EDEXCEL IGCSE MATHEMATICS Answers

Algebra
1 Use of symbols 6. a 3a b 4a3 c 3a4 d 6a–1
e 4a7 f 5a–4
1. a 2 + x b x–6 c k+x d x–t
e x+3 f d+m g b–y h p+t+w 7. a 8a5b4 b 10a3b c 30a–2b–2
x 2 d 2ab3 e 8a–5b7
i 8x j hj k x ÷ 4 or l 2 ÷ x or
4 x
8. a 3a3b2 b 3a2c4 c 8a2b2c3
y
m y ÷ t or n wt o a2 p g2 9. a t 3
2
b m4
3 2
c k5
3
d x2
t

2. a x + 3 yr b x – 4 yr
3 Expanding and factorising
3. F = 2C + 30
1. a 6 + 2m b 6 – 12f c t 2 + 3t d k3 – 5k
4. a 3n b 3n + 3 c n+1 d n–1 e 15a3 – 10ab
5. a $4 b $(10 – x) c $( y – x) d $2x 2. a 7t b 9d c 3e d 2t e 5t 2
f 4y2 g 5ab h 3a2d
6. a 75p b 15x p c 4A p d Ay p
3. a 2 + 2h b 9g + 5
7. $(A – B)
c 17k + 16 d 6e + 20
8. a 6t b 8w c 2w2 d 6t2
4. a 9t 2 + 13t b 13y2 + 5y
9. a $t b $(4t + 3) c 10e2 – 6e d 14k2 – 3kp

10.a 5a b 6c c 9e d 6f e 3g 5. a 6(m + 2t) b 3m(m – p) c 2(2a2 + 3a + 4)

f 4i g 4j h 3q i 0 j –w d 3b(2a + 3c + d ) e 2ab(4b + 16 – 2a)
k 6x2 l 5y2 m 0
6. a x 2 + 5x + 6 b m2 + 6m + 5
11. a 7x b 6y c 3t d –3t e –5x c x 2 + 2x – 8 d f2 – f – 6
f –5k g 2m2 h 0 i f2 e x 2 + x – 12 f y2 + 3y – 10
g x2 – 9 h t 2 – 25
12. a 7x + 5 b 5x + 6 c 5p d 5x + 6 i m2 – 16
e 5p + t + 5 f 8w – 5k g c
h 8k – 6y + 10 7. a 6x 2 + 11x + 3 b 10m2 – 11m – 6
c 6a2 – 7a – 3 d 6 – 7t – 10t 2 e 4 + 10t – 6t 2
13. a 2c + 3d b 5d + 2e c f + 3g + 4h
d 2i + 3k e 2k + 9p f 3k + 2m + 5p 8. a x 2 + 10x + 25 b m2 + 8m + 16 c t 2 – 10t + 25
g 7m – 7n h 6n – 3p i 6u – 3v d 9x2 + 6x + 1 e x2 + 2xy + y2
j 2v k 2w – 3y l 11x2 – 5y
9. a (x + 2)(x + 3) b ( p + 2)( p + 12) c (a + 2)(a + 6)
m –y2 – 2z n x2 – z2
d (t – 2)( t – 3) e (c – 2)(c – 16) f ( p – 3)( p – 5)
g (n + 3)(n – 6) h (d + 1)2
2 Algebraic indices
10. a (2x + 1)(x + 2) b (3t + 2)(8t + 1)
1. a 53 b 6 c 7 d 44 e 10
x t m2 q 5 y c 3( y + 7)(2y – 3) d (2t + 1)(3t + 5)

f 1 g 1 h 3 i 4 j 7 11. a 3, –1.5 b 4, –1.25 c 3, –2.5 d 0, 1

2x3 2m 4t 4 5y3 8x5

2. a 7x–3 b 10p–1 c 5t –2 d 8m–5 e 3y–1 x–1 2x + 1 2x – 1

12. a b c
2x + 1 x+3 3x – 2
1
–––
3. a i 25 ii 125 iii –54 b i 64 1
ii ––
16
5
–––
iii 256
1
c i 8 ii ––
32 iii 4 –21 d 1 000 000 1
––––
ii 1000 iii –41
x+1 2x + 5
d e
4. a a 3
b a 5
c a 7
d a 4
e a 2
f a1 x–1 4x – 1

5. a 6a5 b 9a2 c 8a6 d –6a4 e 8a8

–3
f –10a

1
4 Changing the subject 10. a 25.6 b 5
T 11. a 3.2 °C b 10 atm
1. k =
3
12. a 388.8 g b 3 mm
A–9
2. r = 13. Tm = 12 a 3 b 2.5
4
3. m = gv 14. Wx = 60 a 20 b 6

C 15. Q(5 – t) = 16 a –3.2 b 4

4. r =
2π
16. Mt 2 = 36 a 4 b 5
5. p = √««««««
m–2
–––4A
17. W√T = 24 a 4.8 b 100
6. d =
√ π
2
18. gp = 1800 a $15 b 36
7. a t = u – v b u = √««««««
v+t
–––––– 19. td = 24 a 3 °C b 12 km
8. a w = K – 5n 2 b n=
√K w –
5
20. ds2 = 432 a 1.92 km b 8 m/s

21. W√F = 0.5 a 5 t/h b 0.58 t/h

a(q – p) 6 + st
9. a –8y b c
q+p 2+s
7 Solving equations
Ra Rb 1. a 30 b 72 c 6 d –10 e –4
10 a b = b a=
a–R b–R
2. a 3 b 4 c 1 –21 d 2
2 + 2y
11 a 3. a x = 2 b p = 2 c d = 6 d y = 1 e b = 9
y–1
d Same formula as in a 4. 55p
12 a Cannot factorise the expression.
3V 3 3V ––– 5. a 1–21 cm b 6.75 cm2
b 2
r (2r + 3h)
c Yes, 5π
√ 6. 17 sweets

7. 3 years old
5 Substitution
8. 5
1. a 13 b –3 c 5

2. a 2 b 8 c –10 8 Simultaneous equations

3. a 6 b 3 c –2 1. a (4, 1) b (5, 5) c (–2, 6) d (2, 6) e (7 –21 , 3 –21 )

4. a –4.8 b 48 c 32 2. a x = 4, y = 1 b x = 5, y = –2 c x = 2 –41, y = 6 –21

5. a 13 b 74 c 17 3. a x = 2, y = –3 b x = 2, y = 5 c x = –21, y = – –43

6. a 75 b 22.5 c –135 4. a x = 5, y = 1 b x = 7, y = 3 c x = 3, y = –2
d x = –1, y = 2 –21 e x = – –21, y = –6 –21
7. a 2.5 b –20 c 2.5
5. Amul $7.20, Kim $3.50
6 Proportion
6. 84p
1. a 15 b2
7. £4.40
2. a 75 b6
8. $195
3. a 150 b6
9. a (1, 2) and (–2, –1) b x = –4, y = 1; x = –2, y = 2
4. a 22.5 b 12
10. a (3, 4) and (4, 3) b (0, 3) and (–3, 0)
5. a 175 miles b 8 hours
c (3, 2) and (–2, 3)
6. a 100 b 10
11. a (2, 5) and (–2, –3) b (–1, –2) and (4, 3)
7. a 27 b 5 c (3, 3) and (1, –1)
8. a 56 b 1.69

9. a 192 b 2.25

2
9 Quadratic equations c x  3–12
1. a –2, –5 b –3, 2 c 1, –2 d 3, 2 0 1 2 3 4
d x  –1
2. a –4, –1 b 3, 5 c –6, 2 d –2 e –2, –6
–2 –1 0 1 2
3. a –6, –4 b –6, 4
e x 1–12
4. a 1.77, –2.27 b 3.70, –2.70 c –0.19, –1.53
0 1 2 3 4
d –0.41, –1.84 e 2.18, 0.15 f 1.64, 0.61
f x  –2
5. 6, 8, 10
–3 –2 –1 0 1
6. 15 m, 20 m g x  50

7. 6.54, 0.46 20 30 40 50 60
h x  –6
8. 48 km/h
–7 –6 –5 –4 –3
9. 5 h
7. y 8. y
10 Inequalities and graphs
2 1
1. a x  3 b x5 c x6 d t  18

2. a x  –6 b t  –38 c y4 d x  –2 1 0
–2 –1 1 2 x
e w  5.5 f x  14–5– –1
–1 0 1 2x
3. a x  2 b x  38 c x  6 –12 d x7 –2
–1
e t  10 f y  –75 x=2
–3
y = –3
4. a x  1 b x3 c x2 d x  –1
e x  –1 f x1 –4

