Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Oil filled transformers are transformers filled with a highly refined mineral oil that is used to insulate
internal live parts of the transformer. The oil prevents corona and manages temperature control inside
the transformer for the prevention of equipment and machinery overheating during the operation of
large job applications. Because of the oil inside the transformer being of non-combustible properties,
these transformers are very safe and can operate machinery for long periods of time.
The features of an oil filled transformer design should depend greatly on the job application type and
its voltage power demands. Since oil filled transformers are usually used for larger applications.
Other types of transformers, such as dry-type transformers have high sound levels, but oil
filled transformers are much quieter due to the immersion of its mechanisms in liquid. This
results in less vibration as well. Oil filled transformers require low maintenance and are
quite environmentally friendly. When designed to meet standard electrical regulations, they
are very safe and will provide you with many years of dependable production.
One of the advantages of an oil filled transformer is that it can operate up to 30 percent more in an
overload condition than most other types of transformers. This is due to its internal high insulation
and temperature control properties. For large commercial loads, the advantage of using an oil filled
transformer can not only save monetarily, but provides a more effective source of electrical voltage
for the operation of valuable equipment. Over long periods of time, operation expense can be lowered
due to the effectiveness of an oil filled transformer. Also, there is less chance of production
breakdown, which eliminates high repair costs.
The oil inside the transformer acts as an insulator and a coolant providing a great
advantage when using an oil filled transformer. In the operation of large
applications, there is always a factor of over heating machinery and equipment
while in operation. The advantage of an oil filled transformer is that oil
circulates between the transformer and heat exchangers, which results in the
removal of high temperatures and power overloads. This results in better
performance of operation and eliminates breakdown of equipment. For commercial use, oil filled
transformers save greatly in energy consumption, which certainly lowers power expense. When
electrical power input is balanced and efficient, the longevity of machinery increases also adding to
the positive management of production costs.
Even though there is a great advantage in using oil filled transformers for the operation of large
equipment, they are usually installed outdoors in a regulated location that meets all electrical safety
standards and municipality codes. They are rarely installed indoors, and there are very strict
regulations that also must be met.
The transformer itself consists of two types of winding. The high voltage winding (3KV up to 36KV)
is vacuum cast into an insulating resin that completely seals it from the atmosphere. The low voltage
winding (up to 690V) is wound with a pre-impregnated insulating paper that is heat treated to bond the
coil together. These two windings are then placed concentrically on the legs of the transformers’
magnetic core.
Construction
The top limb of the core is replaced then the top bracket set
with the plastic clamping blocks are assembled to secure
the core and coils
HV Coil LV Coil Transformer Core
Advantages
No oil required
Low maintenance running costs
No requirement for oil spillage containment infrastructure
Disadvantages
Substations
Housing
Types
• Oil circuit breakers rely upon vaporization of some of the oil to blast a jet of oil through
the arc.
• Gas (SF6) circuit breakers sometimes stretch the arc using a magnetic field, and then
rely upon the dielectric strength of the SF6 to quench the stretched arc.
• Vacuum circuit breakers have minimal arcing (as there is nothing to ionize other than
the contact material), so the arc quenches when it is stretched a very small amount (<2–3 mm).
Vacuum circuit breakers are frequently used in modern medium-voltage switchgear to 35,000
volts.
• Air circuit breakers may use compressed air (puff) to blow out the arc, or alternatively,
the contacts are rapidly swung into a small sealed chamber, the escaping of the displaced air
thus blowing out the arc.
Circuit breakers are usually able to terminate all current flow very quickly: typically between 30 ms
and 150 ms depending upon the age and construction of the device.
A single line-up may incorporate several different types of devices, for example, air-insulated bus,
vacuum circuit breakers, and manually-operated switches may all exist in the same row of cubicles.
Ratings, design, specifications and details of switchgear are set by a multitude of standards. In North
America mostly IEEE and ANSI standards are used, much of the rest of the world uses IEC standards,
sometimes with local national derivatives or variations.
