JAL - Water for Life!

Water Solutions to change lives of millions

Jane Miller
Kyriakos Anastasopoulos
Himanshu Chandra
Priya Sharma
Parth Vora
Krishna Uppuluri
Devanik Saha
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 Executive Summary

Mission Many say that water is not just
Objectives made up of two hydrogen atoms
and one oxygen atom but it has
2.0 Team Member Profiles and Qualifications something magical in it that
Outline of team member backgrounds has led to the existence of
human life on Earth.
3.0 Design Process
JAL IS HERE TO PROVIDE
4.0 Background THIS MAGIC IN ITS PUREST
FORM
5.0 Market Analysis Summary
Market Demographics
Market Segmentation Strategy

6.0 JAL
Desalination
Distribution
Organizational Structure

7.0 Strategy and Implementation

8.0 Competitive Analysis Special Acknowledgements

Tanker trucks
Government taps Acara Challenge Managers
Reverse Osmosis Systems Raman Shrivastava
Tata Swach Filter
Sharath Mulamalla

9.0 Threats Anilkumar Ramsesh

Inability to pay Team Mentors
Community acceptance Rajeevnath V
Varun Gupta
10.0 Opportunities
Expansion Amy Sprague
Community Municipality Faculty
Linda Pulik
Appendices
Appendix-A Financial Plan Karthikeyan S
Appendix-B Research Raed Elaydi
Appendix-C Cost & Quotes
Appendix-D Technical Design Acara Institute
Appendix-E Technical Calculations

The best way to
understand people is
by listening to them -
This is something we
took to heart when we
started JAL now let’s
listen to what people
have to say about us!
"I can see that this project
can bring substantial social
change in the Indian rural
sector and it would give
tough competition to the
existing commercial
suppliers too. I would be
glad to extend any kind of
help if required."
MR. SATISH CHANDRA
I.A.S.
Joint Secretary
Ministry of Chemicals &
Fertilizers
Department of Fertilizers
Government of India
1 JAL – Water for Life
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
COMPANY OVERVIEW the company resulting in the creation of a
community based enterprise.
JAL is a water purification and
distribution company that uses a single
PRODUCTS/SERVICES
basin solar still along with a basic UV JAL incorporates both products and
system to desalinate and purify 100,000 services into its business model. JAL’s
liters of water a day. The company looks services include the purification and
to address the issues of the supply of delivery of water to both villagers and
unhygienic water to rural communities, local businesses, while JAL’s product is a
and affordability to the local consumer. simple water dispensing unit created to
By addressing these issues JAL will make avoid sanitation issues in the exchange of
it feasible for even the most impoverished the water bottles. The unit will be given
to receive clean water. JAL has a two part to the customer at the beginning in
exchange for a subscription fee.
mission; to provide economical and
sustainable high quality drinking water
TARGET MARKET
with a hassle free distribution system; and
Each JAL purification system will supply
in the long run, to unite and develop
communities using a predetermined water to roughly 2200 homes as well as
200 local businesses allowing in a daily
framework model to promote
community empowerment resulting in return of approximately INR 31,000
(USD 700). At first JAL's target area will
a self sustainable community ecosystem.
JAL will achieve its mission through the consist of local businesses and
implementation of a three phase ten year households in and around the rural areas
strategy over the course of which the of Vellore, (in Tamil Nadu). As the
community will obtain full ownership of company further establishes itself it will
then expand to other areas in India.
 MISSION
JAL has a two part mission:
 To provide economical and sustainable high
quality drinking water with a hassle free
distribution system.
 To unite and develop communities using a
predetermined framework model focusing on the
promotion of community empowerment, resulting
in a self sustainable community ecosystem.
OBJECTIVES
Primary:
Water Purification, Community Development
Secondary:
2. TEAM MEMBER
PROFILES
Team JAL is comprised of students from
the University of Illinois at Chicago, USA and the
Vellore Institute of Technology at Vellore, India,
studying various disciplines including business,
design, and engineering. Due to the diverse
expertise within the team, JAL has been able to
develop a dynamic and informed solution to the
current water crisis.

