Elastic modulus of material of pipes Elastic modulus and dencity of water

(Book Mutchmann page 13.5)

Material E-Modul [N/m²] E-Modul [N/mm²] t in °c ρW (kg/m³) E-Modul [N/m²]

Stahl 210,000,000,000 210,000 0 999.80 2,010,000,000 2,01.109
Gusseisen 100,000,000,000 100,000 4 1000.00
Beton 25,000,000,000 25,000 10 999.60 2,120,000,000 2,12.109
Blei 20,000,000,000 20,000 20 998.20 2,200,000,000 2,20.109
GFK 10,000,000,000 10,000 30 995.60 2,260,000,000 2,26.109
PVC 3,000,000,000 3,000 40 992.20 2,290,000,000 2,29.109
Gummi 20,000,000 20 50 988.00 2,290,000,000 2,29.109
 Surge Calculation according to Joukowsky from Water Treatment Plant (WTP) to IPS No.1
Prepared by: Abdelouahab Nabih
Team Leader (Civil Engineer)

Pressure wave velocity for pipelines / Druckwellensgeschwindigkeit für Rohrleitungen

Data of fluid / Fluid Daten: Wasser
Free speed of sound / freie Schallgeschwindigkeit: cF 1482.3 m/s Sound velocity of the liquid in the undisturbed medium
Density / Dichte rW 999.6 kg/m³ for twater=10°C
Elastic modulus of water / Elastizitätsmodul des Wassers: EW 2,120,000,000 N/m2 for twater=10°C

Data of pipeline / Daten Rohrleitung:

Pipe outside diameter / Rohraussendurchmesser: da 1.016 m
Pipe inside diameter / Rohrinnendurchmesser: di 0.9874 m
Wall thickness / Wandstärke: s 0.0143 m
Elastic modulus of materail / Elastizitätsmodul des Materials: ER 210,000,000,000 N/m2
Factor of pipe cross-stretching / Faktor Rohrquerdehnung kq 0.9
Length of the pipeline / Länge der Rohrleitung L 94.471 km
Flow / Durchfluß Q 0.84 m³/s 3024 m³/h
840 l/s
Roughness value for steel feeder and trunk lines /
Rauheitswert für Zubringer- und Fernleitungen aus Stahl k 0.1 m 0.0001 mm
Cross-section area of transport pipeline / Rohrquerschnit Ai 0.7657 m²
Ratio wall thickness to internal pipe diameter (s/di) /
Verhältnis Wandstärke zu Rohrinnendurchmesser (s/di) s/di 0.0145

Pressure wave velocity for thin-walled pipelines (s/di <0.04) / Druckwellensgeschwindigkeit für dünnwandige Rohrleitungen (s/di < 0,04)
Result / Ergebnis: a 1117.91 m/s Book Mutchmann page 109
Taschenbuh Mutchmann Seite 109

Autor: A. Nabih Page 2

 Surge Calculation according to Joukowsky from Water Treatment Plant (WTP) to IPS No.1
Pressure wave velocity for thin-walled pipelines (s/di > 0,04) / Druckwellensgeschwindigkeit für dickwandige für Rohrleitungen (s/di > 0,04)
Result / Ergebnis: a 939.21 m/s Book Mutchmann page 109
Taschenbuh Mutchmann Seite 109
Pressure wave velocity / Druckwellensgeschwindigkeit a 1117.91 m/s

Pressure surge calculation according to Joukowsky / Druckstoßberechnung nach Joukowsky

Velocity during normal operation v1 1.1 m/s
Velocity by sudden pump stop or valve shutoff v2 0 m/s

The full and therefore most dangerous pressure surge occurs when the closing time of valve approaches 0. In the event of a sudden pump stop, v2 = 0 m / s and thus the pressure surge
Der volle und daher gefährlichste Druckstoß tritt dann ein, wenn die Schließzeit gegen 0 geht. Bei plötzlichem Pumpenstillstand wird v2 = 0 m/s und damit der Druckstoß:
Result / Ergebnis: PStoß = PSurge 1,225,843.13 N/m²
12.3 bar
Pressure loss of the pipeline according to tables for pressure loss
Pressure head gradient / Druckhöhengefälle Jv 0.95 m/km

Pressure loss of the pipeline according to pressure loss

tables of Prandtl-Colebrook / Druckverlust der Rohrleitung
nach Tabellen für Druckverluste von Prandtl-Colebrook hv 89.74745 m
9.0 bar
Height of the water column at WTP / Höhe der Wassersäule
in WTP
91.4
Height of the water column at IPS-No.1 / Höhe in IPS-No.1
166.7
Geoditic height / Geoditische Höhe hgeo 75.2 164.96745
7.5 bar
Pressure Head / Förderhöhe h 165
16.5 bar
The operating pressure of the surge vessel should be min. /
Der zulässige Betriebsdruck der Druckstoßkessel soll min. P 28.8 bar

Autor: A. Nabih Page 3

 Simple Guide for Design of Air Vessels for Water Hammer Protection of Pumping Lines

References:
- Journal of Hydraulic Engineering / August 2002, D. Stephensen, F. ASCE
- ASME SecVIII Div 1 Appendix G

Figure 1: Pipeline Profile

Autor: A. Nabih Page 4

Figure 2: Maximum and minimum head envelopes based on incompressible flow theory

Figure 3: Air and Vessel Volumes

Terms In above charts:

S0  g  H 0 ------------------- (1)
S' 2
A  L  v0

where:
S' = Dimensionless parameter
S0 = Initial gas volume in vessel, m3
g= gravitational acceleration, 9.8 m/s2
Ho = Static head above pump discharge nozzle plus destination pressure (in head terms), m
A= Cross-sectional area of pipeline, m2
L= Length of pipeline, m
v0 = Initial Pipeline Velocity, m/s
Hmin = minimum static head above pump discharge nozzle plus destination pressure (in head terms), m
Hmax = maximum static head above pump discharge nozzle plus destination pressure (in head terms), m

For majority air vessel volume calculations consider the following values

H min
 0.4
H0

and

H max
 1 .4
H0

Autor: A. Nabih Page 5

From "Figure 2" , S' = 1
Rearranging equation (1) considering S' = 1

2
A  L  v0
S0 
gH0 ----------(2)

S  S0  S w ----------------(3)

where:
S= Air vessel volume, m3
Sw = Initial water volume in vessel, m3

2
A  L  v0
Sw 
g  hmin ------------(4)

where:

hmin  H 0  H min
----------(5)

hmax  H max  H 0 ------------(6)

Since Hmax = 1.4*H0

hmax  0.4  H 0

Inlet and Outlet Connections

Inlet Connection
1/ 4
di  v2 
  0   1
dp  -----------(7)
 g  hmax  2

where:
di = Inlet connection size, mm
dp = pipeline size, mm

Outlet Connection
-----------(8)

where:
de = Outlet connection size, mm
dp = pipeline size, mm

L/D ratio for Air Vessel

The optimum L/D ratio for Air Vessel may depend on the parameter you want to optimize such as cost, plot space, vertical height, process requirements
such as liquid holdup or vapor-liquid separation, etc.
According to ASME SecVIII Div 1 Appendix G the optimal (L/D)Vessel is as follows:

PSIG bar L/D

0 < P <= 250 0 < P <= 17,2 1,5 - 3
250 < P <= 500 17,2 < P <= 34,5 3 -4
P > 500 P > 34,5 4-6
PSIG= Pound-force per square inch

Autor: A. Nabih Page 6

 Air Vessel for Water Hammer Prevention in Pipelines
Reference: Simple Guide for Design of Air Vessels for Water Hammer Protection of Pumping Lines
Prepared by: Abdelouahab Nabih
Team Leader (Civil Engineer)

Calculation for Dimension of Surge Vessel

Inputs
Q 1.699 m³/s
L= 68,455 m Length of transport pipeline
dp = 1,409 mm Diameter of transport pipeline
s 9.7 mm Thickness of transport pipeline
x 0 Distance from pump end of pipeline
x/L 0
S' = 2 Dimensionless parameter from Figure 2 2.00
Hmin / H0 = 0.5 from Figure 2
HIPS1 2m Height of the water column at IPS1
HIPS2 82.95 m Height of the water column at IPS2
H0 = 80.95 m Static head above pump discharge nozzle plus destination pressure (in head terms)
Hmin 40.475 Minimum static head above pump discharge nozzle plus destination pressure (in head terms)
2.5
Safety factor
on Vessel
Volume
P 15 bar selected pressure rate of the Air vessel
(L/D)vessel = 4.00 selected L/D ratio for Air Vessel of the Air vessel

Outputs
A= 1.559 m2 Cross-section area of transport pipeline
v0 = 1.09 m/s Velosity in the transport pipeline
S0 = 319.2 m3 Gas volume for surge protection
hmin = 40 m Minimum Head below H0 ( Hmin=H0-hmin) 40 m
Sw = 319.2 m 3
Water volume for surge protection
S= 638.4 m 3
Total Volume for surge protection
S with SF = 1595.9 m3 Total Volume of surge protection including safety factor
No. 1.0 unit Number of vessel units
S per Unit 1595.9 m3 Volume per one vessel unit
Dvessel = 7.98 m Diameter for each vessel unit
Lvessel = 31.92 m Length for each vessel unit

Calculation of Size for Inlet and Outlet Pipes

dp = 1,409 mm Diameter of Transport Pipeline
v0 = 1.09 m/s Velosity in the Transport Pipeline
H0 = 80.95 m Static head above pump discharge nozzle plus destination pressure (in head terms)
hmax=0,4*H0 32.38 m Maximum Head above H0 ( Hmax=H0+hmax)
Hmax=1,4*H0 113.33 m maximum static head above pump discharge nozzle 113.33
plus destination pressure (in head terms)
Size needs to be verified based on point number 1 to ensure that velocity is kept at or below 10 m/s in the outlet piping
Air Vessel for Water Hammer Prevention in Pipelines
 Air Vessel for Water Hammer Prevention in Pipelines
Pipes for Inlet and Outlet for complete Vessel Units
Outlet pipe do
The outflow from the air vessels can be throttled to reduce the outflow volume and to more rapidly decelerate the water column
in the pipeline. The maximum rate of outflow occurs immediately after pump trip, when the air in the vessel is still at operating
pressure.
do is generally 0.25 to 0.5 times the pipe diameter dp
0.185
do = 329.5 mm Diameter of outlet pipe 261
13.0 inch
Ao 0.085 m2 Cross-section of outlet pipe

Intlet pipe di
The return surge compresses the air in the air vessel, gradually decelerating the water column. The maximum compression of the
air, which coincides with maximum pressure in the pipeline, occurs when the water column has stopped.

di = 246.3 mm Diameter of inlet pipe

9.7 inch
Ao 0.048 m2 Cross-section of inlet pipe

Selected Size 0.25

do = 14.00 inch 356 mm 352
di = 10.00 inch 254 mm