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CONTENTS INCLUDE:

JavaServer Faces 2.0


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JSF Overview
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Development Process
n
Lifecycle
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The JSF Expression Language
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JSF Core Tags
JSF HTML Tags and more...
By Cay Horstmann
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Button
JSF Overview
page.xhtml
<h:commandButton value=”press me” action=”#{bean1.login}”/>
JavaServer Faces (JSF) is the “official” component-based
view technology in the Java EE web tier. JSF includes a set
WEB-INF/classes/com/corejsf/SampleBean.java
of predefined UI components, an event-driven programming
@ManagedBean(name=”bean1”)
model, and the ability to add third-party components. JSF @SessionScoped
is designed to be extensible, easy to use, and toolable. This public class SampleBean {
public String login() {
refcard describes JSF 2.0. if (...) return “success”; else return “error”;
}
...
Development Process }

A developer specifies JSF components in JSF pages, The outcomes success and error can be mapped to pages in
combining JSF component tags with HTML and CSS for styling. faces-config.xml. if no mapping is specified, the page
Components are linked with managed beans—Java classes /success.xhtml or /error.xhtml is displayed.
that contain presentation logic and connect to business logic
and persistence backends. Radio Buttons
page.xhtml
servlet container
www.dzone.com

web application <h:selectOneRadio value=”#{form.condiment}>


client devices
<f:selectItems value=”#{form.items}”/>
</h:selectOneRadio>
presentation application logic business logic
navigation
validation
event handling
database WEB-INF/classes/com/corejsf/SampleBean.java
JSF Pages Managed Beans
public class SampleBean {
private static Map<String, Object> items;
web static {
JSF framework service
items = new LinkedHashMap<String, Object>();
items.put(“Cheese”, 1); // label, value
items.put(“Pickle”, 2);
...
In JSF 2.0, it is recommended that you use the facelets format }
public Map<String, Object> getItems() { return items; }
for your pages: public int getCondiment() { ... }
public void setCondiment(int value) { ... }
<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”UTF-8”?> ...
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN” }
“http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd”>
<html xmlns=”http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml”
xmlns:f=”http://java.sun.com/jsf/core”
xmlns:h=”http://java.sun.com/jsf/html”
xmlns:ui=”http://java.sun.com/jsf/facelets”>
<h:head>...</h:head>
<h:body>
JavaServer Faces 2.0

<h:form>
...
</h:form>
</h:body>
</html> JBoss Developer Studio 2.0
These common tasks give you a crash course into using JSF. • Build web apps using rich JSF components
• Choose from 120+ skinnable RichFaces
Text Field
components
page.xhtml
<h:inputText value=”#{bean1.luckyNumber}”>
• Includes Seam, Hibernate, Drools, JBoss
Portal and much more
WEB-INF/classes/com/corejsf/SampleBean.java
@ManagedBean(name=”bean1”)
For more on JBoss and JSF 2.0, goto
@SessionScoped
public class SampleBean {
jboss.org/jbossrichfaces/
public int getLuckyNumber() { ... }
public void setLuckyNumber(int value) { ... }
...
}

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2
JavaServer Faces 2.0

Validation and Conversion WEB-INF/classes/com/corejsf/SampleBean.java


Page-level validation and conversion: public class SampleBean {
private int idToDelete;
public void setIdToDelete(int value) { idToDelete = value; }
<h:inputText value=”#{bean1.amount}” required=”true”> public String deleteAction() {
<f:validateDoubleRange maximum=”1000”/> // delete the entry whose id is idToDelete
</h:inputText> return null;
}
<h:outputText value=”#{bean1.amount}”> public List<Entry> getEntries() { ... }
<f:convertNumber type=”currency”/> ...
</h:outputText> }

The number is displayed with currency symbol and group


separator: $1,000.00
Ajax 2.0
<h:commandButton value=”Update”>
Using the Bean Validation Framework (JSR 303) 2.0 <f:ajax execute=”input1 input2” render=”output1”/>
</h:commandButton>
public class SampleBean {
 @Max(1000) private BigDecimal amount;
}
lifecycle
Error Messages response complete response complete

request Restore Apply Request Process Process Process


View Values events Validations events

<h:outputText value=”Amount”/> render response


<h:inputText id=”amount” label=”Amount” value=”#{payment.amount}”/>
<h:message for=”amount”/> response complete response complete

