Spe Papers - Well Testing

Nov-09
NOTES:
The papers listed here have been obtained by search SPE and IPTC papers post 2005 on the SPE's OnePetro
The papers relating to reservoir engineering have been catergorised for inclusion on the reservoirengineering.org.uk website
The affiiations searched were;
Total No Papers Reservoir Engineering Related

BP 551 175
Shell 575 279
Chevron 482 238
ConocoPhillips 191 68
Marathon 55 37
Total 255 129
Schlumberger 1130 563
Imperial College, London 95 53
Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh 235 175
(Anywhere in Article)
Total 3569 1717
Total number of papers published post 2005 10,000
35% of papers published categorised

Paper
Organisation Source No. Chapter Section
BP SPE 90680 Well Testing Analysis
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 109860 Well Testing Analysis - Closed Chamber Tests
CHEVRON SPE 110272 Well Testing Analysis - Fluivial Reservoir

Heriot Watt University SPE 110272 Well Testing Analysis - Fluivial Reservoir
SHELL SPE 102304 Well Testing Analysis - Fractured Water Injector
SHELL SPE 98098 Well Testing Analysis - Fractured Well
CHEVRON SPE 105134 Well Testing Analysis - Horizontal Wells

SCHLUMBERGER SPE 105134 Well Testing Analysis - Horizontal Wells
SHELL SPE 104480 Well Testing Analysis - Horizontal Wells
BP SPE 100836 Well Testing Analysis - Low Permeability
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 110576 Well Testing Analysis - Multi-Fractured Wells
BP SPE 104581 Well Testing Analysis - Multilaterals
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 116969 Well Testing Analysis - Multilayer Reservoir
CHEVRON SPE 113903 Well Testing Analysis - Multiphase

SCHLUMBERGER SPE 104059 Well Testing Analysis - Naturally Fractured Reservoir
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 120515 Well Testing Analysis - Radius of Investigation
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 123115 Well Testing Analysis - Real Time Evaluation
SHELL SPE 109053 Well Testing Connected Volume Estimation
BP IPTC 11691 Well Testing Connected Volume Estimation
BP SPE 102483 Well Testing Connected Volume Estimation
TOTAL SPE 102483 Well Testing Connected Volume Estimation
SHELL SPE 115720 Well Testing Connected Volume Estimation
BP SPE 102484 Well Testing Deconvolution
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 102575 Well Testing Deconvolution
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 123555 Well Testing Exploration Wells
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 114594 Well Testing Fracture Diagnostics
CONOCO SPE 117435 Well Testing Horizontal WElls
SHELL SPE 88735 Well Testing HP/HT
SHELL SPE 108665 Well Testing HP/HT
BP IPTC 11672 Well Testing Interference testing
Imperial College SPE 100993 Well Testing Lean gas Condensate
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 109279 Well Testing Mini-DST
SHELL SPE 109279 Well Testing Mini-DST
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 113650 Well Testing MiniDST Interpretation
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 118148 Well Testing Multiphase Metering
TOTAL SPE 118148 Well Testing Multiphase Metering
Heriot Watt University SPE 121949 Well Testing Multi-well Decovolution
Heriot Watt University SPE 122409 Well Testing Numercial Analysis
Heriot Watt University SPE 100951 Well Testing Numerical Analysis
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 105271 Well Testing Numerical Modelling
SCHLUMBERGER SPE 107967 Well Testing Production Analysis
SHELL SPE 99971 Well Testing Production Monitoring
Heriot Watt University SPE 128359 Well Testing PTA
TOTAL SPE 128359 Well Testing PTA
Imperial College SPE 89904 Well Testing PTA

Heriot Watt University SPE 113323 Well Testing PTA Interpretation
Heriot Watt University SPE 107521 Well Testing PTA Interpretation
TOTAL SPE 110820 Well testing Real gas Flow Analysis
Heriot Watt University SPE 107209 Well Testing Rel Perm Determination
CHEVRON SPE 112732 Well Testing Sand Prediction

SCHLUMBERGER SPE 103040 Well Testing State of the Nation
Imperial College SPE 100136 Well Testing State of the Nation
Imperial College SPE 102079 Well Testing State of the Nation

SCHLUMBERGER SPE 102106 Well Testing Streaming Potential Measurement
TOTAL SPE 115820 Well testing Testing by Production Logging
BP SPE 113888 Well Testing Uncertainty
MARATHON SPE 124271 Well Testing Value of Information
TOTAL SPE 105685 Well Testing Vertical Interference Test
TOTAL SPE 103216 Well testing Wellbore Storage Analysis
Subject
Deconvolution
amber Tests
PTA/Seismic Attribute
PTA/Seismic Attribute
PFO
SRT
Carbonate Reservoir
Carbonate Reservoir
PTA
Rate Dependent Transient Flow
Stacked Reservoirs
Layer Properties
2 Phase
Partial Penetration
Reserve Estimation
PTA
Design and Interpretation

Image Log
Thermal Transient Analysis
Annular Pressure Buildup Behaviour
Gas Condensate
Temperature Data
Analysis
Deepwater
Deepwater
Gas
Challenging Conditions
Gas Condensate
Heavy Oil
Reliability
Validation
Streamline
Heterogeneity
Full Field Simulations
Integral Derivative Function
Optmisation/Automation
Flow Regime Identification
Flow Regime Identification
Gas Condensate
Gas Condensate
Gas Condensate
Gas Condensate
Deconvolution/Decline Curve
Wavelet Method
Average Pressure Approximation
Pre Drill DST Prediction

Advances in Interpretation and Measurement
Analysis Approaches
Evolution of Deconvolution
Technology Application
Test Interpretation
West Brae Field
Permeability Anisotropy
Deconvolution
Title
Practical Considerations for Pressure-Rate Deconvolution of Well-Test Data
A New Approach for Interpreting Pressure Data To Estimate Key Reservoir Parameters From Close
Integrating Pressure Transient Test Data With Seismic Attribute Analysis to Characterize an
Offshore Fluvial Reservoir
Integrating Pressure Transient Test Data With Seismic Attribute Analysis to Characterize an Offshore
Application of New Fall-Off Test Interpretation Methodology to Fractured Water Injection Wells Offsh
New Analysis of Step-Rate Injection Tests for Improved Fracture Stimulation Design
Challenges Encountered During a Comprehensive Test Analysis for a Horizontal Well in a Thin,
Carbonate Reservoir of the Greater Burgan Field, Kuwait
Challenges Encountered During a Comprehensive Test Analysis for a Horizontal Well in a Thin, Carb
Horizontal Well" Pressure Transient Analysis for Gulf of Mexico Reservoirs (Adapting the Slant Well
Analysis of Rate Dependence in Transient Linear Flow in Tight Gas Wells
A Unique Methodology for Evaluation of Multi-Fractured Wells in Stacked-Pay Reservoirs Using Com
Transient Behavior of Multilateral Wells in Numerical Models: A Hybrid Analytical-Numerical Approac
Identifying Layer Permeabilities and Skin Using a Multi-Layer Transient Testing Approach in a Comp
Use of Transient Testing Data To Calculate Absolute Permeability and Average Fluid Saturations
Pressure Transient Analysis of Partially Penetrating Wells in a Naturally Fractured Reservoir
Radius of Investigation for Reserve Estimation From Pressure Transient Well Tests
Real-Time Evaluation of Pressure Transients: Advances in Dynamic Reservoir Monitoring
Use of Advanced Pressure Transient Analysis Techniques To Improve Drainage Area Calculations and
Evaluating Connected Reservoir Volume for Optimizing Reservoir Management in Farragon Field,
The Use of Well Testing for Evaluation of Connected Reservoir Volume
The Use of Well Testing for Evaluation of Connected Reservoir Volume
Magnetic Resonance in Chalk Horizontal Well Logged With LWD
Deconvolution of Multiwell Test Data
An Investigation of Recent Deconvolution Methods for Well-Test Data Analysis
Advanced Methods to Design and Interpret Exploration Well Tests---Two Case Studies
Estimating Fracture Permeability and Shape Factor by Use of Image Log Data in Welltest Analysis
Thermal Transient Analysis Applied to Horizontal Wells
Transient Behavior of Annular Pressure Buildup in HP/HT Wells
HP/HT Gas-Condensate Well Testing for Shell's Onyx SW Prospect
The New Interference Test: Reservoir Connectivity Information from Downhole Temperature Data
Well Test Analysis in Lean Gas Condensate Reservoirs: Theory and Practice
Mini-DST Applications for Shell Deepwater Malaysia
Mini-DST Applications for Shell Deepwater Malaysia
A New Method for Gas Well Deliverability Potential Estimation Using MiniDST and Single Well Mode
Extending the Range of Multiphase Metering to Challenging High Water Cut Gas-Lifted Wells: TOTAL
Extending the Range of Multiphase Metering to Challenging High Water Cut Gas-Lifted Wells: TOTAL
Testing Gas Condensate Wells in Northern Siberia With Multiphase Flowmeters
Improving Reservoir Characterization Using Accurate Flow-Rate History
Reliability of Multiphase Flowmeters and Test Separators at High Water Cut
Field Validation Processes for Multiphase Wet Gas Surface Well Testing Solutions: Example From
High-Accuracy Wet-Gas Multiphase Well Testing and Production Metering
Production Well Testing Optimization Using Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFM)
Field Experience in Multiphase Gas-Well Testing: The Benefit of the Combination of Venturi and G
Multi-Well Deconvolution Algorithm for the Diagnostic, Analysis of Transient Pressure With Inter
New Advance in Numerical Well Testing Through Streamline Simulation
Fighting Against Nonunique-Solution Problems in Heterogeneous Reservoirs Through Numerical Wel
Linking Well-Test Interpretations to Full Field Simulations
Application of the Î²-Integral Derivative Function to Production Analysis
Well-Test Optimization and Automation
Statistical Diagnosis (VEMST) of Flow Regime: Alternative to Pressure Derivative Approach in Pressu
Statistical Diagnosis (VEMST) of Flow Regime: Alternative to Pressure Derivative Approach in Pressu
Well Test Analysis in Lean Gas Condensate Reservoirs: Theory and Practice
Condensate-Bank Characterization From Well-Test Data and Fluid PVT Properties
Well Test Analysis of Horizontal Wells in Gas/Condensate Reservoirs
Estimating Productivity-Controlling Parameters in Gas/Condensate Wells From Transient Pressure
Data
Pressure Transient Well Testing Encountered Complexities: A Case Study
Application of Deconvolution and Decline-Curve Analysis Methods for Transient Pressure Analysis
Analyzing Transient Pressure From Permanent Downhole Gauges (PDG) Using Wavelet Method
Application of Convolution and Average Pressure Approximation for Solving Nonlinear Flow Proble
Using Drillstem and Production Tests To Model Reservoir Relative Permeabilities
Deepwater Exploration Well Pre-Drill DST Sanding Potential Prediction Using Probabilistic and
Deterministic Approaches
A Digital Pressure Derivative Technique for Pressure Transient Well Testing and Reservoir Character
New Approaches in Well Testing
From Straight Lines to Deconvolution: The Evolution of the State of the Art in Well Test Analysis
Streaming Potential Applications in Oil Fields
Method and Application of Cyclic Well Testing with Production Logging
Evaluation of Confidence Intervals in Well Test Interpretation Results
The Value of Well Testingâ€”Optimisation of the West Brae Field
A New Technique To Determine Horizontal and Vertical Permeabilities From the Time-Delayed Respon
Explicit Deconvolution of Wellbore Storage Distorted Well Test Data
Author Abstract
Michael M. Levitan, SPE, BP plc; Gary E. Crawford, SPE, WTS; and Andre Summary Pressure-rate deconvolution provides e
N.M.A. Rahman, SPE, Schlumberger, and M.S. Santo and L. Mattar, SPE, Abstract A new technique for analyzing and mode
Akshay Sahni, SPE, Ken Kelsch, SPE, Hathaiporn Samorn, and Chalatpon
Boonmeelapprasert, SPE, Chevron Abstract Interpreting pressure transient tests in co
Akshay Sahni, SPE, Ken Kelsch, SPE, Hathaiporn Samorn, and Chalatpon Abstract Interpreting pressure transient tests in co
P.J. van den Hoek, SPE, Shell Intl. E&P B.V.; D. Volchkov, SPE, and G. Bu Abstract It is well established within the Industry t
K. Lizak, Shell; K. Bartko, Saudi Aramco; F. Self, G. Izquierdo, and M. Al- Abstract Prehydraulic fracture diagnostic pumpin
A.K. Ambastha, SPE, and M. Anderson, SPE, Chevron Corp.; H. Gandhi,

SPE, Kuwait Oil Co.; and P.-D. Maizeret, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract Mauddud reservoir in the Greater Burga
A.K. Ambastha, SPE, and M. Anderson, SPE, Chevron Corp.; H. Gandhi, SPAbstract Mauddud reservoir in the Greater Burga
P.S. Fair, Shell International Exploration and Production Inc. Introduction There are three objectives of this pap
M. Ibrahim, Suez Canal U., and R.A. Wattenbarger, Texas A&M U. Abstract Many tight gas wells (permeability less th
J.F. Manrique, Occidental Oil and Gas Corporation, and B.D. Poe Jr., Schl Abstract We present a unique methodology desig
C. Aguilar, SPE, BP Alaska, and E. Ozkan, SPE, H. Kazemi, SPE, M. Al-Ko Abstract This paper presents an extension of tran
Moustafa Eissa, Sameer Joshi, and Kamaljeet Singh, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract Conventional pressure transient testing
Medhat M. Kamal and Yan Pan, Chevron Energy Technology Company Abstract A new well testing analysis method is pre
K. Slimani, Sonatrach; D. Tiab, U. of Oklahoma; and K. Moncada, Schlumb Abstract Often and for many reasons the wellbore
Fikri J. Kuchuk, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract Although it is often used in pressure tran
C. Contreras, SPE, S. Bodwadkar, SPE, and A. Kosmala, SPE, SchlumbergAbstract Reservoir engineers operating in mature
Kui-Fu Du, SPE, NAM, The Netherlands Abstract This paper presents several field examp
Julio Herbas, SPE, Munawar Usman, SPE, Ronnie Parr and Jordy Buter, BPAbstract The Farragon field discovered in April 20
M.M. Levitan, SPE, and M.J. Ward, SPE, BP plc.; J.-L. Boutaud de la CombeAbstract In its search for new oil and gas reserve
M.M. Levitan, SPE, and M.J. Ward, SPE, BP plc.; J.-L. Boutaud de la CombeAbstract In its search for new oil and gas reserve
Arve K. Thorsen, SPE, Tor Eiane, SPE, and Holger Thern, SPE, Baker HughAbstract This paper describes geological and petr
Michael M. Levitan, SPE, BP plc Summary The deconvolution analysis technique th
M. Onur, SPE, and M. Cinar,* SPE, Istanbul Technical University; D. Ilk, Summary In this work we present an investigatio
A.J.G. Carnegie, Schlumberger; Stephen Ball, Premier Oil Vietnam; Pierre Abstract T Two Case Studies
Hassan Bahrami, Sharif University of Technology; Jamal Siavoshi, Husky Abstract The identification of fractures is essential
Anh N. Duong, SPE, ConocoPhillips Canada Abstract The effectiveness of heat injection into a
P. Oudeman, SPE, Shell Int. E&P, M. Kerem, SPE, Shell Int. E&P Summary Pressure buildup caused by fluid therm
Arild Fossï¿½, Expro; Derek MacKenzie, Norske Shell; Odd Steinveg and ErAbstract This paper covers the HPHT Gas-Conde
D.A. Hutchinson, N. Kuramshina, A. Sheydayev, S. Day, BP Abstract The Chirag Field located offshore in the
A.C. Gringarten, M. Bozorgzadeh, S. Daungkaew, and A. Hashemi, SPE, ImAbstract Gas condensate reservoirs exhibit a com
S. Daungkaew, J.H. Harfoushian, and B. Cheong, Schlumberger; and O. AkinsAbstract Exploration and appraisal campaigns for
S. Daungkaew, J.H. Harfoushian, and B. Cheong, Schlumberger; and O. AkinsAbstract Exploration and appraisal campaigns for
N.Karthik Kumar, SPE, Sameer Joshi, SPE and Raj Banerjee, SPE, Schl Abstract This paper presents techniques for inter
David Costa; Total ABK, Jean-Paul Couput, Total; Florian Hollaender, Br Abstract Flow metering using conventional separa
David Costa; Total ABK, Jean-Paul Couput, Total; Florian Hollaender, Br Abstract Flow metering using conventional separa
B. Theuveny, Schlumberger; I.A. Zinchenko, Yamburggazdobycha GazpromAbstract A number of tests were performed in Ya
E.J. Pinilla, SPE, C.H. Pardo, SPE, L.M. Warlick, SPE, and Y.M. Al-Shoba Abstract Well testing is one of the most effective m
Kelechi Isaac Ojukwu, Petroleum Development Oman, and John Edwards, Abstract The use of multiphase flowmeters (MPF
B. Theuveny, Y. Shumakov, and A. Zhandin, Schlumberger, and I. Zinchen Abstract Surface welltesting of Gas-Condensate
D.I. Atkinson, Schlumberger Cambridge Research; ï¿½. Reksten, 3-Phase Summary Dedicated wet-gas flowmeters are now
M. Metwalli Hassan and M. Bekkoucha, ADCO, and M. Abukhader, Schlum Abstract Production testing using portable Multiph
B.G. Pinguet, G. Roux, and N. Hopman, Schlumberger Abstract Using multiphase flowmeters in field ope
Zheng Shi-Yi, SPE, and Wang Fei, Heriot-Watt University Abstract Permanent Down-hole Gauge (PDG) ha
Yao Jun, China University of Petroleum, and Zheng Shiyi, SPE, Heriot-Watt Abstract Numerical well testing technique has bee
Zheng Shi-Yi, SPE, Heriot-Watt U. Abstract Numerical well testing started in about a
Faisal M. Al-Thawad, SPE, and Jim S. Liu, SPE, Saudi Aramco, and Raj B Abstract The objective of this study was to invest
D. Ilk, N. Hosseinpour-Zonoozi, S. Amini, and T.A. Blasingame, Texas A&M Abstract In this work we present the application o
R. Cramer, Shell Global Solutions; C. Moncur, Shell Global Solutions B.V.; Abstract Much can be done to improve the Well T
Victor T. Biu, Total E&P Nigeria, Emmanuel O. Biu, University of Port Har Abstract Before the early eighties identification o
Victor T. Biu, Total E&P Nigeria, Emmanuel O. Biu, University of Port Har Abstract Before the early eighties identification o
A.C. Gringarten, M. Bozorgzadeh, S. Daungkaew, and A. Hashemi, SPE, ImAbstract Gas condensate reservoirs exhibit a com
Manijeh Bozorgzadeh, SPE, and Alain C. Gringarten, SPE, Imperial Colleg Summary Published well-test analyses in gas/con
A. Hashemi , SPE, Imperial College London; L.M. Nicolas , SPE, Gaz de Fr Summary Gas/condensate reservoirs usually exh
Manijeh Bozorgzadeh, SPE, and Alain C. Gringarten, SPE, Imperial CollegeSummary The ability to predict well deliverability i
Pooyan Karami and Abolfazl Hashemi Petropars Oil and Gas Company NatiAbstract Pressure transient testing is one of the m
Zheng Shiyi, SPE, and Wang Fei; Heriot-Watt University; Edinburgh; Scotla Abstract Traditionally well testing is completed by
Zheng Shi-Yi and Li Xiao-Gang, Heriot-Watt U. Abstract Reservoir pressure monitoring during its
M. Zhakupov, SPE, Total S.A., and D. Ilk, SPE, and T.A. Blasingame, SPE Abstract Real gas" flow problems (i.e. problems w
John D. Matthews, SPE, Jonathan N. Carter, SPE, Robert W. Zimmerman, SSummary Relative permeabilities are fundamenta
Xianjie Yi, James E. Sabolcik, and Harvey E. Goodman, Chevron Energy
Technology Company, and Brent W. Walton, Chevron International
Exploration & Production Company Abstract Sand control decisions are often made b
A.F. Veneruso, SPE, and J. Spath, SPE, Schlumberger Abstract The pressure derivative has become the
S.N. Zakirov, I.M. Indrupskiy, E.S. Zakirov, SPE, D.P. Anikeev, A.I. Taraso Abstract Modern methodology of well testing is th
A.C. Gringarten, Imperial C. Abstract Well test analysis has been used for ma
M.-Y. Chen, B. Raghuraman, SPE, I. Bryant, SPE, and M. Supp, SchlumberAbstract Two successful field tests of streaming p
J. Rochon, SPE, V. Jaffrezic, SPE, and J.L. Boutaud de La Combe, SPE, TOAbstract One of the predicaments of traditional we
Azi, A. C.*, SPE, Imperial College, Gbo, A.**, SPE, Imperial College, Whittl Abstract Uncertainty in well test analysis results fr
Mike Tharagonnet, SPE, Marathon Oil Corporation Abstract The purpose of this paper is to increase
James J. Sheng, Baker Hughes Abstract Vertical and horizontal permeabilities are
O. Bahabanian, D. Ilk, N. Hosseinpour-Zonoozi, and T.A. Blasingame, SPE Abstract The analysis/interpretation of wellbore st
rate deconvolution provides equivalent representation of variable-rate well-test data in the form of characteristic constant rate drawdown sys
nique for analyzing and modeling the pressure data from both flow and buildup periods in closed chamber tests (CCT) has been developed.
pressure transient tests in complex faulted and stratigraphic environments can be difficult. In fluvial depositional environments where sand
pressure transient tests in complex faulted and stratigraphic environments can be difficult. In fluvial depositional environments where sand
ablished within the Industry that injection of (produced) water almost always takes place under fracturing conditions. Particularly when large
ic fracture diagnostic pumping analysis has recently improved with the use of new analysis techniques such as G-Function derivative plots
eservoir in the Greater Burgan field is a thin carbonate reservoir containing light oil in a 10-20 ft target zone with â€œgood porosity.ï¿½ Ma
eservoir in the Greater Burgan field is a thin carbonate reservoir containing light oil in a 10-20 ft target zone with â€œgood porosity.ï¿½ Ma
re three objectives of this paper. The first objective is to present a generalized geometric skin for deviated wells for all angles up to 89.9ï¿½
as wells (permeability less than 0.1 md) exhibit linear flow through their transient period. This transient period may last for years in some ca
a unique methodology designed for evaluation and optimization of multi-fractured wells in stacked pay reservoirs using commingled produc
presents an extension of transient well index approach to simulate pressure transient behavior of multilateral wells. This approach uses an
al pressure transient testing using a pressure gauge positioned at a fixed depth in a well has historically been the main source of permeab
esting analysis method is presented. The method allows for calculating the absolute permeability of the formation in the area influenced by
or many reasons the wellbore does not completely penetrate the entire formation yielding a unique early-time pressure behavior. Some of t
is often used in pressure transient testing radius of investigation still is an ambiguous concept and there is no standard definition in the pe
ngineers operating in mature fields across the world struggle to get necessary reservoir data to make their exploitation plans more realistic.
presents several field examples of applying two independent methods of increasing tested area estimation and improving reservoir characte
n field discovered in April 2003 is a low relief pancake shaped reservoir located in the UK sector of the North Sea. This relatively small of
h for new oil and gas reserves the oil industry moves to more and more remote areas of the world and to technically challenging areas of de
h for new oil and gas reserves the oil industry moves to more and more remote areas of the world and to technically challenging areas of de
describes geological and petrophysical evaluation of a new structure of a mature field to evaluate the reservoir potential in un-produced rese
volution analysis technique that evolved with development of the deconvolution algorithms by von Schroeter et al. (2004) Levitan (2005) a
k we present an investigation of recent deconvolution methods proposed by von Schroeter et al. (2002 2004) Levitan (2005) and Levitan
ation of fractures is essential during exploration drilling and well completion of naturally fractured reservoirs since they have a significant im
eness of heat injection into a target formation has a great impact on the efficiency of bitumen and heavy oil recovery and energy savings un
buildup caused by fluid thermal expansion in sealed annuli of high-presure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells can have serious consequence
covers the HPHT Gas-Condensate Exploration Well 6406/9-1 on the Onyx SW prospect of the Norway Sea in the late spring of 2005 (Figu
Field located offshore in the Caspian Sea of Azerbaijan uses permanent downhole gauges to record continuous pressure and temperature
nsate reservoirs exhibit a complex behavior when wells are produced below the dew point due to the existence of a two-fluid system reser
and appraisal campaigns for deepwater environments are a continuous challenge in todayâ€™s operations. Data acquisition in such enviro
and appraisal campaigns for deepwater environments are a continuous challenge in todayâ€™s operations. Data acquisition in such enviro
presents techniques for interpretation of Mini-Drill Stem Test (MiniDST) for establishing commingled Absolute Openhole Flow Potential (AO
ng using conventional separation-based technologies in low-pressure high gas rate environments typical of gas-lifted wells is a very difficult
ng using conventional separation-based technologies in low-pressure high gas rate environments typical of gas-lifted wells is a very difficult
f tests were performed in Yamburggasdobycha Gazprom's fields in Northern Siberia area to evaluate the performance of multiphase flowm
is one of the most effective means to characterize hydrocarbon reservoirs under dynamic conditions. Such characterization of reservoirs is
multiphase flowmeters (MPFM) for well test measurements is increasingly becoming a standard practice replacing conventional test separa
lltesting of Gas-Condensate with multiphase flowmeters is still considered a challenge for production metering. Traditional means of well tes
wet-gas flowmeters are now commercially available for the measurement of gas and liquid flow rates and offer a more compact measurem
esting using portable Multiphase Flow Meters (MPFM) was implemented in ADCO Field â€œB with objectives to quantify the water and gas
phase flowmeters in field operations has now become a widely accepted practice especially in the range of Gas Volume Fraction (GVF) of 0
Down-hole Gauge (PDG) has been widely installed in the oilfield around the world in recent years. One of the challenges in analyzing long-
well testing technique has been regarded as the future of well testing in tackling non-linear heterogeneous reservoir testing problems. Finite
well testing started in about a decade ago. The technique was developed to tackle well testing problems in heterogeneous reservoirs. Integr
ve of this study was to investigate a workflow where well test data could be used more effectively in history matching of full-field reservoir si
we present the application of the Î²-integral derivative function for the interpretation and analysis of production data. The Î²-derivative functi
be done to improve the Well Testing through effective use of minimal electronic instrumentation on the well head and the test separator. Th
early eighties identification of flow regime has been a difficult task for reservoir engineer and welltest analyst until the emergence of the der
early eighties identification of flow regime has been a difficult task for reservoir engineer and welltest analyst until the emergence of the der
nsate reservoirs exhibit a complex behavior when wells are produced below the dew point due to the existence of a two-fluid system reser
well-test analyses in gas/condensate reservoirs in which the pressure has dropped below the dewpoint are usually based on a two- or thre
ensate reservoirs usually exhibit complex flow behaviors owing to the buildup of condensate banks around the wells when the bottomhole p
to predict well deliverability is a key issue for the development of gas/condensate reservoirs. We show in this paper that well deliverability d
nsient testing is one of the most useful reservoir description methods. It provides valuable information about the reservoir/well-bore charact
well testing is completed by analysing transient pressure due to constant production rate. However in the oil industry practice engineer of
essure monitoring during its production life is to evaluate its performance to ensure the effective extraction of hydrocarbon from the reservo
ow problems (i.e. problems where the gas properties are specifically taken as implicit functions of pressure temperature and composition)
ermeabilities are fundamental to any assessment of reserves and reservoir management. When measurements on core samples are availa
l decisions are often made based on a deterministically predicted Safe Drawdown Pressure (SDP) without proper regard to the amount of u
re derivative has become the primary interpretation tool for diagnosing well and reservoir behavior. In many situations however the derivati
ethodology of well testing is the result of efforts of many scientists for more than 50 years. It is mainly based on the theory of single-phase f
alysis has been used for many years to assess well condition and obtain reservoir parameters. Early interpretation methods (using straight
ssful field tests of streaming potential measurements in oil fields have been carried out: one in a horizontal oil production well and one in a v
predicaments of traditional well testing is the requirement of shutting-in a well to conduct a pressure buildup test for the purpose of obtaining
in well test analysis results from errors in pressure and rate measurements from uncertainties in basic well and reservoir parameters; from
e of this paper is to increase the data in circulation regarding the value of well testing on established fields.ï¿½ The results of five phases o
d horizontal permeabilities are important parameters for designing well completion and predicting well performance. In the past to determine
s/interpretation of wellbore storage distorted pressure transient test data remains one of the most significant challenges in well test analysis
onstant rate drawdown system response.ï¿½Deconvolution allows one to develop additional insights into pressure transient behavior and ex
CT) has been developed. It can be used for estimating the key reservoir parameters such as reservoir pressure permeability and skin. The
environments where sand continuity is a significant uncertainty pressure transient test interpretation can generate several non-unique solu
environments where sand continuity is a significant uncertainty pressure transient test interpretation can generate several non-unique solu
ns. Particularly when large volumes of very contaminated water are injected â€“either for voidage replacement or disposal- large fractures m
-Function derivative plots after-closure analysis and step-rate tests. OnePetro
T OnePetro
€œgood porosity.ï¿½ Matrix permeability is low and natural fracture density can be variable in this reservoir.ï¿½ Thus this reservoir must b
€œgood porosity.ï¿½ Matrix permeability is low and natural fracture density can be variable in this reservoir.ï¿½ Thus this reservoir must b
r all angles up to 89.9ï¿½ extending Cincoâ€™s slant well solution to smaller bed sizes where the line source approximation is not a valid a
y last for years in some cases. It has been learned that this behavior differs in many ways from radial flow behavior. This paper reports anot
using commingled production. The specialized diagnostic procedures are based on rate-transient analyses and uses historical production
s. This approach uses an analytical solution for the well index at early times and switches to the numerical well index at late times. The use
main source of permeability and skin estimation in formations. However if a well is completed as a multi-layer commingled producer then
in the area influenced by the test and the average saturations in this area. The method applies to two-phase flow in the reservoir (oil and w
ssure behavior. Some of the main reasons for partial penetration in both fractured and unfractured formations are to prevent or delay the i
andard definition in the petroleum literature. The pressure diffusion corresponds to an instantaneous propagation of the pressure signal in th
ation plans more realistic.ï¿½ Pressure transients are the most effective way to understand the dynamic behavior of the reservoir.ï¿½ Loss
proving reservoir characterisation based on utilising the entire well t OnePetro
ea. This relatively small offshore field was developed with two sub-sea horizontal wells tied to existing production facilities. Initially the light 3
ly challenging areas of deep water.ï¿½ Development of hydrocarbon resources in these environments is extremely expensive.ï¿½ To be ec
ly challenging areas of deep water.ï¿½ Development of hydrocarbon resources in these environments is extremely expensive.ï¿½ To be ec
ential in un-produced reservoir zones. The well was drilled in a carbonate with variations in rock quality and with minor sub-faulting occurrin
(2004) Levitan (2005) and Levitan et al. (2006) became a useful addition to the suite of techniques used in well-test analysis. This deconv
evitan (2005) and Levitan et al. (2006) and Ilk et al. (2006a b). These works offer new solution methods to the long-standing deconvolution
they have a significant impact on flow contribution. There are different methods to characterize these systems based on formation properti
ry and energy savings under many steam heating processes such as the startup phase of SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) (Butle
have serious consequences such as casing failure or tubing collapse. To determine whether mitigation was required for a HP/HT developme
e late spring of 2005 (Figure 1 and 2). The well test design and execution is presented in the paper including; up front planning job design
pressure and temperature in the active producers. Bottom-hole pressure data is used extensively to understand interwell communication an
a two-fluid system reservoir gas and liquid condensate. Different mobility zones develop around the wellbore corresponding respectively to
a acquisition in such environments requires reservoir information of the highest quality before expensive development plans can be put in pl
a acquisition in such environments requires reservoir information of the highest quality before expensive development plans can be put in pl
enhole Flow Potential (AOFP) in deep water exploration wells in India. These gas bearing reservoirs are vertically heterogeneous with high p
ed wells is a very difficult operation. Owing to low retention times of the gas the quality of separation and existing instrumentation is often d
ed wells is a very difficult operation. Owing to low retention times of the gas the quality of separation and existing instrumentation is often d
ance of multiphase flowmeters in gas-condensate reservoir applications. The remoteness of the operation and the roughness of winter wea
cterization of reservoirs is as accurate as the data used for interpret OnePetro
g conventional test separators. These MPFMs are usually tested and calibrated in laboratory controlled flow loops using idealized fluids in st
aditional means of well testing have been deployed for years and used consistently for reservoir and production management. However it c
more compact measurement solution than does the traditional separator approach. The interpretation models of traditional multiphase flowm
quantify the water and gas production evaluate the performance of slugging/intermittent wells for procurement actions evaluate the produc
olume Fraction (GVF) of 0 to 85%. There is still some doubt about the performance of this type of device especially in the High (92-96%) or
llenges in analyzing long-term real-tOnePetro
oir testing problems. Finite difference and finite element methods were used before in the construction of the well testing model which was
geneous reservoirs. Integration of geoscience and well testing for improved fluvial reservoir characterisation was the first project of this kind
ng of full-field reservoir simulation models and also in situations where existing simulation models could be used in well test interpretation.
ta. The Î²-derivative function was recently proposed for the analysis and interpretation of pressure transient data [Hosseinpour-Zonoozi et a
and the test separator. The purpose of this paper is to describe Shell tools and experiences using the resulting real time data to enable we
the emergence of the derivative approach. This approach has helped to reduce the uncertainties of the interpretation of welltest result beca
the emergence of the derivative approach. This approach has helped to reduce the uncertainties of the interpretation of welltest result beca
a two-fluid system reservoir gas and liquid condensate. Different mobilit
OnePetro
y based on a two- or three-region radial composite well-test interpretation model to represent condensate dropout around the wellbore and
lls when the bottomhole pressure drops below the dewpoint pressure. The formation of this liquid saturation can lead to a severe loss of we
per that well deliverability depends mainly on the gas relative permeabilities at both the endpoint and the near-wellbore saturations as well a
eservoir/well-bore characteristics (e.g. homogeneity heterogeneities phase segregation stimulation effectiveness interventions etc.) and
ustry practice engineer often has to deal with the transient pressure resulted from variable flowing rate history. This is particularly true in the
rocarbon from the reservoir. Continuous reservoir monitoring offers a window of prospects to increase well productivity while reducing oper
erature and composition) are particularly challenging because the diffusivity equation for the "real gas" flow case is strongly non-linear.ï¿½
n core samples are available however they often predict initial water production that is not experienced by individual wells. For example d
regard to the amount of uncertainty associated with the value of SDP.OnePetro

