Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
7(67&2'(63(&
&$5,%%($1(;$0,1$7,216&281&,/
6(&21'$5<('8&$7,21&(57,),&$7(
(;$0,1$7,21
$'',7,21$/0$7+(0$7,&6
63(&,0(13$3(5
3DSHU±*HQHUDO3URILFLHQF\
PLQXWHV
5($'7+()2//2:,1*,16758&7,216&$5()8//<
7KLVSDSHUFRQVLVWVRILWHPV<RXZLOOKDYHPLQXWHVWRDQVZHUWKHP
,QDGGLWLRQWRWKLVWHVWERRNOHW\RXVKRXOGKDYHDQDQVZHUVKHHW
(DFKLWHPLQWKLVWHVWKDVIRXUVXJJHVWHGDQVZHUVOHWWHUHG$%&DQG'5HDGHDFK
LWHP\RXDUHDERXWWRDQVZHUDQGGHFLGHZKLFKFKRLFHLVEHVW
2Q\RXUDQVZHUVKHHWILQGWKHQXPEHUZKLFKFRUUHVSRQGVWR\RXULWHPDQGVKDGHWKHVSDFH
KDYLQJWKHVDPHOHWWHUDVWKHDQVZHU\RXKDYHFKRVHQ/RRNDWWKHVDPSOHLWHPEHORZ
6DPSOH,WHP
(YDOXDWH ЩІ
6DPSOH$QVZHU
$
%
$%&'
&
'!!
7KHEHVWDQVZHUWRWKLVLWHPLV³ ´VRDQVZHUVSDFH&KDVEHHQVKDGHG
,I\RXZDQWWRFKDQJH\RXUDQVZHUHUDVHLWFRPSOHWHO\EHIRUH\RXILOOLQ\RXUQHZFKRLFH
:KHQ\RXDUHWROGWREHJLQWXUQWKHSDJHDQGZRUNDVTXLFNO\DQGDVFDUHIXOO\DV
\RXFDQ,I\RXFDQQRWDQVZHUDQLWHPRPLWLWDQGJRRQWRWKHRQH<RXFDQUHWXUQ
ODWHUWRWKHLWHPRPLWWHG<RXVFRUHZLOOEHWKHQXPEHURIFRUUHFWDQVZHUVSURGXFHG
<RXPD\GRDQ\URXJKZRUNLQWKHERRNOHW
<RXPD\XVHDVLOHQWQRQSURJUDPPDEOHFDOFXODWRUWRDQVZHUTXHVWLRQV
63(&
*LYHQWKDWI[ [ [ [ N
7KHILUVWIRXUWHUPVRIDFRQYHUJHQW*3LV
DQGWKDW[±LVDIDFWRURII[WKHQNLV JLYHQE\7KHVXPWRLQILQLW\
HTXDOWR RIWKLV*3LV
$ $
% %
& &
' '
DEFEDFLVHTXDOWR *LYHQWKDW u [ [ WKHYDOXHRI
[LV
$ DFE
% DEF $
& FDE
' FED
%
7KHYDOXHRI ¦ U LV &
U
$
% '
&
'
Q
u P LVHTXDOWR
$ WHDFKHU LOOXVWUDWHV $3¶V E\ FXWWLQJ D
OHQJWKRIVWULQJLQWRSLHFHVVRWKDWWKH Q
OHQJWKV RI WKH SLHFHV DUH LQ DULWKPHWLF $ P
SURJUHVVLRQ DQG WKH HQWLUH OHQJWK RI WKH
VWULQJLVXVHGXSH[DFWO\,IWKHILUVWSLHFH % Q P