Health, Community Empowerment,

Development of a Sustainable Framework

Name Qualifications Areas of Expertise

Background in Industrial Design Design Process & Human

Jane Miller
UIC Chicago, USA. Resource Management
Bachelors in Finance
Technical Design & Human
Kyriakos Anastasopoulos Minor in Entrepreneurship
Resource Management
UIC Chicago, USA.
Bachelors in Electronics &
Technical Design &
Himanshu Chandra Communication Engineering
Strategic Management
VIT University, Vellore, India.
Bachelors in Bio Medical
Technical Design & Community
Priya Sharma Engineering
Behavioral Research
VIT University, Vellore, India.
Bachelors in Mechanical Thermodynamic Heat Exchange
Parth Vora Engineering Systems
VIT University, Vellore, India. Project Management
Bachelors in Chemical
Process Design and Chemical
Krishna Uppuluri Engineering
Processes
VIT University, Vellore, India.
Bachelors in Electronics &
Electrical Technology and
Devanik Saha Communication Engineering
Marketing
VIT University, Vellore, India.

3 JAL – Water for Life

 distribute untreated ground water. However, this
3. DESIGN PROCESS water can be contaminated and contains a high salt
content. In addition, the taps only run for two hours
The challenges of working in a multi-
every alternate day and are often located a great
discipline multi-country partnership were overcome
distance away from households therefore, making
through successful communication between team
the retrieval of water cumbersome and time
members. By striving to understand differences in
consuming. Businesses do exist which provide
culture and education practices as well as establishing
regular communication, we were able to work
together in an efficient and cohesive manner. A team
protocol was agreed upon in the beginning to establish
expectations and ensure that all team members
understood what their contribution would be. The VIT
students made multiple field visits and conveyed the
information they gathered through photos, videos, and
written descriptions in order to inform their teammates
in Chicago of the current conditions in Tamil Nadu.
Often, this information was also communicated
through video conferencing between the teammates.
By gaining a comprehensive perspective of the drinking water to the villages through large tanker
problem existing in the area we were able to formulate trucks or carts. However, these vendors sell their
an effective solution. water at a price which is too costly for all to afford.
Therefore, for countless individuals, the only source

4. BACKGROUND of drinking water available is the contaminated

Tamil Nadu is the seventh most populous state and the
fifth largest contributor to the GDP of India. Despite
its urbanization and economic success, many
individuals continue to live in poverty and are unable
to afford even the essentials such as fresh drinking
water. Many individuals in areas surrounding Vellore
suffer from diseases as a result of drinking water
contaminated by effluent dumped into streams and
waterways by local tanneries. Even everyday activities
such as washing clothes and tending to crops can
expose individuals to these harmful chemicals causing
rashes and infection. Another source of water in these
areas comes through taps provided by the government
which
ground water and untreated underground water.
Through field research, it was found that tanneries
will no longer be leaking effluents into the water
supply as a result of a government mandate which
prohibits tanneries from disposing of their waste in
waterways. However, the ground water remains
polluted with numerous chemicals. As a result, JAL
decided that the most reliable and feasible water
source to treat would be the underground water
which can be acquired through bore wells.

3 JAL – Water for Life

 Commercial will encompass
the local businesses in the area; while domestic will
5. MARKET ANALYSIS
refer to the rural households. Each JAL solar
desalination and purification system is capable of
MARKET DEMOGRAPHICS
supplying water to roughly 200 businesses as well
Tamil Nadu has a population of over 62 million, about as 2200 homes.
27.5% (17.05 million) of which is considered to be
We believe that JAL’s strength lies
living below the poverty line. In this segment, the
in being able to supply water to both
average household size is 4 people with an average
markets.
income of roughly INR 3,000 monthly or about INR
100 a day (2USD). 75 % of the population is literate
and many are skilled workers who earn a daily wage. In other words roughly 10% of our customers will

In this area, women are the main caretakers of the be in the commercial market. The company will sell

household and normally carry the responsibility of to rural households at INR 5 per 20 liter bottle, and

retrieving the family’s water. As mentioned before to local businesses at INR 10 per 20 liter bottle

there are water sources for water in the area however while offering them a discount per container of INR

they are not a viable solution for the local villagers. 5 if they are willing to sponsor a
family’s water.