Render Process Invoke Process Update


response
Resources and Styles Response events Application events
Model
Values

page.xhtml
conversion errors/render response
<h:outputStylesheet library=”css” name=”styles.css” target=”head”/>
validation or conversion errors/render response
...
<h:outputText value=”#{msgs.goodbye}!” styleClass=”greeting”>

faces-config.xml
The jsf expression language
<application>
<resource-bundle> An EL expression is a sequence of literal strings and
<base-name>com.corejsf.messages</base-name> expressions of the form base[expr1][expr2]... As in
<var>msgs</var>
</resource-bundle> JavaScript, you can write base.identifier instead of
</application>
base[‘identifier’] or base[“identifier”]. The base is one of
WEB-INF/classes/com/corejsf/messages.properties the names in the table below or a bean name.
goodbye=Goodbye header A Map of HTTP header parameters, containing only the first value
for each name

WEB-INF/classes/com/corejsf/messages_de.properties headerValues A Map of HTTP header parameters, yielding a String[] array of


all values for a given name
goodbye=Auf Wiedersehen
param A Map of HTTP request parameters, containing only the first
value for each name

resources/css/styles.css paramValues A Map of HTTP request parameters, yielding a String[] array of


all values for a given name
.greeting {
font-style: italic; cookie A Map of the cookie names and values of the current request
font-size: 1.5em;
color: #eee; initParam A Map of the initialization parameters of this web application
}
requestScope, A map of all attributes in the given scope
sessionScope,
Table with links applicationScope,
viewScope 2.0

facesContext The FacesContext instance of this request

view The UIViewRoot instance of this request

component 2.0 The current component

cc 2.0 The current composite component

resource 2.0 Use resource[‘library:name’] to access a resource


page.xhtml
<h:dataTable value=”#{bean1.entries}” var=”row” styleClass=”table” Value expression: a reference to a bean property or an entry in
rowClasses=”even,odd”>
<h:column> a map, list or array. Examples:
<f:facet name=”header”>
<h:outputText value=”Name”/>
</f:facet>
userBean.name calls getName or setName on the userBean object
<h:outputText value=”#{row.name}”/> pizza.choices[var] calls pizza.getChoices().get(var) or
</h:column>
<h:column> pizza.getChoices().put(var, ...)
<h:commandLink value=”Delete” action=”#{bean1.deleteAction}”
immediate=”true”> Method expression: a reference to a method and the object on
<f:setPropertyActionListener target=”#{bean1.idToDelete}”
value=”#{row.id}”/> which it is to be invoked. Example:
</h:commandLink>
</h:column> userBean.login calls the login method on the userBean object
</h:dataTable> when it is invoked. 2.0: Method expressions can contain