PHDVXUHV FP DQG WKH IRXUWK SLHFH
PHDVXUHV FP WKH WRWDO OHQJWK RI WKH & Q PQ
VWULQJLV
P
$ FP ' Q
% FP
& FP
' FP *LYHQWKDW ORJ [ ORJ [
WKHYDOXHRI[LV
7KHILUVWWHUPRID*3LVDQGWKHILIWK
WHUPLV*LYHQWKDWWKHFRPPRQUDWLRLV
$
SRVLWLYHWKHYDOXHRIWKHWKWHUPLV
$ %
%
&
&
'
'
7KHYDOXHRI )RU d [ d WKHPD[LPXPYDOXHRI
§·
ORJ ±ORJ ORJ ¨ ¸ LV [ DQGWKHYDOXHRI[IRU
© ¹ ZKLFK [ LVPD[LPXPDUH
$ UHVSHFWLYHO\
$ DQG
% DQG
%
& DQG
' DQG
&
'
I [ [ [ *LYHQWKDWI[LV
RQHWRRQHIRU[tNWKHYDOXHRINLV
7KHH[SUHVVLRQ ZKHQVLPSOLILHG
$
LVHTXDOWR
$
%
%
&
&
'
'
I[ [ [ %\FRPSOHWLQJ ,IDIXQFWLRQILVGHILQHGE\
[
WKHVTXDUHI[FDQEHH[SUHVVHGDV I[o [ z WKHQ I LV
[
[
$ HTXDOWR
$
[
%
[ %
&
[
' &
'
7KHURRWVRIWKHHTXDWLRQ[ ±[
DUH
$IXQFWLRQJLVGHILQHGE\J[ o [±
$ UHDODQGHTXDO ([SUHVVHGLQWHUPVRIDJDLV
% UHDODQGGLVWLQFW
& QRWUHDODQGHTXDO $ D
' QRWUHDODQGGLVWLQFW % D
& D
' D
63(&
)XQFWLRQVIDQGJDUHGHILQHGE\ 7KHFRRUGLQDWHVRIWKHSRLQWV$DQG%DUH
I [ o [ DQG DQG UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH
SHUSHQGLFXODU ELVHFWRU WR WKH OLQH $% LV
J[o [ z JLYHQE\WKHHTXDWLRQ
[
$ [±\
7KHFRPSRVLWHIXQFWLRQIJLVGHILQHGE\
% [\
$ IJ [ o [ z
[ & [\±
' [\±
% IJ [ o [ z
[
7KHOLQHV\[± DQG
& IJ [ o [ z
[ \[ LQWHUVHFWDWWKHSRLQW3
ZKHUHWKHFRRUGLQDWHVRI3DUH
' IJ [ o [ z $
[
%
&
'
7KHUDQJHRIYDOXHVIRUZKLFK
[ [ LV
7KHUDGLXVUDQGWKHFRRUGLQDWHVRIWKH
FHQWUH&RIWKHFLUFOHZLWKHTXDWLRQ
$ [
[ \ [ \ DUH
$ U &
% [
% U &
& [ DQG[ & U &
' U &
' [! DQG[!
,I WKH OHQJWK RI WKH YHFWRU S L NM LV
DQGNLVUHDOWKHQ
7KHYDOXHVRI[ZKLFKVDWLVI\WKH
[ , N
LQHTXDOLW\ ! DUH ,, N
[
,,, N
,9 N
$ [ ! DQG [ !
$ ,RU,,RQO\
% [! % ,RU,,,RQO\
& ,RU,9RQO\
' ,,RU,9RQO\
& [ RU [ !
' [ !
