PANITIA BIOLOGI NEGERI KELANTAN 2007

CHAPTER 15: VARIATION

Multiple Choice Questions

For questions 1 to 10 each question is followed by four alternative answer, A,B,C or D.
Choose one correct answer for each question and blacken the corresponding space in your
objective answer

6.1 Understanding Variation In Organisms

6.2 Understanding The Causes Of Variation
6.3 Be Respectful Towards One Another Despite Variation

1. Which of the following examples are continuous variation ?

I Hand span
II Fingerprints
III Tongue rolling
IV Intelligence
A I and II
B I and IV
C II and III
D II , III and IV

2.
Teacher : “ What are the causes of variations ? “

Anisah : “ Variations can be caused both by genetic

factors and environmental factors “ .

Teacher : “ Yes , very good “ .

From the dialogue above, genetic factors occur during ………………

I Nutrition
II Mutation
III Random fertilisation
IV Crossing over in meosis 1
A I and II
B III and IV
C II , III and IV

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D I , II , III and IV
3.

Type Of
Finger
Curves Right Loops Whorl Left Loops
prints
Number of 12 16 4 8
students

TABLE 15.1
A class of 40 students did an investigation of variation on types of fingerprints among
them. They recorded the information and gathered the result in the table 15.1. What
type of variation is shown.?
A Continuous variation
B Discontinuous variation
C Genetic variation
D Environmental variation

4.
Number of Chromosomes Sex
chromosomes involved

47 An extra X chromosomes Male

( 44 + XXY )

DIAGRAM 15.1
Base from diagram 15.1 , which of the following diseases is caused by chromosomes
mutation in human ?
A Down’s syndrome
B Turner’s syndrome
C Klinefelter’s syndrome
D Albinism syndrome

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5. Diagram 15.2 shows a change in the chromosome structure caused by chromosomal

mutation .

a
D

G
F

DIAGRAM 15.2
The changes in the chromosome is be due to …………………
A Deletion
B Duplication
C Inversion
D Translocation

6. Two siblings have different abilities to roll their tongue . What is the cause of this trait ?
A Diet
B Genetic factors
C Environmental factors
D Deletion of parts of the chromosomes

7. Which of the following events are the result of chromosomal mutation in human ?
I One less chromosome in the cell
II Deletion of parts of the chromosomes
III An extra sex chromosomes in the cell
IV Genetics recombination due to crossing over
A I and II
B I , II and III
C II , III and IV
D I , II , III and IV

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8. Which of the following variation is influenced by environmental factors ?

A Blood group
B Rhesus factor
C Type of earlobe
D Colour of the skin

9. What is meant by mutation ?

A Changes to the chromosomes after fertilisation
B Changes to the chromosomes due to crossing over
C Changes to the chromosomes due to recombination
D Sudden changes to the chromosomes because of mutagens

10. In an investigation carried out to investigate variation , the following characteristics are
obtained :

• No distinct differences
• Has intermediate characteristic
• Normal distribution graph obtained

An example of the variation investigated is ………..

A Intelligence
B Eye colour
C Types of fingerprint
D Blood group

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Structured Items

Answer all questions. Write your answers in the spaces provided in the question paper.
6.1 Understanding Variation In Organisms
6.2 Understanding The Causes Of Variation
6.3 Be Respectful Towards One Another Despite Variation

1.

P Q R T

Group of
people

Height range 151-155 cm 156-160 161-165 cm 166-170 cm

cm

Number of 6 9 10 5
person

TABLE 15.2

Ability to roll tounge Group of people

Able to roll tongue P and R
Unable to roll tongue Q and T

TABLE 15.3

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(a) What is the type of variation shown by the table 15.3 ?

Trait Type of variation

Height

Tongue Rolling
[2 marks ]

(b) Base from the investigation , what is meant by continuous variation ?

[1 mark ]
(c)
(i) Using results from table 15.2, draw a histogram of number of people against the
height range (cm).
(ii) Joint the midpoint of each bar to draw a smooth curve .
(iii) Using results from table 15.3 plot a bar graph of number of people against the
ability to roll tongue. [5 marks
]

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(d) State the factor that can cause this type of variation for each trait stated.

Traits Factors that cause variation

Height

Tongue Rolling

[2 marks ]

(e) Explain how the students conducted the investigation to determine the type of
variation in the height of people ? [3
marks ]

2.

DIAGRAM 15.3

Diagram 15.3 shows a group of children with a genetic disease due to mutation .

(a) State the genetic disease based on diagram 15.3 . [1 mark ]

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(c) What is the type of that mutation ? [1mark ]

(d) How many chromosomes do the children have ? [1 mark]

(e) Mutation are caused by agents called mutagens .

Give two examples of mutagens .
[2marks ]

(f) How do mutagens caused mutation ? [2 marks]

(g) Table 15.4 below shows genetic diseases caused by chromosome mutation.
Fill in the blank by using the word given .

Male Klinefelter’s syndrome Female Jacob’s syndrome

Turner’s syndrome Male and Female

Number of Chromosomes
Disease Chromosomes involved Sex

( 44 + XO ) Absence of one sex

chromosome

( 44 + XXY ) An extra X
chromosomes

TABLE 15.4 [4marks ]

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Essay Items.

1.

DIAGRAM 15.4

Type of
finger
Curves Right Loops Whorl Left Loops
prints

DIAGRAM 15.5

Diagram 15.4 and 15.5 shows two different variation among human beings.

(a ) Determine the type of variation in Diagram 15.4 and 15.5. Give the reasons.
[4 marks]
(b) (i) What are the differences between continuous and discontinuous variation?

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(ii) State the factors that cause variation in humans .

[6 marks]

There are three sources of genetic factors in sexual reproduction events :

• Crossing over during meiosis 1
• Independent assortment during meiosis
• Random fertilisation

(c) Base from the statement above, explain the three sources of genetic factors
during sexual reproduction [10 marks]

End Of Questions

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