Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
15
The acceleration of point A is defined by the relation a = 200 x(1 + kx 2 ),
where a and x are expressed in m/s 2 and meters, respectively, and k is a
constant. Knowing that the velocity of A is 2.5 m/s when x = 0 and 5 m/s
when x = 0.15 m, determine the value of k.
SOLUTION
Use ( ) (
v dv = a dx = 200 x 1 + kx 2 dx = 200 x + 200kx3 dx )
Using the limits v = 2.5 m/s when x = 0,
5 0.15
v2 200 2 200 4
= x + kx
2 2.5 2 4 0
52 2.52
= (100 )( 0.15 ) + ( 50 ) k ( 0.15 )
2 4
−
2 2
SOLUTION
x − 0.5 =
1
2 ( 1− v 2
− 1 ) or x=
1
2
1 − v2 (1)
1
1 − ( −0.8 )
2
When v = −0.8 m/s, x= x = 0.300 m W
2
(b) Position when t = 0.2 s.
dv dv
From dv = a dt we get dt = =
a −2 1 − v 2
1 1
t − 0 = − sin −1 v − 0 t = − sin −1 v
2 2
Solving for v, v = sin ( −2t ) = − sin ( 2t )
1
1 − ( −0.38941)
2
Using equation (1), x= x = 0.461 m W
2
PROBLEM 11.35
v0
2 A truck travels 160 m in 8 s while being decelerated at a constant rate of
a = 0.5 m/s
0.5 m/s 2 . Determine (a) its initial velocity, (b) its final velocity, (c) the
distance traveled during the first 0.6 s.
SOLUTION
a = − 0.5 m/s2 x0 = 0
1 2
x = x0 + v0t + at
2
1 2
x − x0 − at f 160 − 0 − ( 0.5 )( −0.5 )( 8 )
2
v0 = 2 = v 0 = 22 m/s W
t 8
(b) At t = 8 s,
a fa f
v = v0 + at = 22 + - 0.5 8 v = 18 m/s W
(c) At t = 0.6 s,
a fa f 12 a-0.5fa0.6f
x = 0 + 22 0.6 +
2
x = 13.11 m W
PROBLEM 11.40
Two rockets are launched at a fireworks performance. Rocket A is
launched with an initial velocity υ0 and rocket B is launched 4 seconds
later with the same initial velocity. The two rockets are timed to explode
simultaneously at a height of 80 m, as A is falling and B is rising.
Assuming a constant acceleration g = 9.81 m/s 2 , determine (a) the initial
velocity υ0 , (b) the velocity of B relative to A at the time of the
explosion.
v0 v0
SOLUTION
Rocket B: x = 0, v = v0 , t = t B = 4 s
Velocities: Rocket A: v A = v0 − gt
Rocket B: vB = v0 − g ( t − t B )
1 2
Positions: Rocket A: x A = v0t − gt
2
1
Rocket B: xB = v0 ( t − tB ) − g ( t − tB ) ,
2
t ≥ tB
2
1 2 1 1 1
gt E = v0 ( t E − t B ) − g ( t E − t B ) = v0t E − v0t B − gt E2 + gt E tB − gtB2
2
v0t E −
2 2 2 2
gt B
Solving for v0 , v0 = gt E − (1)
2
gt 1 2xA
Then, when t = t E , x A = gt E − B t E − gt E2 , or t E2 − t Bt E − =0
2 2 g
Solving for t E , tE =
t B ± t B2 + ( 4 )(1) ( ) = 4±
2 xA
g
( 4 )2 + ( 4 )(1)( 2 )(80 )
9.81
= 6.507 s
2 2
PROBLEM 11.40 CONTINUED
At time t E , v A = v0 − gt E vB = v0 − g ( t E − t B )
SOLUTION
2vB + v A = 0 v A = −2vB
2v A + vC = 0 vC = −2v A
SOLUTION
Let x be position relative to upper support, positive downward.
Let d = value of x at lower support.
a A = 180 mm/s 2 , ( v A )0 =0
1
v B = ( vB ) 0 + a B t , xB − ( xB ) 0 = ( vB ) 0 t + aB t 2
2
2 xB − ( xB )0 − ( vB )0 t 2 −500 − ( −200 )( 2 )
aB = = = −50 mm/s 2 a B = 50 mm/s 2 W
t 2
( 2) 2
1 1
aC = ( aB + 2a A ) = ( −50 + ( 2 )(180 ) ) aC = 77.5 mm/s 2 W
4 4
(b) When vC = 0.
1 1
( vC )0 = ( vB ) + 2 ( v A ) = ( −200 + 0 ) = −50 mm/s
0 0
4 4
vC − ( vC )0 0 − ( −50 )
vC = ( vC )0 + aC t t = = t = 0.645 s W
aC 77.5
1 1
xC − ( xC )0 = ( vC )0 t + aBt 2 = ( −50 )( 0.645 ) + ( 77.5 )( 0.645 )
2
2 2