The
ons however the derivative of the measured pressure data is uninterpretable or worse misinterpreted because of various artifacts collectiv
e theory of single-phase flow. Few publications consider two-phase flow. However they were also generally reduced to single-phase inve
n methods (using straight-lines or log-log pressure plots) were limited to the estimation of well performance. With the introduction of pressur
uction well and one in a vertical water injection well. Pressure transients were created and the streaming potentials generated by these tran
r the purpose of obtaining well and reservoir properties. This deterrent factor is more prominent in prolific wells due to loss of revenue and p
servoir parameters; from the quality of the match with the interpretation model; and from the non-uniqueness of the interpretation model. Y
e results of five phases of optimisation resulting in a 17% increase in field production following the change out of the multiphase flow mete
e. In the past to determine the permeabilities from a vertical interference test some investigators proposed correlations or type curves base
enges in well test analysis.ï¿½ Deconvolution (i.e. the conversion" of a variable-rate distorted pressure profile into the pressure profile for a
transient behavior and extract more information from well-test data than is possible by using conventional analysis methods.ï¿½In some ca
ermeability and skin. There are two aspects of the proposed approach - straight-line analysis and modeling. A novel approach is taken to d
e several non-unique solutions all of which may match test data. Using seismic attribute analysis to constrain pressure transient test interpr
e several non-unique solutions all of which may match test data. Using seismic attribute analysis to constrain pressure transient test interpr
disposal- large fractures may be induced over time. Unfortunately not much work has been carried out to date to provide methodologies fo
Thus this reservoir must be exploited using horizontal wells.ï¿½ Recently a 2 270 ft long horizontal well has been drilled in an area interpre
Thus this reservoir must be exploited using horizontal wells.ï¿½ Recently a 2 270 ft long horizontal well has been drilled in an area interpre
proximation is not a valid assumption. The second objective of this paper is to extend the slant well solution to layered reservoirs without res
r. This paper reports another import difference between linear flow and radial flow â€“ rate sensitivity. It has been shown and accepted for
uses historical production data (rates and cumulative) and the results from production logs to; 1) determine the flow rates for each individual
ex at late times. The use of the transient well index eliminates the need for excessive grid refinement around the well. In this paper we hav
mmingled producer then this conventional approach makes it difficult to measure the permeability and skin of individual layers. Greater Mu
in the reservoir (oil and water or oil and gas). Future expansion to three-phase flow is possible. Current analysis methods yield only the effe
e to prevent or delay the intrusion of unwanted fluids into the wellbore i.e. water coning.ï¿½ A similar early-time pressure behavior may be
of the pressure signal in the entire spatial domain when a flow rate or pressure pulse is applied to the sandface (beginning of a drawdown o
of the reservoir.ï¿½ Loss of production and cost of acquiring data versus the benefits has always been a classical management dilemma.ï¿
acilities. Initially the light 34ï¿½API oil was produced by natural flow and subsequently gas-lift has been used for artificial lift. A few months
y expensive.ï¿½ To be economically viable the newly discovered fields must be developed and effectively exploited with very few wells. Th
y expensive.ï¿½ To be economically viable the newly discovered fields must be developed and effectively exploited with very few wells. Th
minor sub-faulting occurring. Gamma Resistivity Density Neutron and Image services were used in the horizontal part of the well in additio
test analysis. This deconvolution algorithm however is limited to the pressure and rate data that originate from a single active well on the s
ng-standing deconvolution problem and make deconvolution a viable tool for well-test and production-data analysis. However there exists n
sed on formation properties and fluid flow behaviour such as logging and testing. Pressure-transient testing has long been recognized as a
d Gravity Drainage) (Butler 1991). However this parameter is hard to calculate due to many unknown variables such as variations in operat
ed for a HP/HT development annular pressures in an appraisal well were studied with a dedicated field test which consisted of running a pr
ront planning job design technology selection and review of the test results vs. the objectives for the well test. The paper also addresses h
nterwell communication and reservoir properties but bottom-hole temperature data had seen little use. However we now find that flowing bo
responding respectively to the original gas in place (away from the well) the condensate drop-out and capillarity number effects (close to t
ent plans can be put in place. New technology real time monitoring and integrated reservoir data are essential to understand such reservo
ent plans can be put in place. New technology real time monitoring and integrated reservoir data are essential to understand such reservo
heterogeneous with high permeability. MiniDSTâ€™s are conducted using the inflatable straddle packer system of wireline formation teste
instrumentation is often doubtful leading to an under-estimate of liquid rates. An aggravating factor is that such wells are often producing a
instrumentation is often doubtful leading to an under-estimate of liquid rates. An aggravating factor is that such wells are often producing a
roughness of winter weather conditions combined with the complexity of the fluid compositions create unique challenges to the successful
using idealized fluids in steady state conditions. However for high water-cut high gas-volume-fraction and low pressure unstable flow these
anagement. However it can be difficult to compare data sets obtained with different measurement devices. Multiphase flow meters have b
aditional multiphase flowmeters emphasize the liquid rate measurements and have been used to well test and meter mostly liquid-rich flow
ions evaluate the production test data measured by the conventional test separators and improve the testing duration and strategy. The pr
y in the High (92-96%) or Very High GVF (96-98%) ranges. Most of the purchasers put a cut off in the GVF range of 85-92% following the t
esting model which was proved worked well for the most practical cases. In this study streamline simulation techniques was further devel
he first project of this kind supported by the oil industry that time. When approaching non-unique solution problems in heterogeneous reserv
n well test interpretation. The need to effectively use information available from well test analysis in full-field simulation has long been recog
Hosseinpour-Zonoozi et al (2006)] and we demonstrate that the Î²-integral derivative and its auxiliary functions can be used to provide the
eal time data to enable well test optimization and automation. 1.0 Introduction The purpose of well testing is to periodically determine oil
tion of welltest result because key regions of radial flow and boundary features required for reservoir characterization description and evalu
tion of welltest result because key regions of radial flow and boundary features required for reservoir characterization description and evalu
around the wellbore and initial gas in place away from the well. Gas/condensate-specific results from well-test analysis are the mobility and
ead to a severe loss of well productivity and therefore lower gas recovery. Several studies have examined various ways to minimize the pre
bore saturations as well as on the reservoir permeability. We then demonstrate how these parameters and the base capillary number can b
s interventions etc.) and quantitative information about reservoir parameters (e.g. permeability fracture length average reservoir pressur
s is particularly true in the case when transient pressure data is from a PDG over a relatively long period of production time. Another well t
tivity while reducing operating costs through an improved and more accurate well performance. These are achieved through analyzing the
is strongly non-linear.ï¿½ Whereas different methods exist which allow us to approximate the solution of the real gas diffusivity equation al
dual wells. For example dry oil production occurs from portions of reservoirs where the local water saturation is relatively high even though
of various artifacts collectively termed noise. While various noise-smoothing techniques have been used there are valid concerns that smoo
uced to single-phase inverse problems. During the last several years authors have been developing an alternative trend in well testing. It
he introduction of pressure derivative analysis in 1983 and the development of complex interpretation models that are able to account for d
s generated by these transients were measured by arrays of permanent electrodes placed in the boreholes.ï¿½The electrodes are partially
e to loss of revenue and problems associated with crossflow or when bringing a well back on production. Moreover in case of commingled
he interpretation model. Yet well test analysis results are usually reported as unique values often with unrealistic precision. Most well test in
the multiphase flow meter (MPFM) are presented.ï¿½ Background on the West Brae field and the uses of the original MPFM will be discu
ations or type curves based on simplified point source solutions. However it is impossible for these correlations or type curves to cover the
o the pressure profile for an equivalent constant rate production sequence) has been in limited use as a "conversion" mechanism for the las
s methods.ï¿½In some cases it is possible to interpret the same test data in terms of larger radius of investigation.ï¿½ There are a numbe
vel approach is taken to develop the analytical solutions and procedures for both liquid and gas wells. Approximate solutions for the early-tim
sure transient test interpretation leads to better understanding of reservoir heterogeneities and boundaries and is the central theme of this
sure transient test interpretation leads to better understanding of reservoir heterogeneities and boundaries and is the central theme of this
provide methodologies for predicting and measurement of the size of waterflood-induced fractures. This contrasts to the vast amount of wo
drilled in an area interpreted to have high fracture density.ï¿½ A comprehensive test program including flowing and static pressure survey
drilled in an area interpreted to have high fracture density.ï¿½ A comprehensive test program including flowing and static pressure survey
ered reservoirs without reservoir crossflow i.e. no significant vertical permeability between individual layers within the reservoir. The third obj
shown and accepted for years that real gas pseudo-pressure can be used to apply analytical solutions to transient radial flow. However it
w rates for each individual stage in a multi-fractured well 2) apply rate-transient solutions that use rate-normalized-pressures and superposi
well. In this paper we have improved the accuracy of the transient well index approach and have provided for a flexible and easily implemen
vidual layers. Greater Munga field of the Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company (GNPOC) in Sudan has several wells that commingle
methods yield only the effective permeability for the dominant flowing phase and the â€œtotal mobility of all phases. The new method uses t
ressure behavior may be due to the presence of plugged perforations. Drilling problems associated with high mud losses when the well enc
eginning of a drawdown or injection) of a well. However the initial pressure propagation is not diffusive but it propagates like a wave with a f
l management dilemma.ï¿½ With the advent of digital oilfield technology the pressure and hence the deterioration in well deliverability can
artificial lift. A few months after first oil the field was consistently achieving production rates higher than predicted which led to a decision to
ed with very few wells. This forces the oil companies to concentrate on high quality reservoirs that yield highly productive wells with large re
ed with very few wells. This forces the oil companies to concentrate on high quality reservoirs that yield highly productive wells with large re
l part of the well in addition to Magnetic Resonance. To achieve the best possible real-time wellbore placement reservoir navigation and co
single active well on the structure. It is ideally suited for analysis of the data from exploration and appraisal well tests. The previously menti
s. However there exists no study presenting an independent assessment of all these methods revealing and discussing specific features a
ong been recognized as a reservoir characterization tool. Although welltest analysis is a recommended technique for fracture evaluation bu
ch as variations in operational conditions and steam saturation along the horizontal wellbores heat return rates and losses to the vertical s
h consisted of running a pressure/temperature memory gauge in a casing/casing annulus of a well and testing the well several times during
e paper also addresses how health safety and environmental considerations were handled. Traditional well testing methods and equipme
we now find that flowing bottom-hole temperature detects interwell communication â€“ with interference delay times consistent with pressure
number effects (close to the well). Condensate drop-out causes a non-reversible reduction in well productivity which is compensated in par
understand such reservoirs. Another challenge presented by thinly bedded reservoirs is the presence of vertical heterogeneity and varying
understand such reservoirs. Another challenge presented by thinly bedded reservoirs is the presence of vertical heterogeneity and varying
of wireline formation tester. A MiniDST transient sequence consists of a single or multiple flow periods induced using a downhole pump fol
ells are often producing at high water-cuts thus leading to significant uncertainty on oil rates. To solve such metering challenges with a lar
ells are often producing at high water-cuts thus leading to significant uncertainty on oil rates. To solve such metering challenges with a lar
allenges to the successful acquisition of well test data. The paper discusses the challenges and potential benefits of deployment in line mul
ssure unstable flow these controlled conditions are far from reality which can lead to unforeseen errors in the field. Recent experience show
phase flow meters have been proved for multiphase production metering by many operation companies worldwide. However in artic enviro
eter mostly liquid-rich flow streams. These models were not developed for the measurement of gas flow rates particularly those of wet gas.
ation and strategy. The program included in addition a set of elements to qualify the multiphase meters results before use and considered p
of 85-92% following the type of technology. These criteria are often based on past experience or special cases which could be several yea
hniques was further developed for numerical well testing purpose in which production history reservoir heterogeneity multi-well interferenc
s in heterogeneous reservoirs the traditional analytical approach based on the ideal reservoir conditions failed. An option to get an approxim
ation has long been recognized. However only limited benefit could be obtained by reconciliation of the analytical well test model with the n
an be used to provide the characteristic signatures for unfractured and fractured wells. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the app
periodically determine oil gas and water flows for accounting reporting and surveillance purposes. Hydrocarbon allocation provides officia
ion description and evaluation have been adequately diagnose. However the approach is complex for non-mathematician and an alternativ
ion description and evaluation have been adequately diagnose. However the approach is complex for non-mathematician and an alternativ
alysis are the mobility and storativity ratios between the regions and the condensate-bank radius. For a given region however well-test an
s ways to minimize the pressure drop in order to reduce liquid dropout and related problems. One solution implemented over the past decad
ase capillary number can be obtained from pressure-buildup data by using single-phase and two-phase pseudopressures simultaneously. T
average reservoir pressure skin wellbore storage etc). The study of pressure transient testing in one of the Iranian giant oilfields was initia
uction time. Another well testing method is to analyse transient flowing rate as a result of the constant well bottom hole flowing pressure. Th
ed through analyzing the long term real time dynamic transient pressure obtained from Permanent Down-hole Gauges (PDG) which will p
gas diffusivity equation all of these approximate methods have limitations (including numerical models). The purpose of this work is to prov
atively high even though the relative permeability data would predict a water cut in the range of 30 to 60%. This lack of agreement means
valid concerns that smoothing procedures may adversely affect the well-test interpretation. In contrast measurements from new pressure
ve trend in well testing. Its distinctive features are: creation of bi-directional two-phase flow in the near-wellbore region or forced creation
t are able to account for detailed geological features well test analysis has become a very powerful tool for reservoir characterization. A new
he electrodes are partially insulated from the other completion components but nonetheless record high signal-to-noise ratio responses. Th
er in case of commingled reservoirs conventional buildup provides only average values of permeability skin and pressure. An innovative
precision. Most well test interpretation software programmes use non-linear regression to determine the reservoir parameters that provide t
iginal MPFM will be discussed.ï¿½ The challenges of monitoring and optimising a subsea field without any measurement at a well level an
type curves to cover the variety of scenarios found in the real world. In the recent years people start to use regression analysis to match th
on" mechanism for the last 25 years.ï¿½ Unfortunately standard deconvolution techniques require accu-rate measurements of flowrate and
n.ï¿½ There are a number of specific issues of which one has to be aware when using pressure-rate deconvolution.ï¿½In this paper we id
e solutions for the early-time and late-time pressure behavior are derived from the rigorous solution and are used for developing the basis fo
the central theme of this paper.ï¿½ Additionally seismic data can guide the design of pressure transient tests especially the test duration
the central theme of this paper.ï¿½ Additionally seismic data can guide the design of pressure transient tests especially the test duration
to the vast amount of work that has been done for stimulation (e.g. propped) fractures. Injection Fall-Off (IFO) test analysis offers a cheap
nd static pressure surveys modified isochronal test two buildup tests and FloScan Imager (FSI) log has been carried out to evaluate this
nd static pressure surveys modified isochronal test two buildup tests and FloScan Imager (FSI) log has been carried out to evaluate this
he reservoir. The third objective of this paper is to present a methodology for the analysis of high angle well pressure transient tests. This p
nt radial flow. However it has been noticed that analytical solutions can be in serious error when applied to transient linear flow. Specifically
-pressures and superposition-in-time to evaluate response accordingly to the fracture flow periods 3) estimate reservoir and fracture effect
exible and easily implementable approach to place multilaterals in conventional Cartesian-grid reservoir models. Introduction Pressure-tra
veral wells that commingle production from the Aradabia Bentiu-2 and Bentiu-3 formations. These formations are highly variable in terms of
s. The new method uses the surface flow rates and fluid properties of the flowing phases and the same relative permeability relations used
losses when the well encounters fractures often prevent well penetration of the total formation thickness. Penetration in naturally fractured
agates like a wave with a finite speed. If we have a pressure gauge at a distance we will only start to detect a pressure change (drop or inc
n in well deliverability can be continuously and cost effectively monitored.ï¿½ This paper illustrates how real-time data can be used to make
which led to a decision to enhance the application of early extensive reservoir engineering studies aiming to better understand the reservoir
ductive wells with large reserves per well.ï¿½ High costs prohibit extensive appraisal activity and drive development decisions based on ve
ductive wells with large reserves per well.ï¿½ High costs prohibit extensive appraisal activity and drive development decisions based on ve
eservoir navigation and continuous follow-up on the horizontal log interpretation was performed during drilling. For the first time a low gradi
sts. The previously mentioned deconvolution algorithm can not be used with the data that are acquired during startup and early field develo
ussing specific features associated with the use of each method in a unified manner. The algorithms used in this study for evaluating the vo
or fracture evaluation but its use is still not well understood. Analysis of pressure transient data provides dynamic reservoir properties suc
and losses to the vertical section above the target formation. This paper proposes a new technique to estimate cooling time and formation t
well several times during a 3-month period after which the gauge was retrieved and the data were read out. First of all comparison of the
ng methods and equipment have evolved over the years adapting to changing requirements. This has resulted in requirements for more co
s consistent with pressure transient analysis â€“ and can be used to estimate interwell permeability. To explain our observations we propos
ch is compensated in part by capillarity number effects. All these effects can be identified and quantified from well test data. Tests in conde
eterogeneity and varying layer flow properties. Wireline formation testers have been commonly used to acquire formation pressures press
eterogeneity and varying layer flow properties. Wireline formation testers have been commonly used to acquire formation pressures press
ing a downhole pump followed by a pressure buildup. The objectives of a MiniDST are sampling estimation of reservoir properties such as
ering challenges with a large majority of their wells operating above 95% gas fraction under metering conditions and water cuts often higher
ering challenges with a large majority of their wells operating above 95% gas fraction under metering conditions and water cuts often higher
of deployment in line multiphase flowmeters in the difficult operating environment of Northern Siberia. The reduced logistics and the ability
. Recent experience shows that in certain conditions the various types of multiphase flowmeters react quite differently to the measurement
e. However in artic environmental conditions like those of Yamburgskoe gas-condensate field with low ambient temperature and production
icularly those of wet gas. A new interpretation is described that allows a traditional multiphase flowmeter to operate in a dual mode either a
ore use and considered parallel testing with conventional separators to allow fair comparison of results. More than 50 wells were tested du
which could be several years old. A split in terms of naming is even commonly accepted in the multiphase business between Multiphase Flo
eity multi-well interference as well as oil-water two phase flow problems were all considered. Streamline well testing model was developed
n option to get an approximate solution for the problem is to solve the non-linear pressure diffusivity equation through well test numerical mo
well test model with the numerical full-field model. We present a more complete approach where a more integrated approach using a comm
s to demonstrate the application of the production data" formulation of the Î²-derivative function (i.e. the Î²-integral derivative) for the purpos
allocation provides official reports of well and reservoir production for lease owners petroleum revenue tax purposes and management re
matician and an alternative method for improving its interpretation and reducing the difficulty of its practical application havenâ€™t been di
matician and an alternative method for improving its interpretation and reducing the difficulty of its practical application havenâ€™t been di
on however well-test analysis cannot uncouple the storativity ratio from the region radius and the storativity ratio must be estimated indep
ented over the past decade is the use of horizontal wells. There is a lack of published knowledge on the flow behavior of horizontal wells in
essures simultaneously. These parameters can in turn be used to estimate gas relative permeability curves. Finally we illustrate this approa
an giant oilfields was initially undertaken to estimate important well and reservoir flow parameters and characterize heterogeneities in the F
hole flowing pressure. The method is so-called decline curve analysis. However in reality because of production constraints or changes in
auges (PDG) which will provide input and vital information for improving the existing reservoir model for flow simulation. Reservoir monitor
ose of this work is to provide a direct solution mechanism for the case of time-dependent real gas flow which uses an approach that combin
ack of agreement means that effective reservoir management is hampered because it is difficult for simulation models to mimic the observe
ments from new pressure gauge systems can now provide the stability and resolution required to characterize/quantify complexities of the w
region or forced creation of two- or three-phase fluid flow; interpretation of well test results based on 1D 2D or 3D multiphase optimiza
oir characterization. A new milestone has been reached recently with the introduction of deconvolution. Deconvolution is a process which c
noise ratio responses. These field experiments have demonstrated that the streaming potentials arising from pressure transients can be me
pressure. An innovative periodic well testing technique named WTPL (Well Testing by Production Logging) has been developed in which a
parameters that provide the best match between actual rate and pressure data and a given interpretation model. The non-linear regression
rement at a well level and the benefits associated with well testing are presented.ï¿½ The five phases used to optimise this six producer w
ssion analysis to match the responses at the source interval and the observation point. With regression analysis we face the problem of no
surements of flowrate and pressure â€” at downhole (or sandface) conditions.ï¿½ While accurate pressure measurements are commonplac
on.ï¿½In this paper we identify and discuss these issues and provide practical considerations and recommendations on how to produce co
for developing the basis for the straight-line analysis. A derivative function is utilized to ascertain if the data contains any portion of reservoi
specially the test duration to evaluate key seismic anomalies.ï¿½ Other data such as production history core data formation evaluation from
specially the test duration to evaluate key seismic anomalies.ï¿½ Other data such as production history core data formation evaluation from
st analysis offers a cheap way to infer the dimensions of induced fractures from welltests.ï¿½ This paper presents a new methodology for IF
arried out to evaluate this well. The material discussed in this paper provides a good basis for evaluating long-term production potential of h
arried out to evaluate this well. The material discussed in this paper provides a good basis for evaluating long-term production potential of h
ure transient tests. This paper compares the high angle and horizontal well solutions showing Cincoâ€™s slant well solution is valid provid
nt linear flow. Specifically the slope of the departs from the analytical value as the flow rates or degree of drawdown become higher. This
servoir and fracture effective properties and 4) evaluate the completion efficiency. The field examples presented in the paper demonstrates
ntroduction Pressure-transient responses of wells are conventionally analyzed and interpreted by using analytical solutions of diffusion equ
highly variable in terms of the reservoir properties oil types and pressure regimes. A selective inflow performance (SIP) test was carried ou
rmeability relations used in characterizing the reservoir and predicting its future performance. The method has been verified by comparing
ation in naturally fractured reservoirs is usually minimal (10 to 20%) but with the right mud it can reach 50% and in some cases 100%.ï¿½
ssure change (drop or increase) after a few seconds or minutes even if we have a perfect pressure gauge with 0.0 psi resolution. After the
data can be used to make decisions on when to invest in pressure transient tests and when a test is run how to minimize the downtime.ï¿½
understand the reservoir mechanism volumes in place and their implications for field depletion plans. Data from permanent pressure gau
ent decisions based on very few wells.ï¿½ Whilst these limited penetrations are often logged extensively using modern formation evaluation
ent decisions based on very few wells.ï¿½ Whilst these limited penetrations are often logged extensively using modern formation evaluation
r the first time a low gradient Magnetic Resonance (MR) while drilling technology was deployed in a virgin carbonate horizontal well on the N
rtup and early field development that normally involve several producing wells. The paper describes a generalization of deconvolution to mu
study for evaluating the von Schroeter et al. and Levitan methods represent our independent implementations of their methods based on th
c reservoir properties such as average permeability fracture storativity and fracture conductivity. An infusion of geological knowledge helps
oling time and formation thermal diffusivity by using thermal transient analysis (TTA) along the horizontal wellbore under a steam heating pr
st of all comparison of the magnitude of the observed annular pressures with the burst and collapse ratings of the casings shows that annu
requirements for more complex data gathering over a shorter time with much stricter environmental and safety constraints. Coupled with in
r observations we propose that FBHT responds to the impact of pressure changes. The principal result is a change in the producing GOR
ll test data. Tests in condensate reservoirs however tend to be difficult to interpret. Build-up and/or drawdown data are usually dominated
ormation pressures pressure and reservoir fluid samples for a number of decades. Many hardware technologies and interpretation methods
ormation pressures pressure and reservoir fluid samples for a number of decades. Many hardware technologies and interpretation methods
servoir properties such as permeability (k) skin(s) radial extrapolated pressure (p*) and estimating AOFP. AOFP is an important gas well fl
nd water cuts often higher than 90 % TOTAL ABK has evaluated different well testing & monitoring strategies based on multiphase meterin
nd water cuts often higher than 90 % TOTAL ABK has evaluated different well testing & monitoring strategies based on multiphase meterin
ed logistics and the ability to monitor in real time the true evolution of the gas and condensate wells provide an in-depth view of the actual w
ently to the measurement challenges of transient flows in high water cut and high gas volume fractions (GVF).ï¿½ Some meters can be unr
mperature and production rate regulation restrictions this process had to be revalidated and the operational capabilities confirmed with all o
te in a dual mode either as a multiphase meter or as a wet-gas meter in 90 to 100% gas. The new interpretation model was developed for a
n 50 wells were tested during this campaign. All these wells were selected carefully to represent anomalies that need to be investigated for
s between Multiphase Flow Meter and Wet Gas Meter. With the recent dedicated Gas Mode developed by Schlumberger it is now possible
ing model was developed to analyze pressure draw down and build up under these field conditions. In the developed well testing mathema
ugh well test numerical modelling and simulation. Well test analysis and interpretation conducted on this basis is called numerical well testin
ed approach using a common model is advocated. . The benefits of such a workflow can be summarized as follows: â€¢ï¿½ï¿½ Improved
derivative) for the purpose of estimating reservoir properties contacted in-place fluid and reserves. Our main objective is to introduce a ne
oses and management reports as well as feeding into hydrocarbon reserve figures and reservoir simulations which are used for major field
ation havenâ€™t been discovered most especially where there is inconsistency in data sampling. The statistical approach (VEMST) utilize
ation havenâ€™t been discovered most especially where there is inconsistency in data sampling. The statistical approach (VEMST) utilize
o must be estimated independently to obtain the correct bank radius. In most cases the storativity ratio is calculated incorrectly which expla
avior of horizontal wells in gas/condensate reservoirs. The limited studies in this area (Muladi and Pinczewski 1999; Dehane et al. 2000; Ha
y we illustrate this approach with both simulated pressure-buildup data and an actual field case. Introduction and Background In gas/cond
e heterogeneities in the Fn limestone formation; However during the course of interpretation numerous engineering complexities were enc
constraints or changes in operating procedures the down-hole flowing pressure seldom remains at a constant level over a long period of tim
ulation. Reservoir monitoring during field development can amplify the understanding of the reservoir depletion compartmentalization and
s an approach that combines the so-called average pressure approximation (a convolution for the right-hand-side nonï¿½linearity) and the L
dels to mimic the observed reservoir production without use of data that may bear little resemblance to measurements. After a brief discuss
ntify complexities of the well/reservoir system which may otherwise have gone unnoticed. In this paper we endeavor to reconcile the adva
r 3D multiphase optimization problems. Obviously in this case well testing techniques are rather more complicated. They become scienc
ution is a process which converts pressure data at variable rate into a single drawdown at constant rate thus making more data available fo
sure transients can be measured accurately under borehole conditions.ï¿½Numerical methods have been developed to interpret these mea
een developed in which a cyclic wave function is imposed in the wellbore by modulating the flowrate. The analysis of the acquired rate func
The non-linear regression evaluates the match quality as a standard correlation between each parameter. This however only estimates the
ptimise this six producer well system are detailed along with the economic benefits seen.ï¿½ These economic benefits are compared to the
we face the problem of non-unique solutions. Sometimes an estimated permeability is outside a reasonable range when analyzing noisy da
rements are commonplace the measurement of sandface flowrates is rare essentially non-existent in practice. As such the "deconvolutio
ons on how to produce correct deconvolution results.ï¿½We also demonstrate reliable use of deconvolution on a number of real test examp
ns any portion of reservoir-dominated flow. Two synthetic data examples are presented to illustrate the process. ï¿½Important contribution
formation evaluation from well logs analog information on channel geometry etc. is also important in getting a better understanding of res
formation evaluation from well logs analog information on channel geometry etc. is also important in getting a better understanding of res
a new methodology for IFO test analysis of fractured waterflood wells. This methodology derives the dimensions of induced fractures and
m production potential of horizontal wells exploiting tight and thin reservoirs with reservoir pressures close to the bubble-point pressure. Te
m production potential of horizontal wells exploiting tight and thin reservoirs with reservoir pressures close to the bubble-point pressure. Te
ell solution is valid provided the bed is sufficiently thick. As a practical matter the standard horizontal well is rare. Most of the horizontal we
wn become higher. This paper demonstrates the rate/drawdown sensitivity of transient linear flow. Then a correction factor is presented wh
n the paper demonstrates the application of the production optimization methodology in practice. The approach permits quantification of the
l solutions of diffusion equation for relatively simpler reservoir architectures. For more complex reservoir situations involving multi-phase flo
(SIP) test was carried out during production logging (PL) jobs in some of these wells and it indicated that the productivity index (P.I.) of the
en verified by comparing the results from analyzing several synthetic tests that were produced by a numerical simulator with the input value
n some cases 100%.ï¿½ Such well completions are referred to as limited-entry restricted-entry or partially penetrating wells. The transient
0 psi resolution. After the initial propagation pressure starts to diffuse or propagates as diffusion and we start to observe pressure change a
minimize the downtime.ï¿½ The case studies presented here are for wells on electrical submersible pumps in various types of reservoirs acr
permanent pressure gauges installed in the two open-hole gravel-packed horizontal producers was analysed to improve understanding of
dern formation evaluation tools the acquired static data cannot confirm that the wells will drain sufficient reserves. Evaluation of reservoir c
dern formation evaluation tools the acquired static data cannot confirm that the wells will drain sufficient reserves. Evaluation of reservoir c
ate horizontal well on the Norwegian Continental Shelf. The MR Service was run to obtain porosities (incl. partitioning of movable and bound
on of deconvolution to multiwell pressure and rate data. Several approaches and ideas for multiwell deconvolution are investigated and eva
heir methods based on the material presented in their papers not the original algorithms implemented by von Schroeter et al. and Levitan. T
ological knowledge helps reducing uncertainty associated with any well-test interpretation. The static properties of naturally fractured reserv
under a steam heating process. A novel concept of a heating ring is also introduced to measure the heat storage in the heated bitumen at
casings shows that annular pressure buildup is a serious consideration in casing design. Such design is to be based on theoretical models
nstraints. Coupled with increased needs for more accurate reservoir data for prospect evaluation this has put a higher emphasis on upfron
ge in the producing GOR which in turn depends on the speed and magnitude at which a pressure change is transmitted through the reservo
ta are usually dominated by wellbore phase redistribution effects and the main analysis challenge is to distinguish between reservoir effects
nd interpretation methods have been developed to acquire better quality reservoir information. Dual packer wireline formation testers offer a
nd interpretation methods have been developed to acquire better quality reservoir information. Dual packer wireline formation testers offer a
is an important gas well flow parameter and is used to determine the commerciality of discovered prospects. We use a two step approach i
ed on multiphase metering use. A compact dual-energy gamma-ray Venturi multiphase flow meter (MPFM) was selected and placed under
ed on multiphase metering use. A compact dual-energy gamma-ray Venturi multiphase flow meter (MPFM) was selected and placed under
depth view of the actual well performance. The evolution of the real dynamics of the wells stabilization after a change of choke can be obse
Some meters can be unreliable in measuring oil rates in certain conditions which leads to inaccurate estimation of the wells' potential and
bilities confirmed with all of the logistical challenge of this environment. A number of recommendations to prevent and mitigate the impact o
model was developed for a commercially available multiphase flowmeter consisting of a venturi and a dual-energy composition meter. This c
eed to be investigated for possible proactive actions. Some of these wells were tested more than once to qualify and validate the production
mberger it is now possible to test both gas and oil wells with the same hardware. The focus put in the past few years on a combination of ro
ped well testing mathematical models along each streamline equations were solved all together numerically to derive transient pressure so
alled numerical well testing. This technique has been proved through study and research in the past few years to be an effective way to so
s: â€¢ï¿½ï¿½ Improved well test interpretation by using simulation models that have been built using geological geophysical petro-physic
jective is to introduce a new practical tool for the analysis/interpretation of the production data using a new diagnostic rate and pressure dro
h are used for major field decisions e.g. where to drill the next out-step well. Surveillance is key to determining well and reservoir behaviou
approach (VEMST) utilized simple statistical tools such as StatDiff StatDev and StatExp derived from time series analysis to identify possib
approach (VEMST) utilized simple statistical tools such as StatDiff StatDev and StatExp derived from time series analysis to identify possib
ed incorrectly which explains why condensate bank radii from well-test analysis often differ greatly from those obtained by numerical compo
9; Dehane et al. 2000; Harisch et al. 2001) focused on well performance rather than on well-test behavior. There has been no evidence of c
Background In gas/condensate reservoirs a condensate bank forms around the wellbore when the bottomhole pressure (BHP) falls below
ng complexities were encountered due to the nature of well behavior and reservoir conditions led to the masking of the actual reservoir resp
el over a long period of time. Deconvolution is a technique which can be used to convert measured transient pressure due to variable san
ompartmentalization and efficiency of water injection also the presence of any flow barriers (such as activated fault). On this basis reservo
nonï¿½linearity) and the Laplace transformation.ï¿½ For reference Mireles and Blasingame used a similar scheme to solve the real gas flo
ents. After a brief discussion of relative permeability the focus of this paper is first to examine the uncertainties in the data that are used fo
avor to reconcile the advances in well-test interpretation and in measurement technology. Specifically we describe a new technique for diffe
ated. They become science-intensive. On the other hand they firstly extend the list of parameters and relations determined - those require
ng more data available for interpretation than in the original data set where only periods at constant rate can be analyzed. Consequently i
ped to interpret these measurements to offer distributed characterization of matrix permeability at various depths of investigation and effecti
s of the acquired rate function and the resulting pressure wave then provides formation characteristics such as permeability and skin in the
owever only estimates the match errors and does not incorporate the other errors that must be accounted for to understand the overall unc
nefits are compared to the economic case used to justify the replacement of the original MPFM. Introduction Subsea fields tied back to exi
e when analyzing noisy data from real tests. In a wireline vertical interference test we perform a drawdown test followed by a buildup test. B
As such the "deconvolution" of wellbore storage distorted pressure test data is problematic â€” in theory this process is possible but in prac
number of real test examples. Introduction Evaluation and assessment of pressure transient behavior in well-test data normally begins with
¿½Important contributions made in this study are as follows: The analysis procedure is simple enough to implement in a spreadsheet bu
etter understanding of reservoir description. While we briefly discuss all relevant data the focus of this paper is primarily on integrating seism
etter understanding of reservoir description. While we briefly discuss all relevant data the focus of this paper is primarily on integrating seism
of induced fractures and the extent to which these are contained to the target injection layer. Furthermore the paper focuses on the applic
ubble-point pressure. Test data interpretation highlights successful development of inflow and tubing performance relationships bubble-po
ubble-point pressure. Test data interpretation highlights successful development of inflow and tubing performance relationships bubble-po
Most of the horizontal wells drilled in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) are better approximated by the deviated well model because they transect a
tion factor is presented which corrects the slope of the plot and improves the accuracy of and OGIP as calculated from production/pressure
ermits quantification of the reservoir and fracture properties on a layer-by-layer or frac stage-by-stage by evaluating the production well his
s involving multi-phase flow and reservoir heterogeneity numerical simulation is usually the only resort. Numerical simulators generally focu
ductivity index (P.I.) of the individual layers varies widely ranging from 1.5 to 15 b/d/psi. This illustrated the need for a method to estimate th
ulator with the input values. Use of the method with field data is also described. The new method could be applied wherever values of abso
ating wells. The transient flow behavior in these types of completions is different and more complex compared to that of a fully penetrating w
bserve pressure change at a given space and time above the pressure gauge resolution and natural background noise which could be as h
us types of reservoirs across Latin America. The paper briefly discusses the three pillars of digital oilfield; technology processes and peop
mprove understanding of the reservoir. Average reservoir pressure productivity index and connected volume were interpreted from build-up
. Evaluation of reservoir connectivity over large distances from the well requires relatively long and expensive well tests. In this paper we re
. Evaluation of reservoir connectivity over large distances from the well requires relatively long and expensive well tests. In this paper we re
ing of movable and bound fluids) HC saturations and permeability estimates. Fluid saturations based on traditional methods and the MR w
n are investigated and evaluated. The paper presents the results of this investigation and demonstrates performance of the deconvolution a
roeter et al. and Levitan. Three synthetic cases and one field case are considered for the investigation. Our results identify the key issues r
f naturally fractured reservoirs such as fracture distribution fracture aperture matrix block size and fracture porosity can be obtained from p
in the heated bitumen at the time of testing. Heating ring can be considered analogous to a drainage area in a conventional pressure trans
sed on theoretical models for annular pressure buildup. The data acquired with the test serve to validate these models. The data demonstr
gher emphasis on upfront planning and improved technical performance together with extensive use of advanced fluid data gathering meth
mitted through the reservoir. The effect is pronounced when flowing pressures are below bubble-point and compounded by Chiragâ€™s ste
between reservoir effects boundary effects fluid behavior and wellbore phase redistribution perturbations. The paper compares theoretica
e formation testers offer an alternative an additional way to selectively straddle a section of a reservoir and provide the capability to conduc
e formation testers offer an alternative an additional way to selectively straddle a section of a reservoir and provide the capability to conduc
use a two step approach in establishing commingled AOFP of gas wells. First we conduct a multiple station MiniDST run and interpret the d
elected and placed under field trial to assess whether this technology could reduce the uncertainty on oil production by removing any impac
elected and placed under field trial to assess whether this technology could reduce the uncertainty on oil production by removing any impac
nge of choke can be observed and monitored accurately with the in-line Venturi â€“ Dual Energy gamma ray multiphase flowmeter. The imp
of the wells' potential and associated uncertainty in plans for production optimization. For example the inaccuracies in measured oil rates co
and mitigate the impact of the hydrate and document major benefits of multiphase well testing are based on the accumulated operational e
composition meter. This combination results in excellent predictions of the gas flow rate; the liquid rate prediction is made with acceptable a
nd validate the production test results by the MPFM. Production test results were carefully analized and compared with the results of test se
ars on a combination of robust and simple measurements (Venturi and gamma ray) in multiphase flow-metering solutions for any type of we
erive transient pressure solutions for draw downs and build ups. Results such as pressure distributions field saturation maps and the distrib
be an effective way to solve the problems not only for single phase flow in heterogeneous formation but also for multi-phase (heterogeneo
geophysical petro-physical and dynamic data. â€¢ï¿½ï¿½ Improved history matching of simulation models by incorporating transient pres
stic rate and pressure drop diagnostic function. This paper provides the following contributions for the analysis and interpretation of gas pro
well and reservoir behaviour and ensuring optimal well productivity and integrity. Routine well testing is an established procedure. Wells ar
analysis to identify possible unseen features diagnose key flow regime for reservoir description and act as checkmate/alternative to the der
analysis to identify possible unseen features diagnose key flow regime for reservoir description and act as checkmate/alternative to the der
ained by numerical compositional simulation. In this study a new method is introduced to estimate the storativity ratios between the differen
has been no evidence of condensate dropout effects in published horizontal-well-test data. This paper presents preliminary results from a s
ressure (BHP) falls below the dewpoint pressure. This creates three different saturation zones around the well. Close to the wellbore high
of the actual reservoir response: 1) a high permeable reservoir with high degree of heterogeneities with high skin and high wellbore storage
ssure due to variable sand-face rate into the transient pressure response as a result of equivalent constant flowing rate. This technique can
ult). On this basis reservoir management can be more accurate and realistic. In contrast to the data obtained from the traditional well test s
me to solve the real gas flow problem conditioned by the constant rate inner boundary condition. In this work we provide a direct solution sc
n the data that are used for the predictions. This then provides a numerically structured approach to adjustments that need to be made to da
e a new technique for differentiating well-test-pressure data the digital pressure derivative technique. This approach produces the most acc
etermined - those required for up-to-date 3D flow simulations. Added features include relative permeabilities for oil gas and water capillar
analyzed. Consequently it is possible to see boundaries in deconvolved data a considerable advantage compared to conventional analysis
f investigation and effective fracture transmissibility. While streaming potentials have been observed in many laboratory rock experiments
rmeability and skin in the vicinity of the well. This technique eliminates the disadvantage of shutting-in a well and maintains the production w
nderstand the overall uncertainty on the analysis. The paper presents a practical methodology for the determination of error bounds in well
sea fields tied back to existing infrastructure are a cost-effective way of accessing reserves that could not support the cost associated with
llowed by a buildup test. Because of the delay of response the pressure at the observation probe continues to drop for some time during th
ess is possible but in practice without accurate measurements of flowrates this process can not be employed.ï¿½ In this work we provide
data normally begins with examination of test data on different analysis plots [e.g. a Bourdet (1983 1989) derivative plot a superposition (
ment in a spreadsheet but is more accurate than the currently available methods. Calculating influx rates during the drawdown period is no
marily on integrating seismic amplitude response with pressure transient test interpretation.ï¿½ The interpretation of the pressure transient
marily on integrating seismic amplitude response with pressure transient test interpretation.ï¿½ The interpretation of the pressure transient
per focuses on the application of this methodology to a waterflood offshore Sakhalin in the Russian far East. The methodology is based on
e relationships bubble-point pressure estimation as well as quantification of reservoir parameters.ï¿½ This paper describes unique challeng
e relationships bubble-point pressure estimation as well as quantification of reservoir parameters.ï¿½ This paper describes unique challeng
el because they transect all beds within the reservoir to ensure complete drainage of the reservoir. Since shales dividing the reservoir into m
from production/pressure performance. Introduction Many wells in tight gas reservoirs have long-term performance which exhibit only line
ing the production well history as an extended drawdown and in combination with direct physical measurements of the flow rates and flowin
l simulators generally focus on the long-term performance of reservoirs. These simulators are not very sensitive to the short-term character
or a method to estimate the permeability and skin of each layer. This information was needed for reservoir model calibration well productivi
d wherever values of absolute permeability or fluids saturations are used in predicting well and reservoir performance. Probably the major im
hat of a fully penetrating well. This paper proposes a method for identifying on the pressure and pressure derivative curves the unique ch
noise which could be as high as 0.1 psi. One of the constant background noises is the effect of tidal forces. In this work we present new fo
logy processes and people and how they work together to achieve continuous reservoir and production optimization.ï¿½ Reservoir analysi
e interpreted from build-up & drawdown tests. The calculated oil in place volumes were history matched with multiple Material Balance runs
tests. In this paper we review a number of critical points associated with design and execution of such tests.ï¿½ The key here is to ensure
tests. In this paper we review a number of critical points associated with design and execution of such tests.ï¿½ The key here is to ensure
al methods and the MR were evaluated and compared by core data enhancing the understanding of the measurement and the reservoir. F
ce of the deconvolution algorithm on synthetic multiwell test data. Introduction Pressure-rate deconvolution is a way of reconstructing the c
ts identify the key issues regarding the successful and practical application of each method. In addition we show that with proper care and
ty can be obtained from processing of Image Log data. Simulation of naturally fractured reservoirs needs defining fracture permeability sh
nventional pressure transient analysis. The proposed cooling time and formation thermal diffusivity calculated along the horizontal wellbore
odels. The data demonstrate that in general the theoretical models overpredicted pressure buildup in the annulus. This overprediction was
fluid data gathering methodologies. This paper demonstrates how the above was addressed for the Onyx SW and how the results compar
unded by Chiragâ€™s steeply dipping reservoir having gradients versus depth in saturation temperature bubble-point and solution-GOR.
paper compares theoretical well test behaviors in vertical and horizontal wells as obtained from compositional simulation with actual behavio
e the capability to conduct controlled local production and interference as well as to enable the capture of reservoir fluids. Formation perme
e the capability to conduct controlled local production and interference as well as to enable the capture of reservoir fluids. Formation perme
ST run and interpret the data to estimate reservoir parameters (k s and p*). We also compute non-Darcy flow coefficient (D) using Swift &
on by removing any impact of imperfect separation. 20 tests were performed considering 15 wells over a period of 10 days to assess MPFM
on by removing any impact of imperfect separation. 20 tests were performed considering 15 wells over a period of 10 days to assess MPFM
phase flowmeter. The importance of the hydrate detection and mitigation processes is essential in the performance of successful tests in th
s in measured oil rates could be greater than the gain expected from a stimulation or restoration. An inaccurate measure of oil rate also lead
ccumulated operational experience from the operations of various multiphase flowmeters in the area. Most of the gas condensate wells in
is made with acceptable accuracy and no additional measurements. The wet gas and low-liquid-volume-fraction interpretation model is des
d with the results of test separators for fair evaluation and interpretation of wellâ€™s behaviour. The comparison indicated that the multipha
olutions for any type of well based on the advantages and benefits of theï¿½ industry recognized Vx* Technology.ï¿½ In this paper we wil
ation maps and the distribution of streamlines can all be produced through the developed simulator and visualized. It was proved through b
multi-phase (heterogeneous fluid properties) flow in heterogeneous formation. This paper will present study result and new development in
ncorporating transient pressure data. â€¢ï¿½ï¿½ Use common data models like fluid (PVT) and SCAL data. Existing commercial well test
nd interpretation of gas production data using the Î²-integral derivative function: Schematic diagrams of various production data functions u
shed procedure. Wells are for the most part manually diverted to a gravity separator or multi-phase meter and oil water and gas phases a
mate/alternative to the derivative approach to interpret complex features. Result from channel sand low and high permeability reservoir inf
mate/alternative to the derivative approach to interpret complex features. Result from channel sand low and high permeability reservoir inf
atios between the different zones from buildup data when the saturation profile does not change during the buildup. Application of the meth
reliminary results from a study aimed at establishing an understanding of the near-wellbore well-test behavior in horizontal wells in gas/con
ose to the wellbore high condensate saturation reduces the effective permeability to gas resulting in severe well productivity decline (Knia
and high wellbore storage 2) Partial penetration behavior due to asphaltene plugging on the sand-face/left fish in hole 3) an obvious hump
g rate. This technique can also be used to derive the transient flowing rate due to equivalent constantpressure of a reservoir system from m
m the traditional well test such as DST pressure data from PDG is large in quantity (long term up to six years) noisy multiple phase flow an
rovide a direct solution scheme to solve the constant pressure inner boundary condition problem. Our new semi-analytical solution was dev
hat need to be made to data so that history matching of simulation models can be achieved. The relative permeabilities rather than saturati
ch produces the most accurate and representative dp/dt curve by incorporating knowledge of both reservoir and pressure-gauge physics. T
il gas and water capillary pressures and full tensor permeability. Secondly these parameters and relations characterize the effective (rea
d to conventional analysis where boundaries are often not seen and must be inferred.ï¿½This has a significant impact on the ability to certi
oratory rock experiments we believe these are the first streaming potential transients to be measured in an oil field. The field experiment re
maintains the production with a modulating periodic pattern. In addition the WTPL can be easily applied to commingled reservoirs to estima
on of error bounds in well test analysis and illustrates its application with well tests from an oil reservoir and a gas condensate reservoir in th
the cost associated with a new platform development.ï¿½ A specific challenge with subsea developments is the repair following a failure in
op for some time during the buildup period at the source interval. The maximum pressure drop at the observation probe with regard to the m
½ In this work we provide explicit (direct) deconvolution of wellbore storage distorted pressure test data using only those pressure data. Th
ive plot a superposition (semilog) plot or a Cartesian plot].ï¿½Each of these plots provides a different view of the pressure transient behav
he drawdown period is not an essential part of the analysis or modeling. Thus any noise in the data would not aggravate the accuracy of c
n of the pressure transient test is done numerically guided by an initial interpretation of point bar and channel system geometry from seismi
n of the pressure transient test is done numerically guided by an initial interpretation of point bar and channel system geometry from seismi
methodology is based on an exact solution to the fully transient elliptical fluid flow equation around a closing fracture with changing conduc
describes unique challenges encountered in interpreting transient pressure data from this horizontal well due to multi-phase flow and short
describes unique challenges encountered in interpreting transient pressure data from this horizontal well due to multi-phase flow and short
viding the reservoir into multiple vertical compartments provide the impetus for drilling a high angle transect instead of a horizontal well pen
nce which exhibit only linear flow not radial flow during the transient period. Wells have been observed which stay in the transient linear flo
f the flow rates and flowing pressures. Such a unique procedure provides a great advantage since parameters such as; permeability (keffec
o the short-term characteristics of flow in the near-wellbore region which is the focus of the short-term pressure-transient tests. For exampl
calibration well productivity prediction low productivity diagnosis and remedial action selection. Two solutions were proposed to GNPOC; u
nce. Probably the major impact would be in reservoir simulation studies where the need to transform well testing permeability to simulator in
ive curves the unique characteristics of the different flow regimes resulting from these types of completions and to obtain various reservoir
s work we present new formulae for radius of investigation in radial-cylindrical reservoirs and new techniques for general systems. The new
on.ï¿½ Reservoir analysis for wells on electrical submersible pumps (ESP) is challenging due to the restrictions imposed by the downhole e
ple Material Balance runs which used BPâ€™s TDRM Top Down Reservoir Modelling1 process. This powerful tool is designed to evaluate
The key here is to ensure that the data acquired during the test will contain sufficient information to draw conclusions about the reservoir co
The key here is to ensure that the data acquired during the test will contain sufficient information to draw conclusions about the reservoir co
ement and the reservoir. For post-processing the MR data were integrated and interpreted together with the other measurements performed
way of reconstructing the characteristic pressure transient behavior of a reservoir-well system hidden in the test data by well-rate variation d
hat with proper care and attention in applying these methods deconvolution can be an important tool for the analysis and interpretation of v
g fracture permeability shape factor and fracture porosity in the fracture model. However in most simulation studies due to high uncertainti
ng the horizontal wellbore can be used to assess the effectiveness of the conduction heating. Cooling time in this paper is defined as the th
s. This overprediction was more pronounced at higher temperatures (and pressures) than at lower temperatures which could not be explain
nd how the results compared with the set goals. The application of the latest technologies in Gas-Condensate well testing was used on this
point and solution-GOR. Field examples highlight the strong cause-effect relationship between producer-injector and producer-producer pa
ulation with actual behaviors selected from more than twenty different gas condensate reservoirs. An interpretation methodology is describe
ir fluids. Formation permeability anisotropy skin factor vertical connectivity and zonal productivity index are additional reservoir information
ir fluids. Formation permeability anisotropy skin factor vertical connectivity and zonal productivity index are additional reservoir information
efficient (D) using Swift & Kiel expression and then use an analytical pseudo-steady state equation to establish single point AOFP for each
10 days to assess MPFM performance and repeatability in a wide range of conditions. In most cases it was found that the meterâ€™s pe
10 days to assess MPFM performance and repeatability in a wide range of conditions. In most cases it was found that the meterâ€™s pe
ce of successful tests in the Siberian gas well environment. The paper details the methodology of the comparison of the well test rates of g
easure of oil rate also leads to a poor reconciliation factor and poor estimation of reserves. By resolving these inaccuracies and allocating o
gas condensate wells in the Yamburgskoe gas-condensate field are flowing with liquid unloading issues in a slug flow regime that can be o
nterpretation model is described together with the multiphase flowmeter. Examples of applying this model to data collected on flow loops ar
ndicated that the multiphase meter results were relevant and accurate. In conclusions the water cut measured by MPFM was almost three ti
ï¿½ In this paper we will review the benefit of the combination of Venturi and gamma ray fraction meter and its application to gas well test
. It was proved through both theoretical study and a practical field example that the developed streamline well testing algorithm is faster ro
t and new development in numerical well testing in recent years. These are based on research and studies from a number of M.Sc. and M.P
ting commercial well test and near wellbore modeling software packages were used to carry out this task. These packages provide engine
oduction data functions using the Î²-integral derivative formulation (type curves). Analysis/interpretation of production data using the Î²-inte
water and gas phases are measured discreetly. Tests are periodically conducted for example once a month or once a week. The durati
permeability reservoir infinite conductivity fractures dual porosity and/or permeability reservoir show same trend as the derivative approac
permeability reservoir infinite conductivity fractures dual porosity and/or permeability reservoir show same trend as the derivative approac
p. Application of the method is illustrated with the analysis of a transient-pressure test in a gas/condensate field in the North Sea. The anal
orizontal wells in gas/condensate reservoirs with a focus on the existence of different mobility zones caused by condensate dropout. We u
productivity decline (Kniazeff and Nvaille 1965; Afidick et al. 1994; Lee and Chaverra 1998; Jutila et al. 2001; Briones et al. 2002). This dec
hole 3) an obvious hump effect due to phase segregation inside the well 4)Pre and Post acid pressure transient response behaviors in a su
a reservoir system from measured variable pressure. Once having these tasks completed the traditional well test analysis methods includin
sy multiple phase flow and multiple rate. The key for the analysis of such data set to extract reservoir information is to develop a technique
nalytical solution was developed and implemented in the form of a direct (non-iterative) numerical procedure and successfully verified again
ilities rather than saturations and fluid properties are shown to be the least certain of the relevant data. The second focus in the paper is t
ressure-gauge physics. This technique is efficient and straightforward to implement and may be used on both real-time and recorded data.
racterize the effective (realistic) pore space. It is the effective not absolute pore space where the real reservoir flow processes take place
mpact on the ability to certify reserves. The paper reviews the evolution of analysis techniques over the last half-century and shows how imp
d. The field experiment results together with forward and inverse modeling studies indicate many possible applications of transient streami
ngled reservoirs to estimate the individual permeability and skin for each layer. This effort has also resulted in the development of a downho
condensate reservoir in the North Sea in order to evaluate typical error bounds for the most common parameters such as permeability-thick
epair following a failure in later life.ï¿½ The increased cost associated with intervening to repair either wells or subsea infrastructure is often
probe with regard to the maximum pressure drop in the source interval is time-delayed. Using this time delay and the maximum pressure dr
those pressure data. The value of this work is that we provide explicit tools for the analysis of wellbore storage distorted pressure data â€”
e pressure transient behavior hidden in the test data by well-rate variation during a test.ï¿½Integration of these several views into one consi
gravate the accuracy of calculations. The complete analytical solution for modeling the entire CCT data will allow one to investigate possib
em geometry from seismic attribute analysis. The analysis of the build-up pressure derivative clearly shows the impact of point bar boundar
em geometry from seismic attribute analysis. The analysis of the build-up pressure derivative clearly shows the impact of point bar boundar
ure with changing conductivity face skin and multiple reservoir mobility zones. It also captures the case that during closure the fracture ge
ulti-phase flow and short production time.ï¿½ Impact of derivative shape on model selection is also discussed.ï¿½ The effects of analysis m
ulti-phase flow and short production time.ï¿½ Impact of derivative shape on model selection is also discussed.ï¿½ The effects of analysis m
ad of a horizontal well penetrating a single compartment this paper provides insight into the impact of shales dividing the reservoir into non-
y in the transient linear flow regime for several years. Some of these wells have hydraulic fractures and some do not. It is usually not practic
ch as; permeability (keffective) fracture length (Xf effective) conductivity (kfbf)effective and dimensionless conductivity (CfDï¿½ or FCD) ca
ansient tests. For example the conventional transmissibility and well indices used in numerical simulation may adequately represent fluid m
re proposed to GNPOC; use the conventional technique of isolating each layer and testing it separately or carry out a commingled multi-lay
permeability to simulator input values is eliminated and an additional parameter (fluids saturations) becomes available to help history match
o obtain various reservoir parameters such as vertical and horizontal permeability fracture properties and various skin factors. Both natura
general systems. The new formulation takes into account the production rate from the system formation thickness and gauge resolution. It
mposed by the downhole equipment.ï¿½ Our work presented here focuses on developing workflows and interpretation techniques for this u
ol is designed to evaluate reservoir engineering uncertainties in a wide range of scenarios considering multiple variables providing much gre
ons about the reservoir connectivity and to estimate the reservoir volume that is in communication with the well.ï¿½ We discuss the well tes
ons about the reservoir connectivity and to estimate the reservoir volume that is in communication with the well.ï¿½ We discuss the well tes
measurements performed in the well delivering an accurate and consistent reservoir description. First part of the horizontal part of the well
ta by well-rate variation during a test. The deconvolution analysis technique that evolved with development of the deconvolution algorithms
ysis and interpretation of variable rate/pressure reservoir performance data. Introduction Applying deconvolution for well-test and productio
es due to high uncertainties in estimating fracture permeability and shape factor values these parameters are initially assumed in the mode
paper is defined as the theoretical time required to cool the heated formation to the initial formation temperature. A longer cooling time indic
which could not be explained by mechanical factors such as casing ballooning. The influence of these factors was quantified by analyzing th
testing was used on this job. Experiences from this were later used as the basis for other gas-condensate prospects including those in the
and producer-producer pairs giving evidence of a new interference testing method with wide potential application. Chirag Field The Chirag
n methodology is described which uses time-lapse analyses deconvolution and different analytical and numerical tools to identify the proba
ional reservoir information that can be obtained from a mini-Drill Stem Test (mini-DST) and a Vertical Interference Test (VIT). Pressure tran
ional reservoir information that can be obtained from a mini-Drill Stem Test (mini-DST) and a Vertical Interference Test (VIT). Pressure tran
ngle point AOFP for each of the tested zones. Second we extend routine forward modeling and incorporate features such as scaled perme
nd that the meterâ€™s performance compares favorably with that of the test separator located in line. Furthermore the high-frequency high
nd that the meterâ€™s performance compares favorably with that of the test separator located in line. Furthermore the high-frequency high
of the well test rates of gas and condensate against traditional means of measurement presently deployed in Siberia. It is based on a rigor
ccuracies and allocating oil correctly to wells it is possible to invest in right opportunities thereby saving unnecessary expenditure. The facto
flow regime that can be observed and monitored accurately with multiphase flow meters. The importance of slug flow regime identification
collected on flow loops are presented with comparison to reference flow rates. The data from the Sintef and NEL flow loops show an error
MPFM was almost three times more than those measured by test separators. This ratio is matched well with the actual field water volumes.
pplication to gas well testing. Today the use of the entire information of a gamma ray spectrum gamma ray (more than 2 rays) allows a rea
ting algorithm is faster robust and reliable to use for complicated well test interpretations. Introduction The classic well test interpretation m
number of M.Sc. and M.Phil. projects at Heriot-Watt University. Due to the continuous support from the oil industry since the fluvial reservo
packages provide engineering interfaces to the simulator that make their respective workflows easy. However there were a number of situa
ction data using the Î²-integral derivative formulation. Introduction This work introduces the new Î²-integral derivative functions (Î²[qBDdiB(
r once a week. The duration of purge and test periods are usually fixed for example 30 minutes to purge the test separator and eight hour
as the derivative approach and also diagnose unseen features such as dual permeability geologically interpreted as layered reservoir syste
as the derivative approach and also diagnose unseen features such as dual permeability geologically interpreted as layered reservoir syste
n the North Sea. The analysis uses single-phase pseudopressures and two- and three-zone radial composite well-test interpretation models
ondensate dropout. We used a 3D fully compositional model to develop derivative shapes to be expected from horizontal-well-test data in g
nes et al. 2002). This decline is reduced at high gas rates and/or low capillary forces which lower condensate saturation in the immediate v
esponse behaviors in a successful diversion acidizing operation 5)An interference response behavior due to a nearby well bore shut in. The
analysis methods including decline-curve analysis can be applied to analyse the field data. This paper presents study results based on syn
is to develop a technique in handling the data i.e. to make the data analyzable but not losing the true information contained in the data. Th
successfully verified against numerical simulation. Introduction Mireles and Blasingame [Mireles and Blasingame (2003)] developed a clos
ond focus in the paper is to explore the reasons why the relative permeability data are so uncertain. The evidence points to the fact that oil e
-time and recorded data. No modifications to gauges or other hardware are necessary. The technique enables analysts to customize the di
ow processes take place. Turning to the effective pore space improves the degree of certainty in 3D modeling and enables proper use of w
entury and shows how improvements have come in a series of step changes twenty years apart. Each one has increased the ability to discr
ations of transient streaming potentials in oil and gas fields for reservoir characterization and reservoir monitoring. Streaming Potential In r
development of a downhole flow modulation tool capable of creating the cyclic flow patterns needed for the new testing method. Introductio
such as permeability-thickness permeability skin effect fracture horizontal well lengths and distances to boundaries. Differences in error b
bsea infrastructure is often a challenge to justify.ï¿½ A lack of industry data on the benefits of interventions to repair for example failed met
the maximum pressure drop at the observation probe we developed a new technique to estimate vertical and horizontal permeabilities bas
istorted pressure data â€” specifically we utilize the following techniques: â€”ï¿½ Russell method (1965) (very approximate approach). â€
veral views into one consistent picture allows one to recognize understand and explain the main features of the test transient pressure beh
w one to investigate possible test durations for CCTs and also to refine the parameters determined from approximate analyses. The prese
pact of point bar boundaries and connectivity across point bars. For the reservoir evaluated there was fluid and pressure communication a
pact of point bar boundaries and connectivity across point bars. For the reservoir evaluated there was fluid and pressure communication a
ng closure the fracture generally shrinks from adjacent geological layers. It is demonstrated that the analyses based on the storage and line
½ The effects of analysis methodologies based on specific flow regimes vs. total model fitting single- vs. multi-phase production treatment
½ The effects of analysis methodologies based on specific flow regimes vs. total model fitting single- vs. multi-phase production treatment
ng the reservoir into non-communicating layers. The presence of even two shales dividing a reservoir into three noncommunicating layers c
not. It is usually not practical to analyze tight gas wells with build-up tests but long term production and pressure data can be used for analy
ctivity (CfDï¿½ or FCD) can now be obtained for each individual fracture stage. In addition to the effective properties the methodology allow
equately represent fluid movement between relatively large grid blocks as well as the fluid withdrawal or injection at well blocks over relative
ut a commingled multi-layer transient (MLT) test with a PL tool. In an MLT test in addition to the normal PL runs individual pressure transie
able to help history match the reservoir performance. This work will also help in predicting well flow rates and where absolute permeability ch
s skin factors. Both naturally fractured and unfractured (homogeneous) reservoirs have been investigated. For unfractured and homogeneo
s and gauge resolution. It is shown that the conventional radius of investigation formula (Earlougher 1977) for radial-cylindrical systems w
ation techniques for this unique environment. Having sensors downhole provides operators with an opportunity to get pressure drawdown a
iables providing much greater confidence in the obtained results. Full field multidimensional numerical simulation models with updated volu
½ We discuss the well test sequences used for this purpose the tools and operational aspects of well test execution the data acquisition t
½ We discuss the well test sequences used for this purpose the tools and operational aspects of well test execution the data acquisition t
horizontal part of the well was drilled with conductive drilling fluid and the latter part with non-conductive drilling fluid. Lab measurements fo
deconvolution algorithms by von Schroeter et al. (2004) Levitan (2005) and Levitan et al. (2006) became a useful addition to the suite of te
for well-test and production data analysis is important because it provides the equivalent constant rate/pressure response of the well/reserv
ally assumed in the model and they are usually tuned during history matching which can be time consuming and also affect other history m
A longer cooling time indicates a higher net heat gain in the formation while the calculated thermal diffusivity is used to predict wellbore con
quantified by analyzing the transient pressure response of the annulus. Neither could permanent leakoff of completion fluids explain the dis
ects including those in the Russian sector of the Barents Sea. This paper focuses in particular on Fluid Sampling Surface Well Testing and
. Chirag Field The Chirag Field in Azerbaijan (Fig-1 and 2) is located offshore in the Caspian Sea. It is part of the Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli (A
tools to identify the probable causes of the pressure data behavior: two-region and three-region analytical composite models to represent t
Test (VIT). Pressure transient analysis of a mini-DST data however in such reservoirs is challenging due to the associated uncertainties s
Test (VIT). Pressure transient analysis of a mini-DST data however in such reservoirs is challenging due to the associated uncertainties s
es such as scaled permeability data rock types and hydraulic flow units through interpretation of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and
e the high-frequency high-resolution output of the meter allowed the operator to assess well efficiency and stability and to understand the b
e the high-frequency high-resolution output of the meter allowed the operator to assess well efficiency and stability and to understand the b
eria. It is based on a rigorous mass balance approach which enables to consider properly the mass transfer effects when comparing flowra
ry expenditure. The factors that affect multiphase flowmeter measurement can range from excessive gas-volume-fraction low line pressure
flow regime identification relates to the selection of stable flow intervals for surface sampling and further recombination factor determination
flow loops show an error (including the reference meter error) in the gas flow rate better than ï¿½ 2% reading (95% confidence interval) a
ctual field water volumes. The GOR measurements were varying from one well to another but majority of wells showed more gas production
e than 2 rays) allows a real-time or an a posteriori quality control and improvement of the overall performance of the meter in any type of co
ic well test interpretation methods based on analytical solutions had become an important tool in the petroleum engineerâ€™s toolkit for ma
ry since the fluvial reservoir characterisation project numerical well testing has been extensively conducted in the Institute of Petroleum Eng
ere were a number of situations where manual intervention and workarounds were necessary. We would like to propose an easy to use soft
tive functions (Î²[qBDdiB(tBDdB)] and Î²[pBDdiB(tBDdB)]) â€” where these functions are defined to identify the transient transition and bou
separator and eight hours to test the well. The manual well testing process is subject to error and uncertainty â€“ the wrong well may be
as layered reservoir system and also double porosity model with high degree of accuracy. Introduction In the oil and gas industry accurat
as layered reservoir system and also double porosity model with high degree of accuracy. Introduction In the oil and gas industry accurat
test interpretation models to yield the condensate-bank radius. The calculated condensate-bank radius is validated by verifying analytical w
orizontal-well-test data in gas/condensate reservoirs below the dewpoint under various conditions. We then analyzed actual well-test data th
uration in the immediate vicinity of the wellbore resulting in a corresponding increase in the gas relative permeability. This is called the cap
rby well bore shut in. The paper also presents how transient well testing in conjunction with dynamic pressure-production data have helped
tudy results based on synthetic cases and numerical well testing. Deconvolution codes were developed for the study. It was proved that de
contained in the data. This paper presents techniques using wavelet transform method for such purpose. These have been developed rec
(2003)] developed a closed form Laplace domain solution for the flow of a real gas from a well producing at a constant rate in a bounded c
points to the fact that oil emplacement and the subsequent geological history of the reservoirs have not been considered sufficiently in prep
alysts to customize the differentiation based on the measured-data quality without a need for subjective smoothing algorithms. Examples ar
nd enables proper use of well test results in the process of history matching 3D reservoir models. The developed approach displayed notic
reased the ability to discriminate between potential interpretation models and to verify the consistency of the analysis. This has increasing d
Streaming Potential In reservoir rocks there exists a thin charged double layer at the interface between the rock matrix and the water in th
esting method. Introduction In developed fields a pressure buildup test is the main tool for monitoring well productivity (permeability and sk
ries. Differences in error bounds between hand and computer analysis are also discussed. Introduction Uncertainty in well test analysis res
air for example failed meters or instrumentation often means any forecasted uplift is based on a â€˜best guessâ€™ and hard to quantify.ï¿
izontal permeabilities based on the line source solutions. We have also worked out a novel numerical scheme. The new technique is compa
pproximate approach). â€”ï¿½ "Beta" deconvolution (1950s and 1980s). â€”ï¿½ "Material Balance" deconvolution (1990s). Each method h
est transient pressure behavior.ï¿½Recently a new method of analyzing test data in the form of constant rate drawdown system response h
ate analyses. The presented technique is also applicable for analyzing drillstem test (DST) data as long as the flowing fluid does not reac
ressure communication across the point bars and this was reflected in the transient pressure analysis of the build-up and also from historic
ressure communication across the point bars and this was reflected in the transient pressure analysis of the build-up and also from historic
ed on the storage and linear flow regimes can be integrated into one analysis in order to reduce error bounds. The method is applied to a n
se production treatment and assumptions regarding effective well length on the computed values of reservoir parameters emphasize the a
se production treatment and assumptions regarding effective well length on the computed values of reservoir parameters emphasize the a
oncommunicating layers can decrease the expected productivity of a high angle well by as much as 50%. Next a methodology for interpret
ata can be used for analysis. Previous papers have presented methods of analysis1-5. The analysis of these wells comes from plotting vs.
es the methodology allows for estimation of the drainage area and skin for unfractured zones and fracture half-length and conductivity for t
at well blocks over relatively large time steps when the transient radius of investigation of the well is sufficiently large. Furthermore these si
ndividual pressure transient stations are also recorded at the top of each contributing layer. ï¿½The MLT test measures the flow rate and w
e absolute permeability changes with time (e.g. from compaction). Results showed that the values of absolute permeability in water-oil cas
nfractured and homogeneous formations a spherical or hemispherical flow regime occurs prior to the radial flow regime whenever the penet
dial-cylindrical systems which is given as (Equation) yields very conservative estimates and it could be as high as 30 to 50% lower. Radius
get pressure drawdown and buildup data when the ESP starts and stops.ï¿½ For the wells we monitor 10% of these unscheduled events
models with updated volumes from new 3D seismic reinterpretations history matched the field performance confirming previous classical
on the data acquisition the well test analysis techniques the accuracy and the degree of uncertainty of test results.ï¿½ We illustrate this a
on the data acquisition the well test analysis techniques the accuracy and the degree of uncertainty of test results.ï¿½ We illustrate this a
uid. Lab measurements for the two mud filtrates were performed to understand the influence of the two different drilling fluid types on the MR
l addition to the suite of techniques used in well-test analysis. It has been implemented in commercial well-test analysis software and is rou
esponse of the well/reservoir system affected by variable rates/pressures (von Schroeter et al. 2002 2004; Levitan 2005; Levitan et al. 200
also affect other history match parameters. Reservoir simulation results and predictions might be inaccurate if the values of fracture propert
ed to predict wellbore conditions and the type of fluid saturation along the horizontal wellbore. Thus a combination of cooling time and form
etion fluids explain the discrepancy between theory and test. Leakoff of the annular fluids which was seen to dominate pressure developm
Surface Well Testing and Subsea equipment. As several service companies were involved on this particular job we have only included so
Azeri-Chirag-Guneshli (ACG) development and the principal production zone is the Middle Pliocene Pereriv sand. There are currently ten p
site models to represent the various mobility zones around the wellbore; a voronoi-grid numerical simulator to represent discontinuous boun
associated uncertainties such as layer flow compartments and flowing fluid viscosity. This paper discusses the use of integrated reservoir in
associated uncertainties such as layer flow compartments and flowing fluid viscosity. This paper discusses the use of integrated reservoir in
c Resonance (NMR) and wireline petrophysics into a model. The model is built in two different ways. One is based on numerical simulator
y and to understand the behavior of the gas lift system. It was shown that such wells have a tendency to behave erratically at very high freq
y and to understand the behavior of the gas lift system. It was shown that such wells have a tendency to behave erratically at very high freq
ts when comparing flowrates at different measurements conditions of pressure and temperature. The presence of hydrates despite the extr
-fraction low line pressures solids and unsteady flow. In 2007 an in-situ comparison was made of two types of multiphase flow meters and
ation factor determination. This information is also extremely important for well completion design. There is good agreement between the sl
5% confidence interval) at line conditions; the absolute error (including the reference meter error) in the measured total liquid flow rate at lin
owed more gas production by the phase tester compared with test separators specially for the low potential unsteady wells. In terms of oil p
he meter in any type of conditions. This statement will be presented through a campaign of tests done in South America. First of all we will
ngineerâ€™s toolkit for many years. Unfortunately analytical solutions are possible only for models of ideal reservoirs which were limited to
Institute of Petroleum Engineering at Heriot-Watt University. This technique has been used to tackle well testing practical problems as well
opose an easy to use software that can provide a complete workflow for regular use. Introduction The link between reservoir simulation an
nsient transition and boundary-dominated flow regimes from production data analysis. We have utilized two different formulations â€” Î²[qB
€“ the wrong well may be put on test the wrong instrumentation may be used the instrumentation range may be incorrect and instrumenta
and gas industry accurate reserve estimate well capacity and efficient reservoir management in field development depend on precise ana
and gas industry accurate reserve estimate well capacity and efficient reservoir management in field development depend on precise ana
d by verifying analytical well-test analyses with compositional simulations that include capillary number and inertia effects. Introduction and
ed actual well-test data that exhibit such derivative characteristics using a uniform flux horizontal well with wellbore storage and skin mode
lity. This is called the capillary-number effect positive coupling viscous stripping or velocity stripping (Boom et al. 1995; Henderson et al. 1
oduction data have helped to clarify the boundary effect on a build up test; the modified build up secondary derivative based on the pseudo
udy. It was proved that deconvolution algorithm works well in the case with single phase oil but breaks down when dealing with cases havin
have been developed recently through an industry sponsored research Project. The procedures include PDG data visualization de-noising
stant rate in a bounded circular reservoir.ï¿½ More importantly they proposed a new approach that uses pseudopressure to linearize the s
sidered sufficiently in preparing core samples before making measurements. Greater reliance on drillstem and early production tests is the
g algorithms. Examples are presented using field measurements to illustrate the technique. Introduction The pressure derivative as descri
d approach displayed noticeable advantages when applied to carbonate formations. In this case it enables more reliable characterization c
ysis. This has increasing drastically the amount of information that can be extracted from well test data and more importantly the confidenc
matrix and the water in the pores. The matrix surface is usually negatively charged and the water is positively charged. When the water m
tivity (permeability and skin) and reservoir pressure. However operators are reluctant to perform such a test as it involves shutting-in their p
nty in well test analysis results from errors in pressure and rate measurements from uncertainties in basic well and reservoir parameters; fro
™ and hard to quantify.ï¿½ Because of the lack of such data with which management support can be attained opportunities to increase pro
e new technique is compared with the previous methods and shows its superiority in accuracy. In addition our technique can be used in an
n (1990s). Each method has been validated using both synthetic data and literature field cases and each method should be considered val
wdown system response has emerged with development of robust pressure-rate deconvolution algorithm. (von Schroeter et al. 2001 2004;
owing fluid does not reach the surface. Introduction Due to economics time constraints and environmental issues there has been increas
-up and also from historical production data. The results presented in this paper illustrate the value of integrating geology geophysics and
-up and also from historical production data. The results presented in this paper illustrate the value of integrating geology geophysics and
e method is applied to a number of examples in a waterflood offshore Sakhalin. Here start-up of injection wells was accompanied by regula
ameters emphasize the attention required to obtain meaningful interpretation from horizontal well tests.ï¿½ FSI data was instrumental in int
ameters emphasize the attention required to obtain meaningful interpretation from horizontal well tests.ï¿½ FSI data was instrumental in int
methodology for interpreting high angle well tests is introduced that attempts to address the problems of non-uniqueness associated with w
ls comes from plotting vs. and observing the slope and the end of the straight line tesr (end of the transient linear flow period). From thes
ngth and conductivity for the hydraulically fractured reservoir layers. The methodology is applicable to all types of reservoirs however most
ge. Furthermore these simulators fail to account for the flow convergence near the well accurately at shorter times unless very small grid a
asures the flow rate and wellbore pressure above each producing layer for different surface flow rates during the infinite-acting phase. Thes
ermeability in water-oil cases could be reproduced within 3% of the correct values and within 5% of the correct values in gas-oil cases. Erro
gime whenever the penetration ratio is twenty percent or less.ï¿½ A half-slope line on the pressure derivative is the unique characteristic id
s 30 to 50% lower. Radius of investigation if fundamental for understating of the tested volume; i.e. how much reservoir volume is investiga
ese unscheduled events provided much coveted reservoir information without having to stop the production intentionally.ï¿½ For the sched
irming previous classical reservoir engineering conclusions. The outcome before the first 18 months of field life demonstrated the value of
ts.ï¿½ We illustrate this application of well testing for reservoir connectivity with several real test examples.ï¿½ Introduction Well testing is
ts.ï¿½ We illustrate this application of well testing for reservoir connectivity with several real test examples.ï¿½ Introduction Well testing is
illing fluid types on the MR measurements. In the absence of oil based mud filtrate invasion the MR data show better agreement with satur
alysis software and is routinely used for analysis of well tests. This deconvolution algorithm however is applicable only for the case when
n 2005; Levitan et al. 2006; Ilk et al. 2006a b; Kuchuk et al. 2005). With the implementation of permanent pressure and flow-rate measurem
values of fracture properties in the model are not reliable. This paper shows using image log data associated with welltest analysis in orde
n of cooling time and formation thermal diffusivity can be employed to assess the effectiveness of heat injection during various steam heatin
minate pressure development during a previous test in a well with a cement shortfall between casings does not play a significant role in this
we have only included some general and limited content for the other services involved. Introduction The Onyx South West exploration we
There are currently ten producers and six peripheral water injectors active in Chirag. Production exported through the Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan
resent discontinuous boundaries; a multilayered analytical simulator to account for the geological description and a compositional simulator
of integrated reservoir information obtained from Downhole Fluid Analyzers (DFA) borehole images and numerical simulation models to m
of integrated reservoir information obtained from Downhole Fluid Analyzers (DFA) borehole images and numerical simulation models to m
d on numerical simulator and another based on cumulative permeability-thickness product for the gas bearing zones using average reserv
erratically at very high frequency leading to fast and significant variations of the well productivity that could not be captured by conventional
erratically at very high frequency leading to fast and significant variations of the well productivity that could not be captured by conventional
f hydrates despite the extremely low water content of the effluent is detected by the multiphase flowmeter which therefore provides also co
ultiphase flow meters and two separators to determine the most appropriate well test device for X Field in the Sultanate of Oman. X Field w
agreement between the slug frequencies obtained with nodal simulations and the actual dynamic measurements from the meter â€“ an impo
d total liquid flow rate at line conditions was better than ï¿½ 2 m3/h (< ï¿½ 300 B/D: 95% confidence interval). This new interpretation mode
ady wells. In terms of oil production rate the difference between the phase testers and test separators was marginal in high potential wells
merica. First of all we will show how the entire information of a gamma ray spectrum permits a quality control in real time and allows trackin
oirs which were limited to the assumption of homogeneous isotropy formation infinite boundary single layer reservoir and the uniform dis
practical problems as well as for academic research. There will be five aspects to be covered in this paper. These are: Numerical well testin
en reservoir simulation and well testing has been growing steadily for several years. Raghavan et al1 . have reviewed its development in th
rent formulations â€” Î²[qBDdiB(tBDdB)] is used for "rate decline" analysis (based on q/Dp functions) and Î²[pBDdiB(tBDdB)] is used for "pre
incorrect and instrumentation may be dysfunctional. After the well test is complete the final result may be good bad or suspect hence re
nt depend on precise analysis and result of reservoir monitoring techniques such as pressure transient analysis. This prompted the introduc
nt depend on precise analysis and result of reservoir monitoring techniques such as pressure transient analysis. This prompted the introduc
effects. Introduction and Background When the bottomhole flowing pressure falls below the dewpoint in a gas/condensate reservoir retro
re storage and skin model and appropriate reservoir boundaries. The condensate drop effects in the production tests have been accounted
. 1995; Henderson et al. 1998 2000a; Ali et al. 1997a; Blom et al. 1997). High gas rates on the other hand induce inertia (also referred to
tive based on the pseudo-steady state extrapolation of the preceding drawdown period shows a constant trend which recognized as close b
n dealing with cases having multi-phase flow and well interference effects in the data. These aspects need to be addressed in the future inv
a visualization de-noising smoothing and â€œbreak point (due to drop of rate and well shut-in) identification through analyzing field examp
pressure to linearize the spatial portion of the diffusivity equation (i.e. the left-handï¿½side (LHS)) as was done traditionally but for the righ
rly production tests is therefore crucial for deriving reservoir relative permeabilities until laboratories are able to mimic oil emplacement with
ssure derivative as described by Bourdet et al. has become the primary tool for diagnosing well and reservoir behavior.1 It provides the ba
eliable characterization compared to laboratory core experiments including determination of formation type (i.e. single- or dual-porosity
mportantly the confidence in that information. Introduction Results that can be obtained from well testing are a function of the range and t
arged. When the water moves under a pressure gradient an electrical current is generated. This electric current is the source of the stream
involves shutting-in their producing well. Shutting-in results in loss of revenue and in some wells with hydrate problems or excessive water
d reservoir parameters; from the quality of the match with the interpretation model; and from the non-uniqueness of the interpretation model
portunities to increase production from subsea fields are being missed. The Marathon-operated West Brae field falls into this category.ï¿½
chnique can be used in any situation with different test configurations. Application issues in real testing conditions are discussed. Finally tw
should be considered valid for practical applications (the Russell method was not used). Our primary technical contribution in this work is th
hroeter et al. 2001 2004; Levitan 2005). Deconvolved drawdown system response is another way of presenting well-test data. Pressure--r
s there has been increased interest in short-term tests for determining key parameters such as reservoir pressure permeability skin and f
geology geophysics and production data with well test interpretation for a fluvial reservoir. Introduction The integration of geology with we
geology geophysics and production data with well test interpretation for a fluvial reservoir. Introduction The integration of geology with we
as accompanied by regular IFO testing in order to monitor fracture growth over time. The interpreted fracture dimensions were compared wi
ata was instrumental in interpreting effective length of the well. Overall this test program yielded information that was critical in managing s
ata was instrumental in interpreting effective length of the well. Overall this test program yielded information that was critical in managing s
ueness associated with well angle and average bed thickness. Finally several example analyses are provided illustrating pressure analysis
ar flow period). From these values and OGIP can be calculated. The equations for this analysis are given in Table 1. The value of permea
reservoirs however most of our field experience has taken place in the evaluation and optimization of stacked-pay tight permeability reserv
s unless very small grid and time steps are used. Grid refinement around well has been used both to improve numerical calculation of botto
nfinite-acting phase. These individual layer flow rates and pressure transients are used to calculate the individual layer properties. GNPOC
ues in gas-oil cases. Errors in calculating the fluid saturations were even less. One of the main advantages of this method is that the relative
he unique characteristic identifying the presence of the spherical flow. This straight line can be used to calculate spherical permeability and
ervoir volume is investigated for a given duration of a transient test? For exploration wells the reservoir volume investigated is one of the m
ionally.ï¿½ For the scheduled pressure transient events the data acquisition rates were actively changed to ensure sufficient high quality d
emonstrated the value of extensive application of reservoir and petroleum engineering techniques in a very early stage of the field life as it r
ntroduction Well testing is one of the techniques used for reservoir and well evaluation.ï¿½ Well testing studies dynamic reservoir behavior
ntroduction Well testing is one of the techniques used for reservoir and well evaluation.ï¿½ Well testing studies dynamic reservoir behavior
tter agreement with saturations from core confirming the quality and reliability of the MR data. Comparison of the MR T2 distribution and vo
ble only for the case when there is just one active well in the reservoir. It is ideally suited for analysis of exploration and appraisal well tests.
e and flow-rate measurement systems the importance of deconvolution has increased because it is now possible to process the well test/p
h welltest analysis in order to determine dynamic fracture parameters such as fracture permeability and shape factor for reservoir simulation
ring various steam heating processes. By knowing the effectiveness of each heating scenario the process can be selected and optimized
y a significant role in this fully cemented and sealed annulus. This left (1) the properties of the completion fluids differing from the properties
South West exploration well 6406/9-1 was the second well to be drilled within licence PL 255 (Table 1). The first well 6406/5-1 in the Tott E
h the Baku-Tblisi-Ceyhan (BTC) pipeline is 140 Mstb/D with 900 GOR (scf/stb) and less than 1% watercut; water injection is 140 Mbw/D. T
a compositional simulator to verify the fluid behavior. It is shown that in addition to the usual well test analysis results it is possible to obtain
cal simulation models to minimize these uncertainties. A systematic pressure transient analysis method for mini-DSTs is also introduced. R
cal simulation models to minimize these uncertainties. A systematic pressure transient analysis method for mini-DSTs is also introduced. R
nes using average reservoir pressure and temperature for the whole zone of interest. The success of single well simulation has given us th
captured by conventional means and could potentially lead to erroneous results as well as sub-optimal well performance. The field test pro
captured by conventional means and could potentially lead to erroneous results as well as sub-optimal well performance. The field test pro
herefore provides also confirmation of the hydrate build up curve. The challenges to collect representative samples of condensate and gas
anate of Oman. X Field wells are artificially lifted and have a high water cut of 80%. The reconciliation factor (also known as the back alloca
rom the meter â€“ an impossible task for conventional measurements based on separator or batch processing of the liquid. Surface well te
s new interpretation model offers a significant advance in the metering of wet-gas multiphase flows and yields the possibility of high accurac
nal in high potential wells and between 20-40% higher by MPFM in low potential wells. These findings helped in optimizing reconciliation an
al time and allows tracking of fluid composition change over time. Then we will focus on high producing gas wells clean-up that have been
ervoir and the uniform distribution of pressure and saturation. When such assumptions are not valid then numerical well testing or numerica
are: Numerical well testing forward modelling Numerical well testing for reservoir model calibration Numerical well testing for future produ
wed its development in their work . They found that there are three broad areas where there are growing industry interests: 1. The use of n
B(tBDdB)] is used for "pressure" analysis (based on Dp/q functions). The application (i.e. the use of Î²[qBDdiB(tBDdB)] or Î²[pBDdiB(tBDdB
bad or suspect hence results are usually subject to a manual validation process. This begs a number of questions related to well test op
This prompted the introduction of the fluid flow diffusivity model using only one fraction of data by Muskat (1934) and Theis (1935). However
This prompted the introduction of the fluid flow diffusivity model using only one fraction of data by Muskat (1934) and Theis (1935). However
ondensate reservoir retrograde condensation occurs and a bank of condensate builds up around the producing well. This process creates
sts have been accounted for through changes in the values of the total skin effect. Finally we used a compositional model to verify the resu
ce inertia (also referred to as turbulent or non-Darcy flow effects) which reduces productivity. Well productivity is thus a balance between ca
hich recognized as close boundary effect. Introduction Well test analysis is a well-known and widely applied reservoir characterization techn
ddressed in the future investigations. Introduction Traditionally reservoir properties such as permeability and outer boundary conditions can
ugh analyzing field examples provided by the sponsors. After this process transient pressure data (extracted drawn-down and build up) can
aditionally but for the right-handï¿½side (RHS) (i.e. the "time" portion) Mireles and Blasingame used a special convolution formulation to a
mimic oil emplacement within rock samples as experienced in the reservoir. The main source of data is the abandoned UK North Sea reserv
havior.1 It provides the basis for modern well-test interpretation methodology and has become a customary and requisite feature in commer
e. single- or dual-porosity) and parameters and relations required for 3D dual-porosity simulations. In the paper the authors present a r
unction of the range and the quality of the pressure and rate data available and of the approach used for their analysis. Consequently at a
s the source of the streaming potential. Experimental Installations Two separate experiments have been undertaken in shallow producing o
blems or excessive water production it also could be difficult to bring the well back on production. Moreover closing a well for a pressure bu
of the interpretation model (Horne 1994). Yet well test analysis results are usually reported as unique values often with unrealistic precision
alls into this category.ï¿½ Straddling blocks 16/06a and 16/07a in the UK Central North Sea approximately 140 miles north east of Aberdee
are discussed. Finally two field tests are analyzed using this technique. Previously these tests could not be analyzed to determine vertical
ntribution in this work is the adaptation of various deconvolution methods for the explicit analysis of an arbitrary set of pressure transient te
well-test data. Pressure--rate deconvolution removes the effects of rate variation from the pressure data measured during a well-test seque
e permeability skin and fluid properties. Closed chamber tests (CCTs) are attractive due to their simplicity reliability and reduced impact o
ration of geology with well test interpretation has been discussed by Massaonnat and Bandiziol (1991) and subsequently by Corbett et al. (
ration of geology with well test interpretation has been discussed by Massaonnat and Bandiziol (1991) and subsequently by Corbett et al. (
nsions were compared with predicted dimensions using a recently developed in-house waterflood fracture simulator. The fracture lengths a
was critical in managing sustained production from this well characterizing the effects of the natural fractures on production behavior as we
was critical in managing sustained production from this well characterizing the effects of the natural fractures on production behavior as we
ustrating pressure analysis of high angle wells. These examples support the applicability of this high angle pressure analysis technique throu
e 1. The value of permeability can be calculated if the value of Ac can be estimated. For example Ac can be estimated for a hydraulic fract
y tight permeability reservoirs and low conductivity fractures where other forms of conventional reservoir characterization techniques are te
merical calculation of bottom-hole pressure during transient period and flow convergence. However a cursory grid refinement may not prod
ayer properties. GNPOC decided to go in for the MLT testing option and two wells were analyzed. In the first well MLT testing showed tha
method is that the relative permeability curves used in calculating the results and later on in using the results are the same ensuring consis
pherical permeability and spherical skin values.ï¿½ These parameters are then used to estimate vertical permeability anisotropy index and
vestigated is one of the main objectives of running drillstem test (DST) or production tests.ï¿½Therefore how far pressure may diffuse (rad
re sufficient high quality data.ï¿½ Also the length of the test was decided in real time to make sure that the test was long enough to meet t
stage of the field life as it resulted in a 25% increase in estimated oil recovery. This paper outlines the general methodology applied that dro
ynamic reservoir behavior in response to changing flow conditions at the well.ï¿½ The dynamic reaction of well bottomhole pressure to rate
ynamic reservoir behavior in response to changing flow conditions at the well.ï¿½ The dynamic reaction of well bottomhole pressure to rate
MR T2 distribution and volumetric with image data indicates that even fine variations in rock quality and lithology are reliably resolved by th
and appraisal well tests. The previously described deconvolution algorithm cannot be used for well-test analysis when there are several ac
to process the well test/production data simultaneously and obtain the underlying well/reservoir model (in the form of a constant rate press
or for reservoir simulation. In this study sensitivity analysis has also been performed on fracture permeability fracture porosity and matrix b
e selected and optimized not only to save heat energy and steam consumption but also to enhance bitumen recovery. This paper is limited
ffering from the properties of the base fluid (water) and (2) temporary leakoff to near-wellbore fracture systems through the microannuli be
well 6406/5-1 in the Tott East prospect was drilled in 2002 to intersect sands of the Middleâ€“Lower Jurassic Garn Ile and Tofte formations2
injection is 140 Mbw/D. The structure is an elongated anticline with dips of up to 45 degrees an overall hydrocarbon column height of up to
ults it is possible to obtain parameters required for reservoir simulation and well productivity forecasting such as gas relative permeabilities
STs is also introduced. Reservoir parameters obtained from mini-DSTs in thinly laminated deepwater reservoirs are then compared with ot
STs is also introduced. Reservoir parameters obtained from mini-DSTs in thinly laminated deepwater reservoirs are then compared with ot
imulation has given us the capability to forecast total AOFP for multiple zones using commingled approach. Furthermore we also included
mance. The field test proves that the multiphase metering solution used in this trial can be used successfully and is presenting a reliable al
mance. The field test proves that the multiphase metering solution used in this trial can be used successfully and is presenting a reliable al
es of condensate and gas to ensure proper set-up of the multiphase flowmeter and thus the correct computation of gas and condensate rate
known as the back allocation factor) before this well test campaign was 0.54. The comparison was made on twelve wells producing to X Fi
he liquid. Surface well testing to control changes of reservoir parameters PVT composition and production back-allocation performance is
possibility of high accuracies to meet the needs of gas-well testing and production allocation applications without the use of separators. Int
ptimizing reconciliation and allocation of the water and gas production. In addition to the above findings phase testers helped in reservoir m
clean-up that have been successfully tested using the Vx technology in Gas Mode in 2005. Exceptional results against conventional test se
al well testing or numerical simulation of well tests was proposed (Zheng et al. 1995). One of the most important characteristics of numeric
ell testing for future production forecast (well test design) Numerical well testing for reservoir monitoring Numerical well testing in heteroge
interests: 1. The use of numerical models to predict the effect of the geological model upon the well test response 2. The conditioning of g
DdB)] or Î²[pBDdiB(tBDdB)]) is essentially a matter of preference â€” there is no substantive difference in the application of these functions.
ons related to well test optimization and automation: - When should the well be re-tested? Some wells are tested too often some wells a
nd Theis (1935). However in 1949 Van Everdingen and Hurst simplified the complex model using Laplace transformation in flow problem a
nd Theis (1935). However in 1949 Van Everdingen and Hurst simplified the complex model using Laplace transformation in flow problem a
well. This process creates concentric zones with different liquid saturations around the well (Fevang and Whitson 1996; Kniazeff and Nvaille
al model to verify the results obtained from conventional well-test analysis. It was found that condensate deposit near the wellbore yields a
hus a balance between capillary number and inertia effects (Boom et al. 1995; Henderson et al. 1998 2000a; Ali et al. 1997a 1997b; Blom
voir characterization technique. The objectives of a well test usually fall into three major categories: Reservoir evaluation Reservoir manage
r boundary conditions can be derived by analyzing transient data obtained from the measurement gauge in the well bore. There are two typ
n-down and build up) can then be analyzed using current traditional methods and software. The analysis results such as skin factor and res
onvolution formulation to account for the pressure-dependent non-linear term.ï¿½ Consequently the Mireles and Blasingame semi-analytic
oned UK North Sea reservoir Maureen (Block 16/29a). Inevitably during the 36 years since discovery some data have been misplaced. Ne
quisite feature in commercial well-test interpretation software.2â€“6 In many situations however the derivative of the measured data is unin
er the authors present a review of results obtained up to date. Introduction The modern computer simulation could only be efficient provi
alysis. Consequently at any given time the extent and quality of an analysis (and therefore what can be expected from well test interpretati
ken in shallow producing oil fields in Indiana U.S.A. to test the utility and reliability of electrode arrays to measure streaming potential. Ver
ng a well for a pressure buildup test might damage the near wellbore by asphaltine deposits or by water crossflow from higher pressured zo
n with unrealistic precision. This has been exacerbated by the use of hand calculators and later on computers and well test interpretation s
iles north east of Aberdeen the field was initially discovered in 1975.ï¿½ With recoverable reserves initially estimated at 60 MMBBL and too
yzed to determine vertical permeability using published methods because of the poor data quality. Introduction In this paper we present a
et of pressure transient test data which are distorted by wellbore storage â€” without the requirement of having measured sandface flowrate
d during a well-test sequence and reveals underlying characteristic system behavior that is controlled by reservoir and well properties and is
ility and reduced impact on the environment. However the existing methods used for analyzing this kind of test data are based on the Horn
quently by Corbett et al. (1998). The latter paper concludes that the integration of geoscience and well testing results in reduction of uncert
quently by Corbett et al. (1998). The latter paper concludes that the integration of geoscience and well testing results in reduction of uncert
or. The fracture lengths as interpreted from IFO test analysis appeared to be systematically lower than the predicted ones and a number o
roduction behavior as well as quantifying reserves for this tight reservoir. Introduction The Mauddud reservoir is a thin underdeveloped l
roduction behavior as well as quantifying reserves for this tight reservoir. Introduction The Mauddud reservoir is a thin underdeveloped l
e analysis technique through the early arrival of the late time reservoir pseudo-radial flow found in the well tests. In addition an example w
mated for a hydraulic fracture of known fracture length. However in some tight gas wells there is no hydraulic fracture and linear flow proba
rization techniques are technically difficult and/or cost-prohibitive. The optimization methodology allows evaluation of the fracture performa
refinement may not produce the desired accuracy; thus increasing the need for very fine grid that requires more computational power and
MLT testing showed that one of the layers had a very high permeability compared to the other layers. It depleted much faster and had ear
the same ensuring consistent process. The impact of this study will be to expand the use of the information already contained in transient d
ility anisotropy index and skin.ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ For a naturally fractured formation the type curves of the pressure and pressure derivative reve
pressure may diffuse (radius of investigation) during a transient test is very important for exploration well testing. Introduction The challeng
as long enough to meet the objectives but not too long to increase the cost without additional benefits.ï¿½ Thus with real-time technology w
hodology applied that drove the implementation of optimized reservoir management strategies. Introduction Preliminary classical reservoir
tomhole pressure to rate changes depends on the reservoir and well properties.ï¿½ Hence studying the dynamic pressure behavior in resp
tomhole pressure to rate changes depends on the reservoir and well properties.ï¿½ Hence studying the dynamic pressure behavior in resp
are reliably resolved by the MR data. Prior to logging old core data was used to refine the constants used in the Timur-Coates MR permea
when there are several active wells operating in the field and the bottomhole pressure measured in one well during a well test is affected by
m of a constant rate pressure response). New methods of analyzing well-test data in the form of a constant-rate drawdown system response
cture porosity and matrix block size in real simulation models in order to show importance of accurate determination of fracture parameters.
very. This paper is limited to the new heating operation processes. Introduction Knowing the heat influx distribution along a horizontal wellb
rough the microannuli between cement sheaths and casings as explanations for the observed overprediction. Therefore estimates on the b
Ile and Tofte formations2. Well 6406/9-1 Onyx SW was planned as a vertical exploration well with a HTHP pressure regime. The HPHT
bon column height of up to 1000 meters and an average stratigraphic thickness of 130 meters in the Pereriv. The two most permeable inter
gas relative permeabilities at the end point critical oil saturation and the base capillary number. Introduction Gas condensate reservoirs a
are then compared with other available static and dynamic reservoir information such as petrophysical data core analysis well tests
are then compared with other available static and dynamic reservoir information such as petrophysical data core analysis well tests produc
ermore we also included production tubular and choke in our simulation model for well deliverability estimation. Our technique has resulted
is presenting a reliable alternative or complement to conventional test separators for flow metering in low-pressure high water cut wells und
is presenting a reliable alternative or complement to conventional test separators for flow metering in low-pressure high water cut wells und
f gas and condensate rates are presented and a number of solutions are described. A discussion of the validity of samples for full reservoir
ve wells producing to X Field station. Each well was tested for 12 hours in series using an existing inline MPFM a low pressure production t
-allocation performance is one of the key parts of gas-condensate field development in Russia. A number of multiphase welltesting operatio
the use of separators. Introduction There has been considerable focus in recent years on the development of new flow-measurement tech
sters helped in reservoir management decisions and optimization of testing duration and frequency per well testing remote wells slugging/i
gainst conventional test separator have been presented in previous paper (Ref [10]) with a maximum error of 2-3% for the gas. The current
characteristics of numerical well test analysis is that the reservoir geological factors (such as reservoir heterogeneities pressure dependen
al well testing in heterogeneous reservoir saturated with heterogeneous fluids (multi-phase e.g. gas-condensate reservoirs) Case studies
e 2. The conditioning of geo-statistically generated geologic models to well test response and 3. The history matching of numerical model
ication of these functions. Some analysts prefer the "pressure" analysis format because of the similarity with pressure transient analysis wh
d too often some wells are not tested enough. What is the optimum? - What are the minimum purge and test times for a given well at a
rmation in flow problem and published solutions of the diffusivity equation which is the basis of pressure transient analysis.
rmation in flow problem and published solutions of the diffusivity equation which is the basis of pressure transient analysis.
1996; Kniazeff and Nvaille 1965; Economides et al. 1987). The zone away from the well where the reservoir pressure is still above the dew
near the wellbore yields a well-test composite behavior similar to what is found in vertical wells but superimposed on horizontal-well behav
et al. 1997a 1997b; Blom et al. 1997; Mott et al. 2000.). Well-deliverability forecasts for gas/condensate wells are usually performed with th
luation Reservoir management and Reservoir description. Reservoir evaluation is to reach a decision as how best to produce a given rese
ell bore. There are two types of transient data. (1) Constant rate transient pressure which is due to fixed flowing rate so the well bottom ho
uch as skin factor and reservoir effective permeability can be evaluated in a time lapse fashion to reveal information about the dynamic cha
Blasingame semi-analytical solution eliminates the use of pseudotime for this case. Although being rigorous the Mireles and Blasingame s
have been misplaced. Nevertheless sufficient data exist to highlight the potential need for a paradigm shift in understanding how relative pe
he measured data is uninterpretable or worse mis-interpreted because of various artifacts of the measuring and differentiating process co
ould only be efficient provided that 3D reservoir models would be saturated with reliable data. Traditional core studying practices well and
from well test interpretation) are limited by the state-of-the-art in both data acquisition and analysis techniques. As data improve and bette
streaming potential. Vertical Well Cemented Arrays Electrode arrays were permanently installed in a water injection well and oil productio
from higher pressured zones to more depleted layers. Another limitation of a conventional buildup test is in its application to commingled re
d well test interpretation software for performing well test analysis calculations because engineers students and professionals alike seem
ated at 60 MMBBL and too small to justify a platform facility the field was tied back to the Brae Alpha platform through a single 30 000 ft lon
this paper we present a new technique to estimate vertical permeability from the time delay and horizontal permeability from the maximum
asured sandface flowrates. Objectives The objective of this work is to provide a comprehensive study of the analytic techniques that can b
and well properties and is not masked by the specific rate history during the test. In contrast to a Bourdet derivative plot or to a superpositio
ata are based on the Horner method using the approximate rates during the flow period. As such the estimated reservoir parameters are s
ults in reduction of uncertainty in reservoir description especially in fluvial reservoirs.ï¿½ Zheng et al. (2003) illustrate this integration using
ults in reduction of uncertainty in reservoir description especially in fluvial reservoirs.ï¿½ Zheng et al. (2003) illustrate this integration using
ed ones and a number of explanations for this difference are presented in the paper. 1.ï¿½ï¿½ Introduction Injection Fall-Off (IFO) test an
a thin underdeveloped low permeability carbonate reservoir unit within the Greater Burgan field. The matrix permeability is low and conse
a thin underdeveloped low permeability carbonate reservoir unit within the Greater Burgan field. The matrix permeability is low and conse
In addition an example well exhibiting a loss of layers (i.e. reservoir permeability thickness (kh)) with production and the restoration of rese
ure and linear flow probably occurs because of a natural fracture system. The value of can be thought of as a flow capacity for these wells.
n of the fracture performance efficiency in terms of the reservoir response and contribution identification of non-fractured zones bypassed
computational power and time. In addition special grid structures are often required to capture the details of flow convergence around com
much faster and had early water breakthrough. Consequently a water shut-off job is planned for this layer. In the second well MLT analysi
dy contained in transient data and surface flow rates of all phases. The results will provide engineers with additional parameters to improve
d pressure derivative reveal that the combination of partial penetration and dual-porosity effects yields unique finger prints at early and trans
Introduction The challenge in estimating reserves from pressure transient well test data very often arises in oil and gas explorations as wel
with real-time technology we were able to overcome the shortcomings of traditional well testing and address the concerns of both engineers
minary classical reservoir engineering studies performed on the Farragon field during the first year of oil production suggested a bigger tha
pressure behavior in response to appropriately designed sequence of well rate changes provides a way to evaluate some of these propert
pressure behavior in response to appropriately designed sequence of well rate changes provides a way to evaluate some of these propert
Timur-Coates MR permeability equation. MR permeability showed changes in reservoir quality. Values will be calibrated when Timur-Coates
g a well test is affected by the production from other wells operating in the same reservoir. The deconvolution algorithm has to be generaliz
awdown system response and production data in the form of a constant-pressure rate system response have emerged with development o
n of fracture parameters. Introduction Naturally fractured reservoirs differ from homogeneous reservoirs from many points of view: geologic
n along a horizontal wellbore is crucial for determing the effectiveness of a heating process such as SAGD startup. However direct estimat
erefore estimates on the basis of pure water properties considering the annulus to be a perfectly pressure-tight vessel can be considered
ssure regime. The HPHT conditions in the well were marginal; however it was designed and executed as if under full HPHT conditions. Max
two most permeable intervals the Pereriv-B and Pereriv-D have a total thickness of 80 meters with 20% porosity and 200 md permeability
s condensate reservoirs are becoming more common as deeper depths are being targeted in the exploration for oil and gas. The behaviors
analysis well tests
analysis well tests production logs and single probe wireline formation tests in order to obtain accurate interpretation results of highest con
Our technique has resulted in immense saving in rig time and cost since the workflow allowed delivering answers which enabled us to determ
e high water cut wells under gas lift providing operational flexibility and additional information of interest to optimize well productivity. Introd
e high water cut wells under gas lift providing operational flexibility and additional information of interest to optimize well productivity. Introd
f samples for full reservoir fluid characterization provides insights on the benefits and limitation of sampling in multiphase flow combined wit
low pressure production test separator a second mobile MPFM a 1440psi separator and a multiphase tracer technique. The objective to d
phase welltesting operations have been successfully performed recently that show acceptable performance capability and the benefits of th
w flow-measurement techniques for application to surface well testing and flow-measurement allocation in multiphase conditions without se
g remote wells slugging/intermittent wells due to system back pressure testing wells located on platforms not equipped with testing facilitie
% for the gas. The current paper will also put a special emphasis on the salinity change. Introduction A 3 phase flow measurement requires
eities pressure dependent properties and irregular boundary et al.) and exploitation factors (such as production history multiple phase ef
reservoirs) Case studies and filed examples selected for this paper will be used to demonstrate procedures; methods developed and illust
ching of numerical models to observed well test data. The first has been the subject of interest for some time. Most well testing software w
sure transient analysis while others are more comfortable with "rate decline" analysis."
imes for a given well at a given point-in-time? - What can be done to ensure that the quality of the test result is adequate? - What perf
sure is still above the dewpoint contains the original gas. The condensate bank around the wellbore contains two phases reservoir gas and
on horizontal-well behavior which makes it much more complex. Introduction Many studies (Fussel 1973; Barnum et al. 1995; Afidick et a
usually performed with the help of numerical compositional simulators. Compositional simulation requires fine gridding to model the formati
st to produce a given reservoir or to know its deliverability properties and size. Thus the attempt is to determine the reservoir conductivity
ate so the well bottom hole flowing pressure is a function of time; (2) Constant pressure transient rate created by setting the bottom hole flo
on about the dynamic changes of the reservoir. Introduction With the increased reliability and technology improvement more and more Pe
Mireles and Blasingame solution relies on evaluation of the non-linear term based on the average reservoir pressure predicted from materia
erstanding how relative permeabilities should be obtained for reservoir simulation. Introduction There are many examples of dry oil produc
differentiating process collectively termed noise.7â€“9 Various algorithms have been used in an effort to eliminate or reduce the inevitable
dying practices well and formation testing procedures do not quite meet the appropriate requirements. Reliable relative permeability func
s data improve and better interpretation methods are developed more and more useful information can be extracted from well test data. E
tion well and oil production well in a Mansfield sandstone reservoir in Indiana. 1 2 A 16-electrode array was cemented into the annulus of e
plication to commingled reservoirs where it only provides a total permeability-thickness and an average skin value. Usually permeability is t
professionals alike seem to believe that because the tools they use display eight decimal places all eight places are accurate. Consequen
ough a single 30 000 ft long 11.4 in. internal diameter flowline.ï¿½ Gas lift is supplied to the field using a shared flowline capable of up to 12
eability from the maximum pressure drop at the observation probe in a vertical interference test consisting of a drawdown period followed b
lytic techniques that can be used to explicitly deconvolve wellbore storage distorted well test data using only the given pressure data and th
e plot or to a superposition plot which display the pressure behavior for a specific flow period of a test sequence deconvolved drawdown r
eservoir parameters are susceptible to significant errors. This study presents a new systematic approach for interpretation of pressure data
rate this integration using geological petrophysical seismic attribute and well test data from a fluvial reservoir in the Gulf of Thailand. More
rate this integration using geological petrophysical seismic attribute and well test data from a fluvial reservoir in the Gulf of Thailand. More
ction Fall-Off (IFO) test analysis offers one of the cheapest ways to determine the dimensions of induced fractures. Unfortunately hardly an
meability is low and consequently the few vertical wells completed in the 10-20 ft target zone exhibit low or no productivity. In the 1990s 16
meability is low and consequently the few vertical wells completed in the 10-20 ft target zone exhibit low or no productivity. In the 1990s 16
and the restoration of reservoir kh with remedial stimulation substantiates this work.
w capacity for these wells. The drawdown/rate dependency of this analysis is quite different than analysis of radial flow. This difference was
actured zones bypassed zones (zones without a frac) under-designed fractures low conductivity values (and steps for improving it) re-frac
convergence around complex wellbores and to simulate the associated transient flow regimes add to the overall complexity of the numeric
second well MLT analysis showed that the upper layer had poorer permeability as compared to the lower layers. However this layer holds
al parameters to improve and speed up the prediction of well and reservoir performances in just about all studies. Background Information
er prints at early and transition periods. These unique characteristics are used to calculate several reservoir parameters including the stora
d gas explorations as well as in other oil industry applications. Thus determining radius of investigation during a pressure transient test bec
ncerns of both engineers and the management.ï¿½ Case studies are presented where production enhancement opportunities were uncove
n suggested a bigger than originally estimated volume of initial oil in place. This was in-line with the production performance which was con
ate some of these properties.ï¿½ This technique has been historically used for evaluation of formation permeability large-scale reservoir he
ate some of these properties.ï¿½ This technique has been historically used for evaluation of formation permeability large-scale reservoir he
rated when Timur-Coates constants are derived from the core plugs from this well. Introduction The Oseberg field is located in the northern
orithm has to be generalized so that it is possible to remove not only the effects of rate variation of the well itself but also the pressure interfe
erged with development of robust pressure/rate (von Schroeter et al. 2002 2004; Levitan 2005; Levitan et al. 2006; Ilk et al. 2006a b) and r
ny points of view: geological petrophysical production and economics. We may think of fractured reservoirs as initially homogeneous syste
p. However direct estimates of the net heat influx in the target formation during startup are difficult to measure mainly due to the uncertainti
essel can be considered a worst-case estimate for pressure buildup and a safe basis for design. Introduction Pressure buildup in tubing-c
full HPHT conditions. Maximum anticipated surface pressure with anticipated reservoir fluids to surface was deemed to be less than 690 b
and 200 md permeability. Introduction The need to monitor understand and model temperature and its impact is important across all eng
l and gas. The behaviors of such systems are complex and are still not fully understood especially in the near-wellbore region. Well tests i
tion results of highest consistency. Field examples will be discussed which show that smaller scale pressure transient tests often have an a
which enabled us to determine AOFP without resorting to conventional four points deliverability testing. Introduction Deliverability testing of
ze well productivity. Introduction: Field and Wells Description Monitoring Testing Needs In 1972 a year after the creation of the UAE Fede
ze well productivity. Introduction: Field and Wells Description Monitoring Testing Needs In 1972 a year after the creation of the UAE Fede
iphase flow combined with proper conditioning of the samples. The paper further elaborates on the comparison of the fluid composition bet
hnique. The objective to determine the most reliable technique(s) of measuring oil production rates was accomplished and now the reconc
ility and the benefits of this methodology compared to the parallel production measurement with a traditional gas separator. This novel com
ase conditions without separating the phases. This has resulted in new technology from the industry for both gas and oil production. Today
uipped with testing facilities easy mobility of the phase meters between different locations replacement of portable test separators and cost
ow measurement requires as minimum information the velocity for each phase (i.e. 3 velocity measurements) and 2 holdups (i.e. fractions) k
history multiple phase effects multiple layer partial penetration flooding mode and multiwell rate or pressure well controls et al.) taken int
hods developed and illustrate field applications. Introduction Analytical drawdown solution for analysing transient pressure data (test) is de
st well testing software with numerical option focus on this aspect. There are a number of papers that has been published in the last few ye
adequate? - What performance indicators can be put in-place to maximize test quality? - What can be done to automate the entire we
phases reservoir gas and liquid condensate and has a reduced gas mobility except in the immediate vicinity of the well at high production
um et al. 1995; Afidick et al. 1994) have reported significant losses of well deliverability in gas/condensate reservoirs because of condensat
dding to model the formation of the condensate bank with the required accuracy (Ali et al. 1997a). Non-Darcy flow and capillary-number effe
the reservoir conductivity (kh or permeability-thickness product) initial reservoir pressure and the reservoir limits (or boundaries). Also the
setting the bottom hole flowing pressure as constant so the flowing rate is a function of time i.e. transient rate. Transient data in case (1) c
ment more and more Permanent Down hole Gauges (PDG) have been installed in oilfields around the world especially in more challengin
ure predicted from material balance. They did not assess the nature and applicability of the average pressure approximation (APA) but exh
examples of dry oil production from portions of reservoirs where the local water saturation is relatively high (Matthews 2004). On the occasio
e or reduce the inevitable noise associated with the numerical differentiation of measured data.10 11 Unfortunately these procedures in ad
relative permeability functions and vertical to lateral permeability ratios are among the key input data for 3D simulations. Well and formatio
ted from well test data. Early well test analysis techniques were developed independently from one another and often gave widely differen
nted into the annulus of each well (Fig. 1). The lowest eight joints of casing were coated to insulate the casing and prevent short-circuiting o
. Usually permeability is then distributed between different layers based either on small-scale permeability measurements (mainly from cor
are accurate. Consequently distances to boundaries are often reported with a resolution of a tenth of a foot skin with two decimal digits an
owline capable of up to 12 MMSCFD at the current platform compression discharge pressure. ï¿½The field was originally completed with six
awdown period followed by a buildup period. We first describe the previous techniques on the subject emphasizing on vertical permeability
iven pressure data and the well/reservoir information. Introduction Previous Work: For the elimination of wellbore storage effects in pressu
deconvolved drawdown response is a representation of transient pressure behavior for a group of flow periods included in deconvolution. A
pretation of pressure data from CCTs based on the notion of a stepped change in wellbore storage. A schematic is presented in Fig. 1 to il
he Gulf of Thailand. More recently Zheng (2006) concludes that numerical well test interpretation which incorporates reservoir geology and
he Gulf of Thailand. More recently Zheng (2006) concludes that numerical well test interpretation which incorporates reservoir geology and
s. Unfortunately hardly any work has been carried out to date in order to provide a methodology for interpreting the pressure transient data
ductivity. In the 1990s 16 horizontal wells were drilled whose production performance is discussed in Ref. 1.ï¿½ In 2005 three horizontal w
ductivity. In the 1990s 16 horizontal wells were drilled whose production performance is discussed in Ref. 1.ï¿½ In 2005 three horizontal w
flow. This difference was demonstrated with reservoir simulation. Then a correction method was developed to improve the accuracy of ana
ps for improving it) re-fracturing candidates and identification of remaining well potential deliverability. Introduction Optimization of the pro
complexity of the numerical computation. Objective The objective of this paper is to improve the representation of single- and dual-lateral w
However this layer holds good oil reserves. Hence this well is a good candidate for future side tracking into the upper layer in order to exp
Background Information Design and analysis of transient well testing was initially developed for single phase flow in the reservoir. Most of
meters including the storage capacity ratio interporosity flow coefficient permeability and pseudo-skin. Equations have been developed for
ressure transient test becomes critically important. It may also be called transient drainage radius. Although it is often used in pressure tran
opportunities were uncovered as a result of scheduled and unscheduled events on wells producing with ESPs.ï¿½ The results show that m
erformance which was consistently above the initial expectations. Basic Decline Curve Analysis Pressure Transient Test interpretations m
y large-scale reservoir heterogeneities and boundaries reservoir connectivity well productivity and for diagnosing possible well productivit
y large-scale reservoir heterogeneities and boundaries reservoir connectivity well productivity and for diagnosing possible well productivit
d is located in the northern part of the North Sea 130 km NW of Bergen Norway. The sea depth in the area is 100 metersi.
ut also the pressure interferences with other wells in the reservoir. As a result we would be able to reconstruct the true characteristic well-pr
; Ilk et al. 2006a b) and rate/pressure (Kuchuk et al. 2005) deconvolution algorithms. In this work we focus on the pressure/rate deconvolu
tially homogeneous systems whose physical properties have been deformed or altered during their deposition. As a consequence it is not
inly due to the uncertainties in: ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½- ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½heat loss in the vertical section ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï
essure buildup in tubing-casing or casing-casing annuli is in general undesirable. Although casing design should take into account high pre
med to be less than 690 bar. Anticipated bottom hole static temperatures were anticipated in excess of 150ï¿½C. This well was drilled usin
s important across all engineering and geologic disciplines in a producing field. The particular area wellbore temperature sensing is very imp
llbore region. Well tests in particular are difficult to interpret. A discussion of the state-of-the-art in gas condensate well test interpretation w
sient tests often have an advantage over full scale well tests testing in terms of providing detailed layer flow behavior vertical connectivity a
on Deliverability testing of gas wells is based on theory of transient and pseudosteady flow of gases (Lee 1982). Traditionally different test
creation of the UAE Federation Total was granted a concession to develop the Abu Al Bukhoosh field. At that time the reserves to be prod
creation of the UAE Federation Total was granted a concession to develop the Abu Al Bukhoosh field. At that time the reserves to be prod
the fluid composition between traditional surface sampling methods and multiphase testing methods. The utilization of the dynamic inform
shed and now the reconciliation factor is 1.03. This paper describes the comparison how the results were analyzed and the comparative e
separator. This novel comparison and qualification process of multiphase flow meters also provides a better understanding of the aptitude o
and oil production. Today there are wet-gas flowmeters dedicated to the metering of wet-gas flows and multiphase meters for the meterin
e test separators and cost optimization. This paper presents the experience gained using a mobile multiphase well testing unit for productio
2 holdups (i.e. fractions) knowing that the sum of the 3 holdups is equal to 1. Numerous techniques exist to try to achieve these 5 measure
l controls et al.) taken into account can be more comprehensive and complicated so the well testing interpretation model are more close to
pressure data (test) is derived by solving a second order partial deferential diffusivity equation. Uncertainty is resulted from the inverse natu
ublished in the last few years 2 3 4 Currently we are interested in a consistent and integrated workflow for the latter two areas. Corbett et.
to automate the entire well test process from determining which well needs to be tested automatically putting that well on test minimizing
he well at high production rates where the relative permeability to gas is greater than in the bank because of capillary number effects (Dane
irs because of condensate blockage. The level of productivity decline depends on several factors including critical condensate saturation r
and capillary-number effects (Mott 2003)are accounted for through empirical correlations which require inputs such as the base capillary n
(or boundaries). Also the near wellbore condition is examined in order to evaluate whether the well productivity is governed by wellbore eff
ransient data in case (1) can be analyzed using method developed for transient well testing while in case (2) the traditional decline curve a
ecially in more challenging environments such as the deepwater reservoirs offshore. With the innovative and more robust PDG design this
roximation (APA) but exhaustively validated the APA approach using numerical simulation for the case of a constant rate inner boundary co
ews 2004). On the occasions when relative permeability data are available predictions of the expected water cut are not zero but typically in
y these procedures in addition to being cumbersome have undesirable side effects. They can alter the shape of the original data or create
lations. Well and formation testing procedures presented in this paper together with appropriate interpretation algorithms enable determini
often gave widely different results for the same tests1. This has had several consequences: (1) an analysis was never complete because th
d prevent short-circuiting of the electrode array through the casing. The electrodes were mounted outside the insulation. They were in electr
rements (mainly from cores) or on the flow profile derived from interpretation of the results from production logging testing PLT (with quest
with two decimal digits and permeabilities greater than 100 mD within 0.1 mD i.e. with resolutions better than 0.1% which is utterly ridiculo
ginally completed with six horizontal screened producers and one vertical water injector.ï¿½ Production started on 20 October 1997 with a
g on vertical permeability. Then we describe the mathematical model numerical schemes and verification of the technique. Next issues in
e storage effects in pressure transient test data a variety of methods using different techniques have been proposed.ï¿½ An approximate "d
cluded in deconvolution. As a result deconvolved system response is defined on a longer time interval and reveals the features of transient
is presented in Fig. 1 to illustrate the process of CCTs. This is essentially equivalent to drillstem tests (DSTs) when the formation fluid does
tes reservoir geology and heterogeneity (rock and fluid) is the future of well testing. Raghavan et al. (2000) provide another example of a flu
tes reservoir geology and heterogeneity (rock and fluid) is the future of well testing. Raghavan et al. (2000) provide another example of a flu
e pressure transient data of fractured water injection wells. This contrasts to the vast amount of work that has been carried out in the area o
n 2005 three horizontal wells including one tri-lateral as discussed in Ref. 2 have been drilled to further exploit this tight reservoir.ï¿½ This
n 2005 three horizontal wells including one tri-lateral as discussed in Ref. 2 have been drilled to further exploit this tight reservoir.ï¿½ This
prove the accuracy of analysis of transient linear flow. Solutions for Radial Flow It has long been accepted that radial flow transient solution
n Optimization of the productivity of an oil or gas well is a process of evaluating all of the available practical completion and operating cond
f single- and dual-lateral wells in numerical models for more accurate and computationally efficient simulation of pressure-transient respons
pper layer in order to exploit the untapped reserves in this layer. In this paper we will discuss the MLT testing technique introduce a wor
w in the reservoir. Most of the well testing work done today assumes that a dominant phase flows in the reservoir and uses the equations de
have been developed for calculating the skin for three partial completion cases: top center and bottom. The analytical solution was obtaine
ften used in pressure transient testing radius of investigation still is an ambiguous concept and there is no standard definition in the petrole
½ The results show that more than 70% of wells can benefit from stimulation potentially increasing production up to 300%.ï¿½ To make pro
nt Test interpretations material balance and numerical simulation models demonstrated consistency with field trends and with analogous f
g possible well productivity problems. Depending on test objectives a well test may last from several days to several weeks and even mon
g possible well productivity problems. Depending on test objectives a well test may last from several days to several weeks and even mon
true characteristic well-pressure responses to unit-rate production of each producing well in the reservoir. These responses reflect the rese
e pressure/rate deconvolution for analyzing well-test data. For over a half century pressure/rate deconvolution techniques have been appli
s a consequence it is not always easy to match the behavior of these systems specifically to forecast their production during simulation.
½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½- ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½steam quality along the horizontal segment ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½- ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½d
take into account high pressures at the casing head (e.g. caused by leakage or thermal expansion of the annular fluids) high-pressure diff
This well was drilled using a semi submersible drilling rig. The Geological objectives for the well were to test the Middle and Lower Jurassi
erature sensing is very importance as both early1-6 and recent work7 8 have showed its value. However such wellbore temperature monito
te well test interpretation was published in 2000 by Gringarten et al.[1] with an extensive review of the related literature. To summarize a ch
ior vertical connectivity and flow potential in thinly bedded environments. It will also be noted that the radius of investigation of a mini-DST
Traditionally different testing procedures like flow-after-flow isochronal and modified isochronal are used to estimate parameters required t
e the reserves to be produced were estimated at 194 MMstbo the field having an expected life span of 15 to 20 years. Today after 36 yea
e the reserves to be produced were estimated at 194 MMstbo the field having an expected life span of 15 to 20 years. Today after 36 yea
ion of the dynamic information obtained from the multiphase flowmeter to complement the understanding of the reservoir performance is di
ed and the comparative error associated with each technique.