5. a
9. y
0 1 2 3 4 2

b 1

–2 –1 0
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 x
c
–1
–1 0 1
d –2
x = –2 x=1
1 2 3 4 5
e
10. y
–2 –1 0
5
f y=4
4
1 2 3 4 5
g 3

–1 0 1 2 3
2
h
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 1

6. a x  4
–2 –1 0 1 2 x
1 2 3 4 5
–1 y = –1
b x  –2
–2
–3 –2 –1 0 1

3
11. a y 11 Patterns and sequences
8
6 1. a 21, 34: add previous 2 terms b 49, 64: next
square number c 47, 76: add previous 2 terms
4
2 2. 15, 21, 28, 36

–8 – 6 – 4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 x 3. –12, –35, –23, –57, –34

–2
–4 4. a 6, 10, 15, 21, 28 b It is the sums of the natural
–6
numbers, or the numbers in Pascal’s Triangle.

–8 5. a 13, 15, 2n + 1 b 33, 38, 5n + 3

c 20, 23, 3n + 2 d 21, 25, 4n – 3
b i Yes ii Yes iii No e 42, 52, 10n – 8

12. a–d 10 6. a 3n + 1, 151 b 5n – 2, 248

8 c 8n – 6, 394 d 5n + 1, 251
6 e 3n + 18, 168
4
7. a 64, 128, 256, 512, 1024
2
0
b i 2n – 1 ii 2n + 1 iii 3 × 2n
0 2 4 6 8 10
–2 8. b 4n – 3 c 97 d 50th diagram
–4
–6 9. b 2n + 1 c 121 d 49th set

e i No ii No iii Yes 10. a i 14 ii 3n + 2 iii 41 b 66

13. a 45x + 25y  200 ⇒ 9x + 5y  40 12 Interpreting graphs

b yx+2
1. a 32°F b –59 (Take gradient at C =10° and 30°.)
14. a i Cost 30x + 40y  300 ⇒ 3x + 4y  30
c F = –59 C + 32
ii At least 2 apples, so x  2
iii At least 3 pears, so y  3 2. a 0.07 (Take gradient at U = 0 and 500.) b £10
iv At least 7 fruits, so x + y  7
c C = £(10 + 0.07U) or Charge = £10 + 7p/unit
b Draw graph with inequalities and shading as
question 3. a –25 (Take gradient at D = 0 and 40.) b £20
5D
c C = £(20 + ) or Charge = £20 + £2.50/day
c Three apples and five pears 2
1
15. a i Space 4x + 3y  48 –
4. a 10 b 24.5 cm c 0.1 cm or 1 mm
W
d ∠ = 24.5 + or Length = 24.5 + 1 mm/kg
b ii Cost 300x + 500y  6000 ⇒ 3x + 5y  60 10
Draw graph with inequalities and shading as
question 5. a i 9 am ii 10 am iii 12 noon
b i 40 km/h ii 120 km/h iii 40 km/h
c Six sofas and eight beds
6. a i 125 km ii 125 km/h
16. a i Number of seats required is 40x + 50y 
300 ⇒ 4x + 5y  30 b i between 2 pm and 3 pm ii about 12 –21 km/h
ii Number of 40-seaters x  6
iii Number of 50-seaters y  5 7. a i 263 m/min (3 sf) ii 15.8 km/h (3 sf)
b i 500 m/min ii Paul by 1 minute
b Draw graph with inequalities and shading as
question 8. a Patrick ran quickly at first, then had a slow middle
c Five 40-seater coaches and two 50-seater section but he won the race with a final sprint. Araf
coaches cost $740 ran steadily all the way and came second. Sean set
off the slowest, speeded up towards the end but
still came in third.

b i 1.67 m/s ii 6 km/h

9. a 2 –21 km/h b 3.75 m/s c 2 –21 km/h

4
13 Linear graphs and coordinates 9. a y = –34 x – 2 or 3y = 4x – 6 b y=x+1
c y = 2x – 3 d 2y = x + 6 e y=x
1. 20 y = 3x + 4 2. 6 y = 2x – 5 f y = 2x
5
18
4
16 3 10.a y = –2x + 1 b 2y = –x c y = –x + 1
14
2 d 5y = –2x – 5 e y = – –23 x – 3
1
12 0
–1 1 2 3 4 5 6
10
–2 14 Quadratic
8 –3
–4 1. a Values of y: 27, 12, 3, 0, 3, 12, 27
6
–5
4 –6 b 6.8 c 1.8 or –1.8
2
0
2. a Values of y: 27, 18, 11, 6, 3, 2, 3, 6, 11, 18, 27
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 b 8.3 c 3.5 or –3.5

3. a Values of y: 27, 16, 7, 0, –5, –8, –9, –8, –5, 0, 7

3. 7
x
b –8.8 c 3.4 or –1.4
6 y= +4
3
5
4. a Values of y: 2, –1, –2, –1, 2, 7, 14 b 0.25
4
3 c 0.7 or –2.7 e (1.1, 2.6) and (–2.6, 0.7)
2
1 5. a Values of y: 15, 9, 4, 0, –3, –5, –6, –6, –5, –3, 0,
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 4, 9
b –0.5 and 3

4. a 5 b (6, 1) 6. a Values of y: 5, 0, –3, –4, –3, 0, 5, 12

x
4 y= –2 b –4 and 0
2
x
3 y= –1
3
2
7. a Values of y: 16, 7, 0, –5, –8, –9, –8, –5, 0, 7, 16
1
b 0 and 6
0
2 4 6 8 10 12 14 8. a Values of y: 9, 4, 1, 0, 1, 4, 9 b +2
–1
–2
c Only 1 root
–3
15 Gradients and tangents
5. a 2 b –31 c –3 d1 e –2 f – –31 g5 h –5 i –51 1. Draw graph of y = x2 + 1 with tangents at the
j – –43 following points
6. a 1 b –1 They are perpendicular and ax=5 gradient = 10
symmetrical about the axes.
bx=1 gradient = 2
7. 1
a y = 2x + 6, b y = x + 7, c y = − x − 3, d y = x + 8
4
c x = –2 gradient = –4
10
d x = –5 gradient = –10
8
6 a
4
b 2. Draw graph of y = x (x – 3) with tangents at the
c
2 d following points
−10 −8 −6 −4 −2 0 2 4 6 8 10
−2 ax=5 gradient = 7
−4
−6 bx=3 gradient = 3
−8
−10
cx=0 gradient = –3
8. a y = 3x + 1, y = 2x + 3
8 d x = 1.5 gradient = 0
6

4
3. Draw graph of y = x3 – 3 with tangents at the
2
following points
i
ii
–6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 Linear (ii) ax=2 gradient = 12
–2 Linear (i)

–4 b x = –1 gradient = 3
–6
c x = –2 gradient = 12
–8

b (2, 7)

5
4. a Gradient when x = 2 is 9 4. f(x) = f–1(x) =
NB graph is y = x3 – 3x – 2 x+2 x–2
b (–1, 0) and (1, –4) x – 10 x + 10
1
2x 2x
5. Draw graph of the curve y = sinx for 0º < x < 360 º
x/3 3x
with tangents at the following points
1/x 1/x
a x = 60º gradient = 0.5 3 3
x √x
b x = 90º gradient = 0 sin x sin –1x
cos x cos –1x
c x = 240º gradient = –0.5
tan x tan –1x
6. a Draw a graph of the curve y = x2
1
5. a i f(100) = 1002 = 10
b
ii g(–1) = 3(–1)2 + 4 = 7
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 1
gradient at x –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 iii fg(2) = f(3(2)2 + 4) = f(16) = 162 = 4
1 1

c Gradient = 2x b gf(x) = g(x2) = 3(x2)2 + 4 = 3x + 4

d They should be the same as the curves are 6. The function f(x) is defined as f(x) = 2/(x + 2)
transformed vertically a If f(x) = 5 then 2/(x + 2) = 5 and x = –8/5

b Let y = 2/(x + 2) replace f(x) with y and

16 Functions change the subject
1. a f(1) = 2 + 1 = 3 y (x + 2) = 2

b g(–2) = (–2)2 = 4 yx + 2y = 2

c fg(x) = f(x2) = x2 + 1 yx = 2 – 2y
2 – 2y
d f–1(x) = x – 1 x= y
1 1
e fg–1(x) = f(x2 ) = x2 + 1 2 – 2x replace y with x to
So f–1(x) = x or 2/x – 2
–1 2 complete the inverse
f gf (x) = g(x – 1) = (x – 1)

2. a f : x → 1/x is not defined when x = 0 7. f : x → x3 and g : x → 1/(x – 1)

b g : x → √(x – 5) is not defined when x  5 a i fg(2) = f(1) = 1
c h : x → 10/(x + 1) is not defined when x = –1 ii gf(–1) = g(–1) = –1/2

3. The function f(x) is defined as f(x) = x(x – 1) b i fg(x) = f(1/(x – 1)) = (1/(x – 1))3 =1/(x – 1)3

a i f(3) = 3(3 – 1) = 6 ii gf(x) = g(x3) = 1/( x3 – 1)

1
ii f(–3) = –3(–3 – 1) = 12 iii gg(x) = g(1/(x – 1)) =
(1/(x – 1) – 1)
1
b If f(x) = 6, then x(x – 1) = 6 =
(1– (x – 1))/(x – 1)
x2 – x = 6 x–1
=
1– (x – 1)
2
x –x–6=0 x–1
=
1– x + 1
(x + 2)(x – 3) = 0 x–1
=
x = –2 or x = 3 2–x

c i fg(x) =1/(x – 1)3 is not defined when x =1

ii gf(x) = 1/( x3 – 1) is not defined when x = 1

x–1 is not defined when x = 2

iii gg(x) =
2–x

6
17 Calculus 7. a s = f(t) and s = t3 – 3t2 + 2t

1. a 3 The velocity of the body,

ds
b5 v = dt = 3t2 – 6t m/s

c 2x – 8 b The acceleration of the body,

dv
d 6x – 2 a = dt = 6t – 6

e 2x + 4 as (x – 1)(x + 5) = x2 + 4x – 5 The acceleration after 3 seconds = 6t – 6 =

2 2
6 x 3 – 6 = 12m/s2
f 2x – 6 as (x – 3) = x – 6x + 9
8. a The rate of change is the same as the differential
g 3x2 + 2x + 1
dT
so dt
h 15x2 + 8x – 8
dT
i 3x2 – 6x – 4 as x(x + 1)(x – 4) = x3 – 3x2 – 4x dt = 2t – 11
dT
After 3 seconds, dt = 2 x 3 – 11 = –5
j –1/x2 – 4/x3
b The temperature is at its maximum when
k –10/x2 – 8/x3 – 9/x4 + 28/x5
dT
dy
2. a dx = 2x – 7 gradient = 2 x 5–7=3 dt = 0 so 2t – 11 = 0 so t = 5.5 s
dy 9. a The car passes through the origin when s = 0
b dx = 2x – 4 gradient = 2 x –2 – 4 = –8 so 10(t – t2) = 0
dy
c dx = 6x + 5 gradient = 6 x –1 + 5 = –1 10t(t – 1) = 0 ie when t = 0 and t = 1
dy ds
d dx = 4x + 1 gradient = 4 x 0+1=1 b dt = 10 – 20t as s = 10(t – t2) = 10t – 10t2
dy ds
3. a dx = 2x – 6 c The maximum distance occurs when dt = 0
1
b gradient = 2 x 4 – 6 = 2 so 10 – 20t = 0 or t = /2 second
dy ds
c Turning point when dx = 0 so 2x – 6 = 0 d The speed of the car is given by dt
and x = 3 ds
when t = 4, dt = 10 – 20 x 4 = –70 m/s
when x = 3, y = 2 so coordinate is (3, 2) 10. a If the width of the pen is x metres then the
dy remaining length = 30 – 2x
4. a dx = 2x – 2
dy Area = x (30 – 2x) = 30x – 2x2 or y = 30x – 2x2
b Turning point when dx = 0 so 2x – 2 = 0
and x = 1 dy
b The maximum occurs when dx = 0
when x = 1, y = –9 so coordinate is (1, –9) dy
dx = 30 – 4x
c The turning point is a minimum as the curve is U maximum when 30 – 4x = 0 ie x = 7.5 m
shaped
dy c Largest possible area of the sheep pen
5. a dx = 3x2 – 6x = 30 x 7.5 – 2 x 7.52 = 112.5 m2
dy
b Turning point when dx = 0 so 3x2 – 6x = 0
or 3x(x – 2)= 0

Turning points at x = 0 and y = 8 or x = 2

and y = 4

The minimum point is (2, 4)

Add sketch of graph to illustrate
dy
6. a dx = 6x2 – 30x + 24
dy
b Gradient at A is dx when x = 0

Gradient = 24
dy
c Turning point when dx = 0 so 6x2 – 30x + 24 = 0
2
or x – 5x + 4 = 0 or (x – 1)(x – 4)

when x = 1, y = 31 so coordinate is (1, 31)

when x = 4, y = 4 so coordinate is (4, 4)

so B = (1, 31) and C = (4, 4)