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1 What are tools and techniques of industrial engineering? Discuss organization structure of the 20
industrial engineering department.
Synoptic Answer Key
SN Key Marks
01 1. Method Study 4
2. Work Measurement
3. Motion Economy
4. Financial Incentives
5. Originations and Methods
02 Material Handling. 4
1. Cost Benefit Analysis
2. Value Analysis / Value Engineering
3. Capacity Planning
03 4. Production Planning and Control 4
5. Inventory I Stock Control
6. Network Planning
7. Ergonomics or, Human Engineering
8. Group Technology
9. System Analysis
10. Operation Research
04 Involves decisions, degree of centralization and the most suitable composition 4
of the internal structure. The status of the industrial engineering department
depends on the size of the company:
05 Explanation of ORGAIZATION STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING 4
DEPARTMENT with diagram
2 Define productivity and explain three basic ways to increase Productivity. What do you 20
understand from labour productivity?
Synoptic Answer Key
SN Key Marks
01 Productivity thus stands for the function of producing more and more of 4
everything with less and less consumption of resources, In fact, it refers to
the, relationship between output-goods and services produced-and input-
resources utilized in producing them.
Productivity = output / Input
02 Output basically represents achievement and is assured as goods and services 4
produced. Input represent resource consisting of three basic M's- are men,
machines and materials and other. resources such as capital, land, buildings,
utilities etc.
03 THREE BASIC WAYS TO INCREASE PRODUCTIVITY 4
Higher productivity can be achieved through one or more of the following,
three basic Ways:
-Keep input constant and increase output.
-Keep output constant and reduce input. Increase input marginally
04 Keep input 'constant and increase output or keep output constant and reduce 4
input. Typical examples are:
Higher productivity of labour can be realised by increasing availability of
effective man-hours (higher output) while keeping labour work force constant
(constant input).
05 Increase input marginally and realise much higher increase in output 4
Typical examples are:
• Replacement of an existing general purpose machine by a special purpose
machine (little increase in input) reduces manufacturing cycle time cuts
done WIP investment and reduces manufacturing cost per unit (much
higher increase in contribution).
• Expenditure incurred in training of workmen (little increase in input)
ensures higher skills of the workmen which in turn results in improved
efficiency and effectiveness (much higher increase in output)
3 Describe the various factors influencing materials planning and techniques of material planning. 20
Synoptic Answer Key
SN Key Marks
01 Materials planning is the scientific way of determining the requirements of' 4
raw materials, bought out part and other sand ensuring their availability in
the right quantities, at the right time within minimum capital lockup.
02 Lack of materials planning causes: 4
Ill-planned purchasing (i.e. over ordering or under ordering) of materials.
Over-ordering results In over investment and unproductive use of working
capital, 'shortage of storage facilities, deterioration and obsolescence of
stocks, etc. Under-ordering causes stakeouts to partial utilisation of facilities.
Leads to unwanted emergency orders which are usually proc cost.
03 FACTORS INFLUENCING MATERIALS PLANING 4
Two major factors which influence materials planning are:
1. The external factors, and
2. The internal factors.
04 The external factors (called macro factors in economic terminology) include: 4
(i) National Economy
(ii) Price Trends
(iii) Credit Policy
-explain in brief
The internal factors (also called micro factors) include:
(i) Corporate Objectives
(ii) Technology available
(iii) Market demand and supply
-explain in brief
6 Explain in detail time study procedure i.e the steps in time study. 05
Synoptic Answer Key
SN Key Marks
01 Time Study is the most widely used technique of work measurement. It was 2.5
originated by Taylor and supplemented by Bedaux who introduced present
day concept of rating.
02 TIME STUDY PROCEDURE 2.5
Basic steps in the time study procedure are:
(i) Select the task to be timed.
(ii) Standardize the method of working.
(iii) Select the operator to be studied.
(iv) Record necessary details of the job and condition of work.
(v) Break the task into elements.
(vi) Measure the duration of each element and assess the pace of working
(Rating)
(vii) Establish representative title of elements.
(viii) Extend observed time into norn1al (or basic) rime.
(ix) Assess relaxation and other allowances.
(x) Calculate standard time of the job.
7 Explain objectives of a scientific inventory control system. 05
Synoptic Answer Key
SN Key Marks
01 The objective of scientific inventory system is to strike an optimum balance 2.5
between the loss due to unavailability of an item and cost of carrying stocks
of the item. Scientific inventory control thus aims at maintaining optimum
stock of goods required by the company at minimise cost to the company.
02 a) Service to the customers 2.5
b) Continuity of productive operations
(d) Economy in buying
(e) Reduction of risk of loss
(f) Reduction of administrative work load
(g) Administrative simplicity