TARGET MARKET SEGMENTATION

For the purpose of the project, our
customers will be classified as either
commercial or

4 JAL – Water for Life

 6. JAL for solid particles. Once the water leaves the
control tank, it is channeled into the solar still,
JAL is highly reliant on its core where the desalination process occurs. The still will
technologies of a single basin be able to desalinate roughly 100,000 liters of water
"I am thoroughly
impressed! It solar still and UV purification a day. It will utilize the use of a vacuum pump to
seems like this system, as well as its highly
technology is create a vacuum within the system making it
affordable, efficient delivery system. proportionately more efficient to the drop in
accessible and
pressure. Unlike traditional solar stills, JAL’s
realistic! I believe
that this project CORE TECHNOLOGY system uses the concept of flash distillation to
would be a increase its efficiency. This concept works on the
gigantic part of Desalination
the solution to the The design of JAL’s basis that the boiling point of water drops at lower
water problem not pressures causing the water to flash into steam
only in India but desalination system was
around the world." formulated through a great deal instead of slowly evaporating. Another difference

of research on thermodynamic from the traditional design is that, JAL’s solar still
Mr. Bret Carr
Outreach/Virtual and heat transfer theory, as well also makes use of the latent heat within the system
Program Associate through the use of a copper absorber which heats
Ashoka Youth as modeling existing systems.
Venturesystem is made up of a level control
The desalination the water by convection. Traditional solar stills are

tank, solar still, storage tank, and a series of pumps. only 30 to 40 percent efficient due to heat losses

The first component in the system is the level control from the escape of radiation from the solar still

tank This tank serves two main functions, to control either through the glass, the atmosphere, or the

the level and the surface temperature of the water water. Although it is not possible for our still to

inside the still. In regard to size the tank is small have no heat losses we can expect a significant

measuring 70 cm by 1m by 1m, and has a capacity of increase in retention by making use of the latent

700 liters of water. The tank also serves the function heat in the system. Through use of both these

of acting as a sedimentation tank methods we expect an overall efficiency of 70 to 80

(conservative).

5 JAL – Water for Life

Purification
The second part JAL’s system is the
purification component. This part is
nothing more than a readymade water
storage tank with a UV light.
Research has shown that UV light
inactivates bacteria (by altering its
DNA not allowing for reproduction),
and is one of the best ways of
purifying water. The way this works
is by running a short ultraviolet
wavelength through the clear water
hitting and eradicating the bacteria.
This process works for any kind of
bacteria and virus including deadly
bacteria such as Ecoli and Cholera.
Once the water is treated it is then
sent to a storage tank from where it
will be distributed.
(Research that was conducted is
credited and cited in the appendices).
DISTRIBUTION
JAL’s distribution system consists
of the utilization of local
entrepreneurs to provide delivery
services. At first JAL will employ 5
delivery people, each distributing to
about 500 houses and businesses.
Their work and vehicle expenses
will be compensated with INR 400
(USD 9) a day. JAL will have no
part in the maintenance or cost of
6 JAL – Water for Life
delivery vehicles, each delivery if they decide to sponsor a family
person must provide their mode of that cannot afford it. The businesses
transportation independently. would pay the INR 10 for the
Deliveries will be made in 20L family a day but will receive a
canisters. This is necessary since discount to INR 5 per 20L can on
most commercial customers their water.
already. use these canisters and
have storage facilities designed ORGANIZATIONAL
specifically for such containers. STRUCTURE
Initially, the delivery person will
Unlike other companies, JAL is
arrive at the desalination plant in
unique in that it is entirely owned
the morning to have the canisters
by the community. The reason for
filled. Along the route, similar to
this is to fulfill its main goal of
the milkman concept, each house
creating a community run
will leave their empty water
enterprise. JAL will be run by local
canisters outside their door in the
village entrepreneurs and its
morning. When the delivery person
revenues will go into a community
arrives, he/she will exchange the
fund managed by the village
full canisters for the empty one,
leaders, which will be used for
continuing along the route in this
various projects within the
manner until all houses have been
community. In essence the
reached. The empty canisters will
community invests in its own
then be filled the following
development. In addition JAL will
morning and the system will
work with various NGOs to offer
continue in this manner. The In
services such as women’s self help
order To differentiate our services
groups as well as education and
JAL will have both basic as well as
health care.
a premium service models. Basic
referring to delivery of water once a
day at INR 5 and premium would
refer to getting water whenever the
customer wishes however at a
higher price. JAL will also give the
local businesses a type of coupon
providing a discount on their water
7. STRATEGY AND
IMPLEMENTATION
JAL will achieve its goals through
the implementation of a three phase
system. Throughout phases one and
two it will focus on the desalination
and distribution of water while also
developing a community central
fund. In the last phase ownership
will be transferred to the community
and it is our hope that JAL will
develop into a type of central bank
for the community working with the
revenues of the company.
PHASE 1
The first phase taking from one to
two years will be the initial test
phase (Pilot phase) focusing on the
desalination and distribution of
for various community projects.
The second phase would
also consist of construction of a
self sufficient infrastructure for
providing water along with
beginning development of a
community center. Realizing that
the cost of this is somewhat higher “JAL has solved our
than the initial plan, we can problems, we had great
amortize it over a period of years. difficulty in procuring the
At the end of this phase our goal is water otherwise. The water
that JAL will act as a community
we drank earlier was very
based municipality. This phase is
bad it was mostly salty, now
expected to take around 2 to 5
the water quality is
years.
excellent.”
MRS. PRIYA
Local Villager
PHASE 3
Subscribed JAL’s water
At this point our main goal is
community development. This
phase will include the community