standing of the aptitude of conventional means to collect rate in the case of wet gas wells in Northern Siberia.
ase meters for the metering of multiphase liquid flows. The common approach to wet-gas measurement relates gas and liquid flows to a ps
ll testing unit for production testing. The challenges presented by the nature of these operations and the requirements for successful well te
achieve these 5 measurements ([Ref [1 2 and 9]). Meanwhile a multiphase flowmeter is measuring at line conditions the different flowrate
n model are more close to the real reservoir model.
ulted from the inverse nature of the problem. In general ideal assumptions are made in order to solve a mathematical model. This gives rise
ter two areas. Corbett et. al.5 . used a numerical model of braided fluvial reservoirs to calculate well test responses. A â€œgeo-skin concep
t well on test minimizing durations automatically validating the test result and electronically sending the result to recipient systems and th
lary number effects (Danesh et al. 1994; Boom et al. 1995; Henderson et al. 1998; Mott et al. 1999).
l condensate saturation relative permeabilities non-Darcy flow and high capillary number effects. Retrograde condensation occurs when
ch as the base capillary number (i.e. the minimum value required to see capillary-number effects) the reservoir absolute permeability and
governed by wellbore effects (such as skin and storage) or by the reservoir at large. Skin effect is not always just due to wellbore damage.
traditional decline curve analysis method will be used. Both these cases will yield information about the tested reservoir such as model and
e robust PDG design this has gradually replaced the conventional production tests and well tests to provide engineers with a cost effective
ant rate inner boundary condition. The effort of Mireles and Blasingame should be considered to be an empirical demonstration of validity o
re not zero but typically in the range of 30 to 60%. A particular example is that of the abandoned UK North Sea reservoir Maureen (Cutts 19
the original data or create false oscillations at late times and during infinite-acting radial flow. The current practice is to use centuries-old an
gorithms enable determining relative permeabilities for oil gas and water capillary pressures and full tensor permeability. For carbonate re
ever complete because there always was an alternative analysis method that had not been tried; (2) interpreters had no basis on which to a
ation. They were in electrical contact with the cement but not with the metal casing. The casing was perforated with oriented perforations so
g testing PLT (with questionable uniform skin assumption). In both cases such a distribution can result in erroneous reservoir characteriza
% which is utterly ridiculous.
n 20 October 1997 with a production rate of 35 000 BOPD achieved by June 1998.ï¿½ A selection of reservoir properties are given in Tabl
echnique. Next issues in practical application of the presented technique are discussed. Application of this technique to two field test exam
ed.ï¿½ An approximate "direct" method by Russell (1966) "corrects" the pressure transient data distorted by wellbore storage into the equiv
s the features of transient behavior that otherwise would not be observed with conventional analysis approach. The deconvolution discusse
n the formation fluid does not get produced at the surface. The flow period is the one when the downhole valve X is open and the wellhead
e another example of a fluvial gas condensate reservoir where the integration of geologic and geophysical interpretations with measuremen
e another example of a fluvial gas condensate reservoir where the integration of geologic and geophysical interpretations with measuremen
n carried out in the area of pressure transient analysis for wells with propped fractures. Both pressure transient tests during hydraulic fractu
his tight reservoir.ï¿½ This paper discusses challenges encountered during testing and analysis of the first horizontal well drilled in the 2005
his tight reservoir.ï¿½ This paper discusses challenges encountered during testing and analysis of the first horizontal well drilled in the 2005
dial flow transient solutions can be approximated by analytical solutions in terms of m(p) regardless of flow rate. Constant rate solutions h
letion and operating condition scenarios that can be applied to a well to achieve maximum productivity. The objective is to significantly incre
ressure-transient responses. Also a practical approach will be presented to model the dual-lateral wells in uniformly distributed Cartesian g
echnique introduce a workflow for the analysis and then will discuss the results of the analyses for two examples from GNPOC. Based on
and uses the equations developed for single phase flow to calculate well and reservoir properties. It is reasoned that using the single-phase
ytical solution was obtained by combining the partially penetrating well model in a homogeneous reservoir with the pseudo-steady model fo
ard definition in the petroleum literature. For instance it is defined at http://www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/ as the calculated maximum radius
o 300%.ï¿½ To make proactive decisions and act on the recommendations generated from these production enhancement opportunities is
nds and with analogous fields although the production period by the time the first studies were performed was quite short. Transient test d
eral weeks and even months.ï¿½ The longer the test the larger is the reservoir volume investigated during the test.ï¿½ When used for exp
eral weeks and even months.ï¿½ The longer the test the larger is the reservoir volume investigated during the test.ï¿½ When used for exp
responses reflect the reservoir and well properties and could be used for recovering these properties by the techniques of pressure-transien
chniques have been applied to well-test pressure and rate data as a means to obtain the constant-rate behavior of the system (Hutchinson
ction during simulation.

