Course No.

CHB-101
Title: Inorganic Chemistry
Maximum Marks: 34 Total Duration: (50 hours)

Unit I (12 hours)

Atomic Structure and Periodic Properties:
Wave Mechanical Concept of Atomic Structure: de- Broglie’s wave equation;
derivation; experimental verification; confirmation of quantization of angular
momentum and significance.
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle: Illustration of the principle & significance.
Schrodinger wave equation: significance of Ψ and Ψ².
Quantun numbers; Radial and Angular wave functions and Probability distribution
curves. Shapes of s, p, & d orbitals.
Aufbau & Paulis exclusion principles; Hund’s multiplicity rule. Electron
Configuration of Elements. Effective nuclear charge and its determination.
Periodic properties: Atomic, Ionic, Metallic and Vander Wall radii.
Iozination Potentials, successive ionization potentials; factors affecting ionization
potential.
Electronegativity and Electron affinity: Definition, Methods of determination
/evaluation; Trends in Periodic table and Applications in predicting and explaining
the Chemical behaviour.

Unit II (12 hours)

Chemical Bonding-1
Ionic Solids: Ionic Structures; Radius ration effect, Coordination number and
limitations of radius ratio rule. Lattice defects; Semi conductors, Lattice energy and
Bon Haber Cycle.
Solvation emery and solubility of ionic solids. Polarizing power and polarisibility of
ions; Fagan’s rules.
Metallic bond: Characteristics; comparison with ionic and covalent bonds & theories
(Free electron, Valence bond and Molecular Orbital treatment).

Unit III (13 hours)

Chemical Bonding-II
Valence bond theory: Directional Characteristics of Covalent bond; types of
Hybridizations and Shapes of simple molecules and ions. Limitations of VB theory.
Molecular Orbital Theory: LCAO, Energy level diagram of homo- & heteronuclear
diatomic molecules like N2, O2, F2, CO, NO and HCI.
Multicentre bonding in electron deficient molecules; Bond strength and Bond energy.
Percent ionic character from dipole moment and electronegativity difference.
Weak interactions: Hydrogen bonding (concept, types ; effect on properties) and
Vander Wall forces.

Unit IV (13 hours)

Laboratory Safety Measures and Qualitative Analysis:
General Safety rules, Maintenance of equipments, Storage of Chemicals and
Solvents, preventions and protection from explosions and hazards. Electrical Safety
and UV – radiations. Safe disposal of hazardous / radioactive Chemicals, First aid.

Qualitative Analysis:- Underlying principles- Common-ion effect, Solubility product,

Relation between Solubility and Solubility product.
Types of Qualitative Analysis:- Macro, Semi micro; Micro; Ultra micro Analyses.
Spot test analysis.
Analysis of Inorganic Mixtures: - Group reagents, Selective sprecipitation of cations ;
Precipitation of Sulphides and metal hydroxides.
Effect of acids, temperature and solvent upon the Solubility of a precipitate. Salt
effect. Reactions involved in Separation and identification of cations and anions.

Books Recommended:
1. Basic Inorganic Chemistry; F.A. Cotton; G. Wilikinson & P.L.Gauss; Wiley
2. Inorganic Chemistry; A.G.Sharpe; ELBS.
3. Concise Inorganic Chemistry; J.D.Lee.ELBS.
4. Inorganic Chemistry; G.L.Miessler & T.A.Tarr; Prentice Hall.
5. Inorganic Chemistry; D.D.Shriver; P.W. Atkins & C.H.Langford; Oxford.
6. Concepts and Models of Inorganic Chemistry ; B. Douglas : D.Mc.Daniel &
J.Alexander ; Wiley
7. Vogel’s Qualitative Inorganic Analysis; Svehla; 6th edn. ; Orient Longman
1994.
 B.Sc. 1st Year
Paper –II Organic Chemistry (50 Hours)
Course No. CHB-102

Unit I Structure, Bonding, Aromaticity and mechanism of Organic Reaction.