water along with the creation of a fund evolving into a communal

community fund. In this stage, we economic system. A municipal

will outline basic insights bond will be introduced. In

concerning interaction with the
community and develop a
marketing framework focusing on
basic needs such as water, health,
and empowerment.
PHASE 2
Once JAL has established itself and
gained trust in the community, the
community fund will be further
developed and will start being used
6 JAL – Water for Life
exchange for investment the bond
holder will get a specified return
down the line. The introduction
of this bond will allow the
community to gain additional
funds for community projects
therefore fostering community
development. This phase should
take five to ten years. The goal is
that at the end of this phase the
community will be completely
self sustained in regards to water
as well as economically.
“Earlier we used to buy these
cans from outside at INR 30
per can, now we are getting
these cans from you at INR
15, this is very good. I used to
spend INR 150 daily, now I
am spending only INR 75.”
MR. FIROZ
Local Business Owner
(Commercial Customer)
8. COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
JAL has four main competitors: the existing tanker
truck business, government municipal taps, reverse
osmosis systems, and point of use filtration devices
(swatch filter). JAL will create added value for the
consumer by outlining the drawbacks of these
methods of obtaining water.
MUNICIPAL TAPS
The main source of water in this area is the
government taps. These taps only run for a couple
hours at a time. Many villagers travel a great
distance to reach these taps and wait in long lines to
receive water. It is possible that due to the long
lines one may not receive any water. In addition,
the water is saline groundwater and just like the

TANKER DISTRIBUTORS tanker trucks is not treated, therefore also posing

additional problems for those who drink it. JAL’s
One of the main issues That JAL is trying to address is
service model addresses these issues by
the quality of water being supplied. Around Tamil
guaranteeing that the customer will receive clean,
Nadu there are a number of water tankers that deliver
fresh water as well as adding a convenience
saline and unhygienic water to the community. These
component.
tankers carry roughly 5,000 liters of water and
distribute it in villages upon the request of the
Panchayat. They are usually used in a time of water
shortage however they also exist as a business
supplying water at INR 30 which is not easily
affordable to the local community. JAL looks to
address these issues by providing clean, desalinated
water at INR 5 per 20 liter can.

7 JAL – Water for Life

REVERSE OSMOSIS SYSTEMS TATA SWACH FILTER
A system that is commonly used in the desalination of The TATA Swach is a new filter that has just been
water is an RO system. These by running unpurified introduced in the BOP market. It was first used in
water through a type of filter membrane in order to the Tsunami relief efforts and is now being
remove salt and other substances. These systems marketed to the rest of the population. The Price for
however have two distinct drawbacks. Water the swatch is INR 999 (UDS 22). Tata is marketing
purification is dependent on the solute concentration the product as costing INR 30 a month per family.
and pressure. This means that depending on these For this reason it can be considered a worthy
parameters the output competitor to JAL.
JAL’s strength is that its Core technology
can be more or less However, just like
requires no replacement parts and can
than what is predicted. purify a larger volume of water solely the Reverse Osmosis
A Reverse Osmosis with the use of the Sun! system the swach
system’s main drawback filter also has its
however is the periodic replacement of the membrane drawbacks. The filter works with a bulb-like water
used to filter the water. As this is costly and makes it purifier made up of rice husk ash and nanosilver
undesirable on a major scale. JAL’s main strength over particles which need to be replaced approximately
this system is that its core technology requires no after purifying 3000 liters of water. In addition,
replacement parts and can purify a larger volume of even though the swach filter is able to purify water
water. unlike the solar still it is not able to desalinate it,
therefore not effectively addressing the main issue
seeing as how the underground water (the largest
source of water) is saline.