DZone, Inc. | www.dzone.com


3
JavaServer Faces 2.0

parameters: userBean.login(‘order page’) f:selectItem Specifies an item for a select one or select many component
- binding, id: Basic attributes
In JSF, EL expressions are enclosed in #{...} to indicate - itemDescription: Description used by tools only
- itemDisabled: false (default) to show the value
deferred evaluation. The expression is stored as a string and - itemLabel: Text shown by the item
evaluated when needed. In contrast, JSP uses immediate - itemValue: Item’s value, which is passed to the server as a
request parameter
evaluation, indicated by ${...} delimiters. - value: Value expression that points to a SelectItem instance
- escape: true (default) if special characters should be converted
2.0: EL expressions can contain JSTL functions to HTML entities
- noSelectionOption 2.0: true if this item is the “no selection
fn:contains(str, substr) fn:substringAfter(str, separator) option”
fn:containsIgnoreCase(str, substr) fn:substringBefore(str, separator)
fn:startsWith(str, substr) fn:replace(str, substr, f:selectItems Specifies items for a select one or select many component
fn:endsWith(str, substr) replacement) - value: Value expression that points to a SelectItem, an array
fn:length(str) fn:toLowerCase(str)
fn:indexOf(str) fn:toUpperCase(str) or Collection, or a Map mapping labels to values.
fn:join(strArray, separator) fn:trim() - var 2.0: Variable name used in value expressions when
fn:split(str, separator) fn:escapeXml() traversing an array or collection of non-SelectItem elements
fn:substring(str, start, pastEnd) - itemLabel 2.0, itemValue 2.0, itemDescription 2.0,
itemDisabled 2.0, itemLabelEscaped 2.0: Item label,
value, description, disabled and escaped flags for each item in
an array or collection of non-SelectItem elements. Use the
JSF Core Tags variable name defined in var.
- noSelectionOption 2.0: Value expression that yields the “no
selection option” item or string that equals the value of the “no
selection option” item
Tag Description/Attributes
f:ajax 2.0 Enables Ajax behavior
f:facet Adds a facet to a component - execute, render: Lists of component IDs for processing in the
- name: the name of this facet “execute” and “render” lifecycle phases
- event: JavaScript event that triggers behavior. Default: click
f:attribute Adds an attribute to a component for buttons and links, change for input components
- name, value: the name and value of the attribute to set - immediate: If true, generated events are broadcast during
“Apply Request Values” phase instead of “Invoke Application”
f:param Constructs a parameter child component
- listener: Method binding of type void (AjaxBehaviorEvent)
- name: An optional name for this parameter component.
- onevent, onerror: JavaScript handlers for events/errors
- value:The value stored in this component.
f:viewParam 2.0 Defines a “view parameter” that can be initialized with a request
f:actionListener Adds an action listener or value change listener to a component
parameter
f:valueChangeListener - type: The name of the listener class
-name, value: the name of the parameter to set
f:propertyAction Adds an action listener to a component that sets a bean property -binding, converter, id, required, value, validator,
Listener 1.2 to a given value valueChangeListener: basic attributes
- target: The bean property to set when the action event occurs
f:metadata 2.0 Holds view parameters. May hold other metadata in the future
- value: The value to set it to

f:phaseListener 1.2 Adds a phase listener to this page


- type: The name of the listener class
JSF HTML Tags
f:event 2.0 Adds a system event listener to a component
- name: One of preRenderComponent, postAddToView,
preValidate, postValidate
Tag Description
- listenter: A method expression of the type
void (ComponentSystemEvent) throws h:head 2.0,h:body 2.0, HTML head, body, form
AbortProcessingException h:form
f:converter Adds an arbitrary converter to a component h:outputStylesheet 2.0, Produces a style sheet
- convertedId: The ID of the converter h:outputScript 2.0 or script
f:convertDateTime Adds a datetime converter to a component h:inputText Single-line text input
- type: date (default), time, or both control.
- dateStyle, timeStyle: default, short, medium, long or full
- pattern: Formatting pattern, as defined in java.text. h:inputTextArea Multiline text input
SimpleDateFormat control.
- locale: Locale whose preferences are to be used for parsing
and formatting
- timeZone: Time zone to use for parsing and formatting h:inputSecret Password input control.
(Default: UTC)

f:convertNumber Adds a number converter to a component


h:inputHidden Hidden field
- type: number (default), currency , or percent h:outputLabel Label for another
- pattern: Formatting pattern, as defined in java.text. component for
DecimalFormat accessibility
- minIntegerDigits, maxIntegerDigits,
minFractionDigits, maxFractionDigits: Minimum, h:outputLink HTML anchor.
maximum number of digits in the integer and fractional part
- integerOnly: True if only the integer part is parsed (default:
false)
- groupingUsed: True if grouping separators are used (default: h:outputFormat Like outputText, but
true) formats compound
- locale: Locale whose preferences are to be used for parsing messages
and formatting
h:outputText Single-line text output.
- currencyCode: ISO 4217 currency code to use when
converting currency values h:commandButton, Button: submit, reset, or
- currencySymbol: Currency symbol to use when converting h:button 2.0 pushbutton.
currency values
h:commandLink, h:link 2.0 Link that acts like a register
f:validator Adds a validator to a component pushbutton.
- validatorID: The ID of the validator
h:message Displays the most recent
f:validateDoubleRange, Validates a double or long value, or the length of a string message for a component
f:validateLongRange, - minimum, maximum: the minimum and maximum of the valid
f:validateLength range h:messages Displays all messages
f:validateRequired 2.0 Sets the required attribute of the enclosing component h:grapicImage Displays an image

f:validateBean 2.0 Specify validation groups for the Bean Validation Framework
(JSR 303)
h:selectOneListbox Single-select listbox
f:loadBundle Loads a resource bundle, stores properties as a Map
- basename: the resource bundle name
- value: The name of the variable that is bound to the bundle map

DZone, Inc. | www.dzone.com


4
JavaServer Faces 2.0

h:selectOneMenu Single-select menu Attributes for h:outputText and h:outputFormat


Attribute Description
escape If set to true, escapes <, >, and &
characters. Default value is true

h:selectOneRadio Set of radio buttons binding, converter, id, rendered, Basic attributes
styleClass, value
style, title HTML 4.0
h:selectBooleanCheckbox Checkbox

h:selectManyCheckbox Set of checkboxes Attributes for h:outputLabel


Attribute Description
h:selectManyListbox Multiselect listbox
for The ID of the component to be labeled.
binding, converter, id, rendered, Basic attributes
value

h:selectManyMenu Multiselect menu

h:panelGrid HTML table


Attributes for h:graphicImage

h:panelGroup Two or more components Attribute Description


that are laid out as one library 2.0, name 2.0 The resource library (subdirectory of resources)
and file name (in that subdirectory)
h:dataTable A feature-rich table
component binding, id, rendered, value Basic attributes
h:column Column in a data table alt, dir, height, ismap, lang, HTML 4.0
longdesc, style, styleClass, title,
url, usemap, width
Basic Attributes
onblur, onchange, onclick, DHTML events
id Identifier for a component ondblclick, onfocus, onkeydown,
onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown,
binding Reference to the component that can be used in a backing bean onmousemove, onmouseout,
onmouseover, onmouseup
rendered A boolean; false suppresses rendering

value A component’s value, typically a value binding


Attributes for h:commandButton
valueVhangeListener A method expression of the type void (ValueChangeEvent)
and h:commandLink
converter, validator Converter or validator class name
Attribute Description
required A boolean; if true, requires a value to be entered in the
associated field action (command tags) Navigation outcome string or method expression
of type String ()

Attributes for h:body and h:form outcome 2.0 (non-command tags) Value expression yielding the navigation outcome

Attribute Description fragment 2.0 (non-command tags) Fragment to be appended to URL. Don’t include
the # separator
binding, id, rendered Basic attributes
actionListener Method expression of type void (ActionEvent)

dir, lang, style, styleClass, target, title HTML 4.0 attributes charset For h:commandLink only—The character
(acceptcharset corresponds encoding of the linked reference
h:form only: accept, acceptcharset, enctype to HTML accept-charset,
styleClass corresponds to image (button tags) For h:commandButton only—A context-relative
HTML class) path to an image displayed in a button. If you
specify this attribute, the HTML input’s type will
onclick, ondblclick, onkeydown, onkeypress, DHTML events be image
onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove, onmouseout,
onmouseover immediate A boolean. If false (the default), actions and
action listeners are invoked at the end of the
h:body only: onload, onunload request life cycle; if true, actions and action
listeners are invoked at the beginning of the
h:form only: onblur, onchange, onfocus, life cycle
onreset, onsubmit
type For h:commandButton: The type of the
generated input element: button, submit, or
Attributes forh:inputText , h:inputSecret , reset. The default, unless you specify the image
h:inputTextarea , and h:inputHidden attribute, is submit. For h:commandLink and
h:link: The content type of the linked resource; for
Attribute Description example, text/html, image/gif, or audio/basic

cols For h:inputTextarea only—number of columns value The label displayed by the button or link

immediate Process validation early in the life cycle binding, id, rendered Basic attributes

redisplay For h:inputSecret only—when true, the input field’s accesskey, dir, disabled HTML 4.0
value is redisplayed when the web page is reloaded (h:commandButton only), lang,
readonly, style, styleClass,
required Require input in the component when the form is tabindex, title
submitted
link tags only: charset, coords,
rows For h:inputTextarea only—number of rows hreflang, rel, rev, shape, target

binding, converter, id, rendered, Basic attributes onblur, onclick, ondblclick, DHTML events
required, value, validator, onfocus, onkeydown, onkeypress,
valueChangeListener onkeyup, onmousedown, onmousemove,
accesskey, alt, dir, HTML 4.0 pass-through attributes—alt, maxlength, onmouseout, onmouseover,
disabled, lang, maxlength, and size do not apply to h:inputTextarea. None onmouseup
readonly, size, style, apply to h:inputHidden
styleClasstabindex, title
onblur, onchange, onclick, DHTML events. None apply to h:inputHidden Attributes for h:outputLink
ondblclick, onfocus,
onkeydown, onkeypress, Attribute Description
onkeyup, onmousedown,
onmousemove, onmouseout, accesskey, binding, converter, id, lang, rendered, Basic attributes
onmouseover, onselect value

DZone, Inc. | www.dzone.com


5
JavaServer Faces 2.0

charset, coords, dir, hreflang, lang, rel, rev, shape, HTML 4.0 border Width of the table’s border
style, styleClass, tabindex, target, title, type
cellpadding Padding around table cells

cellspacing Spacing between table cells


onblur, onchange, onclick, ondblclick, onfocus, DHTML events
onkeydown, onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown, columns Number of columns in the table
onmousemove, onmouseout, onmouseover, onmouseup
frame frame Specification for sides of the frame surrounding
the table that are to be drawn; valid values: none,
Attributes for:h:selectBooleanCheckbox , above, below, hsides, vsides, lhs, rhs, box, border
h:selectManyCheckbox , h:selectOneRadio , headerClass, footerClass CSS class for the table header/footer
h:selectOneListbox , h:selectManyListbox , rowClasses, columnClasses Comma-separated list of CSS classes for rows/columns
h:selectOneMenu , h:selectManyMenu rules Specification for lines drawn between cells; valid values:
groups, rows, columns, all

summary Summary of the table’s purpose and structure used for


Attribute Description non-visual feedback such as speech

enabledClass, disabledClass CSS class for enabled/disabled elements— binding, id, rendered, value Basic attributes
h:selectOneRadio and h:selectManyCheckbox
only
dir, lang, style, styleClass, HTML 4.0
title, width
selectedClass 2.0, CSS class for selected/unselected elements—
onclick, ondblclick, DHTML events
unselectedClass 2.0 h:selectManyCheckbox only
onkeydown, onkeypress,
onkeyup, onmousedown,
onmousemove, onmouseout,
layout Specification for how elements are laid
onmouseover, onmouseup
out: lineDirection (horizontal) or
pageDirection (vertical)—h:selectOneRadio
and h:selectManyCheckbox only

collectionType 2.0 selectMany tags only: the name of a collection


Attributes for h:panelGroup
class such as java.util.TreeSet Attribute Description

binding, id, rendered Basic attributes


hideNoSelectionOption 2.0 Hide item marked as “no selection option”
style, styleClass HTML 4.0

binding, converter, id, immediate, Basic attributes Attributes for h:dataTable


required, rendered, validator, value,
valueChangeListener Attribute Description

accesskey, border, dir, disabled, HTML 4.0—border only for h:selectOneRadio bgcolor Background color for the table
lang, readonly, style, styleClass, and h:selectManyCheckbox, size only for
border Width of the table’s border
size, tabindex, title h:selectOneListbox and h:selectManyListbox.
cellpadding Padding around table cells
onblur, onchange, onclick, DHTML events
ondblclick, onfocus, onkeydown, cellspacing Spacing between table cells
onkeypress, onkeyup, onmousedown,
onmousemove, onmouseout, first index of the first row shown in the table
onmouseover, onmouseup, onselect
frame Specification for sides of the frame surrounding the table
should be drawn; valid values: none, above, below, hsides,
Attributes for h:message and h:messages vsides, lhs, rhs, box, border

headerClass, footerClass CSS class for the table header/footer

rowClasses, columnClasses comma-separated list of CSS classes for rows/columns

rules Specification for lines drawn between cells; valid values:


Attribute Description groups, rows, columns, all
for The ID of the component whose message is displayed— summary summary of the table’s purpose and structure used for
applicable only to h:message non-visual feedback such as speech
errorClass, fatalClass, CSS class applied to error/fatal/information/warning var The name of the variable created by the data table that
infoClass, warnClass messages represents the current item in the value
errorStyle, fatalStyle, CSS style applied to error/fatal/information/warning binding, id, rendered, Basic attributes
infoStyle, warnStyle messages value

globalOnly Instruction to display only global messages—h:messages dir, lang, style, HTML 4.0
only. Default: false styleClass, title, width

layout Specification for message layout: table or list— onclick, ondblclick, DHTML events
h:messages only onkeydown, onkeypress,
onkeyup, onmousedown,
showDetail A boolean that determines whether message details onmousemove, onmouseout,
are shown. Defaults are false for h:messages, true for onmouseover, onmouseup
h:message.

showSummary A boolean that determines whether message summaries


are shown. Defaults are true for h:messages, false for
h:message. Attributes for h:column
tooltip A boolean that determines whether message details Attribute Description
are rendered in a tooltip; the tooltip is only rendered if
showDetail and showSummary are true headerClass 1.2, CSS class for the column’s header/footer
footerClass 1.2
binding, id, rendered Basic attributes
binding, id, rendered Basic attributes
style, styleClass, title HTML 4.0

Facelets Tags 2.0


Attributes for h:panelGrid
Attribute Description
Attribute Description
ui:define Give a name to content for use in a template
bgcolor Background color for the table -name: the name of the content

DZone, Inc. | www.dzone.com


6
JavaServer Faces 2.0

ui:insert If a name is given, insert named content if defined or use the child ui:param Define a parameter to be used in an included file or template
elements otherwise. If no name is given, insert the content of the -name: parameter name
tag invoking the template -value: a value expression (can yield an arbitrary object)
-name: the name of the content
ui:repeat Repeats the enclosed elements
ui:composition Produces content from a template after processing child -value: a List, array, ResultSet, or object
elements (typically ui:define tags) Everything outside the -offset, step, size: starting intex, step size, ending
ui:composition tag is ignored index of the iteration
-template: the template file, relative to the current page -var: variable name to access the current element
-varStatus: variable name to access the iteration
ui:component Like ui:composition, but makes a JSF component status, with integer properties begin, end, index, step
-binding, id: basic attributes and Boolean properties even, odd, first, last

ui:decorate, Like ui:composition, ui:component, but does not ignore the ui:debug Shows debug info when CTRL+SHIFT+a key is pressed
ui:fragment content outside the tag -hotkey: the key to press (default d)
-rendered: true (default) to activate
ui:include Include plain XHTML, or a file with a ui:composition or
ui:component tag ui:remove Do not include the contents (useful for comments or temporarily
-src: the file to include, relative to the current page deactivating a part of a page)

A B O U T t h e Au t h o r REC O MMEN D E D B oo k
Cay S. Horstmann has written many books on C++, Core JavaServer Faces
Java and object-oriented development, is the series delves into all facets of
editor for Core Books at Prentice-Hall and a frequent
JSF development, offering
speaker at computer industry conferences. For four
years, Cay was VP and CTO of an Internet startup that systematic best practices for
went from 3 people in a tiny office to a public company. building robust applications
He is now a computer science professor at San Jose and maximizing developer
State University. He was elected Java Champion in 2005. productivity.

Cay Horstmann’s Java Blog-


http://weblogs.java.net/blog/cayhorstmann/
BUY NOW
Cay Horstmann’s Website- http://www.horstmann.com/ books.dzone.com/books/jsf

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