ï¿½ï¿½- ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½distribution of steam along the wellbore ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½- ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½operational conditions an
fluids) high-pressure differences always hold the risk of the casing bursting or collapsing at weak points leading to loss of production (Var
Middle and Lower Jurassic; Garn Ile Ror/Tofte and Tilje Formations for the presence of Hydrocarbons (see Table 2 for details). The stacke
lbore temperature monitoring and interpretation has focused on the immediate region of the well. At Chirag we find that temperature data a
ature. To summarize a characteristic of gas condensate production is the creation of a condensate bank when the bottomhole pressure dro
vestigation of a mini-DST is limited typically within tens of feet. This paper demonstrates using field examples that reservoir boundaries can
ate parameters required to provide deliverability estimates. The turbulent or non-Darcy flow effects close to the wellbore which appear as
years. Today after 36 years and a cumulative production of 510 MMstbo oil is still being produced and will continue to be for many years to
years. Today after 36 years and a cumulative production of 510 MMstbo oil is still being produced and will continue to be for many years to
eservoir performance is discussed. Introduction Recent advances in the wet gas multiphase well testing have recently enabled the measur
as and liquid flows to a pseudo-gas flow rate" calculated from the standard single-phase equations. This addresses the need for gas measu
ents for successful well tests are reviewed. The importance of well testing experience and multiphase flow metering expertise is highlighted
tions the different flowrates; therefore it is necessary to associate two other measurements for PVT Conversion from line to standard condit
ical model. This gives rise to the limit of its practical application. Very often analytical solution can be derived when a mathematical model
s. A â€œgeo-skin concept was developed from these data to be used in a full-field model. He and Chambers6 presented a methodology to
o recipient systems and then selecting the next well to test? The purpose of this paper is to discuss Shell E&P experiences and real time
ndensation occurs when the flowing bottomhole pressure falls below the dewpoint pressure (Kniazeff and Naville 1965; Gringarten et al. 20
bsolute permeability and the relative permeability curves. These are usually determined experimentally but laboratory measurements at ne
due to wellbore damage. If a well has limited entry or only partially penetrates the formation then flow cannot enter the well over the entire
ervoir such as model and associated parameters. However in practice the conditions described in cases (1) and (2) are hard to maintain s
eers with a cost effective means for long term real time reservoir monitoring and management (Rossi et al. 2000; Chiriti et al. 2001; Ballin
emonstration of validity of the APA for all (realistic) values of pressure. Again the need for such a (direct) solution arises in the analysis of
servoir Maureen (Cutts 1991). This lack of agreement means that effective reservoir management is hampered because it is difficult for sim
is to use centuries-old analytical techniques developed by Newton and Stirling for interpolating digitally sampled data. When viewed in the
eability. For carbonate reservoirs it also becomes possible to identify reservoir type and evaluate full set of parameters required for 3D m
had no basis on which to agree on analysis results; and (3) the general opinion was that well testing was useless given the wide range of p
th oriented perforations so as not to damage the electrodes and the connecting cables. After perforation electrical current leaked through th
ous reservoir characterization. In addition in case of significant skin contrast between layers the total permeability-thickness can be undere
operties are given in Table 1 to give some idea of the productivity of the reservoir. Table 1 â€“ West Brae Properties ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿
que to two field test examples is presented. Prior Arts Burns1 generated type curves based on the uniform-flux solution by integrating a un
ore storage into the equivalent pressure function for the constant rate case.ï¿½ Despite its simplicity it has several shortcomings such as l
he deconvolution discussed in this paper is based on the algorithm first described by von Schroeter Hollaender and Gringarten (2001 200
is open and the wellhead valve Y is closed. This flow period resembles a perforation inflow test. In contrast the buildup period is the one w
etations with measurements from flow tests helped in reservoir characterization. The authors discussed the advantages of using numerical i
etations with measurements from flow tests helped in reservoir characterization. The authors discussed the advantages of using numerical i
sts during hydraulic fracture stimulation (called â€œminifrac tests) (e.g.1) and pressure transient tests during production after stimulation (t
tal well drilled in the 2005 program. The first Mauddud horizontal ï¿½well of the 2005 program is a 2 270 ft long horizontal well targeting an
tal well drilled in the 2005 program. The first Mauddud horizontal ï¿½well of the 2005 program is a 2 270 ft long horizontal well targeting an
Constant rate solutions have been emphasized but it can also be shown that constant pwf flow can also be approximated by analytical sol
tive is to significantly increase the productivity of the well to maximize the financial performance of multi-fractured wells. From a performan
mly distributed Cartesian grid. This approach involves proper accounting for the orientation length and friction-head loss of the multi-lateral
from GNPOC. Based on the success of these cases multi-layer transient testing is estabilished as a preferred testing technique in this com
at using the single-phase flow equations while working with actual field data one ends up obtaining the effective permeability of the specific
e pseudo-steady model for a naturally fractured reservoir. The interpretation of pressure tests in both systems i.e. fractured and unfracture
alculated maximum radius in a formation in which pressure has been affected during the flow period of a transient well test. This definition is
ancement opportunities is still a challenge that needs to be addressed. For fields with large numbers of ESP wells a time snap of reservoir
uite short. Transient test data were interpreted to determine the reservoir properties and to estimate the connected volumes. Material balan
st.ï¿½ When used for exploration and reservoir appraisal these tests normally involve flowing hydrocarbons to surface and disposal of som
st.ï¿½ When used for exploration and reservoir appraisal these tests normally involve flowing hydrocarbons to surface and disposal of som
iques of pressure-transient analysis. Multiwell deconvolution thus becomes in a way a general technique for interference well-test analysis
f the system (Hutchinson and Sikora 1959; Coats et al. 1964; Jargon and van Poollen 1965; Kuchuk et al. 1990; Thompson and Reynolds 1
operational conditions and ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½- ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½additional effects of convection heating.

