Properties of matter

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642089/Properties-of-Matter

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 General Properties of
Matter
 Matter is anything that
has mass and volume
 Everything is made of
matter

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 What are properties?

 Characteristics used to
describe an object
 Ex: color, odor, shape,
size, texture,hardness

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 General Properties of
matter
 Mass, weight, volume,
and density
 Properties are used to
identify a substance

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 What is mass?

 Mass is the amount of

matter in an object
 Mass is constant
 Mass is also the
measure of inertia

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 What is inertia?
 Inertia is the
resistance of an object
to changes in its
motion
 The more mass the
greater the inertia

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 Questions

 How is mass related to

inertia?
 Why are properties of
an object important?

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 Force and inertia
 When an object is at
rest, a force is
needed to overcome
the inertia to make it
move and to stop the
object s motion

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 Question

 Whichobject has
more inertia, an
empty wagon or one
loaded with rocks?
Why?
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 Question

 What does a seatbelt

do for a passenger
when a car stops
suddenly?

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 Question

 Whywould the
passenger move
forward without the
restraining force of
the belt?
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 Question

 Whatwould stop a
passenger if the
seatbelt were not in
place?

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 Question

 What other safety

features are present
in a car in response
to a person s inertia
in a moving vehicle?

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 Weight
 The measure of the force
of gravity on the mass of
an object
 Weight changes with
gravity
 The metric unit for
weight is a Newton (N)

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 Weight formula
  1 kg = 2.2 pounds
  Weight is mass times gravity
(9.8 m/s2)
  W= m x g
  What is your mass?
  What is your weight in
Newtons?

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 What is gravity?
 The force of attraction
between objects is
gravity
 All objects exert a
gravitational force on
each other

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 Question
 Why can t you feel the
attraction between you
and other objects the
same way you are
pulled toward Earth?

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 Gravitational pull

 The greater the mass

of an object the
greater the
gravitational force

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 Question

 Whycan t we feel
the pull of gravity
from Jupiter even
though it is so
massive?
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 What affects gravity?
 The pull of gravity
weakens as the
distance between
objects increases
 gravity depends on
mass and distance

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 Gravity

 The further an object

is from the center of
the earth, the less
the object will weigh

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 Question

 Would you weigh less,

more, or the same on
top of Mount Everest?

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 Question

 The moon is smaller

than the earth. How
would your weight be
different on the moon?

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 Questions

 What are three

properties of matter
related to mass?

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 Question

 Whatis density and

how is it calculated?

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 Density
 The density of water is
1.0 g/ml
 Objects with densities
greater than 1.0 will
sink in water

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 Density

 Objects with
densities less than
1.0 g/ml will float on
water

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 Ice
 Ice floats therefore it is
less dense than water
 Ice mostly remains
underwater with only a
portion of it being
exposed

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 Astronomy fact!
 The planet Saturn has
a density of less than
1.0 g/ml. If there was
an ocean big enough to
hold it, it would float!

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 Calculations

 If
96.5 grams of gold
has a volume of 5
cubic centimeters,
what is the density of
gold?
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 Calculation

 If
96.5 g of aluminum
has a volume of 35
cm3, what is the
density of aluminum?

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 Calculation
 If the density of a
diamond is 3.5 g/cm ,
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what would be the

mass of a diamond
whose volume is 0.5
cm3?

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 What is specific gravity?

 Acomparison of the
density of a
substance and the
density of water is
specific gravity

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 Questions

 How is density
different from specific
gravity?

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 What is a physical property?

 Physicalproperties
are those that can be
observed without
changing the identity
of the substance

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 Phases of matter (video)
 Four phases of matter:
solid, liquid, gas, and
plasma
 solids have a definite
shape and volume

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 Solid particle arrangement

 Solids are tightly packed

and the particles vibrate
 Two types of solids are
crystalline and
amorphous

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 Types of solids
 Crystalline solids are
arranged in repeating
patterns called
crystals (salt, sugar)
 Amorphous solids can
lose their shape

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 Examples of amorphous solids

  Tar, candle wax, glass

  Shape changes under
certain conditions
(differences in
temperature)

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 Liquid particle arrangement

 Liquidshave
particles that are
close together, but
are free to move

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 Question

 Describe the shape

of a liquid.