8 JAL – Water for Life


9. THREATS
Every new opportunity is accompanied by threats.
In our business model, which stands on the basis of
offering purified water at low cost, the foreseeable
threats are: inability of the villagers to pay,
government policies, and community acceptance.
INABILITY TO PAY
Since JAL is targeting the BOP market, we expect
there will be instances where people will not be
able to pay for water due to unforeseen
circumstances. To overcome this, JAL is proposing
the use of a sliding scale revenue model wherein if
one is not able to pay he can either pay more the
next day or provide some other service to the
community. As the project progresses into
succeeding phases this will become less of a
problem since the community fund is going to be
used to pay for the services.
COMMUNITY ACCEPTANCE
Through our research we have found that most
businesses in the BOP fail due to the fact that they
are not properly integrated into the community.
This is due either to the fact that they fail to meet
the demands of the people or fail to consider the
cultural perspective. JAL will overcome this by
working with the community in all parts of the
project as well as allowing the community to have
full ownership over it in the end.
DEPENDENCE ON FUEL PRICES FOR
DELIVERY
9 JAL – Water for Life
One of the biggest threats JAL has is that its
delivery system uses an auto rickshaw to distribute
the water. Although JAL has received confirmation
from its delivery workers that their daily prices
will not change, we believe that this might not be
entirely true do to shortage periods of fuel. This
not only will affect JAL’s distribution prices it will
also make it more difficult to supply the residents
with the water needed. One way we are looking to
address this issue is by having local entrepreneurs
using bicycles or other forms of transport to
distribute the water.
10. OPPORTUNITIES
EXPANSION
One opportunity that JAL has is to set up systems
in other local communities. This will most likely
be done within the second phase of the system
after the company has recovered the initial
investment and seen positive returns.
COMMUNITY MUNICIPALITY
In addition to expansion the company also has the
option of continuing to develop the existing
community infrastructure, just like expansion this
would happen once the initial investment is
recovered. One option that we have is instead of
delivering the water we can set up an infrastructure
to get the water to the villager’s homes or at least
nearer than the existing municipal taps. This will
eliminate the need for delivery, cutting our costs
proportionately. In this scenario the community
will pay a general average rather than each
individual.
APPENDIX A: FINANCIAL PLAN
The following plan outlines the financial development of JAL. The business will be initially
financed by a little over INR 15,238,680 (USD 344,000) investment, and will recover this amount
within 20 month (1.8 year) of operation.

IMPORTANT ASSUMPTIONS

The financial projections for JAL are based on the following assumptions. These assumptions
are thought to be quite conservative, as are the financial forecasts. As seen below, our Daily Operating
costs are INR 3,500 based on the use of 5 service workers and INR 1,000 Daily for energy. Our sales
are INR 31,000 giving us a daily profit of INR 27,500.

Total Investment Cost

Solar still In INR
450,000
Bore well
In addition INR 6,000 fee will be taken out
Land
6,000,000
monthly for the cost of the two staff workers.
Solar still (raw Materials) 5,556,000.
tax rate 12.5% 695,000

Transportation costs 1,000,000

Labor 522,680 Total Operating Cost per Day

Government Registration 200,000 Expenditures In INR
Utilities 1,000
Miscellaneous 500,000
Delivery services 2,000
Total Cost of Solar Still
14,923,680.00
Miscellaneous 500
Total Operating costs 3,500
bottles (at 1.5X) 315,000

Total initial investment

15,238,680.00

Sales Assumptions (Daily)

Customers # of Customers Bottles/Customer Price/Bottle Sales
Commercial 200 10 INR 10 INR20,000
Residential 2,200 1 INR 5 INR11,000
Total 2,400 4,200 - INR 31,000

10 JAL – Water for Life

BREAK-EVEN ANALYSIS
Our initial investment of INR 15,238,680. (USD 280K) will be recovered over the span of 20
months or 1.8 years. The break-even analysis is based on the initial assumptions above.

YEARLY CASH FLOWS

The cash flows projections of JAL for its first three years in operation are recorded in the table
below. These Cash flows are based on the Initial sales and cost assumptions above. As can be seen at the end
of the third year, (considering the initial investment of INR 15,238,680, JAL receives a return of
approximately INR 12,265,320 (USD 277,000) or a 80% return.

3 Year Cash Flow (In INR) Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

CASH RECEIPTS

Cash sales (households) 2200 @ 1 can @ INR5 3,696,000 3,696,000 INR 3,696,000

cash sales (businesses) 200 @ 10 cans @ 6,720,000 6,720,000 6,720,000

Rs10

TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS 10,416,000 13,776,000 13,776,000

CASH PAID OUT in Rs

Delivery services (5) 672,000 672,000 672,000

staff fee (2 ) 72,000 72,000 72,000

Utilities 372,000 372,000 372,000

Other expenses (supplies) 168,000 168,000 168,000

TOTAL CASH PAID OUT 1,248,000 1,248,000 1,248,000

Cash Position (end of Year) Rs 9,168,000 9,168,000 9,168,000

Cash on hand 9,168,000 18,336,000 27,504,000

-6,070,680 3,097,320 12,265,320

Overall position in INR ( initially -15,238,680)
(USD -137,113) (USD 69,956) (USD 277,025)

11 JAL – Water for Life

RISK AND RETURN
Our only risk in the venture is our initial investment of INR 15,238,680.00 (USD 280,000). Our business
model states that INR 15,238,680 will be needed in setting up the solar still. In comparison to the initial
investment return over the first two years will be roughly ten million rupees thus recovering the initial
investment in a little less than two years.

SCENARIOS

The following are the best, normal, and worse case scenarios for JAL’s operating yearly operating profit.
They are based on whether or not the businesses will choose the sponsor option to receive their water at
INR 5 . The first scenario assumes all businesses are willing to utilize the sponsorship, the second that half
are willing and the third that none are willing.

3 Year Cash Flow best normal Worst

CASH RECEIPTS in Rs
cash sales (households) 2200 3,696,000 3,696,000 3,696,000
@ 1 can @ Rs5
cash sales (businesses) 200 @ 6,720,000 5,040,000 3,360,000
10 cans @ Rs10
TOTAL CASH RECEIPTS 10,416,000 8,736,000 7,056,000

CASH PAID OUT in Rs

Delivery services (5) 672,000 672,001 672,002
Purchases (supplies & 1,344,001 1,344,001 1,344,001
miscellaneous)
staff fee (2 ) 72,000 72,000 72,000
Utilities 372,000 372,000 372,000
Other expenses (supplies) 168,000 168,000 168,000
TOTAL CASH PAID OUT 1,284,000 1,284,000 1,284,000

Cash Position (end of Year) 9,132,000 7,452,000 5,772,000

Rs

APPENDIX- B: RESEARCH
1. “Lockheed Martin Conceptual design of a 50MGD Desalination plant”, Stewart L Udall
2. “Large Scale Desalting A Study in the Engineering Economics of Regional Development”, Paul W.
MacAvoy, 1969 Praeger Publishers
3. Solar Distillation, M A S Malik, 1982 Pergamon Press
http://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humi
dification.htm

4. http://www.globalwarmingsolutions.co.uk/large_scale_solar_desalination_using_multi_effect_humid
ification.htm