Hybridisation (with reference to carbon compounds)
Localized and delocalized chemical bonds: Inductive effect and field effect,
Electrometric effect, Resonance effect and hyperconjugation.
Aromaticity: Aromaticity with reference to molecular orbital structure of benzene.
Requirements of aromaticity, Huckel’s rule and its significance. Aromaticity of some
simple non benzenoid compounds pyrrole, thiophene and furan and aromatic ions (3,5
and 7 membered rings).
Dipole-Dipole interactions: Hydrogen bond, Vander Wall’s forces and London
forces and their significance with respect to organic compounds.

Curved arrow notation, drawing electron movements with arrow; half and full headed
arrows. Homolytic and heterolytic fission of covalent bonds.
Reactive Intermediates: Carbocations, Carbanions and Free radicals (Structure and
stability) Carbenes, Benzynes and nitrenes (Generation and Structure).
Types of Reagents: Electrophilels and mucleophiles Methods of determination of
reaction mechanism.

Unit II
A: Sterochemistry of Organic Compounds.
Concept of stereo isomerism, Types of stereo isomerism.
Optical Isomerism: elements of symmetry, molecular chirality, Chiral and achiral
molecules with two sterogenic centers, enantiomers and diastercomers. Meso
compounds. Resolution foenantiomers. Inversion, retention and racemisation.
Relative and absolute configuration, Sequence rules. D.L and R.S Systems of
nomenelature.
Geometrical Isomerism: Determination of configuration of geometrical isomers, E
and Z system of nomenclature, Geometric isomerism in oximes and alicyclic
compounds.
Conformational Analysis: Conformational analysis of n-butane, ethylene glycol and
1.2-dibromoethane using Newman, Sawhorse and Fischer projection formulae.
B. Cycloalkanes.
Conformations of cyclohexane and its monosubstituted derivate, Axial and equatorial
bonds.
Nomenclatute, methods of formation and chemical reactions and stability of
cycloparaffins (3 to 6 membered rings) Baeyer’s strain theory and its limitations.
Ring strain in smaller rings with respect to cyclopropane ring, banana bonds.

Unit III Alkenes, Dienes and Alkynes.

Alkenes: Methods of formation from alcohols and alkyl halides, Saytzeff rule,
Hoffman rule.

Chemical reactions of Alkenes: Mechanism involved in elec-trophilic and free

radical additions. Halogenation, hydro halogeneation (Marknwnikov’s rule) Anti
markownikov’s addition of HBr, hydroboration, eposidation, hydroxylation, (KMnO 4
and OSO4) and ozonolysis, Substitution at the allylic and vinylic positions of alkenes.

Dienes: Nomenclature and classification, Isolated, conjugated and cumulative dienes

structure of alkenes and butadiene. Chemical reactions: 1,2 and 1,4 addition. Diel’s
Alder reaction.

Alkynes: Structure and bonding in alkynes. Acidity of alkynes, Mechanism of

electrophilic and nucleophilic addition reaction, hydroboration-oxidation, metal-
ammonia reductions, oxidation and polymerization.

Unit IV Alkyl and Aryl Halides and Aromatic electrophilic substitution:

Alkyl halides: Classes of alkyl halides, Methods of formation and chemical
reactions.
Mechnism of nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides, SN 1 and SN2
reactions with energy profile diagrams.
Polyhalogen compounds: Preparation and properties of iodoform and carbon
tetrachloride.
Aryl halides: Methods of formation, Nuclear and side chain reactions, electrophilic
substitution and SN reaction of benzyl halaides. The addition elimination and the
elimination addition mechanisms of nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions.
Aromatic electrophilic substitution: ArSE² mechanism. General pattern of the
mechanism of nitration, halogenation Sulphonation and Friedal Craft’s reaction.
Activating and deactivating. Substituents, orientation and ortho/para ration. Side
chain reactions of benzene derivates. Birch reduction.
Books Suggested:
1) A Textbook or Organic Chemistry by R.K.Bansal (Wiley-Eastern, 1997).
2) Organic Chemistry, Vol.I and II by I.L.Finar (ELBS, 1996)
3) Organic Chemistry by Morrison and Boyd (PHI, 1994)
4) Organic Chemistry Reaction Mechanism by R.K.Bansal (TMH, 1992).
5) Advanced Organic Reaction Mechanism by Peter Skyes (Orient Longmann).
6) Reaction Mechanism in Organic Chemistry by Mukherji and Singh
(Macmillan India Ltd).
7) Stereo Chemistry of Organic Compounds by Eliel (TMH, 1992).
8) General Organic Chemistry by Sachin Kumar Ghosh (New central book
Agency).
9) Organic Chemistry vol I & II by Roger Macomber (Viva books private Ltd.).
 B.Sc. 1st Year
Paper –III Physical Chemistry (50 Hours)
Course No. CHB-103

Unit I Mathematical Concepts and Computers (12 hours)

(A) Mathematical Concepts: Logarithmic relations curve sketching linear graphs
and calculationof slsospes, differentiation of functions like kx, e× , xⁿ, sisn x, logx;
maxima and minima, partial differentiation. Integration of some useful/relevant
functions, permutations and combinations.

(B) Computers: General introduction to computers, different components of a

computer, hardware and soft ware, input-output devices; binary numbers and
arithmetic; Introduction to computer languages. Programming, Operating systems.

Unit II Gaseous and Liquids States (13 hours)

Gaseous State
Deviation of gases from ideal behaviour, vad der Waal’s state.
Critical Phenomenon: PV isotherms of real gases, continuity of states, the isotherms
of vander Waal’s equation, relationship between critical constants and vander Waal’s
constants, the law of corresponding states, reduced equation of state.
Molecular velocities: Foot mean square, average and most probably velocities.
Qualitative discussion of the Maxwell’s distribution of molecular velocities, collision
number, mean free path and collision diameter, Liquefaction of gases (based on
Jould-Thomson effect).

Liquid State
Intermolecular forces, structure of liquids (a qualitative description), Structural
differences between solids, liquid crystal displays and Thermography.

Solid State: Defintion of space lattice, unit cell and its demenisons, crystal systems,
Laws of crystallography:- (i) Law of constancy of interf acial angles (ii) Law
of rational indices (iii) Law of summetry
Symmetry elements in crystals. Latticie planes and Miller indices. X-ray diffraction
by crystals. Derivation of Bragg’s and Miller equation. Determination of crystal
structure by Laue’s method and powder method. Example of NaCI, KCI & CsCi.
Unit IV Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis (13 hours)
Determination of order or reaction: derivation of integrated rate equations for second
and third order reactions. Determination of order of reaction by differential,
integration, half life period and isolation methods.
Techniques for kinetic investigation: Conductometry, Potentiometry, Polarimetry and
Spectrophotometry.
Effect of temperature on rate of reaction, Arrheniuys equation, concept of activation
energy.
Theories of chemical kinetics: Simple Collision theory – Basic approximations,
evaluation of rate constant for atomic reactions, extension to molecular reactions and
limitations. Brief idea of Transition state theory (equilibrium hypothesis).

Books Suggested
The elements of Physical Chemistry ; P.W. Atkins ; ELBS
Mathematics for Chemists, D. Dogget & B.T. Sutchliffe ; Longman, 1995
Chemical Mathematics, D.M. Hirst; Longman
Principles of Physical Chemistry by B. R. Puri, L.R. Sharma and M.S. Pathanaia;
S. Chand & Co.
A Text Book of Physical Chemistry; K.K. Sharma; Vikas Publishing House.
A Text Book of Physical Chemistry ; A.S.Negi & S.C Anad : Wiley Eastern Ltd.