SEMESTER 1 CHAPTER 2
Communicating over the Network
V 4.0
2.0.1 What are the five aspects of
the information network we
will focus on in this course?
2.1.1 What are the three
elements of
communication?
What is the definition of the
term network for this
course?
2.1.2 What would happen to the
network if a message was
sent as one massive
continuous stream of bits?
Define segmentation of
messages
What are the 2 advantages
of segmentation?
What is multiplexing?
2.1.3 What is hardware on a
network?
2.1.4 What are end devices on a
network?
What is the definition of a
host?
What is the definition of a
server?
What is the definition of a
client?
2.1.5 List examples of
Devices, media, data, rules, tools
Sender, channel, receiver
Networks that carry data/messages
It would clog up the pathways, and if any one
device along the way were to fail the entire
message would be lost and need to be resent
in its entirety
Divide the message into smaller more
manageable pieces
Reliability and multiplexing
To send messages from multiple sources
along the same channels
Computers, VoIP phones, switches, routers,
cabling
computers, VoIP phones, webcams, PDAs
An end device
hosts with software allowing it to run services
and or provide info
Host with software allowing them to access
servers and display the data
Routers, switches, hubs, modems
 intermediary devices.

List examples of process Direct and redirect the flow of data, notify of
that intermediary devices the loss of data, regenerate data, permit data
perform. based on securities set

2.1.6 What are the 3 primary Metal cable, fiber optic, wireless (radio waves)
types of media used in
modern networks?

What criteria should be Distance, speeds and amounts of data

used to select network transmitted, location, cost
media?

2.2.1 What are the ways in which Size of area, number of users, and type of
network infrastructure can service
vary?

What is the definition of a Local area network

LAN?

2.2.2 What is the definition of a Wide area network

WAN?
2.2.3 What is an internetwork? A public network of networks

What is an intranetwork? A private network of networks

2.2.4. Define a NIC Network interface card

1

Define a physical port A physical outlet where you connect a device

via a type of media (e.g. cat5)

Define an interface A specialized physical port on a network

device used to connect to a network

2.3.1 What are the 3 layers of Physical, rules, content

protocols described?

2.3.2 What process do Rules on how to communicate a message.

networking layer protocol What type of message it is. What to do if there
suites describe? is an error and how to notify the other devices.
How to start and end message transfers.

What is proprietary? Means a company controls how the protocol

works and can lend them to other companies
2.3.3 What does the use of A set of rules that everyone can follow and
standards and protocols know their product will work successfully with
provide? other companies products

2.3.4 What is an application http

protocol?

What is a Transport tcp

Protocol?

What is the Internetwork ip

Protocol

What is the Network Access ethernet

Protocol?
2.3.5 What do networking
protocols describe? Things that happen during network
communication

2.4.1 What are the benefits of

using a layered model to Helps in the design and understanding of the
describe networking? network for multiple people/companies that
may be involved in setting up or adding to a
network

2.4.2 What are the two basic Protocol and reference

types of networking
models?

What are the two primary

models used when TCP/IP and OSI
describing networking?

2.4.3 What is done at the Encoding data to the user

Application Layer?

What is done at the Support of communication between devices

Transport Layer?

What is done at the Internet Determination of the best path for the data to
Layer? be sent

What is done at the Network Converts the data into 1s and 0s to be

Access Layer? physically transmitted across the network

2.4.4 What are the seven steps in 1. Creation of the data

a complete communication 2. Segmentation and encapsulation of the
 process? data
3. Conversion of the data onto the media
to be transmitted along
4. Transportation of the data
5. Reception of the data
6. Reassembly of the data
7. Transfer of the data to the application
layer for the end device/user

2.4.5 What is the PDU for the

application layer? data

What is the Transport Layer

PDU? segment

What is the PDU for the

Internet Layer? packet

What is the PDU for the frame

Network Access Layer?

What PDU is used when

physically transporting the Bits (1’s and 0’s)
information over the
medium?

2.4.6. How is the protocol stack

1 processed when sending It is encapsulated
information?

2.4.6. What is the process use at It is decapsulated

2 the receiving end called?

2.4.7 What are the seven layers Physical, data, network, transport, session,
of the OSI Model? presentation, application

2.4.8 Which Layers of the OSI Network and transport

Model parallel with the
TCP/IP Model?

2.5.1 What does the physical

layer do? Organizes bits

What addresses does the

data link layer use? Physical

What address does the Logical

network layer use?
 What does the transport
layer use? ports

What do the upper layers

use? Application data

2.5.2 What is the PDU for Layer 2

called frame

What is the layer 2 address

called? MAC

What happens after the

frame has reached its’ The layer 2 address is removed as the data is
destination? moved up the protocol stack

2.5.3 What are layer 3 devices

primarily designed for? Transport data across an internetwork

What address is used at

Layer 3? IP

What is the PDU of the

Layer 3 information? network

Which device decapsulates

the frame at the edge of a router
network?

What does a router do?

Decapsulates the frame to determines
destination and the best path for the data to
take to reach its destination and encapsulates
the data in a new frame

What happens when the

frame reaches the end The frame is removed and the data is moved
device? up to layer 4

2.5.4 What does the information

in the frame provide at Determines what services will handle the data
Layer 4? received

How is each application or

service represented at Port number
Layer 4?