12 JAL – Water for Life

 APPENDIX-C: COST & QUOTES

Description Quantity Unit Rate INR Amount INR Amount $ Quote Given By
Readymade
Copper Mr. Dhana Vel, Solar Absorber
Absorber Square Manufacturers dhanaksi@gmail.com
4by16 800 Meter 1,250.00 1,000,000.00 22,586.11
Square Local Enquiry at Ranipet, Tamil Nadu,
Land 1000 Meter 6,000.00 6,000,000.00 135,516.66 INDIA
Pump 3hp 3 nos 27,459.81 82,379.43 1,860.63
Main Drain
(18"X18") 2 nos 4,258.55 8,517.10 192.37
Adjustable 2"
Floor Inlet 20 nos 782.46 15,649.20 353.45
Vacuum Point 4 nos 453.60 1,814.40 40.98 http://www.swimmingpoolquotes.in/pool-
Overflow Running prices.html
Grating 360 Foot 292.50 105,300.00 2,378.32
SS Vacuum
Head 24" 1 nos 11,192.39 11,192.39 252.79
Vacuum Hose
38mm-12m 4 nos 3,399.10 13,596.40 307.09
Concrete cost Square
for wall 756 Foot 50.00 37,800.00 853.75
Forming &
finishing labor Square RDC Concrete Chennai, Plot No. 2 / 129, S.
No. 55 / 4d1 Avdi Road,
for wall 756 Foot 30.00 22,680.00 512.25
Senneerkuppam, Poonamallee Taluk,
Reinforcement Square Thiruvallur District, Chennai - 600 056
cost 756 Foot 20.00 15,120.00 341.50
Square
Gravel Cost 756 Foot 10.00 7,560.00 170.75
Garuda Pumps, BMD BUSINESS CENTER,
2nd Floor, 39, Thirumalai Pillai Road, T.
Vacuum Pump 1 nos 200,000.00 200,000.00 4,517.22 Nagar, Chennai - 600 017.
Saint-Gobain Glass India, Parkway
Square Apartment, First Floor-MC, 600 008 -
Glass Dome 7650 Foot 500.00 3,825,000.00 86,391.87 Egmore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu INDIA
Miscellaneous
fitting & Labor 1 nos 500,000.00 500,000.00 11,293.05
Bore Well 1 nos 450,000.00 450,000.00 10,163.75
PVC Pipes and AQUA Equipments,
fittings 50mm 300 meters 30.00 9,000.00 203.27 No.48,E.C.R.Road,Thiruvanmiyur, Chennai,
Stainless Steel Tamil Nadu, INDIA
Pipes 250 meters 70.00 17,500.00 395.26
Finolex Cables Ltd
Pioneer Sudarshan Plaza, 3rd floor,
No.9 Mohan Kumaramangalam Road,
Off Nungambakkam High Road,
Electrical Chennai - 600 034
Supplies 1 nos 25,000.00 25,000.00 564.65 Tamilnadu
City Pet Bottles
Water Cans Address: No. 11, Opposite To R C
for Appartments, Kamarajar Salai,
distribution 6300 nos 50.00 315,000.00 7,114.62 Kodungaiyur, Chennai - 600 118, India
SINTEX INDUSTRIES LIMITED
Input Buffer
Plastic Division
Tank 1 nos 25,000.00 25,000.00 564.65 KALOL (N. GUJARAT) 382 721. INDIA
Level Control Phone: 253500, Fax: (02764) 253800
Tank 1 nos 5,000.00 5,000.00 112.93 Email: plastic@sintex.co.in

13 JAL – Water for Life

Output
Storage Tank 1 nos 100,000.00 100,000.00 2,258.61
www.chemtronicsindia.com, |28, satyam
UV Treatment Industrial Estate, Subhash Road,
System 1 nos 50,000.00 50,000.00 1,129.31 Jogeshwari (East). Mumbai 400 060
Government
Registration 1 200,000.00 200,000.00 4,517.22
TOTALS 13,043,108.92 294,593.09

APPENDIX- D: TECHNICAL DESIGN

APPENDIX-E: TECHNICAL CALCULATION

Output of Large Scale Solar Desalination Plant

Consider the desalination plant described above of dimensions 40M by 22M.

Area solar absorber l*b = 0.022 x 0.040 = 0.00088 km2
In Chennai average annualized insulation is 5.32 kwh/m2/day

Assuming 80% transmittance through glass and 90% efficiency solar absorber

Total solar energy absorbed

= 0.8 x 0.9 x 0.000706858 x 106 x 5320 x 60 x 60
= 12.1344 x 1009 joules/day

Energy required to heat 1 gram water from ambient temperature to 50° C and to evaporate
= 30 + 540 calories
= 570 x 4.2 joules
= 2,400 joules
But if there is a gained output ratio of 20
Actual amount of energy consumed per gram water desalinated is 120 joules
Thus mass of water desalinated is
= (12.1344 x 1009 )/120 grams/day
= 1,01,121 liters/day

14 JAL – Water for Life