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 Describe a liquid

 Liquidsdo not have a

definite shape, but
they have a definite
volume

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 Question

 What happens when

one-liter of soda is
poured into a four-
liter container?

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 Properties of liquids
 Liquids do not expand
to fill the volume of a
container
 Liquids are
characterized by their
ability to flow

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 What is viscosity?
 The resistance of a liquid
to flow
 The difficulty of a liquid
to flow easily
 Honey, motor oil, corn
syrup have a high
viscosity
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 Behavior of liquids

 Cohesion is the force of

attraction between LIKE
particles
 Adhesion is the force of
attraction between
UNLIKE particles

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 Surface tension (video)

 Tendency of particles
to pull together at the
surface of a liquid due
to cohesion

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 Question

 Describe the viscosity

of a liquid.
 Describe a liquid s
shape.

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 Questions

 How is adhesion
different from
cohesion?
 Explain surface
tension.

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 Properties of gases
 Gases do not have a
definite shape or
volume (video)
 They fill all the
available space in a
container

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 Kinetic Molecular Theory of
Matter
 Matter is made of tiny
particles in constant
motion

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 Question

 How are solids, liquids,

and gases different
from one another?

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 Gas laws

 Boyles and Charles law

describe the behavior of
gases with changes in
temperature, pressure,
and volume

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 Charles Law

 Charles law describes

a relationship between
the temperature and
volume of a gas
(constant pressure)

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 Charles Law

 As the temperature of a

gas increases, the
volume of a gas
increases
 Heating air causes it to
expand

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 Question

 How can you explain

the fact that gas
particles expand to
fill space?

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 Pressure

 The force that particles

of a substance (gas/
liquid) will apply over a
certain area

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 Boyle s Law

 Boyle s law describes

the relationship
between the volume
and pressure of gases
(constant temperature)

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 Boyle s law
 Ifthe volume of a gas
decreases, then the
pressure of a gas
increases (Boyle s law)
 The smaller the space
a gas occupies, the
more pressure
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 Plasma

 Plasma (phase)
 most common phase in
the universe, dangerous,
very high energy (found in
stars)

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 Question

 What are the four

phases of matter?
 Describe the plasma
phase of matter.

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 Phase changes (video)

 Phase changes in
matter are melting,
freezing, vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation

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 What is a physical change?
 Physical changes involve
the changing of physical
properties
 Type of matter remains
the same

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 Questions

 Describe each of the five

phase changes (melting,
freezing, vaporization,
condensation, and
sublimation).

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 Physical changes

 Changingcolor,
shape, phase,
texture, hardness,
odor would be a
physical change
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 Melting video
 Phase change from a
solid to a liquid

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 Melting point

 Temperature in
which a solid
changes to a liquid
 Physical property

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 Questions

 How is melting
different from freezing?

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 Phase changes (video)
  Involve a change in
volume, but mass
remains constant
  Adding or removing
energy from matter
results in phase changes

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 Vaporization

 Phase change from a

liquid to a gas

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 Boiling point (video)
 The temperature in which
a liquid boils
 Point at which a liquid
changes to a gas

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 Freezing (video)
 Phase change of a
liquid to a solid
 The temperature in
which this occurs is
the freezing point

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 Condensation
 Condensation is the
phase change from a
gas to a liquid
 Sublimation is a phase
change from solid to a
gas

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 Question

 Describe
a difference
between condensation
and vaporization.

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 Sublimation examples

 Dryice and iodine

are examples solids
that undergo
sublimation

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 Chemical properties
 Describe how a
substance changes
into new substances
are chemical
properties
 Ex: flammability

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 Chemical changes
 The change of a
substance into a new and
different substance
 Also known as a
chemical reaction
 video

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 Questions

 What is another name for

a chemical change?
 Describe sublimation.
 How is a chemical
change different from a
physical change?
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