‫ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ‬

‫ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

 ‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺟﲑﻭﻡ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﲔ )ﻣﻮﻇﻒ ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ(‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮ ﻭﻃﺒﻊ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬
‫‪Special Tribunal for Lebanon‬‬
‫‪Dokter van der Stamstraat 1‬‬
‫‪2265 BC Leidschendam‬‬
‫‪The Netherlands‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

 ‫ﻓﻬﺮﺱ‬

‫ﺩﻳﺒﺎﺟﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫‪.I‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻧﺸﺌﺖ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬
‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.II‬‬
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ" ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ"‬ ‫‪.III‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ"؟‬
‫‪ .2‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ"؟‬
‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬ ‫‪.IV‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺄﻱ ﺻﻔﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬ ‫‪.V‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ؟‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ؟‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ؟‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺑﻴﺔ؟‬ ‫‪.5‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫–‪–3‬‬
 ‫ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬ ‫‪.VI‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ؟‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻫﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﳑﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ؟‬
‫‪ .3‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ؟‬
‫‪ .4‬ﻫﻞ ﳛﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻴﲔ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻟﻪ؟‬
‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.VII‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ؟‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺩ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ؟‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.VIII‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ؟‬
‫ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫‪.3‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ؟‬
‫ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻪ؟‬ ‫‪.4‬‬
‫ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬ ‫‪.IX‬‬

‫ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ؟‬ ‫‪.1‬‬

‫ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ؟‬ ‫‪.2‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫–‪–4‬‬
 ‫ﺩﻳﺒﺎﺟﺔ‬

‫ﻳﻘ ‪‬ﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰ ﶈ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻭﺃﺟﻮﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻗﻪ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﻮﺩﻭﻥ ﻓﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻨﻪ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﳑﺎﺭﺳﻮﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻳﻬﺪﻑ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰ ﺃﺧﲑ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﻛﻞ ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔ ﲝﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺗﺴﻌﺔ ﻓﺼﻮﻝ‪ .‬ﻓﺒﻌﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺬﻛﲑ ﺑﺎﻗﺘﻀﺎﺏ ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬
‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻭﺻﻒ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍ‪‬ﺎ )ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ(‪ ،‬ﻳﺴﺮﺩ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻖ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ )ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ(‪.‬ﰒ ﻳﻌﺮ‪‬ﻑ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ )ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ( ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‬
‫)ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ( ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻗﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ )ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‪‬ﺎ( ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻋﻰ ﲤﺜﻴﻠﻪ )ﺳﺎﺩﺳ‪‬ﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺃﻳﻀ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ )ﺳﺎﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ( ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ )ﺛﺎﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ(‪ .‬ﻭﳜﺘﺘﻢ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰ ﺑﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ )ﺗﺎﺳﻌ‪‬ﺎ(‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺀﺓ "ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﻴﺔ" ﻟﺮﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭ"ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﰲ‬

‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ" ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻦ ﻣﻊ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰ ﰲ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺃﺳﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﻟﻴﺲ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰ ﺃﻱ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻔﺴﲑﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺸﲑ ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﺑﲔ ﻫﻼﻟﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﳋﻂ ﺍﳌﺎﺋﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻧﻈﺎﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ‪.‬‬

‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻹﻃﻼﻉ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻭ"ﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻹﻳﻀﺎﺣﻴﺔ" ﻭ"ﺍﳌﻮﺟﺰ" ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪www.stl-tsl.org :‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫–‪–5‬‬
 ‫ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﳌﱪﻡ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬

‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺩﻯ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻘﺘﻞ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻖ ﺭﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‬

‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ‬

‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬

‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻊ ﻟﻸﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‪ /‬ﻗﻀﺎﺓ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ‪/‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ‬

‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺪﻋﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫–‪–6‬‬
 ‫ﺃﻣﲔ ﻋﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬

‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﻴﻮﻏﺴﻼﻓﻴﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺮﻭﺍﻧﺪﺍ ﻭﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﺴﲑﺍﻟﻴﻮﻥ‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫–‪–7‬‬
 ‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﺼﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -.1‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻧﺸﺌﺖ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﺯﺭﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﺳﺒﻖ ﺭﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ‬ ‫‪.1‬‬
‫‪ 13‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪/‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪ ،2005‬ﻃﻠﺒﺖ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ‬
‫"ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺎﺑﻊ ﺩﻭﱄ"‪ .‬ﻭﻧﺘﻴﺠ ﹰﺔ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ‪ ،‬ﰲ ‪ 29‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪/‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ ،2006‬ﻓ ‪‬ﻮﺽ ﳎﻠﺲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﻣﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ .((2005) 1664‬ﻭﺗﻜﻠﻠﺖ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻭﺿﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺭﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﻜﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﰲ ‪ 23‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪/‬ﻳﻨﺎﻳﺮ ﻭ‪ 6‬ﺷﺒﺎﻁ‪/‬ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ ‪ 2007‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﱄ‪ .‬ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﱂ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﻋﺮﺍﻗﻴﻞ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮ‪‬ﺍ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺪﻭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﰲ ‪ 30‬ﺃﻳﺎﺭ‪/‬ﻣﺎﻳﻮ ‪2007‬‬ ‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ ،(2007) 1757‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺎﺩ‪‬ﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻌﻄﺎﺓ ﻟﻪ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺴﺮﻳﺔ ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻴﺜﺎﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺩﺧﻠﺖ ﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﺃﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﺣﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺎﺫ ﻭﺩ‪‬ﻋﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓﻘﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ ،1757‬ﺑﲔ ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪ /‬ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻮ ‪ 2008‬ﻭﺷﺒﺎﻁ‪ /‬ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ ‪،2009‬‬ ‫‪.3‬‬

‫ﺍﲣﺬ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻹﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﺍﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﻋ‪‬ﻴﻦ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺸﺎﻭﺭ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻭﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻭﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻠﻢ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﰲ ‪ 1‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪/‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ ،2009‬ﻓﺘﺤﺖ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﺑﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺭﲰﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻻﻳﺪﺳﻨﺪﺍﻡ‬ ‫‪.4‬‬

‫)ﻫﻮﻟﻨﺪﺍ(‪ .‬ﺑﻌﺪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ‪ ،‬ﰲ ‪ 20‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪/‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪ ،2009‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻋﻰ ﻫﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﺠﺎﺯ ﻭﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﻴﲔ ﳏﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫–‪–8‬‬
‫‪ -.2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،1‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ‪ 1‬ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،4‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ‪ 1‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ‪ 11‬ﻭ‪ 12‬ﻭ‪ 17‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ(‬

‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻓﺌﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻭﻗﻊ ﰲ ‪14‬‬ ‫‪.5‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﺎﻁ‪/‬ﻓﱪﺍﻳﺮ ‪ 2005‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺭﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮﻱ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻠﺔ ﺑﲔ ‪1‬‬
‫ﺗﺸﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪/‬ﺃﻛﺘﻮﺑﺮ ‪ 2004‬ﻭ‪ 12‬ﻛﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪/‬ﺩﻳﺴﻤﱪ ‪ ،2005‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺻﻠﺔ‬
‫ﰲ ﺗﻮﺍﺭﻳﺦ ﻻﺣﻘﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪-‬ﺃﻱ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺭﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮﻱ‪-‬‬ ‫ﺃ(‬
‫ﺗﻠﻘﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻔﻲ ﻣﻬﻠﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎﻭﺯ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺴﻠﹼﻢ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻣﻬﺎﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﱐ ﺍﳌﻜﻠﻒ ﺑﻘﻀﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮﻱ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺎﺯﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﻪ ﻟﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؛‬
‫ﺏ( ﺇﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ؛‬
‫ﺝ( ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﺄﲰﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﺘﺠﺰﻳﻦ ﺭﻫﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ( ﻻ ﺗﺪﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺷﺮﻃﲔ‪ .‬ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﻣﺘﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﺪﻑ ﺭﻓﻴﻖ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺮﻱ؛‬
‫ﺏ( ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﻭﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺘﲔ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ( ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺪﺧﻞ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺘﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺘﲔ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﺇﺫﺍ ﰎ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻃﲔ ﺍﶈﺪﺩﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ ﺏ( ﺃﻋﻼﻩ؛‬
‫ﺏ( ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻭﺍﻓﻖ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﲟﻮﺍﻓﻘﺔ‬
‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫–‪–9‬‬
 ‫‪ -.3‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺳﺒﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﻭﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪ (1) :‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ؛ )‪(2‬‬ ‫‪.6‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ؛ )‪ (3‬ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ؛ )‪ (4‬ﺍﳌﺜﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﻻﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ؛‬
‫)‪ (5‬ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ؛ )‪ (6‬ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ؛ )‪ (7‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺇﻗﺎﻣﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻏﻴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬

‫ﺍﳌﺜﻮﻝ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬

‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﻲ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻧﺐ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺘﱪﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺩﺍﻧﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ‬

‫ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 10‬‬
 ‫ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺗﻄﻮﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﻻﻓﺘ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻭﻣﻜﺎﻧﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺬ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ‬ ‫‪.7‬‬
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ .‬ﻓﻼ ﳛﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺃﻱ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻗﺪ ﳊﻖ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻓﺤﺴﺐ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﳚﺪ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻠﺰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺠﻮﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺁﻻﻣﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﻴﺤﺎﻝ ﺇﺫﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺎﻭﻝ ﻭﺍﺿﻌﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺇﺫ‬ ‫‪.8‬‬
‫ﺷﻐﻠﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻬﻤﻴﺶ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻓﺎﺳﺘﻨﺪﻭﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﱐ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺮﻣﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﺤﻮﺍ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽ "ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻭﺷﻮﺍﻏﻠﻬﻢ"‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻖ ﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﳏﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ‪‬ﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻫﻮ ﺍﳊﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫‪.9‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻜ ‪‬ﺮﺱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﻭﺍﺿﻌﻮ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 17‬ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ ﻛﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺎﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺼﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪" :‬ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺜﻤﺎ ﺗﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﻣﺼﺎﳊﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻬﻢ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﺟﺴﻬﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻳﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﳓﻮ ﻻ ﳝﺲ ﺃﻭ ﻳﺘﻌﺎﺭﺽ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﻊ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﳏﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻋﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﻧﺰﻳﻬﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺜﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﲔ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﲏ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﻋﺮﺽ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻵﺭﺍﺀ ﻭﺍﳍﻮﺍﺟﺲ ﻣﱴ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺃﻯ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺎ‪ ".‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺤﺎﻭﻝ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﻋﻤﻠﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻨﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬
‫ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺳﻌﺔ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎﺛﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪-‬ﺍﳉﺮﻣﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﳊﺮﺹ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺇﻧﺼﺎﻓﻬﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻧﺴﺠﺎﻣ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﻴﺔ )ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ(‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ‬
‫ﲢﺖ ﺍﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺭﻡ ﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻐﺮﻑ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 11‬‬
‫ﺧﻼﻓﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﻟﻺﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻻ‬ ‫‪.10‬‬
‫ﳝﻨﺢ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‪ .‬ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﻏﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 12‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ" ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ"‬ ‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﹰﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﲤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺑﲔ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ" )‪ (1‬ﻭﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ‬ ‫‪.11‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ" )‪ (2‬ﺑﻐﻴﺔ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ"ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ"؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 2‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬

‫ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻋﺎﱏ ﻣﻦ ﺿﺮﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﻨﻮﻱ ﻛﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫‪.12‬‬
‫ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮﺓ ﻻﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪".‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.13‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ"؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺗﺎﻥ ‪ 2‬ﻭ‪ 86‬ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻫﻮ "ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺪﺍﺀ ﻳﺪﺧﻞ ﰲ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ‬ ‫‪.14‬‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ ﲰﺢ ﻟﻪ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ ﻭﺷﻮﺍﻏﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ"‪.‬‬

‫ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻜﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺼﻞ‬ ‫‪.15‬‬

‫ﺽ ﺍﻃﻠﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﺍﳋﻄﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ‪‬ﺪﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻭﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎ ﹴ‬
‫ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﻭﻟﻠﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﺧﺬ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻭﻋﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧ ﹰﺔ ﲟﺼﺎﱀ ﺳﺎﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ؛‬
‫ﺏ( ﺗﺄﺛﲑ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﻧﺰﺍﻫﺔ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﻋﺪﺍﻟﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺳﺮﻋﺘﻬﺎ؛‬
‫ﺝ( ﺷﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ﺩ( ﻭﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 13‬‬
 ‫ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﻀﺮﺭ )‪ ،(1‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﻻ ﳛﻖ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪.16‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺑﻪ )‪.(2‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﺑﺄﻱ ﺻﻔﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟ )ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ‪ 134‬ﻭ‪145‬‬