63(&
7KHYDOXHRIWKHUHDOQXPEHUWIRUZKLFK FRV$%FRV$%{
WKHWZRYHFWRUVD LWMDQGE LM
DUHSDUDOOHOLV $ VLQ$VLQ%
% VLQ$FRV%
$ & FRV$VLQ%
' FRV$FRV%
%
,IVLQT DQGTLVREWXVHWKHQFRVT
& LVHTXDOWR
'
$
7KHSRVLWLRQYHFWRUVRI$DQG%UHODWLYH
%
§ · §·
WRDQRULJLQ2DUH ¨¨ ¸¸ DQG ¨¨ ¸¸
© ¹ © ¹
UHVSHFWLYHO\7KHDFXWHDQJOH$2%LV
%
JLYHQE\
§ ·
$ FRV ¨ ¸ '
© ¹
§ · 7KHVPDOOHVWSRVLWLYHDQJOHIRUZKLFKWKH
% FRV ¨¨ ¸
¸
© u ¹ HTXDWLRQVLQTFRVT LV
S
§ · $
& FRV ¨¨
¸
¸
© ¹
S
%
§ ·
' FRV ¨¨ ¸¸
© ¹
S
&
7KHWULJRQRPHWULFDOH[SUHVVLRQ
VLQ [ FRV [ S
LVLGHQWLFDOWR '
FRV [ VLQ [
$
)RU d T d S VROXWLRQVIRUWKH
HTXDWLRQ VLQ T H[LVWLQ
%
FRV [ TXDGUDQWV
VLQ [ FRV [ $ DQG
& % DQG
FRV [ VLQ [ & DQG
' DQG
'
FRV [ VLQ [
63(&
§ S· [ G\
VLQ ¨ [ ¸ LVHTXDOWR *LYHQWKDW \ WKHQ
© ¹ [ G[
$ VLQ[
$
[ [
[
% FRV[
§ S· %
[ [
& FRV ¨ [ ¸ [
© ¹
' VLQ[S &
[ [
[
)RUZKLFKRIWKHIROORZLQJUDQJHVRI '
[ [
YDOXHVLVI[ FRV[YDOLG" [
$ d I [ d
% d I [ d 7KHFXUYH&LVJLYHQE\WKHHTXDWLRQ\
G\
& d I [ d VLQ[7KHYDOXHRI DWWKHSRLQW
' d I [ d G[
S
ZKHUH [ LV
)RU d [ d S WKHYDOXHVRI[ZKLFK
VDWLVI\WKHHTXDWLRQ
$
FRV [ VLQ [ DUH
S S
$ [ [ %
S
S &
% [ [
&
S S
& [ [
7KHSRLQW3OLHVRQWKHFXUYHZLWK
S S HTXDWLRQ \ [ [ 7KHHTXDWLRQRI
' [ [
WKHQRUPDOWRWKHFXUYHDWWKHSRLQW3LV
JLYHQE\
G\ $ \ [
*LYHQWKDW\ [ WKHQ
G[
% \ [
$ [
& \ [
[
%
& [
' \ [
' [
63(&
7KHFXUYH&LVJLYHQE\WKHHTXDWLRQ ,WHPUHIHUVWRWKHILJXUHEHORZ
\ [ 7KHVHFRQGGHULYDWLYH \
[
G \
LVJLYHQE\
G[
$
[
% 5
[
[
&
[
7KHILQLWHUHJLRQ5LVERXQGHGE\WKH\
D[LVWKH[D[LVDQGWKHDUFRIWKHFXUYH
'
[ \ [ DVVKRZQLQWKHILJXUH
DERYH7KHDUHDRI5LQVTXDUHXQLWVLV
7KHSRVLWLYHYDOXHRI]IRUZKLFK $
]
³[
G[ LV %
&
$
% '
&
'
7KHJUDGLHQWRIWKHWDQJHQWWRDFXUYH&DW
G\
[\LVJLYHQE\ 7KH
G[ [
FXUYHSDVVHVWKURXJKWKHSRLQW
§ ·
3 ¨ ¸ 7KHHTXDWLRQRIWKHFXUYH&
© ¹
LVJLYHQE\
$ \
[
% \
[
& \
[
' \
[
63(&
³ [
,WHPUHIHUVWRWKHILJXUHEHORZ
G[
\
ª º
$ «¬ [ »¼ &
ª º
% «¬ [ »¼ &
[
ª º
7KH ILQLWH UHJLRQ HQFORVHG E\ WKH
& «¬ [ »¼ &
FXUYH \ [ [ t WKH [D[LV DQG WKH
OLQH[ DVVKRZQLQWKHILJXUHDERYHLV ª º
URWDWHG FRPSOHWHO\ DERXW WKH [D[LV 7KH ' «¬ [ »¼ &
YROXPHRIWKHVROLGRIUHYROXWLRQIRUPHG
LVJLYHQE\
G\
$ ³ [ G[ *LYHQ
G[
VLQ [ FRV [ WKH
LQGHILQLWHLQWHJUDOLVJLYHQE\
% S ³ [ G[ $ \ FRV[±VLQ[&
% \ FRV[VLQ[&
& S ³ [ G[ & \ FRV[±VLQ[&
' \ FRV[VLQ[&
' S ³ [ G[
(1'2)7(67
63(&