The Arab Academy for Science & Technology

School of Business

Study Paper in
Organizational General & Task
Environment

Provided to
Prof. Dr. Fathi A. El-Nadi

Provided by: Hisham Mohamed Abdel Wahab

Master of Business Administration
 Scope of the Study
The Electronic Signature Licensing Unit. I’m the manager of this unit. The
unit has the following tasks:-
1- Implementing the technical and security standards for bodies working
as Electronic Signature Service Providers which called in another term
Certificates Service Providers (CSP) for end users
2- Tracking the most recent technology in the field of Electronic
Signature
3- Putting the audit criteria for these CSPs .
4- Assess the operation of CSPs and security precautions to certify them
5- Providing the necessary technical experience to help in resolving
disputes
6- Awareness for Egypt Society about Electronic Signature: Definition,
Applications, Requirements…..etc. This awareness should include seminars,
training , media and publications, and pilot projects

Electronic Signature
Licensing Unit

Implementing Security Security Auditing and Awareness Providing Technical

Standards and tracking tech. Assessing CSPs Experience

Analyzing External Environment

The Electronic Signature Licensing Unit work is affected by many external environment
factors :
General environment such as:
- Soci-Cultural  most of Egyptians people don’t believe in discipline and
don’t follow security procedures

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 - Legal political  needing of regulating the use of electronic signature in our
daily functions
- Technological  need to track and use the most new technology in this field.
- World Wide Recognition the recognition of another countries to electronic
signature issued from CSPs bodies in Egypt.
Task environment such as:
- Customers  Our customers are the CSPs who will be assessed and audited by
our unit to be certified . also the end users who need the awareness
- Regulators  who will implement the necessary regulations to wide the use of
electronic signature between Egyptians people.

Electronic
Signature
Licensing
Unit

The most important factor which has the greatest influence:

I think that one of most important factors which will affect on the process of
the unit and achieving its objectives in Egypt, is SOCI-CULTURAL

Why?
As the nature of work is CSP is needing the following:-
o Very secure and trusted environment to provide the service of
Electronic Signature
o Following Accurate Procedures
o Documenting all actions and events

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 o Following discipline in every actions
o Indicating the tasks and responsibilities for every employee in accurate
matter
o Following the security procedures and rules , such as
 Not every one allowed to enter specific areas
 Employee and visitors must use badges
 No one allowed to install programs in the computers by
themselves

BUT The nature of Egyptian people which most of them :-

o Don’t trust in electronic documents and like to work using official
papers.
o Don’t believe in discipline
o Don’t like to be tied by a lot of rules and procedures
o Know many tricks and ways to work around discipline
o Are very clever to find bugs and holes in systems
o Are very affected by gossips and like to spread them
o Always find excuses to mistakes done in work.

The influence:
Because of the above negative facts, the work of Electronic Licensing Unit
will face troubles and difficulties, as well as the operation of the CSPs (which
considered our customers), as the following:-
- It will be hard to convince people to use electronic signature and trust on it,
and
- The CSPs will have difficulties to find market to their services, so it will be
not easy to spread the use of electronic signature (no market need), and
- Will takes long time and many effort to build the operation of CSP, and
- Will be hard to certify the CSPs and will cost time and money for both sides,
and
- The CSPs will face a lot of trials to break their operations and many attacks.
- Not many CSPs will apply
- Not many applications will be developed to use electronic signature

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 - The objective of the Electronic Signature Licensing unit will not be easily achieved

Solution:
To solve this challenge , we have to implement two plans with two different scopes
1- Long term plan  the scope is all Egyptian People
2- Short term plan  the scope is the CSPs and the unit operation

1) Long Term Plan

Duration 22 years

With cooperation with ministry of Education and ministry of high education. There
are very important subjects must be applied in all level of education years:-
1- Discipline
2- Team work
3- Security Concepts
4- Information Technology
5- Concept of Electronic world
6- Internet ethics
The above subjects must be educated in different way, using practical teams
exercises. And must be applied during the daily life of the student in his school. Many
measures should be taken during teaching these subjects to adjust them to the way at
which all students get the biggest benefits from it.

2) Short Term Plan

Duration : from now and during the process of the unit and CSP

This plan will have these directions:

1- Extensive Awareness among the people using :-
a. Training
b. Seminars
c. TV and newspapers
d. Publications to all gov. about electronic signature
e. Pilot projects in different sectors applying electronic signature
2- National Effort :-
a. Implementing National Security Committee
b. Implementing Egyptian Ethical Hacking Society
c. Implementing National Society for Security
d. Seminars
e. TV and newspapers
f. Publications to all gov. about electronic signature
g. Pilot projects in different sectors applying electronic signature
3- Working Around:-
a. Doubling the required security precautions
b. Trying as possible as can to avoid depending on human in the
process, and using instead systems for example

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 i. Cameras, instead of security guard
ii. Samrt Card access, instead of regular cards
iii. Automatic inspection of people instead of using badges
iv. Using biometric and eyes scan
c. Doubling the effort of the unit to audit the CSPs
d. Providing free services using electronic signature to build base
of customers and make the necessary awareness
e. Auditing by experts from outside, as Egyptian respect foreigner
experts