Functions
One of the basic functions of switchgear is protection, which is interruption of short-circuit and
overload fault currents while maintaining service to unaffected circuits. Switchgear also provides
isolation of circuits from power supplies. Switchgear is also used to enhance system availability by
allowing more than one source to feed a load.
Safety
To help ensure safe operation sequences of switchgear, trapped key interlocking provides predefined
scenarios of operation. For example, if only one of two sources of supply are permitted to be
connected at a given time, the interlock scheme may require that the first switch must be opened to
release a key that will allow closing the second switch. Complex schemes are possible.
Indoor switchgear can also be type tested for internal arc containment. This test is important for user
safety as modern switchgear is capable of switching large currents. ([1])
Switchgear is often inspected using thermal imaging to assess the state of the system and predict
failures before they occur.
245 kV circuit breaker in air insulated substation 420 kV gas insulated switchgear
• Features
• Options
• Photos
• Documents
• Specifications
• Ordering
• UDS Design Guide
The VTI Unitized Distribution Substation (UDS) is a versatile, proven and unique solution to
electrical power distribution problems in industrial plants and buildings with requirements that cannot
be met by the local power grid. The UDS is designed to provide electrical power distribution for
industrial plants, commercial buildings, instrument loads, outdoor lighting or any other general
purpose power distribution application. It is also used in typical Power Distribution Unit (PDU)
applications such as communication facilities and data centers.
One unit provides all the components necessary for distribution of electrical power in an
efficiently designed standalone enclosure, including a power distribution transformer, a current
limiting disconnect device in the transformer secondary, and a panelboard for individual branch circuit
breakers.
VTI's UDS's are engineered, fabricated, assembled, factory wired, quality controlled and tested on-site
at VTI and shipped to the customer's site for easy installation. They are all UL or CUL labeled.
Limitless variations in power inputs and outputs are possible by selecting among the many available
options for the UDS, which include primary disconnect devices, lighting contactors, weatherproof
enclosures and K-rated transformers, among many others.
An integral part of the design criteria is to provide the appropriate ventilation for the transformer
heat, in order for the transformer to be mounted internally in the UDS. This is accomplished by the
rear chimney design which allows the transformer heat to bypass the distribution equipment and
safely dissipate through the top of the cabinet.
All compartment doors are mechanically interlocked with the secondary disconnect switch handle so
that the internal access is restricted until power is disconnected or "screwdriver override" is activated.
The panelboard wiring compartment is especially spacious to allow easy top access for wire pulls and
convenient connection of field wiring to the branch circuit breakers. The net result is an easy to
order, easy to install, all in one, UL Labeled power distribution system meeting OSHA and NEC
electrical standards.
Dual-voltage UDS
Please note, our Dual-Voltage UDS model (dvUDS) is also available. The dvUDS model is similar to
the standard UDS but provides power at both 480/277 Volts and 208/120 Volts or 240/120 Volts in
the same enclosure. Find out more...
UDS Advantages
The UDS offers the following advantages in electrical power distribution applications:
Please see our UDS Cost Comparison for a detailed cost/benefit analysis of a UDS installation.
Features
The UDS is designed with the following standard safety and convenience features:
back to top
Options
Units can be configured to meet specific customer requirements from the following options:
Transformer sizes:
1 Phase: 15, 25, 37.5 KVA
3 Phase: 15,30,45,75 KVA
Transformer Voltages:
1 Phase - 480 or 600V to 240/120
3 Phase - 480 or 600V Delta to 208V/120V Wye
3 Phase - 480 or 600V Delta to 480V/277V Wye
3 phase - 415/50Hz Delta to 415/240V Wye
Primary Disconnect:
Fused Disconnect Switch or
Main Breaker; Lockable Operator Handle
Secondary Disconnect:
Fused Disconnect Switch or
Main Breaker; Lockable Operator Handle
Panelboard:
Branch Circuit Breakers up to 42 positions,
selectable 1, 2, or 3 poles from 10 to 100A.
Enclosure: [NEMA Enclosure definitions]
NEMA 1 (General Purpose, Indoors) - 88.5"H x 27"W x 20"D
NEMA 12 (Dust tight) - 88.5"H x 27"W x 20"D
NEMA 3R (Weather tight) - 84"H x 27"W x 26"D
NEMA 4 (Water tight) * - 84"H x 27"W x 26"D
* The transformer compartment is vented for cooling
Single Phase Transformer Primary Protection Secondary Protection Contactor Rating
Rating Device Size Device Size (*)
15KVA 40A - 480V 80A - 240/120V 70A
35A - 600V
37.5KVA 100A - 480V 200A - 240/120V 175A
80A - 600V
* Applicable only with contactor option. Rating is for Contactor when switching total secondary
current to panelboard.
Three Phase Primary Protection Secondary Protection Contactor Rating
Transformer Rating Device Size Device Size (*)
15KVA 25A - 480V 50A (208Y/120V) 50A
20A - 600V 25A (480Y/277V) 20A
30KVA 45A - 480V 100A (208Y/120V) 110A
40A - 600V 45A (480Y/277V) 40A
45KVA 70A - 480V 150A (208Y/120V) 175A
60A - 600V 75A (480Y/277V) 60A
75KVA 125A - 480V 250A (208Y/120V) 225A
100A - 600V 125A (480Y/277V) 100A
(Main Breaker only)
* Applicable only with contactor option.
back to top
Other Options
Many additional options are available to meet electrical engineering specifications and customer
requirements:
• A current limiting disconnect device (circuit breaker or fused disconnect switch) on the
transformer primary side.
• An electrostatically shielded transformer for instrument loads.
• 80°C rise transformer
• Transient Suppression Network
• A NEMA 12, Modified 3R or 4X enclosure
• A Circuit Breaker Lockout Kit for padlocking Branch Circuit breakers in the "off"
position.
• A lighting contactor with HOA switch for photocell or timer-controlled night lights.
• Isolated Copper or Aluminum Ground Bar
• All-copper lugs, neurtal and ground bus
• GFI or EPD style circuit breakers
• Flush mounting trim
• Bottom entry for customer load connections
• Dual 42 position panelboards, providing potential for up to 84 circuits per unit.
• IEC Panelboard with branch circuit breakers
VTI can accomodate many more options than are listed here. See the Ordering Information below, or
contact us for inquiries or more information about UDS options.
back to top
Specifications
Power Dissipation
The following power dissipation rates are based on a UDS with the following configuration:
• Standard (non K-rated) HEVI-DUTY NEMA Type TP-1 Energy Star compliant 3-
phase transformer rated for 480V Primary and 208/120V Secondary with a 150°C Rise, fully
loaded
• SquareD NQOD Panelboard populated with 42 1-pole, 20A Type QO circuit breakers
Power Dissipation
KVA Rating Phase
(Watts)
15 KVA 3 606
30 KVA 3 921
45 KVA 3 1203
75 KVA 3 1647
back to top
Photos
42 Circuit Panelboard with Circuit Breaker Lockout Kit installed (CBL option)
NEMA 3R UDS front view
Stainless Steel UDS (NEMA 4X option) - Closeup Full View from left
back to top
Documents
The following materials are available:
back to top
Ordering Information
VTI can modify the UDS in many ways according to a customer's needs. We recommend our online
UDS Design Guide, which will allow you to configure UDS units to your own specifications, and will
automatically generate a written quote, including pricing. Registration for this service is easy and
free, and includes access to Design Guides for our other products as well.
You are also welcome to contact VTI directly for questions or to discuss ordering if you prefer.
VTI uses a systematic method to construct descriptive Model Numbers for the UDS. These model
numbers include complete specifications on any unit and are suitable for inclusion in your Request for
Quote, Project Plan or other documents. To build a model number for a UDS, please use the following
guide: