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CHAPTER 3: MULTISIM
3.1 INTRODUCTION TO MULTISIM
Multisim is a virtual electronic circuit design, analysis, and simulation programme that
design and analyse analogue, digital and mixed mode circuits on a PC using virtual
instruments. Virtual instruments are used to measure circuit behaviour such as voltage,
current, power, frequency and signals on a scope. They look just like real instruments
without fear of damaging the circuit components or the instruments.
The basic virtual instruments in Multisim are:
a) Multimeter
It measures resistance, ac/dc voltage and ac/dc current.
b) Function Generator
It produces sinewave, squarewave and triangular wave signals of adjustable
frequencies and amplitudes.
c) Wattmeter
It measures the power in watts consumed in a circuit.
d) Oscilloscopes (2-ch and 4-ch).
They display the traces of a peak-to-peak voltage signal in a circuit.
e) Bode Plotter
It produces a graph of the circuit’s frequency response. It is useful for
analysing electronic filter circuits.
f) Frequency Counter
It measures the frequency of an ac voltage signal.
The Component Editing allows user to add or modify the components in Multisim.
The Simulate button runs/stops/pauses the simulation. The green sine wave line
moves while the simulation is running.
The Analysis button allows user to choose the type of circuit analysis.
The VHDL/Verilog HDL button allows user to work with VHDL modelling.
The Report button allows user to print the reports about circuit.
The Transfer button allows user to communicate with and convert to PCB layout
programme.
3. Move to the top left corner of the circuit window to place the battery. Click in this
general area or, to be more precise, use the page borders as a guide and click in
the intersection of row A and column 1. The battery appears on your circuit
window:
2. Scroll through the Component List to find the 100ohm resistor we need for our circuit.
3. Select the 100ohm resistor and click OK or double click on the component value. The
cursor will appear on the circuit window as a ghost image of the resistor.
4. Move your cursor to approximately A5 and click to place the component.
Step 2: Rotate the Resistor
The resistor needs to be rotated in order to set up conveniently into a circuit.
1. Right-click on the resistor. A pop-up menu appears.
2. Choose 90 Counter CW from the menu. The results look like this:
2. From the Database Name list, the database of the component that needs to be edited
can be chose.
3. From the Family Name list, the family of the component that needs to be edited can be
chose.
4. From the Component Name list, the component that needs to be edited can be chose.
5. To edit, click Edit (to cancel, click Exit).
3.5 VIRTUAL COMPONENTS
The instrument toolbar is displayed by default.
A Y
Symbol:
Truth Table:
INPUT (A) OUTPUT (Y)
0 1
1 0
3.6.2 The AND Gate
Operation:
For a 2-input AND gate, output Y is HIGH if both input A and B are HIGH; Y is LOW if
either A or B is LOW, or both A and B are LOW.
Symbol:
A
Y
B
Truth Table:
INPUT (A) INPUT (B) OUTPUT (Y)
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
A
Y
B
Truth Table:
INPUT (A) INPUT (B) OUTPUT (Y)
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
3.6.5 The NOR Gate
Operation:
For a 2-input NOR gate, output Y is LOW if either input A or B is HIGH, or if both A and
B are HIGH; Y is HIGH if both A and B are LOW.
A Y
B
Symbols:
Truth Table:
INPUT (A) INPUT (B) OUTPUT (Y)
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
A
Y
B
Symbols:
Truth Table:
INPUT (A) INPUT (B) OUTPUT (Y)
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
3.6.7 The XNOR Gate
Operation:
For an exclusive-NOR gate, output Y is LOW if input A is LOW and input B is HIGH, or if
input A is HIGH and input B is LOW; Y is HIGH if A and B are both HIGH or both LOW.
Symbols:
A
Y
B
Truth Table:
INPUT (A) INPUT (B) OUTPUT (Y)
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
A 2-bit code on the data-select (S) input will allow the data on the selected data
input to pass through to the data output as table below:
Data-select Inputs
Input selected
S1 S0
0 0 D0
0 1 D1
1 0 D2
1 1 D3
The data output is equal to the state of the selected data input
The total expression for the data output is
Y = D0S1’S0’ + D1S1’S0 + D2S1S0’ + D3S1S0
This can be implemented by the circuit below:
Because the data can be selected from any one of the input lines, this circuit is
also referred to as a data selector
The select bits of multiplexer depend on the data input, 2n.
3.8.2 Demultiplexer
The DEMUX is a reverse multiplexer function.
It takes digital information from one line and distributes it to a given number of
output lines.
It is known as data distributors.
Below is the 1-line-to-4-line demultiplexer circuit.
3.8.3 Decoder
A decoder is a logic circuit that accepts a set of inputs that represents a binary
number and activates only the output that corresponds to that input number.
An AND gate can be used as a basic decoding element because it produces a
HIGH output only when all inputs are HIGH.
As example, to decode a binary number, 1001, make sure that all the inputs to
the AND gate are HIGH:
If a NAND gate is used in place of AND gate, a LOW output will indicate the
presence of the proper binary code
Below is the diagram of a general decoder with N inputs and M outputs:
Decoder
N inputs M outputs
Some decoders have one or more ENABLE inputs that are used to control the
operation of the decoder. With the ENABLE line held HIGH, the decoder will
function normally. With ENABLE held LOW, all the outputs will be forced to the
LOW state regardless of the levels at the inputs. Thus, the decoder is enabled
only if ENABLE is HIGH.
3.8.4 Encoder
An encoder accepts an active level on one of its inputs representing a digit, such as
decimal or octal digit, and converts it to a coded output, such as BCD or binary
The process of converting from familiar symbols or numbers to a coded format is
called encoding.
3.8.4.1 The Decimal-to-BCD Encoder
This type of encoder has 10 inputs- one for each decimal digit- and four output
corresponding to the BCD code as below:
This is 10-line-to-4-line encoder
BCD
Decimal Numbers
A3 A2 A1 A0
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
Refer to the table above, the MSB of BCD code; A3 is always a 1 for decimal digit
8 or 9. An OR expression for bit A3 in terms of decimal digits: A3 = 8 + 9
Bit A2 is always 1 for decimal digit 4, 5, 6, 7 and can be expressed as an OR
functions as: A2 = 4+5+6+7
A1 = 2+3+6+7
A0 = 1+3+5+7+9
To implement the logic circuitry required to encoding each decimal digit to a BCD
code as follows:
When HIGH appears on one of the decimal digit input lines, the appropriate
levels occur on the four BCD output lines.
As example, if line 9 is HIGH this condition will produce a HIGH on outputs A0
and A3 and LOW on outputs A1 and A2, which is the BCD code (1001) for decimal
9.
Timing Diagram
Timing Diagram
LAB 3: COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUIT
1.0 Objectives
At the end of this lab session, you should be able to:
explain the logic gates and combinational circuits.
construct combinational circuit in Multisim by using Logic Converter.
design a combinational circuit in Multisim.
Logic Converter
button
Figure L3-1
One of the virtual instruments in Multisim is the Logic Converter. The arrow in the figure
L3-1 above shows the Logic Converter button.
Logic Converter
Figure L3-2
When the Logic Converter button is clicked, the logic converter symbol is shown in the
figure L3-2 above.
Figure L3-3
In the logic converter, most of the logic conversions needed is there. For example, if we
want to obtain a circuit for the following Boolean expression,
X A BC AB C
Firstly, enter the Boolean expression into the logic converter as below:
Then, click on the Boolean expression truth table conversions option:
Truth table
Truth table
conversion
3.0 Exercise
1. Construct a three-input combinational circuit for f = m (2, 4, 5, 7) with the aid of Multisim.
Show and explain all the steps in details.
2. Design a four-input combinational circuit for f = m (0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 14) with the aid of
Multisim. Show and explain all the steps in details.
3. AB represents a two-bit binary number that can have any value (00, 01, 10, or 11); for
example, when A = 1 and B = 0, the binary number is 10, and so on. Similarly, CD
represents another two-bit binary number. Design a logic circuit, using A, B, C, and D inputs,
whose output will be HIGH whenever two binary numbers AB are equal and greater than
CD. It is impossible for inputs AB and CD to be HIGH at the same time.
a) Draw the logic circuit from the simplified Boolean expression (use AND, OR and
NOT gates).
b) Draw the logic circuit from the simplified Boolean expression (use NAND gates).