Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Submitted to:
Sir Ahsan Khawaja
Submitted by:
Date: 7 / 1 / 2011
INTRODUCTION
LTE stands for long term evolution. LTE mobile communication systems have been
deployed as a natural evolution of GSM (Global system for mobile communications) and
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System).LTE can be considered as the
advancement in the mobile broadband.When we talk about the advancement we mean the
high data rate i.e high uplink and downlink. LTE-Advanced (also known as LTE Release
10) significantly enhances the existing LTE Release 8 and supports much higher peak
rates, higher throughput and coverage and lower latencies resulting in a better user
experience. Additionally, LTE Release 10 will support heterogeneous deployments where
low-power nodes comprising picocells, femtocells, relays, remote radio heads, and
so on are placed in a macrocell layout.
Uplink-75Mbps Uplink-500Mbps
Downlink-300Mbps Downlink-1Gbps
LTE-ADVANCED has:
CARRIER AGGREGATION
To transmit the data on the multiple sub-bands contiguously located by using single RF
transmitter and one BB processing (single large FFT). Lager bandwidth than 20MHz can
be supported by the carrier aggregation.this LTE-A is supported via carrier aggregation.
Carrier aggregation allows deployment bandwidths of up to100 MHz, enabling peak
target data rates in excess of 1 Gb/s in the DL and 500 Mb/s in the UL to be achieved.
Two or more component carriers are aggregated to support wider transmission
bandwidths up to 100 MHz. Spectrum deployment can be either contiguous or non-
contiguous.
OFDM
OFDM is a combination of both modulation and multiplexing. Unlike general
multiplexing technique it is applied to only one independent channel, where a set of
signals from the same source is divided or spitted into a number of independent channels
(sub-set of the main signals) and each modulated by separate carrier, and then
multiplexed into an OFDM signal for transmission. Each independent sub-set channel can
be multiplexed either by frequency or code division multiplexing.
SC-FDMA IMPLEMENTAION
In the UL, single-carrier frequency-division multiplexing (SC-FDM) is
implemented via discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-
SOFDM). DFT-S-OFDM has similar numerology to the OFDM
transmission scheme used on the DL, with the main difference being
that the constellation symbols are DFT precoded before mapping to the
different subcarriers. The DFT precoding operation is performed to
reduce the cubic metric (CM) of the signal, leading to higher maximum
transmit power. This CM reduction may be used to improve cell edge
coverage and conserve UE battery life.
UE IMPLEMENTATION
SC-FDMA using DFT-S-OFDM is the PHY access scheme
in the UL. With carrier aggregation, N × SC-FDMA, which
is conceptually analogous to parallel SC-FDMA transmitters
is used. In this case N DFT-inverse fast Fourier transform
(IFFT) pairs are required to implement carrier aggregation in
the UL. A block diagram of the UL demonstrating N × SC-
FDMA for N = 2 is shown in Fig..One potential issue with
carrier aggregation is the limitation on the UE’s transmission
power. As a result, for FDD it is expected that two
component carriers supporting aggregated bandwidth of 40
MHz may be the most practical scenario. For TDD,
however, up to 100 MHz must be supported based on the DL bandwidth. UE has ability
to simultaneously transmit both the physical uplink shared channel and physical uplink
control channel
POWER EFFICIENCY
Micro- Sleep MODE: This mode allows the UE to turn off its power amplifier after
determining that there is no data to be received in its sub frame. This lowers power
consumption of the UE hence enhancing its battery life.The time-division multiplexing
(TDM) structure between control and data enables micro-sleep to be implemented in the
user equipment (UE, same as a mobile or a
user)
TARGETS:
LTE-Advanced extends LTE Release 8 with support for relaying in order to enhance
coverage and capacity. In the case of relaying, the UEs communicate with the relay node
which in turn communicates with a donor eNodeB also called anchor eNodeB. The relay
node is wirelessly connected to the donor cell of a donor eNodeB via the Un interface,
and UEs connect to the relay station via the Uu interface as shown in Figure.The (anchor)
eNodeB may, in addition to serving one or several relays, also communicate with non-
relayed UEs directly according to the Release 8 specifications.
UE(RFICs) BLOCK DIAGRAM
References:
• http://urgentcomm.com/mag/radio_moving_front_pack/
• http://hubpages.com/hub/mimo-ofdm
• http://www.rohde-schwarz.com/technology/lte
• http://www.mwjournal.com/search/article.asp?HH_ID=AR_8778
• “LTE-ADVANCED: NEXT-GENERATION WIRELESS BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY” AMITAVA
GHOSH, RAPEEPAT RATASUK, BISHWARUP MONDAL, NITIN MANGALVEDHE, AND TIM
THOMAS, MOTOROLA INC.
• Motorola, “DFTS-OFDM Extension for LTE-A,” 3GPP doc. R1-084422, RAN1, mtg. #55, Prague, Czech
Republic, Nov. 2008; ftp://ftp.3gpp.org
• ITU-R Rep. M.2135, “Guidelines for Evaluation of Radio Interface Technologies for IMT-Advanced,” 2008.