Busuu A1 Notes

 Informal greetings: Hallo, Hi.

 Wie geht´s?: How is it going? (How are you).
 Gut, danke: Well, thanks.
 Freut mich: nice to meet you.
o reply: Freut mich auch.
 Tschüss: bye
o Auf wiedersehen: good bye.
 Guten Morgen/Morgen: good morning.
 Moin: northen german (Hallo)
o if you are chatty: Moin moin.
 Servus: Hi & bye in: southern Germany & Austria.
 Ms: Frau (Fr.), Mr.: Herr (Hr.)
 Guten Tag: formal (Hallo)
 Wien: Vienna.
 Wie bitte?: Pardon? (ask for repetition)
 Entschuldigung: sorry, excuse me.
 Mir geht`s gut. (It`s going well).
 Wie geht`s?: if you use it Germans will think that you are really interested in their wellbeing.
 Na: Well!, then!, Now!
 Es geht so: so so
 Mir geht´s schlecht: It´s going badly
 Mir geht´s gut. Und dir?: It´s going well. And you?
 Alles klar? All right?
 Bereit: ready. Los geht´s: Let´go
 Nouns are always capital
 Was machst du beruflich?: What do you do?
 zurzeit: at the moment
 gehen+in+location: used to talk about things we go to in our free time
 Gern geschehen: you are welcome
 possessive adjective: mein, possessive pronoun: meins
 the always accusative prepositions: bis, durch, für, gegen, ohne, um
 Only with unaccountable nouns: etwas, ein bisschen. With all nouns: viel, wenig, genug.
Used on their own: alles, nichts.
 Adverbs are written in lower case.
 sonntags restaurants & Cafés are opened but shops & supermarkets are closed.
 Wochenende sind Samstag & Sonntag.
 imperativ doesn´t change the vowel.
 usually the indirect object comes right after the verb (3rd position)
 examples of reflexive verbs: rasieren, schinken, beeilen, bürsten, waschen, putzen, öffnen,
geben,
 When we use vor/nach/um we can omit (Uhr)
 the always dative prepositions: aus, bei, mit, nach, von, seit, zu, außer, gegenüber.
 Months & seasons are masculine.
 Winter: 12,1,2. Frühling: 3,4,5. Sommer: 6,7,8. Herbst: 9,10,11.
 Reflexive pronouns can be direct or indirect object with or without using a reflexive verb in
the sentence.
 Mit freundlichen Grüßen: best regards (formal)
 Liebe Grüße: best regards (informal)
 dein/e: yours
 e-mail examples:
o formal:
 Sehr geerter Herr Müller, (komma)
 sie (lower case) können mich am Dienstag telefonisch erreichen.
 Mit freundlichen Grüßen,
 Josephine Kant
o informal:
 Liebe Oma,
 vielen Dank für das Geschenk.
 Liebe Grüße!
 Deine Josephine
 indirect object is only indirectly affected by the action, it:
o recieves the result of the action
o or describes where the action takes place
 ex: Wir sehen einen Film im Kino.
 ex: Wir gehen in eine Bar in einer kleinen Straße.
 Ex: Ich reserviere einen Tisch in einem Restaurant.

Busuu A2 Notes

 das Perfekt = present perfect tense

 We use “Perfekt” tense to talk about things happened in past especially when we refer to
specific time
o Two parts to form it:
 Haben/sein + PartizipII (past participle)
 Forming past tense “Perfekt”: S + haben/sein (in present time) + past participle (at the end
of the sentence)
 Verbs that use haben in the Perfekt tense: holen, machen, lernen, haben, arbeiten.
 To form the past participle of regular verbs: ge-verb stem-t
 Two main sentences we use to express opinion:
o Meiner Meinung nach…(In my opinion…)
 Can be in the middle of sentence.
o Ich bin der Meinung…(I am of the opinion…)
 Usually followed by subclause starting with (,dass…)
 Das Protokoll (minutes) führen (take): to take minutes
 Protokoll: minutes, transcript, record, protocol, log, report.
 We use the "Perfekt" to talk about things that happened in the past.
o We form this tense with the verbs: haben/sein in the present tense + Partizip II
(past participle) of the main verb.
 Most verbs that use "sein" in the "Perfekt" are irregular verbs that we use to talk about
o movement
o or "changes in state" (e.g. falling asleep).
 Irregular verbs with "sein" in the "Perfekt" tense : gehen, fahren, kommen, sein,…
 In the "Perfekt" tense, haben/sein comes after the subject, and the past participle of the
main verb is moved to the end of the sentence: Ich bin Studentin gewesen.
 Partizip II of irregular verbs: ge-verb stem-en. Vowel in the stem may also change.
o Infinitiv: gehen - Partizip II: gegangen
o Infinitiv: fahren - Partizip II: gefahren
o Infinitiv: kommen - Partizip II: gekommen
o Infinitiv: sein - Partizip II: gewesen
 We use the verb "haben" for most regular and irregular verbs. We use the verb "sein"
mostly for irregular verbs that describe a movement or changes in state.
 To express that people get on well, we use the verb "verstehen" with a reflexive pronoun.
o So the sentence "Sie verstehen sich gut!" (They're getting on well!) literally
means: They understand each other well.
 We already know how to form the "Perfekt" tense with regular and irregular verbs: we use
the verb "haben" or "sein" in the present tense and the "Partizip II" (past participle) of the
main verb.
 In this unit, we're going to learn how to form the "Perfekt" tense with
o mixed,
o separable
o and inseparable verbs.