‫ﻭ‪ 146‬ﻭ‪ 152‬ﻭ‪ 165‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬

‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ‬ ‫‪.17‬‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻃﺔ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻋﺪ‪‬ﺓ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻱ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫ﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻟﻠﻤﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ؛‬
‫)ﺃ( ﻳﻮﺟﻪ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎ ﹴ‬
‫)ﺏ( ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﺓ ﻭﺇﻻ ﺃﺩﺍﻧﺘﻪ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﲜﺮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﲑ؛‬
‫)ﺝ( ﻳﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﻴﻤﲔ ﻭﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻗﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺷﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﺯﻭﺭ‪ ،‬ﻗﺪ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﺣﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﻴﺔ؛‬
‫)ﺩ( ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻌﺒ‪‬ﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﻮﺍﺏ ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﳌﻀﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻟﻠﻔﺮﻳﻘﲔ؛‬
‫)ﻩ( ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﲔ ﲟﻤﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ؛‬
‫)ﻭ( ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺳﲑ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣﱴ‬
‫ﻭﻟﻮ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﺨﺼﻴ‪‬ﺎ ‪‬ﺎ؛‬
‫)ﺯ( ﻭﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﳛﻀﺮ ﺇﻓﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻵﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﰲ ﻗﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻬﺎﺩﺗﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺑﻞ‪ ،‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﺣﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ‬ ‫‪.18‬‬
‫ﺗﺴﺘﻤﻊ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ – ﺷﺨﺼﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ – ﺑﺼﻔﺔ ﻣﺘﻀﺮﺭ‪ .‬ﺇﺫ ﻳﺘﻜﻠﹼﻢ ﺑﺎﲰﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺑﻜﻞ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ ﺃﺩﻧﺎﻩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬

‫)ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 25‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ(‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 14‬‬
 ‫ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺑﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻷﺿﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺑﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.19‬‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻠﺠﺄ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﳏﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﳐﺘﺼﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪.20‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻮﻳﺾ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﺬﺭﻉ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳍﻴﺌﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻢ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﻧﺔ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻗﺪ ﻣﻨﺤﺘﻪ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﲤﻨﺤﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺽ‪ ،‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ "‪‬ﺎﺋ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻭﻣﻠﺰ ‪‬ﻣﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺨﺺ ﺍﳌﺪﺍﻥ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 15‬‬
 ‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﲝﻘﻮﻕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﹼﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫‪.21‬‬
‫)‪ .(1‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺜﻞ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ )‪ (2‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ )‪ (3‬ﻭﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ )‪ .(4‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﲝﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺑﻴﺔ )‪.(5‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪11‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،86‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺃﻟﻒ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ‪ .‬ﻓﺨﻼﻓﹰﺎ‬ ‫‪.22‬‬
‫ﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﺒﻨﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻨﺢ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺻﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﻋﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻲ ﻭﲢﺮﻳﻚ ﺩﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻻ‪‬ﺎﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﻓ ﹰﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 11‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﺨﺬ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺑﺼﻔﺘﻪ ﳑﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ‬ ‫‪.23‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﻡ ﲢﺮﻳﻜﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﻖ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ‬
‫ﻳﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺘﱪﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺓ ﳉﻼﺀ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺍﳊﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﺘﺨﺬ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪‬ﺍ ﺑﺸﺄ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪17‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ‪ ،86‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﺎﻥ )ﺑﺎﺀ( ﻭ)ﺟﻴﻢ(‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ 87‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﺎﻥ‬
‫)ﺃﻟﻒ( ﻭ)ﺑﺎﺀ(‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ 143‬ﻭ‪ 144‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺑﺎﺀ(‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ 146‬ﻭ‪ 147‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺑﺎﺀ(‪،‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ 150‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺩﺍﻝ(‪ ،‬ﻭ‪ 168‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺃﻟﻒ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬

‫ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ‬ ‫‪.24‬‬
‫"ﺁﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻭﻫﻮﺍﺟﺴﻪ"‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﺠﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ‪:‬‬
‫)ﺃ( ﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ ﺑﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ ﲤﻬﻴﺪﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺧﺘﺎﻣﻲ؛‬
‫)ﺏ( ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؛‬
‫)ﺝ( ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺃﺩﻟﺔ؛‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 16‬‬
 ‫)ﺩ( ﺍﺳﺘﺠﻮﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺇﺧﻀﺎﻋﻬﻢ ﻻﺳﺘﺠﻮﺍﺏ ﻣﻀﺎﺩ؛‬
‫)ﻩ( ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺓ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺃﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ؛‬
‫)ﻭ( ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺬﻛﺮﺍﺕ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻋﻦ ﺳﲑ‬ ‫‪.25‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺸﻜ ﹴﻞ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻄﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺧﺪﻣ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﳛﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺃﻭﺩﻋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﻭﻣﻠﻒ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻏﲑ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲣﻀﻊ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺻﺎﺭﻣﺔ ﻓﻼ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ "ﻣﻀﺮﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪.26‬‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺭﺿﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﻭﻣﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻟﺔ ﻭﺍ‪‬ﺮﺩﺓ"‪ .‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪:‬‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺼﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﺻﺮﻳﺢ ﲟﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃ(‬
‫ﺍﳌﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋﻼﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ؛‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻮﻟﲔ ﻋﺮﺽ "ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺷﻮﺍﻏﻠﻬﻢ" ﳏﺪﻭﺩ‪‬ﺍ؛‬ ‫ﺏ(‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺭ‬ ‫ﺝ(‬
‫ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ؛‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﳑﺜﻞ ﺃﻭ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﲔ ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﱀ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ؛‬ ‫ﺩ(‬
‫ﺽ؛‬
‫ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺠﻮﺏ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻗﺎ ﹴ‬ ‫ﻩ(‬
‫ﻭ( ﻭﻻ ﻳ‪‬ﺴﻤﺢ ﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻬﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺃﻥ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ؟‬

‫)ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،87‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺟﻴﻢ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺘﲔ‪ ،‬ﺍﻷﻭﱃ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪.27‬‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺀﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻣﺎ ﺛﺒﺘﺖ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 17‬‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻫﺬﻩ‪ ،‬ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ‪ :‬ﻓﻼ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ‬ ‫‪.28‬‬
‫ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﺛﺮ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‪ .‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺇﺑﺪﺍﺀ ﺭﺃﻳﻪ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﻮﺑﺔ‪ .‬ﻭ‪‬ﺪﻑ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﳑﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺼﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﺑﺼﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺮﺍﺡ ﺇﻧﺰﺍﻝ‬
‫ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ؟‬

‫)ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،87‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺩﺍﻝ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﺺ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ "ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﺷﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺗﻨ ‪‬‬ ‫‪.29‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺍﻫﺎ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ" ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺮﻳ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﳝﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﻤﻨﻮﺣﺔ ﻟﻪ‬ ‫‪.30‬‬
‫ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻤﺎﺭﺳﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻓﻴﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﺷﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﲡﺮﻱ ﺧﻄﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺷﻔﻮﻳ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .5‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﶈﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺑﻴﺔ؟‬

‫)ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 107‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻐﻴﺎﺑﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫‪.31‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻤﺘﻊ ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﳏﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻭﺟﺎﻫﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 18‬‬
 ‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬

‫ﻳﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ )‪ .(1‬ﻭﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺘﱪﻩ‬ ‫‪.32‬‬
‫ﻼ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻔﺎﺋﻪ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ )‪ .(2‬ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻘﺘﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻫ ﹰ‬
‫ﻣﺎﺩﻳ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﳛﻖ ﻟﻪ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﳏﺎﻡ ﻳﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ )‪.(3‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،86‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺟﻴﻢ( ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﻳﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.33‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺔ ﺧﻼﻑ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻫﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﳜﺘﺎﺭ ﳑﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،51‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺟﻴﻢ( ﻣﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻔﺎﻅ ﲝﻖ ﻗﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪.34‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﻴﲔ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﳛﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﳑﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﻮﰲ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺍﳌﻨﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‪:‬‬
‫)ﺃ( ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﲰﻪ ﻣﺪﺭﺟ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﲰﺎﺀ ﳑﺜﻠﲔ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺫﻭﻱ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺆﻫﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳛﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؛‬
‫)ﺏ( ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳎﺎ ‪‬ﺯﺍ ﰲ ﳑﺎﺭﺳﺔ ﻣﻬﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺳﻠﻄﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺘﺮﻑ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﺃﺳﺘﺎﺫ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳏﺎﻣ‪‬ﻴﺎ ﻣﻌﺎﻭﻧ‪‬ﺎ؛‬
‫)ﺝ( ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻘﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ؛‬
‫)ﺩ( ﻭﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺪﺍﻥ ﺃﻭ ﱂ ﺗﱰﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﻮﺑﺔ ﺗﺄﺩﻳﺒﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪،51‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺟﻴﻢ( ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،86‬ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ )ﺟﻴﻢ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 19‬‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﺃﻥ ﳛﺪﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺨﻮﻟﲔ ﻋﺮﺽ‬ ‫‪.35‬‬
‫ﻭﺟﻬﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺮﻫﻢ ﻭﺷﻮﺍﻏﻠﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺄﻣﺮ ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺘﻌﻴﲔ‬
‫ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻟﻌﺪﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﱂ ﻳﺆ ‪‬ﺩ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻫﻞ ﳛﻖ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﻴﲔ ﳑﺜﻞ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻟﻪ؟‬

‫)ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 51‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺟﻴﻢ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﳛﻖ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺪﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﻳ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻬﺎ ﻗﻠﻢ‬ ‫‪.36‬‬
‫ﺻﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲤﺜﻴﻞ ﻣﺼﺎﳊﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺣﺮ ‪‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 20‬‬
 ‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬

‫ﻳﺴﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ‬ ‫‪.37‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‪ .‬ﺗﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺑﺼﻼﺣﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ )‪ ،(1‬ﻭﳚﺐ ﺃﻥ ﲢﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺩﻫﺎ ﲡﺎﻩ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﲔ ﰲ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﲡﺎﻩ ﳑﺜﻠﻴﻬﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﲔ )‪.(2‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،51‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﺎﻥ )ﺃﻟﻒ(‬

‫ﻭ)ﺑﺎﺀ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬

‫‪ .38‬ﺗﺘﻮﱃ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺛﻼﺙ ﻣﻬﺎﻡ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃ( ﺍﳊﺮﺹ ﻋﻠﻰ‪ (1 :‬ﺇﻋﻼﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﳑﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﲝﻘﻮﻗﻪ ﻭﺑﺘﻘﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻌﻨﻴﻪ؛‬
‫ﻭ‪ (2‬ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﳑﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﹼﻢ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﻪ؛‬
‫ﺏ( ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺇﱃ ﳑﺜﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ؛‬
‫ﺝ( ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﳌﻤﺜﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﲔ ﻳﻀﻄﻠﻌﻮﻥ ﲟﻬﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺩ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎ؟‬

‫)ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،51‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺗﺎﻥ )ﺟﻴﻢ( ﻭ)ﻭﺍﻭ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬

‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺎﺩ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﲡﺎﻩ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪.39‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻛﻠﻬﻢ ﻭﺗﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺃﻱ ﺗﻀﺎﺭﺏ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﱀ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﻻ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺒﺪﺋﻴ‪‬ﺎ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ؛‬
‫ﺏ( ﻭ"ﻻ ﻳﺘﻠﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻳﺔ ﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﻻ ﻳﺸﺎﺭﻙ ﺑﺄﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺃﻭ ﺁﺧﺮ‬
‫ﰲ ﻗﻀﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻘﺔ ﻟﺪﻯ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﲑ ﺳﻠﺒ‪‬ﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﺤﻮ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

‫– ‪– 21‬‬
 ‫ﺛﺎﻣﻨ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬

‫ﲢﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﻴﺔ ﺳﺒﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‪ :‬ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.40‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ )‪ ،(1‬ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ )‪ (2‬ﻭﰲ ﺃﻱ‬
‫ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ )‪ .(3‬ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﲤﻨﺢ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﱂ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﻖ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ )‪.(4‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؟‬

‫ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ‬ ‫‪.41‬‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺃ( ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ؛‬
‫ﺏ( ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﻄﻠﺐ؛‬
‫ﺝ( ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺰﻋﻮﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻧﻪ ﻋﺎﱏ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ؛‬
‫ﺿﺎ ﻣﻮﺟ ‪‬ﺰﺍ ﻟﻠﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳊﻖ ﺑﻪ؛‬‫ﺩ( ﻋﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﻩ( ﻭﺃﻱ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺆﻳﺪﺓ ﻟﻄﻠﺒﻪ‪.‬‬

‫‪‬ﺪﻑ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻮﻯ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳ‪‬ﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﻣﻞﺀ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫‪.42‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﻓﺮﻫﺎ ﻟﻪ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﻨﺎ ًﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻃﻠﺒﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ‪www.stl-tsl.org :‬‬

‫ﻭﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﳚﻮﺯ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ‬ ‫‪.43‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻏﺐ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

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‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺎ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ؟‬
‫ﳚﺐ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺈﺣﺪﻯ ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﲰﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.44‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺜﻼﺙ ﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻧﺴﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .3‬ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﰲ‬

‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﺳﺤﺒﻪ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ ،86‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺃﻟﻒ( ﻭﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 87‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬

‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻘﺪﻡ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻪ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ‬ ‫‪.45‬‬

‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .4‬ﻫﻞ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﺄﻧﻒ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﻓﺾ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻪ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ ،86‬ﺍﻟﻔﻘﺮﺓ )ﺩﺍﻝ( ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﳌﻤﺜﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﻄﻌﻦ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺭﻓﺾ ﻃﻠﺐ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ‬ ‫‪.46‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﻳﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻬﻠﺔ ﺳﺒﻌﺔ ﺃﻳﺎﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﺃ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

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 ‫ﺗﺎﺳﻌ‪‬ﺎ‪ .‬ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ‬

‫ﺗﺘﻄﻠﺐ ﻣﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻹﺭﻫﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﳏﺎﻛﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ‬ ‫‪.47‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻳﺔ ﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎﺀﻫﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺜﻮﻝ ﺃﻣﺎﻣﻬﺎ )‪ .(1‬ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﺸﺌﺖ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ )‪.(2‬‬

‫‪ .1‬ﻛﻴﻒ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ؟ )ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺩ ‪ 50‬ﻭ‪ 93‬ﻭ‪ 115‬ﻭ‪ 116‬ﻭ‪124‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬
‫ﺗﻨﺺ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻧﻪ ﳚﻮﺯ ﻟﻘﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻳﺔ ﻭﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫‪.48‬‬
‫ﻭﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﲣﺎﺫ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺇﻓﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﻭﺑﻌﺪﻫﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.49‬‬

‫)ﺃ( ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺣﲔ ﻧﻘﻠﻪ ﺇﱃ ﻋﻬﺪﺓ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ؛‬
‫)ﺏ( ﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻠﻔﺰﺓ؛‬
‫)ﺝ( ﻋﻘﺪ ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺮﻳﺔ؛‬
‫)ﺩ( ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ؛‬
‫)ﻩ( ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﻫﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺩﻭﻟﺔ ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺔ؛‬
‫)ﻭ( ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ ﺑﺎﻹﻓﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ ﻋﻦ ﻫﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳉﻤﻬﻮﺭ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺘﻬﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪ .2‬ﻣﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ؟ )ﺍﳌﺎﺩﺓ ‪ 50‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ(‬

‫ﻳﻀﻢ ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﱃ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﲔ‬ ‫‪.50‬‬
‫ﺍﺛﻨﺘﲔ‪:‬‬

‫ﺃ( ﺻﻴﺎﻏﺔ ﺍﳋﻄﻂ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲝﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﻳﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻬﻮﺩ؛‬

‫ﺏ( ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﻛﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﺍﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻤﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﲨﺔ ﺭﲰﻴﺔ – ﺍﶈﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻠﺒﻨﺎﻥ‬

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