to loss of production (Vargo et al. 2002) or in the worst case loss of the well (Nelson 2002). For this reason most operating companies adh
2 for details). The stacked reservoirs were sandstones with intercalated shales belonging to the Fangst and Bï¿½t Groups. Separate by sh
d that temperature data also contains interwell information. Chirag uses permanent downhole gauges (PDHG) to record pressure and temp
e bottomhole pressure drops below the dew point[2] pressure. This reduces the gas relative permeability[3] around the well and leads to a lo
t reservoir boundaries can be detected when sufficient radius of investigation is achieved. In addition the understanding of limitations and a
ellbore which appear as rate-dependent or non-Darcy skin requires gas wells to be tested at a number of rates with the above mentioned
ue to be for many years to come (Fig. 1). In order to achieve such a result extensive continuous efforts have been deployed over the yea
ue to be for many years to come (Fig. 1). In order to achieve such a result extensive continuous efforts have been deployed over the yea
ently enabled the measurement in the field of reliable rates of gas condensate and water in gas and condensate wells. The need for inline
es the need for gas measurement in the presence of liquids and can be applied to a limit of liquid flow [or gas volume fraction (GVF)] thoug
ng expertise is highlighted. The paper also explains the unique benefits of the multiphase well test data in identifying and evaluating various
om line to standard conditions (i.e. Pressure and Temperature Sensors). The most common technique used in the industry to measure flow
en a mathematical model is made ideal. Non-ideal case (real case) is analysed using solutions derived from ideal model. This is very much
esented a methodology to verify and update geostatistically-based full-field reservoir simulation models using numerical well testing . The au
xperiences and real time software applications relating to the above well test optimization and automation issues.
1965; Gringarten et al. 2000) creating three regions in the reservoir with different liquid saturations. Away from the well an outer region ha
atory measurements at near-wellbore conditions are very difficult and expensive to obtain. An alternative as shown in this paper is to obta
ter the well over the entire producing interval and the well will experience a larger pressure drop for a given flow rate than a well that fully pe
(2) are hard to maintain so the transient data obtained will either be variable rate transient pressure or variable bottomhole pressure transi
; Chiriti et al. 2001; Ballinas et al. 2002; Mason et al.; Weaver et al. 2005). The published leading research in handling PDG data is from
n arises in the analysis of both gas well test data and gas well production data â€” where both analyses have traditionally used approximate
ecause it is difficult for simulation models to mimic the observed early reservoir production without use of data that may bear little resemblan
data. When viewed in the frequency domain these techniques are clearly high-pass and band-pass filters which exaggerate high frequenc
meters required for 3D multiphase dual porosity simulations. New Technique for Well Testing in Oil Reservoirs The theory and practice o
given the wide range of possible results. Significant progress was achieved in the late 70â€™s and early 80â€™s with the development of
l current leaked through the perforation holes to the metal casing. The electrical insulation of the casing was imperfect but functional as ind
y-thickness can be underestimated. This paper introduces a new well testing method named â€œWell Testing by Production Logging (WTP
ies ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Reservoir Depthï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï

olution by integrating a unit impulse point source with respect to time and space. The boundary effect is considered by the image method. H
al shortcomings such as limited accuracy and erroneous skin factor estimation.ï¿½ In short the Russell (1966) method should not be used.
nd Gringarten (2001 2004). An independent evaluation of the von Schroeter et al. algorithm by Levitan (2005) confirmed that with some en
uildup period is the one when the downhole valve X is closed and the wellhead valve Y is closed. The closing of the downhole valve reduce
tages of using numerical interpretation of well tests as compared to classical analytical interpretation.ï¿½ They also noted that sub seismic
tages of using numerical interpretation of well tests as compared to classical analytical interpretation.ï¿½ They also noted that sub seismic
duction after stimulation (that is build-up tests) (e.g.2-5) have been studied extensively. The theories as developed in Refs.1-5 by now are w
horizontal well targeting an area interpreted to have high fracture density (see well schematic in Figure 1). The main purpose of the well is to
horizontal well targeting an area interpreted to have high fracture density (see well schematic in Figure 1). The main purpose of the well is to
oximated by analytical solutions regardless of the level of drawdown. Figs. 1 and 2 demonstrate this point. These figures show the results o
wells. From a performance perspective the optimum production and completion would be the one that results in the maximum economic b
ad loss of the multi-lateral segment crossing a grid block. The proposed approach can be easily implemented in the conventional reservoir s
sting technique in this complex reservoir environment.
permeability of the specific phase whose flow rate and fluid properties are used in the analysis (Earlougher 1977 p.18). Another approach i
. fractured and unfractured reservoirs is performed using Tiabâ€™s Direct Synthesis (TDS) technique for analyzing log-log pressure and pr
well test. This definition is not completely accurate when we apply an instantaneous source during which pressure may diffuse to a long dis
a time snap of reservoir properties could be periodically obtained to track changes in pressure skin and permeability for real time optimiza
d volumes. Material balance provided oil in place results consistent with those from the pressure transient tests a quantitative insight into th
rface and disposal of some of these hydrocarbons through flaring.ï¿½ Completion of a reservoir appraisal well and subsequent well testing
rface and disposal of some of these hydrocarbons through flaring.ï¿½ Completion of a reservoir appraisal well and subsequent well testing
rference well-test analysis. The problem however is that the interference pressure signals produced by other wells are small compared to t
Thompson and Reynolds 1986; Baygun et al. 1997). A thorough review and list of the previous deconvolution algorithms can be found in vo
operating companies adhere to annular-pressure-management schemes for onshore and platform wells which prescribe bleeding off pres
½t Groups. Separate by shale intervals (Not Ror) typically formed intra-formational seals. The main objective of the Onyx SW well test was
record pressure and temperature in the active producers. The bottom-hole pressure (BHP) data is used extensively to understand interwell
d the well and leads to a loss of well productivity [4-7] with some wells even ceasing production completely due to condensate loading in the
anding of limitations and advantages will allow the proper selection of test types in order to meet specific objectives and maximize the full po
with the above mentioned tests so as to be able to estimate the non-Darcy flow coefficient by separating the mechanical skin component fro
en deployed over the years to further develop Abu Al Bukhoosh resources in response to the growing maturity of the field. A remarkably wi
en deployed over the years to further develop Abu Al Bukhoosh resources in response to the growing maturity of the field. A remarkably wi
wells. The need for inline measurement has been made more acute in the last few years to tackle the following issues: Mitigation of the ca
me fraction (GVF)] though the accuracy of this approach decreases with decreasing GVF. The accurate determination of liquid rates by we
ng and evaluating various well performance anomalies and how the measurements are used to monitor well production over time. Introduc
e industry to measure flowrates is the Venturi (or differential measurements); all manufacturers are using one or several Venturi and most o
model. This is very much what happened in well testing in the oil industry. Engineers use analytical model and solutions (type curves) for we
erical well testing . The authors pointed out the difficulty in history matching during a simulation study due to the large uncertainties associa
e well an outer region has the initial liquid saturation; next nearer the well there is a rapid increase in liquid saturation and a decrease in th
wn in this paper is to obtain them from well-test data. Well-test analysis is recognized as a valuable tool for reservoir surveillance and moni
ate than a well that fully penetrates the formation. This geometric effect gives rise to the partial penetration skin effect. There are other oper
ottomhole pressure transient rate. Therefore the transient well testing or decline curve analysis methods cannot be applied directly before h
andling PDG data is from Chevron and Stanford University (Kikani and He 1998). By examine simulated and field examples the wavelet m
itionally used approximate methods such as the pressure or pressure-squared methods [Rawlins and Schellhardt (1935) Aronofsky and Je
may bear little resemblance to measurements. The focus of this paper is first to examine the uncertainties in the data that are used for the
exaggerate high frequency noise and distort the true dp/dt curve. The data is typically smoothed by subjectively choosing the points used in
The theory and practice of transient well tests has been developing for more than 50 years starting mainly from the well-known work of Mi
s with the development of an integrated methodology based on signal theory and the subsequent introduction of derivatives. It was found th
rfect but functional as indictated by field test results. Horizontal Well Sand Control Completion A second field experiment utilized a 21-elec
Production Logging (WTPL) which does not require shutting down the production in order to obtain formation permeability and skin. WTPL
½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 5 500 ft ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Initial Pressureï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

d by the image method. He used type-curve matching method to estimate vertical permeability by time match and horizontal permeability b
ethod should not be used. Rate normalization techniques [Gladfelter et. al. (1955) Fetko-vich and Vienot (1984)] have also been employe
nfirmed that with some enhancements and safeguards it can be used successfully for analysis of real well-test data. There are several enha
he downhole valve reduces the effective wellbore storage and increases the chance of capturing the data dominated by the reservoir-domin
o noted that sub seismic features may be identified and their properties estimated by conducting flow tests. Rooij et al. (2002) studied poin
o noted that sub seismic features may be identified and their properties estimated by conducting flow tests. Rooij et al. (2002) studied poin
d in Refs.1-5 by now are well-accepted â€œtextbook methodologies. This paper deals with the subject of pressure fall-off analysis on fract
in purpose of the well is to understand the contribution of the fractures and determine to which extent they enhance the well productivity. A
in purpose of the well is to understand the contribution of the fractures and determine to which extent they enhance the well productivity. A
figures show the results of simulated transient radial flow for a wide variety of rate and drawdown values. Specifically note that all the sem
the maximum economic benefit to the operator. In practice the optimum completion design and operating condition well/reservoir productio
e conventional reservoir simulators without compromising the computation time. Outline After a summary of the pertinent literature and ba
p.18). Another approach is to use the Perrine method (Perrine 1956; Martin 1959; Miller et al. 1967) where a â€œtotal flow mobility is calcul
ng log-log pressure and pressure derivative plots. TDS uses analytical equations to determine reservoir and well characteristics without usin
e may diffuse to a long distance. Therefore to understand the radius of investigation first we look at the pressure distributions in a 1D radia
bility for real time optimization. Introduction One of the main objectives of every operating company is to optimize reserves in order to max
quantitative insight into the production mechanism and water front displacement. Water breakthrough occurred in the deeper well # 2 6 mo
d subsequent well testing is a long and very expensive operation which carries significant operational risks.ï¿½ A decision to perform a well
d subsequent well testing is a long and very expensive operation which carries significant operational risks.ï¿½ A decision to perform a well
s are small compared to the pressure signal caused by the production of the well itself. These pressure interference signals are delayed in
rithms can be found in von Schroeter et al. (2004). The primary objective of applying pressure/rate deconvolution is to convert the pressure
rescribe bleeding off pressure through the wellhead once a predetermined pressure level (e.g. 20% of the minimum internal yield pressure
e Onyx SW well test was to investigate the stacked formations Ile Ror/Tofte and Tilje by conducting a multi-zone DST with each interval b
ely to understand interwell communication and reservoir properties but bottom-hole temperature (BHT) data had seen little use. However w
condensate loading in the wellbore.[5] This â€œcondensate banking effect however is compensated by â€œvelocity stripping which incre
s and maximize the full potential use of acquired data for field development plans in thinly laminated deepwater environments.
anical skin component from the total skin factor (st ). All these multirate methods of interpretation require well tests of quite long durations (H
the field. A remarkably wide variety of means and techniques have been deployed throughout its development to curb the decline in produc
the field. A remarkably wide variety of means and techniques have been deployed throughout its development to curb the decline in produc
sues: Mitigation of the carry over in gas line out of conventional separator Increasing need for high resolution of GCR measurements to d
nation of liquid rates by wet-gas meters is restricted in range. The application and performance of multiphase meters has been well docume
uction over time. Introduction Accuracy of the flow test results performed by the existing test separators in ADCO fields was an issue rose lo
everal Venturi and most of the time coupled with a density nuclear measurement. The fraction measurement techniques are more versatile
utions (type curves) for well test analysis. The final results are justified by a â€œmatching between analytical solution and measured transie
arge uncertainties associated with reservoir properties in flow simulation models particularly for permeability. This is because of limited core
ation and a decrease in the gas mobility. Liquid in that region is immobile. Closer to the well an inner region is formed in which liquid satura
oir surveillance and monitoring and provides estimates of a number of parameters required for reservoir characterization reservoir simulati
ect. There are other operation issues which may have influence on the pressure drop such as asphaltene deposition. Asphaltene may man
e applied directly before having the specified conditions met the criteria. A mathematical algorithm called deconvolution can solve this prob
examples the wavelet method has been recognized as a useful tool in dealing with the long term transient pressure data from PDG. Athich
(1935) Aronofsky and Jenkins (1954)] or rigorous but tedious pseudovariables [Al-Hussainy et al (1966) and Agarwal (1979)]."
data that are used for the predictions. The Maureen reservoir--its data were placed in the public domain for research and training purposes
oosing the points used in the calculation a sufficient distance from the point of interest.11 Regardless of which method of numerical differen
he well-known work of Miller Dyes and Hutchinson.[1] According to S. Holditch [2] the SPE 2001 library contained 4341 papers devoted to
derivatives. It was found that although reservoirs are all different in terms of depth pressure fluid composition geology etc. their behavior
periment utilized a 21-electrode array deployed in a horizontal well that was drilled in a thin oil column within a Cypress formation sandstone
meability and skin. WTPL imposes short periodic variations of flowrate which result in similar cyclic pressure variations. The resulting reserv
al Pressureï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 2 500 psi ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

horizontal permeability by pressure match. Kamal2 also generated a series of type curves assuming spherical flow into the point source an
have also been employed to correct for wellbore storage effects and these rate normalization methods were successful in some cases.ï¿½
ta. There are several enhancements that distinguish our form of the deconvolution algorithm. The original von Schroeter algorithm reconstru
ed by the reservoir-dominated flow. A typical DST chart is presented in Fig. 2 highlighting the flow and buildup periods we are interested in
et al. (2002) studied point bar geometry connectivity and well test signatures in fluvial systems focusing on the lateral connectivity betwee
et al. (2002) studied point bar geometry connectivity and well test signatures in fluvial systems focusing on the lateral connectivity betwee
e fall-off analysis on fractured water injection wells. In this area the situation is entirely different from the one above in the sense that until
ce the well productivity. A pressure transient test program was carried out to establish the potential of the well and shed light on the reservo
ce the well productivity. A pressure transient test program was carried out to establish the potential of the well and shed light on the reservo
cally note that all the semi-log straight line slopes are parallel to the analytical solutions in Figs. 1 and 2. This means that when permeability
on well/reservoir production option used will commonly be the optimum solution indicated on an economic basis or at least a reasonable m
pertinent literature and background we first present the improvement of well transmissibility for a single lateral. Then we discuss the additio
total flow mobility is calculated as shown in equation1 Equation (1) Several studies addressed transient testing under specific multiphase f
haracteristics without using type-curve matching. These characteristics are obtained from unique fingerprints such as flow regime lines and
distributions in a 1D radial-cylindrical homogeneous reservoir produced by a fully completed vertical well in which after the wellbore storage
e reserves in order to maximize their assets value.ï¿½ For the reservoir engineers in the brown fields (mature fields) the challenge in definin
the deeper well # 2 6 months after 1st oil. The water cut was matched and the water breakthrough in the shallower well # 1 has been pred
decision to perform a well test and accept these costs and risks should only be supported if the test will provide the information that is critica
decision to perform a well test and accept these costs and risks should only be supported if the test will provide the information that is critica
ce signals are delayed in time and the time delay depends on the distance between respective wells. All this makes multiwell deconvolution
is to convert the pressure data response from a variable-rate test or production sequence into an equivalent pressure profile that would hav
um internal yield pressure of the affected casing) is reached.

DST with each interval being tested separately. Testing of two zones with a third as a contingency was planned to cover the formations of
een little use. However we now find that flowing BHT (FBHT) detects interwell communication with interference delay times consistent with
ocity stripping which increases the gas mobility in the immediate vicinity of the wellbore.[8] â€œVelocity or â€œviscous stripping (also called
nvironments.
s of quite long durations (Horne and Kuchuk 1988). Kabir (2006) suggested a two step approach based on multirate transient drawdown te
curb the decline in production and extend its life such as phased development secondary reservoirs development well activation optimiza
curb the decline in production and extend its life such as phased development secondary reservoirs development well activation optimiza
GCR measurements to determine changes in fluid properties on choke changes Higher repeatability measurements to confirm slow trends
ers has been well documented through technical papers and industry forums and after several years of development is maturing (Scheers
fields was an issue rose long time ago. Field reports always indicated that the actual production volumes of
niques are more versatile and we could split them between low energy gamma ray measurement the most common one and electromagne
tion and measured transient pressure data. Assumptions made are ignored while perusing â€œperfect match during the analysis. Results d
s because of limited core sampling from the reservoir and difference in scale between grid block and core permeability. Well test data is ide
med in which liquid saturation is higher than a critical condensate saturation and both the oil and gas phases are mobile. Finally in the imm
rization reservoir simulation and well-productivity forecasting. In gas/condensate reservoirs when the BHP is below the dewpoint pressure
tion. Asphaltene may manipulate the reservoir property or skin factor. Unstable asphaltene can form a separate phase that might plug the o
olution can solve this problem. Deconvolution technique is capable of transferring the transient pressure as a result of variable rate into an
ure data from PDG. Athichanagorn and Horne (1999) from Stanford developed a multi-step procedure for the processing and interpretation
arwal (1979)]."
rch and training purposes by Phillips after it was abandoned (Gringarten et al. 2000)--provides the main source of information. The data exa
ethod of numerical differentiation is used and regardless of the manipulations employed to reduce the scatter in the resulting derivative data
d 4341 papers devoted to vertical horizontal and interference well tests etc. Yet many papers and monographs absent in the library have
ology etc. their behaviors in well tests were made of a few number of basic components that were the same everywhere every time. Well
press formation sandstone reservoir. 3 4 The well was completed openhole with sand screens and a gravel pack. External casing packers s
ions. The resulting reservoir response is recorded bottomhole using a PLT string. The amplitude ratio and phase lag of the pressure relative
¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Gas/Oil Ratioï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿

w into the point source and observation point. Pratsâ€™s solution3 is based on a continuous point source of a constant rate using the met
essful in some cases.ï¿½ The most appropriate appli-cation of rate normalization is its use for pressure transient data influenced by continu
roeter algorithm reconstructs only the logarithm of log-derivative of the pressure response to constant rate production. Initial reservoir press
riods we are interested in. In this study Dt is the elapsed time since the beginning of inflow of fluid and Dtp is the duration of flow period. W
ateral connectivity between point bars.ï¿½ Their work investigated the effect of different types of channel fill sequences on well test signatu
ateral connectivity between point bars.ï¿½ Their work investigated the effect of different types of channel fill sequences on well test signatu
ve in the sense that until recently 6-7 there existed no practical methodology dedicated to pressure fall-off analysis on fractured water injec
d shed light on the reservoir structure.ï¿½ Different phases of the test program can be summarized as (see Figures 2 and 3). Initial clean-u
d shed light on the reservoir structure.ï¿½ Different phases of the test program can be summarized as (see Figures 2 and 3). Initial clean-u
ns that when permeability is calculated from the semi-log straight line slope it will tend to be accurate. However it was found that this is no
or at least a reasonable melding of the optimum economic and technical options considered. An innovative robust and unique production o
hen we discuss the addition of a second lateral to the model. We finally compare the accuracy of the numerical model against analytical so
nder specific multiphase flow conditions. Examples include work on solution-gas-drive reservoirs (Raghavan 1976) gas condensate reservo
h as flow regime lines and points of intersection of these lines that are found on the log-log plot of pressure and pressure derivative. It isap
after the wellbore storage effect the flow regime is predominantly radial before the effect of any outer boundary. Note that this may not be t
s) the challenge in defining the exploitation strategy is the lack of critical reservoir information such as pressure and permeability.ï¿½ Many
wer well # 1 has been predicted to occur after some 20 months of the field production start. Full field numerical reservoir simulation studies
e information that is critical to shaping the appropriate reservoir development plan. There are alternative techniques for evaluation of forma
e information that is critical to shaping the appropriate reservoir development plan. There are alternative techniques for evaluation of forma
es multiwell deconvolution an extremely difficult problem.

ure profile that would have been obtained if the well were produced at a constant rate for the entire duration of the production history. If su
o cover the formations of interest. Results from the well logging narrowed this to execution of a two zone DST from a cost vs. benefit stand
delay times consistent with pressure transient analysis (PTA) i.e. it can be used to estimate interwell permeability. The FBHT data also sign
cous stripping (also called â€œpositive coupling)[9-13] occurs at high capillarity number a dimensionless parameter that represents a ratio
ate transient drawdown tests followed or preceded by a buildup. Firstly he estimates reservoir parameters (k s D and p*) with transient da
nt well activation optimization of production mechanisms use of emerging technologies understanding heterogeneities and replacement a
nt well activation optimization of production mechanisms use of emerging technologies understanding heterogeneities and replacement a
nts to confirm slow trends Circumventing hydrate formation issues downstream of surface production chokes plugging up controls in separ
ent is maturing (Scheers 2004). Some multiphase measurement techniques can perform better and the meters provide a more compact so
on one and electromagnetic measurement. The former is the simplest option to get the multiphase meter as less complex as possible. Inde
ng the analysis. Results derived by such an approach are rather misleading. Well testing â€“ a very useful engineering dynamic measurem
bility. Well test data is ideal for bridging the gap between core and grid block permeabilities because it samples the reservoir on the scale o
mobile. Finally in the immediate vicinity of the well there is a region with lower liquid saturation owing to capillary number effects which rep
ow the dewpoint pressure the effective permeability to gas in the near-wellbore region and at initial liquid saturation can be estimated with
hase that might plug the oil-bearing rock formation near a well1. At the discussing oilfield in the southwest of Iran one well demonstrates th
lt of variable rate into an equivalent constant rate transient pressure. It also can convert a series of transient pressure due to variable or st
essing and interpretation of long-term pressure data through the analysis of both simulated and actual field data. Their study found that the
information. The data examined are viscosity saturation and relative permeability. Having established which data are the most uncertain
e resulting derivative data the analyst is often left with data not entirely representative of the well/reservoir system under investigation. In th
absent in the library have been published in Russia. Here we would only refer to several of the latter.[3-9] The distinctive feature of the w
rywhere every time. Well test analysis was about finding these components which could be achieved in a systematic way following a well-
External casing packers subdivided the annulus into three zones. An electrical valve which also recorded the annular and tubing pressure
ag of the pressure relative to the flowrate can then be analyzed to provide formation properties such as permeability and skin factor. A spe
ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 290 scf/bbl ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Porosityï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

onstant rate using the method of images. He derived a simple form of drawdown solution at large times. He treated perforation interval and
data influenced by continuously varying flowrates. The application of rate normalization requires the sandface rate measurements and gene
tion. Initial reservoir pressure is supposed to be determined in the deconvolution process along with the deconvolved drawdown system res
duration of flow period. When Dt > Dtp it indicates a time within the shut-in period. The basis of the CCTs lies in the principles of slug test
ences on well test signatures and connectivity across channel fills.ï¿½ Toro-Rivera et al. (1994) summarized that flow characteristics of a flu
ences on well test signatures and connectivity across channel fills.ï¿½ Toro-Rivera et al. (1994) summarized that flow characteristics of a flu
is on fractured water injectors. The very limited interest in fall-off test analysis on fractured water injectors may be well related to the fact th
s 2 and 3). Initial clean-up on full choke followed by a shut-in period to let the reservoir return to its initial pressure Initial 8-hour flow period
s 2 and 3). Initial clean-up on full choke followed by a shut-in period to let the reservoir return to its initial pressure Initial 8-hour flow period
t was found that this is not true for linear flow. Effect of Drawdown on Transient Linear Flow (Constant pwf) A plot of vs. gives a straight lin
t and unique production optimization methodology is reported in the paper that permits the quantification of the well and reservoir in situ pr
model against analytical solutions under various conditions of heterogeneity and skin effect. Literature Review Blanc et al. (1999) applied a
) gas condensate reservoirs (Jones and Raghavan 1988) water flooding reservoirs (Abbaszadeh and Kamal 1989) and coal-bed-methane
ressure derivative. It isapplied to both drawdown and buildup tests. Several numerical examples are included to illustrate the step-by-step a
Note that this may not be true for wells in nonhomogeneous and heterogeneous formations and reservoirs. Nevertheless understanding the
nd permeability.ï¿½ Many times old information based on few scattered measurements is propagated to make important decisions.ï¿½ In ca
servoir simulation studies were then performed confirming previous results from the classical reservoir engineering analyses. This provided
es for evaluation of formation rock properties through well logging and the use of modern formation evaluation tools.ï¿½ These methods all
es for evaluation of formation rock properties through well logging and the use of modern formation evaluation tools.ï¿½ These methods all
e production history. If such an objective could be achieved with some success then as stated by Levitan the deconvolved response wou
m a cost vs. benefit stand point. Key performance indicators One of the most important and basic requirements in the Norwegian and inte
. The FBHT data also signals if a voidage change occurs from a location updip or downdip of the producer as increased support downdip o
ter that represents a ratio of viscous to capillary forces:[14 15]
D and p*) with transient data rather than doing the traditional deliverability calculation with four points. Then he uses these parameters to pr
neities and replacement and upgrading of equipment. The Abu Al Bukhoosh oil field is located 80 km offshore Abu Dhabi. It is a large NE-S
neities and replacement and upgrading of equipment. The Abu Al Bukhoosh oil field is located 80 km offshore Abu Dhabi. It is a large NE-S
gging up controls in separators Remote unmanned operations Lowering of risk associated with well testing in gas well operations through
rovide a more compact solution than the traditional separation approach. It is not surprising that the use of multiphase flowmeters has grow
complex as possible. Indeed the high energy gamma ray being already present for density measurement the addition of a second radionu
ering dynamic measurement itself is flawed due to this practice.
e reservoir on the scale of the grid block size. The authors recognized that well tests would not fully cover the full field model. Therefore th
number effects which represents the ratio of viscous to capillary forces. Such a region has been inferred from a number of experimental co
on can be estimated with single-phase pseudopressures (Al-Hussainy et al. 1966) and a two- or three-region radial composite well-test-inter
one well demonstrates the problem of asphaltene plugging in an obvious draw down. One full well test campaign was designed to find out
sure due to variable or step rate history such as that from the traditional DST into an equivalent constant bottom hole flowing pressure tran
Their study found that the use of long-term data requires special handling and interpretation techniques due to the instability of in-situ perm
a are the most uncertain the paper then includes a brief discussion of the transition zone and oil emplacement to understand the nature of
m under investigation. In this paper we describe a new technique for differentiating well test pressure data called the digital pressure deriva
istinctive feature of the works mentioned is that virtually all the techniques for well test data interpretation are based on the single-phase fl
atic way following a well-defined process. The outcome was a well test interpretation model which defined how much and what kind of kno
ular and tubing pressure controlled inflow to each zone (Fig. 2). The 21 centralizers acted as electrodes to form an electrode array that spa
ity and skin factor. A specific flow modulation device was developed to generate periodic bottomhole rate and pressure oscillations. This to
½ï¿½ Porosityï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï
d perforation interval and measuring interval as two points. He used the pressure drop data to estimate vertical permeability. As we will see
e measurements and generally yields a shifted results trend that has the correct slope but incorrect intercept in a semilog plot (incorrect skin
ved drawdown system response. However inclusion of the initial pressure in the list of deconvolution parameters often causes the algorithm
the principles of slug tests originally designed for testing water wells. Ferris and Knowles1 were the early investigators who tried to extract
low characteristics of a fluvial reservoir can be better understood by the integrated interpretation of well test pressure data in a geologically
low characteristics of a fluvial reservoir can be better understood by the integrated interpretation of well test pressure data in a geologically
e well related to the fact that most operators have been traditionally unaware that their water injectors are fractured. Only in recent years th
e Initial 8-hour flow period on 24/64 choke to perform flowing surveys and attempt to take a bottom hole sample followed by a 2.5-day initia
e Initial 8-hour flow period on 24/64 choke to perform flowing surveys and attempt to take a bottom hole sample followed by a 2.5-day initia
t of vs. gives a straight line with slope for the analytical solution. The slope of this plot can be used to calculate the value of . The equation
ell and reservoir in situ properties on a layer-by-layer zone-by-zone or frac stage-by-stage basis by evaluating the drawdown production p
anc et al. (1999) applied an unsteady-state radial flow equation for vertical wells known as transient well index to simulate pressure transie
9) and coal-bed-methane reservoirs (Kamal and Six 1991). Results from the previously mentioned studies have been helpful in providing a
ustrate the step-by-step application of the proposed technique. Introduction Over the last four decades naturally fractured reservoirs have
heless understanding the fundamental radial flow regime is essential to interpreting pressure transient testing and its radius of investigation
portant decisions.ï¿½ In case of production engineers the continuous degradation in inflow due to skin affects their return on investment.ï¿½
g analyses. This provided the basis to justify an important increase in the field volumes and recoveries and for the initiation of further studies
ls.ï¿½ These methods allow estimation of the short-term productivity of the well.ï¿½ However these techniques cannot confirm that the we
ls.ï¿½ These methods allow estimation of the short-term productivity of the well.ï¿½ However these techniques cannot confirm that the we
econvolved response would remove the constraints of conventional analysis techniques (Earlougher 1977; Bourdet 2002) that have been bu
n the Norwegian and international oil industry is to have control of the activities offshore to act on issues in a proactive manner and to cap
reased support downdip of a producer causes FBHT to increase while increased support updip of a producer (or from the opposite flank) ca
es these parameters to predict future deliverability by forward simulations with an analytic tool.
u Dhabi. It is a large NE-SW anticline affected by NW-SE trending faults which straddles the border between the United Arab Emirates and
u Dhabi. It is a large NE-SW anticline affected by NW-SE trending faults which straddles the border between the United Arab Emirates and
s well operations through elimination of active control systems and reduction of the volumes of pressurized hydrocarbons contained in the te
hase flowmeters has grown significantly the worldwide number doubling in little over a 2-year period (Mehdizadeh et al. 2002). Multiphase-
dition of a second radionuclide or an appropriate chemical source could provide the two energy levels required to do the fraction measurem
field model. Therefore they found it useful to calculate property multipliers around each well and then interpolate multipliers to untested are
number of experimental core studies at low interfacial tension and high flow rates (Henderson et al. 1998; Ali et al. 1997). The existence of t
l composite well-test-interpretation model (Chu and Shank 1993; Gringarten et al. 2000; Daungkaew et al. 2002) whereas the reservoir ab
was designed to find out the reason of pressure fluctuation through production.
hole flowing pressure transient rate. Along with the widely application of permanent down-hole gauge (PDG) currently in the oil industry de
instability of in-situ permanent data acquisition systems extremely large volume of data incomplete flow rate history caused by unmeasur
understand the nature of the uncertainties in relative permeability measurements and in particular measurements of the irreducible water
he digital pressure derivative technique (DPDT). The DPDT produces the most accurate and representative dp/dt curve by incorporating kn
ed on the single-phase flow theory. Here we present well testing procedures based on the creation of two-phase bidirectional fluid flows
much and what kind of knowledge could be extracted from the data. The interpretation model also determined which of the various publishe
an electrode array that spanned the 694-ft-long completion. Each electrode was connected to a single conductor that was linked to the surfa
essure oscillations. This tool can be combined with standard production logging tools and can be configured for both production and injectio
½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 0.29 p.u. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Permeabilityï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

rmeability. As we will see later the pressure drop is actually mainly affected by horizontal permeability.
semilog plot (incorrect skin factor). Johnston (1992) showed that "material balance deconvolution" is a practical approach for the analysis o
often causes the algorithm to fail. For this reason the authors do not recommend determination of initial pressure in the deconvolution proc
gators who tried to extract transmissibility to water from late-time data captured from slug tests by using a straight-line technique. Much later
ure data in a geologically coherent fashion.

ure data in a geologically coherent fashion.
d. Only in recent years this situation has started to change. Unfortunately one of the consequences of the lack of a dedicated method of an
ollowed by a 2.5-day initial build-up to get a first estimate of the reservoir pressure and key parameters Modified isochronal test: Three 8-ho
ollowed by a 2.5-day initial build-up to get a first estimate of the reservoir pressure and key parameters Modified isochronal test: Three 8-ho
e value of . The equation for this is shown in Table 1.

e drawdown production performance of the well in combination with direct physical measurements of layered reservoir flow rates and wellb
simulate pressure transients more accurately. They defined a well-block radius that varied with time and was different from the steady- and
been helpful in providing answers to production and reservoir engineering applications like wellbore conditions productivity indices and ave
fractured reservoirs have been a topic of continuous research due to the fact that many producing fields of the world are found in such typ
d its radius of investigation; i.e. how much reservoir volume if investigated for a given duration of a transient test? For exploration wells the
r return on investment.ï¿½ For operations engineers operating artificially lifted systems the main concern is to make sure that equipment is
initiation of further studies aiming to investigate alternate exploitation schemes to increase the final recovery further. Geology and Reservo
annot confirm that the well is connected to a sufficiently large volume and will be able to drain sufficient reserves.ï¿½ Well testing still rema
annot confirm that the well is connected to a sufficiently large volume and will be able to drain sufficient reserves.ï¿½ Well testing still rema
t 2002) that have been built around the idea of applying a special time transformation [e.g. the logarithmic multirate superposition time (Ag
active manner and to capture experience data. For the Onyx SW well the operator used their KPI system to the fullest in close cooperation
rom the opposite flank) causes FBHT to decrease. To explain our observations we propose that FBHT responds to the impact of pressure
United Arab Emirates and Iran. Currently on Total ABK field well testing of around 65 oil producers is performed on two test separators. T
United Arab Emirates and Iran. Currently on Total ABK field well testing of around 65 oil producers is performed on two test separators. T
arbons contained in the testing systems Permanent monitoring requirements More of these requirements for wet gas well testing have alr
h et al. 2002). Multiphase-flowmeter interpretation emphasizes the liquid rate measurement and the application of multiphase flowmeters ha
do the fraction measurement [Ref 2]. This leads to a compact and efficient solution.
multipliers to untested areas in the reservoir.
1997). The existence of the fourth region is important because it counters the reduction in productivity caused by liquid dropout. The vario
whereas the reservoir absolute permeability may be determined with two-phase steady-state pseudopressures (Raghavan et al. 1999; Xu a
ently in the oil industry deconvolution technique will be potentially a very useful tool to process transient data so both traditional well testin
tory caused by unmeasured and uncertain rate changes and dynamic changes in reservoir conditions and properties throughout the life of
s of the irreducible water saturation. From this a new avenue of research related to oil emplacement can be identified that if pursued may
curve by incorporating knowledge of both reservoir and gauge physics. It is efficient and straightforward to implement and may be used on
e bidirectional fluid flows in the vicinity of a well. As an example the following sequence of operations[10 11] is carried out for this purpose
ch of the various published analysis methods were applicable and when. Importantly the integrated methodology made well test analysis ea
hat was linked to the surface acquisition unit so that there was no requirement for downhole electronics. There were 7 electrodes in each zo
th production and injection wells in several casing/tubing sizes for both high and low flowrates. In commingled wells it can be sequentially d
½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 6 000 md ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï
pproach for the analysis of pressure transient data distorted by wellbore storage effects.ï¿½ In particular this approach remedies the issue
in the deconvolution process (von Schroeter et al. 2004). It becomes an input parameter and has to be evaluated through other means. Ou
line technique. Much later Cooper et al.2 and Ramey et al.3 developed complete type-curve analysis techniques for estimating reservoir pa
a dedicated method of analysis is that fall-off tests on injectors are generally interpreted in the wrong way even if one realises that they are
sochronal test: Three 8-hour flowing and shut-in periods followed by a 6-day extended flow period and a 14-day build-up Pressure Travers
sochronal test: Three 8-hour flowing and shut-in periods followed by a 6-day extended flow period and a 14-day build-up Pressure Travers
ervoir flow rates and wellbore flowing pressures. Methodology The completion and production optimization methodology reported here rel
erent from the steady- and unsteady-state definitions of the well-block radius proposed in the earlier studies by Peaceman (1977 1983) and
oductivity indices and average reservoir pressures.

orld are found in such type of formations. These reservoirs differ in geological and petrophysical properties from homogeneous reservoirs.
For exploration wells the reservoir volume investigated is one of the main objectives of running DST or production tests. Therefore how fa
ake sure that equipment is running efficiently and to avoid catastrophic failures.
er. Geology and Reservoir Description The Farragon reservoir lies in sands of Palaeocene age close to several existing fields: the mature
ï¿½ Well testing still remains the only method for direct evaluation of reservoir connectivity over large distances from the well. Developmen
ï¿½ Well testing still remains the only method for direct evaluation of reservoir connectivity over large distances from the well. Developmen
te superposition time (Agarwal 1980)] to the test pressure data so that the pressure behavior observed during individual flow periods would
llest in close cooperation and supported by the corresponding service company systems. The objectives set for the job were clear and con
to the impact of pressure changes. The principal result is a change in the producing GOR which in turn depends on the speed and magnitu
on two test separators. Total ABK wishes to improve the accuracy of testing its production wells by using a multi-phase flowmeter which wi
on two test separators. Total ABK wishes to improve the accuracy of testing its production wells by using a multi-phase flowmeter which wi
t gas well testing have already been presented in Theuveny et al [1]. The basics of the gas well testing with dual energy gamma â€“ ventur
multiphase flowmeters has been predominantly for liquid-rich flow stream allocation and well testing."
liquid dropout. The various mobility zones described above can be identified by well-test analysis using a variety of analytical and numerica
Raghavan et al. 1999; Xu and Lee 1999). In this paper we show that well-test analysis can provide additional parameters such as the gas r
both traditional well testing and decline curve analysis methods can be used not only for different data sets but also for the same data set t
ties throughout the life of the reservoir. Soliman et al. (2001) demonstrated the importance of using wavelet transform for well test analysis
ified that if pursued may lead ultimately to better reservoir-management models.
ment and may be used on either real-time or recorded data. No modifications to gauges or surface hardware are necessary. Furthermore e
arried out for this purpose.
made well test analysis easy to learn and repeatable. The evolution of the state-of-the art in well test analysis throughout these years can b
re 7 electrodes in each zone at a spacing of 20 ft. A schematic drawing of the electrode array mounted on the outside of insulated joint sec
lls it can be sequentially deployed above each producing zone to provide permeability and skin values for each layer. Field examples prov
½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Productivity Indexï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 100 â
oach remedies the issue of a poor skin factor estimate that is typically obtained using rate normalization.ï¿½ Material balance deconvolutio

Spe Papers - Well Testing

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Nov-09

Total No Papers Reservoir Engineering Related

Total number of papers published post 2005 10,000

35% of papers published categorised

CHEVRON SPE 110272 Well Testing Analysis - Fluivial Reservoir

CHEVRON SPE 105134 Well Testing Analysis - Horizontal Wells

CHEVRON SPE 113903 Well Testing Analysis - Multiphase

Imperial College SPE 94018 Well Testing PTA

CHEVRON SPE 112732 Well Testing Sand Prediction

Imperial College SPE 102079 Well Testing State of the Nation

Design and Interpretation

Pre Drill DST Prediction

A.K. Ambastha, SPE, and M. Anderson, SPE, Chevron Corp.; H. Gandhi,

regard to the amount of uncertainty associated with the value of SDP.OnePetro

ed and the comparative error associated with each technique.

ction during simulation.

operational conditions and ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½- ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½additional effects of convection heating.

ies ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Reservoir Depthï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï

½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 5 500 ft ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Initial Pressureï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

al Pressureï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 2 500 psi ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

um internal yield pressure of the affected casing) is reached.

¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Gas/Oil Ratioï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿

es multiwell deconvolution an extremely difficult problem.

ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 290 scf/bbl ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Porosityï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 0.29 p.u. ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Permeabilityï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½

ure data in a geologically coherent fashion.

e value of . The equation for this is shown in Table 1.

½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 6 000 md ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï

oductivity indices and average reservoir pressures.

ified that if pursued may lead ultimately to better reservoir-management models.

½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ Productivity Indexï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ï¿½ 100 â

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen