01bukit Merah Lake Brief

Bukit Merah Lake Brief
22 -23rd Febuary 2010 NRE Putrajaya
BUKIT MERAH LAKE BRIEF

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKES AND THEIR
BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE USE :CURRENT STATUS OF
SELECTED LAKE IN MALAYSIA
DEWAN BAIDURI
WISMA SUMBER AIR
KEMENTERIAN SUMBER ASLI DAN ALAM SEKITAR
PUTRAJAYA
22 & 23 FEB 2010
PRESENTED BY
TN. HJ. HIDZRAMI BIN HJ. SHAMSUL ANWAR
DISTRICT ENGINEER
DEPARTMENT OF IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE, KERIAN
DID, KERIAN
CONTENT OF PRESENTATION
BUKIT MERAH LAKE BRIEF
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DESCRIPTION OF THE LAKE
3. MANAGEMENT OF THE LAKE AND ITS BASIN
4. MAJOR IMPACT STORIES OF THE LAKE
5. MAJOR LAKE BASIN GOVERNANCE ISSUES
6. KEY CHALLENGES TO LAKE GOVERNANCE
NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKES AND

THEIR BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE USE:CURRENT
STATUS OF SELECTED LAKES IN MALAYSIA 22-23
FEB 2010
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Located in Kerian District.

Northern Perak State, Adjacent to PLUS.
95km From Ipoh – 1 hr drive
60km From Penang – 45 min drive
Penang Airport
DID, KERIAN
FEB 2010
• Oldest Manmade Lake – Reservoir – 1906- RM 1.6m

DID, KERIAN
FEB 2010
Main Purpose Of The Bukit Merah
Lake/Reservoir
1.0 To provide irrigation water to
Kerian Irrigation Scheme - 23,560
hectares, for rice cultivation.
The largest granary area operated
and maintained by DID in Malaysia

DID, KERIAN STATUS OF SELECTED LAKES IN MALAYSIA 22-23
FEB 2010
2. To provide Domestic Water Supply for Kerian District

& Larut Matang District- estimated 200,000 people

DID, KERIAN THEIR BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE USE:CURRENT
FEB 2010
3. Known as Malaysia's premier

northern lakefront 4 star resort-
Bukit Merah Lake Town Resort
FEB 2010
DID, KERIAN
4. Known for the original sanctuary for the Arowana Malayan Gold
- the high quality fresh water fish in the world .
NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND

FEB 2010
DID, KERIAN
• The railway line have been constructed by Keretapi Tanah

Melayu Berhad across Bukit Merah Dam for 4 km length
No exact historical data

– lake or the train track .
NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKES
AND THEIR BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE
USE:CURRENT STATUS OF SELECTED LAKES
IN MALAYSIA 22-23 FEB 2010
DID, KERIAN
Bukit
BukitMerah
MerahLake
LakeBrief
Brief
22
22-23
-23rd Febuary
rd
Febuary2010
2010NRE
NREPutrajaya
Putrajaya
2.0 Description Of The Lake
Physical Parameters
Lake Volume km3=0.083

Watershed km2 =33 at WL =RL+8.5m =28.5ft
Lake Length and Width = 13.8km(L) 4.5km(W)
Length of shoreline (km)= 61 at WL+RL8.5m
Max Depth(m) = 5.3
Mean Depth(m) = 2.5
Lowest bed level(m) = RL +3.5
NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKES

AND THEIR BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE
USE:CURRENT STATUS OF SELECTED LAKES
DID, KERIAN
IN MALAYSIA 22-23 FEB 2010
Main Dam – Earth Embk
Saddle Dam 1
The main dam’s location near upstream

of the Kurau and Merah River’confluence
Main Canal
Intake and
Saddle Dam 2
Selinsing Canal
Bukit Merah Dam comprises a main dam, 2 saddle dams, a gated service spillway,
a gated auxiliary spillway and an intake structure
2. Description Of The Lake
Main Infrastructures
Main Dam – modified homogeneous earth filled embankment
• The dam was constructed in 1906 and its embankment was

raised from RL8.08m to RL 10.67m in the 2nd Malaysia Plan (1961
to 1965) and again in 1984 to its present level at RL11.28m.

FEB 2010
• Spillways
• To safely convey
discharge past the dam
without unacceptable
damage at RL +30.00 ft
South Spillway
(max discharge 15,000 ft3/s)
North Spillway
(max discharge 5,000 ft3/s)

FEB 2010
DID, KERIAN
The Intake Head Work Structure

FEB 2010
Downstream view of the intake structure that conveys irrigation and domestic
water supply to the main conveyances
NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND THEIR

BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE USE:CURRENT STATUS OF
SELECTED LAKES IN MALAYSIA 22-23 FEB 2010
DID, KERIAN
Bukit Merah Dam – gazzeted as National Security Area

As No Trespassing Zone

DID, KERIAN
Merah River Catchment =48km2
Ara River
Kurau River Catchment = 360km2
It is drained by an area of about

408sq.km, covered by two district,
Kerian District and Larut, Matang
and Selama District
Based on Malaysia Science University Research Study Team conducted in 2007 & 2008
has concluded the following the water balance parameters:-
Lake Volume = 83million m3 based on Bythemetric Survey conducted in 1998

Annual inflow = Total flow volume in a year(ave 2007 & 2008) from Kurau & Merah River
Annual outflow = Total discharge volume from the lake in a year( ave 2007 & 2008)
thru the intake structures and the spillways.
Theoretical Filling Time = Lake Volume/annual inflow

= 83mil m3/2758670m3/day = 30 days
Theoretical Flushing Time = Lake Volume/annual outflow

= 83mil m3/2498852m3/day = 33 days
Average Evaporation Rate = 163mm-177mm/month from the lake
The surface water temperature measured ranges between 27.48 C – 29.9 C

DID, KERIAN SELECTED LAKES IN MALAYSIA 22-23 FEB 2010
Based on 2008 USM’s studies the water balance inflow and outflow summarization can be tabulated as follows:-
Water Balance (Inflow & outflow ( monthly average- 2008)
Water Balance of BMR
800
700
600
500 Runoff(mm)
400 Rainfall (mm)
300 Evaporation (mm)
200
100
0
Nov
Jan
June
July
Feb
April
August
Sept
Oct
Mac
May
Dec
Retention Time
RETENTION TIME = Volume of lake / Outflow rate
RETENTION TIME = 83 million m3/2498851.9m3/day , (actual average supplied = 29m3/s /day)
= 33 Days
DID’s daily average Q discharge requirement to the irrigation area = 1000 ft3/s or
= 28 m3/s for 24,000hectares
Rainfall and water level Bukit Merah Reservoir,1998-2008

CLIMATE
300 10
9
250 8
water level (m)

Rainfall (mm)
200 7
6
150 5
4
100 3
50 2
1
0 0
4/1/1998
10/18/1998
5/6/1999
11/22/1999
6/9/2000
12/26/2000
7/14/2001
1/30/2002
8/18/2002
3/5/2003
9/21/2003
4/8/2004
10/25/2004
5/13/2005
11/29/2005
6/16/2006
1/2/2007
7/21/2007
2/6/2008
8/24/2008
Rainfall Water level
Levels recorded higher in the months of March-Mei and Oct – Nov correlates
with higher precipitation during these period
SEDIMENTATION based on USM’s

Merah River
2007 & 2008 studies
13.9ton/day
Deeper in the west

Shallower in the east
RL = 3.2m RL =8.5m Kurau River
122ton/day
Based on bathymetric
Survey conducted in
1964,1984 & 1998
Sedementation occupies 10-15%
Est’d annual load /yr = 49,600ton/yr of the lake’s volume
Biotic Data – studies by USM in 2007 & 2008

Total 119 phytoplanktons species were identified include 6 major divisions: -
Chlorophyta
Euglenophyta
Prrrhophyta
Chrysophyta
Cynophyta
Chloromonadophyta
Straurastrum sp(Chlorophyta) is the most dominated species in Bukit Merah

Lake

Biotic Data – Fish

There are over 34 species of fish inclusive crabs and prawns, based
on Fisheries Department
Among major ones are : Lampam(P.gonionotus)
Patin (Pangasius sutchi)
Sebarau (Hampala macrolepidota)
Jelawat(Leptobarbus hoevenii)
Kalui (Osphronemus goramy)
Keli (Clarias batrachus)
Temakang (M.nigriceps)
Tilapia Hitam(Oreochromis mossambicus)
Toman ( C.micropeltes)
Kelisa or Arowana (Scleropages fsciatus) species are among the most exotic fish
found in BML. The only natural habitat found in the world for the Malayan Gold sp
Numerous reports on crocodiles citing but none ever being caught in the net by the Fisheries
Authority to prove otherwise.
Management Of The Lake

3.0 Management Of The Lake And Its Basin
1. Irrigation
2. Drinking Water Withdrawal
3. Flood/Drought Control Facilites
4. Fisheries Facilities
5. Tourism Facilities

1.0 Irrigation Management
Parameters to consider
24,000 hectares of rice cultivation area to be irrigated

Over 10,000 farmers involved, supporting = 50,000
families members
Planting frequency = 2 times a year
No. of days to supply per season =100days/season
Average discharge requirement = 1000ft3/s = 28.3m3/s

Lake level to be maintained at RL+28.5ft(RL+8.6m) -85 % confidence level
Lowest level to supply to the irrigation areas, ceases at RL20ft = RL 6.1m
Average daily discharge required to maintain 1000 ft3/s =28m3/s

are being adjusted by these intake gates
KTMB’s track = +RL 33ft, spillway max storage level = RL 30.00ft
Railway track’s level= RL+33ft = RL+10m

2.0 Domestic Water Supply Management

BML is main source for raw water supply for domestic
water treatment plant - serve to Kerian and Larut Matang District
– 200,000 users
There are 2 WTP – 1 along Main Canal 50km downstream of
the lake
1along Selinsing Canal 10km downstream -
DID’s responsibility - maintain supply =60ft3/s & level in conveyances
GSL Water Treatment Plant at Gunong Semanggol taps at Selinsing

Canal which located 10 km downstream to Bukit Merah Lake.

DID, KERIAN
South Spillway
(max discharge 15,000 ft3/s) 3.0 Flood Control Management
Spillway structures are being used to

safely convey discharge of excess water
to Kurau River downstream without
unacceptable damage
Early release during monsoon to cater

high flow incoming from lake basin
View at the South Spilllway during

monsoon season when water from
reservoir have to discharge to
maintain the level below RL +30.0

Roads to villages upstream of the Bukit Merah Dam

will be flooded if the levels hits above RL +29.0ft.
Villages platform level above RL+35ft (RL+ 10.5m)
View of Selamat Village at level hits RL +29.7ft in Nov 2008

4.0 Drought Control Management
Had experienced severe drought Jun 2009 levels hit lowest ever recorded
at RL 20.3ft.
Manage to maintain supply by rotational irrigation –structures downstream

need to be adjusted and regulated
Manage to maintain domestic water supply without interrupting the

irrigation supply and schedule
No rice field area damaged – yield increased –due to long sun light
period – longer photosynthesis process.
View upstream of the BM Lake near Merah River Mouth

5.0 Tourism Management

Lake level – maintained min RL+24ft - support
navigation - BMLTR’s jetty to the Orangutan
Islands jetty. There are 23 indigenous
orangutans - 23 acres Islands – 11 adults + 12
youngs
Bukit Merah Lake Town Resort
Orangutan Island Jetty

BMLTR boat
Tourism Management Cont’d

Drought event in Jun 2009 had effected the tourism industry at
Bukit Merah Lake. Severe draw down to lake’ level had put
boating activities on hold for a month. Tour trip to the Orangutan
Islands had been disrupted.

6.0 Fisheries Lake Management
Malayan Gold
Arowana’s natural habitat

- Rasau Trees
Fisheries department- gazzeted lake

northern area near Merah River mouth -
Arowana Sanctuary- comply the
Western Countries’ pre condition to
support the Arowanas’ breeding industry.
Fisheries Lake Management Cont’d
During DID removal floating vegetation programmes – area has to

carefully selected and be sensitive with their habitats.
Arowana’s natural habitat

- Rasau Trees

Arowana Breeding Industries
Perak State’s Govt – Gazzeted -450 acres(180ha)

-Paddy land to be converted to Arowana’s Farming
-- near BML

Arowana Farming Gazzeted Area
6.0 Fisheries Lake Management-Cont’d
50 local fishermen – registered w State Fishery Department -operating - BML

Pekasam – Dried Pickled Fish Industry – mostly local consumption
Main species involved Local Banjar tribe Traditional Food
Ikan Sepat – Trichogaster, pectoralis

Lampam – P.eugrammus

4.0 MAJOR IMPACT STORIES
1.0 Threats from the floating vegetation growth

of hanguana malayana and water hycinth
Endangering the structure’s stablity

Estimated 40% of the watershed area – Northern/Eastern portion covered by floating and aquatic
vegetation – especially near both Merah and Kurau River Mouth
No detail studies have been carried out to determine the rate of water useage/area by these so
called aquatic plants but it is believed to have an impact to the lake’s storage capacity. – over 104
years of undisturbed growth
Fertilized from plantations fertilizer from the upper catchment

WATER SHED REDUCTION IN SIZE
believed to
vegetation growth
or sedimentation Kurau River
area
Bythemetric Survey 1968,1984,1998 Current Condition Of The Bukit Merah Lake
Location where aquatic believe to grow

Aquatic Vegetation Clearing
In the 90’s – clearing of aquatic

vegetation were being carried out
departmentally. Machine brought in
from U.S – productivity = 1 acre/month
or 0.4ha/month
Floating vegetation area covered over
= 4000 acres
Aquatic Vegetation Cutter &
Tug Boat
Aquatic Weeds Haverster
Excavator • Maintenance machineries

used to remove the floating
vegetation

DID, KERIAN
• Lately DID had out sourced the clearing work by open tender to
private contractors in phases
2006-2007 - Phase I : RM 7,289,400
2008-2009 Phase II : RM 5,521,500
• Scope of works : Removal of Floating Vegetation

(pokok bakong/gambut)
• Average clearing area for Phase I & Phase II : 700,000 sq.m
in 3 years

DID, KERIAN
2nd Major Impact Stories

Private Land Clearing –Replanting – surrounding and the lake basin
LAND AREA (SQ.KM) %

COVER
oil palm 48.3 12 Private

rubber 98.9 24 Ownership =36%
forest 196.9 48 Some have been

alienated
paddy 15.5 4
others 47.9 12
12% out of 36% belong to estates. Remaining 88% to private smallholders

Major land clearing

on private alienated
land adjacent to the
lake – one of DID
main challenges –
No legislatives nor
any environmental
Provision-can be
imposed to control
such practices.
Major Land Clearing For Replanting By

Privately Own Property
2nd Major Impact Stories – Major Land Clearing By Privately Own Property
Major private lands clearing adjacent to lake for replanting purposes which have
an impact to lake’s water quality and sedimentation problems.

2nd Major Impact Stories – Major Land Clearing By Privately Own Property
Private land clearing in the lake basin area
Agencies responsibility – replanting – RISDA-rubber

FELCRA – palm oil
Clearing of planted areas for replanting by estates or

smallholders in big scales caused increase surface run
off with siltation and degrading water quality
Views of Kurau Rivers 10km upstream of the lake
Siltation to Kurau River and water quality degradation that flows

down to Bukit Merah lake
Milky color
Bukit Merah siltation from upper

basin

Deforestation of Forest Reserves
forest reserve
4800hectares
1000ha cleared
Converted to animal breeding ground = 1000hectares

3rd Major Impact Stories

National Electrified Double Tracking
Project
One of few lakes in the world where a train
track running across the lake, caused the lake
to be separated to 2 parts, only connected by
a bridge about 20 meters span length
No navigation can pass

underneath
Existing track imposed constraint to

raise the lake level =RL+33 ft
Existing Sinaran Pagi Express KL /Butterworth

Water can only flow thru the small bridge,
imposed threats when floating vegetation
stuck underneath the bridge - spillways are
under operation

National Double Tracking Project
South spillway upstream view

Max spill level RL+30.00ft
To ensure safety to the track, max spillway level is set =RL+30.00ft

Normal level stored for 85% confidence level to irrigation supply = RL+28.5ft
caused limitation to flood buffer storage (1.5 ft buffer)
South Spillway –downstream view

BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE
NATIONAL SEMINAR ONUSE:CURRENT STATUS
MANAGING LAKE OF THEIR
S AND
DID, KERIAN SELECTED LAKES
BASIN FOR IN MALAYSIA
SUSTAINABLE 22-23 FEB 2010
USE:CURRENT STATUS OF

National Electrified Double Tracking Project (NEDTP)
Despite the problems faced by the existing track’s alignment, the train’s
authority still proceed with new NEDTP’s alignment following at the side of
the existing track


National Electrified Double Tracking Project NEDTP)
Construction of the NEDTP is still under way – to be completed in 2013
4km of viaduct above the lake’s

watershed
Under the NEDTP, level is raised to another 2 m-, DID plan to raise lake level in future planning.
RM100m(USD 31m) budget bid for 10th Malaysia Plan for the upgrading of Bukit Merah Dam . New
double track build on concrete viaduct to promote free flow of water underneath


But in order to promote the free flow underneath the viaduct the existing track
has to be removed which the KTMB’s consortium didn’t budget for in their initial
tender. It is estimated another USD 1m required for the removal cost.
Discussions still underway on who and how the removal of these tracks need
to be carried out.


National Electrified Double Tracking Project NEDTP
Construction problems and environmental issues concerned DID
Levels of lake needs to maintain above RL +28 ft in order for

the pilling pontoon to float
Water quality degradation became concerned as the turbidity increased near the
construction’ site


Since level RL+28 is difficult to maintain at all times,

NEDTPs’ contractors decided to excavate trenches along
the existing track for the pontoons to float – causing an
increase to lake’s turbidity water index.


Other than turbidity water quality index raising concerned, oil spill problems from
the pilling pontoons occasionally monitored in the lake, imposed certain threats
to the domestic and irrigation water supply downstream.


Backfilling inside the lake for casting yard and storage for
constructions materials
About 5 hectares of backfilling inside the lake were approved by the government
in order for the NEDTP’s contractor to have working space for the project

Control Measures Taken
Silt Curtain Control Measures
Booms to control and captures oil spill residue

Silt curtain and floating booms
are imposed to control/separate
the turbidity flow as well as the
oil spill near the construction site
No major undesired incident monitored yet

4th Major Impact Stories
Sand Mining Operators
Due to the NEDTP project- pressures

on sand applications requests for in
the lake as well as along the
Kurau River
The state government has

approved 7 operators to extract
sand along the Kurau River but
only two are actually operating
due access problems.

Sand mining operation area

near the Kurau River mouth
Based on studies – river mouth

area - most deposited

Since the location of the operation is too close to the lake , same environmental
control requirements are imposed to the sand operators such as installation of
silt curtain and oil residue traps within the operation vicinity. Occasional checkings
on the leakages along the curtain traps are done from time to time by both
parties(DID and sand operators)

Issues on violation of permit condition
Violation - improper practiced of using machinery in sand extraction

- distance of stock pilling from the river bank
- submission of repairing deposits
Using drageline instead of pumps Too close to river bank
Kurau River Sand Extraction

violation Stockpilling violation
5th Major Impact Stories Bukit Merah Lake Town Resort
100 acres inside the lake

for water chalets development
Perak State Gov – decided to alienate 1670 acres of government land and another
100 acres inside the lake to MK Land Properties developer to develop BMLTR
in the 90s’

Hotels and Water Theme Park Resort Homes
Mix development – 4 star hotels, chalets, residential, resort

homes, higher learning institution, water theme parks – by
conversion from government land status to building and
residential area increase state land revenue from the land tax
collection and at same time promotes state tourism industry
Water cruises
Water Chalets


Initial stage – DID & Water Works Department- opposed on the project- concerned on the
environmental effect. State Government persistent to go ahead with the approval
– DID and Water Works Department to set conditions
Initial condition - no development within 100m buffer from the watershed @RL+28.5ft
to safe guard the riparian zones and filter layer
Levels of development must be above RL+35ft to cater future storage.
MK Land rejected the proposals and threatened to withdraw the projects
State government overuled DIDs’ conditions and gave greenlight to MK Land

to proceed

No buffer of development allowed by MK Land for upgrading purposes and some

of the levels of development are below RL+35ft which imposed constraint for
future upgrading of the Bukit Merah Lake level.

4 ft
RL+28.5ft
Water Chalets soffit level are below RL +35ft- will cause

constraint for future upgrading Bukit Merah Lake level

5.0 Major Lake Basin Governance Issues

5.1 Institution
5.1.1 Current Lake Basin Management Institution

Two separate and independent district managements – Kerian District
& Larut Matang District - no joint committee currently to discuss mutual
interest in lake basin management issues
Land matters – can be under jurisdiction of Land Office

or Forestry Department to enforce
Legally - both can alienate lands without consulting technical department

- can also approve any development project– state interest
Other main development agencies involved –
RISDA – Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority-Rubber
FELCRA – Federal Land Consolidation And Rehabilitation Authority – P.Oil
DID has no authorities on the lake/ & the basin but given responsibilities
for lake/river maintenance and operation


5.2 Policies
Apparently no specific national nor regional policies – addressing lake basin

management
Perak State Govt – under Rural And Urban Planning Department (RAUPD)
produced – Structure Planning Doc for each district – development anticipation
to follow from 2001 to 2020- in line with Nation Vision 2020 and fullfilled State objectives
to become a developed state by the year of 2015.
It spells out – action plans to be taken, implementation based on district and zoning
limits, mechanism of implementation and monitoring of the district structure planning's,.
In preparing this docs, 5 basic considerations have been considered to form up the
guidelines. They are
1. National Physical Planning Skeleton
2. Development zoning
3. Physical situations, land use for the environmental conservation purposes
4. Strategic development centre and corridor
5. State transportation and communication networking

5.2 Policies-Cont’d
On top of that the development working structure and state land used controlled
development have covered and touched six(6) focus areas till the year 2020 of
Planning strategies.They are:-
1.0 Settlement hierarchy

2.0 Urban concentration development area
3.0 Controlled development area – concerned on the environmental impact
4.0 Conservation and sustainable areas
5.0 Main transportation and communication system
6.0 Public utility and infrastructure networking

Final Product of State Govt Planning til 2020
BML
Rice field = maintained as food security purposes
Agricultural land inclusive semi settlement area

- Still remains largest area
Controlled Development in Highland Area Above 150m BML Basin Area
Forest Reserve Area
Secondary Urban Development Area

5.3 STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION
Main target groups focus
1.0 JKKK – Village Action And Security Committee – one of most powerful
level of local participation = headed by village head(appointed by the state
highest representative political ruling party and co chaired
with Penghulus or Chieftains, a District Office representative
2.0 RISDA Smallholders Association –responsible for rubber replanting
3.0 FELCRA Smallholders Association – palm oil replanting
4.0 PPK – Local Farmers Organization = Community Based Organization(CBO)
5.0 Persatuan Nelayan – Fishermen Organization – can be refferred to.


5.4 Knowledge and information
Knowledge and information on related acts, legislatives and guidelines which can be
regulated and related to lake basin management:-
1) Irrigation Areas Act 1953(1989)
2) Drainage Works Act 1954(1988)
3) Third National Agricultural Policy(1998-2010)
4) National Land Code 1965 and Waters
5) Water Act 1920 (Cap 146)(1989)
6. Local Government Act (1976) Peninsular
7. Earthwork Bylaw, Street Drainage And Building Act 1974 (1994)
8. Town and Country Planning Act 1976
9. Environmental Quality Act 1874 (1985)
10. Environmental Quality Regulations (Prescribed premises, Sewerage and Industrial
Effluent); Crude Palm Oil (1977), Sewerage And Industrial Effluent (1979) etc
11. Environmental Quality Order 1987(Environmental Impact Assessment – Prescribed Activities)
12. Land Conservation Act 1960
13. National Forestry Act 1984 (Forestry Rules 1986)
14. Mining Enactment 1936
15. Fisheries Act 1963(1985)/ Inland Fisheries Act
16. MASMA – URBAN STORM MANAGEMENT MANUAL


5.4 Knowledge and information –Cont’d
17. Guidelines on processing on application of gas pipelines crossings at rivers,

drains and canals
18. Guidelines on processing on applications and conditions of rivers sand extraction
19. Guidelines river corridors development
20. Guidelines on development on river reserves or involving rivers

5.5 Technological Opportunities And Limitations
5.5.1 MASMA
DID had implemented MASMA – URBAN STORM MANAGEMENT MANUAL
implemented since 2001- approved by Prime Minister’s Cabinet
12% of the lake basin catchment – small urban development – MASMA can be
implemented – environmental friendly drainage design – control at source
5.5.2 ESCP – Erosion and Sedimentation Control Plan
Also applies under MASMA requirement for urban development.
5.5.3 Sand Mining Guidelines

Present guideline – under DID revision – USM’s River Engineering Division –
carrying studies – choose Kurau River as one of the case studies.
Limitations – can’t be applied to private land on land clearing for
replanting – not even any under DOEs legislations.

5.6 Sustainable Finance
No specific funding to lake basin management

Sustainable Collection/Return to State
Main revenue collected – land tax and Quit Rents - local town council area –
Pondok Tanjung Town & Batu Kurau Town. BMLTR – supposed to be the higest
land tax and quit rent payer to state in the region.
Sand mining dockets- increase collection as more sand can be extracted
Sustainable Development Grant
Rubber plantation- smallholder – land converted to rubber – able to get replanting grant
from RISDA – RM2500/acre -
Palm Oil replanting – land converted to palm oil – FELCRA – assist loan financing –
Deduction in stages – small sum - in yearly dividends to the smallholders.
BM Lake basin area- covers > 40% by rubber and palm oil –projected by 2020
6.0 Key Lake Basin Governance Challenges
6.1 Developing Organization For Action
Forming Committees to develop organization for actions
1. District Action Committee – main district committee

2. One Stop Centre Committee
3. Zero Target Squatters Committee
4. Poverty Eradication Committee
5. Double Electrified Tracking Train Project Committee
6. Hardcore Poor Housing Programmes Committee
7. Focus Group Committee
8. State River Committee
9. Bukit Merah Development Committee

6.1 Developing Organization For Action – Cont’d
6.1.1 District Action Committee – highest level of committee meeting at a district

level recognized by the state authority – attended by head department of district
Government department and chaired by the District Officer acting as liaison officer
= meet once a month
6.1.2 One Stop Center Committee – each district has its own OSC Committee –
processing all development applications submitted by private developer to
develop an agricultural land to be converted to building purposes = MASMA
applies here.- only relevant technical department attending this OSC meetings –
DID, PWD, Fire and Rescue Department, Water Works, Town and Rural Planning
Department, Department of Environment. This committee was formed under the
Ministry Of Housing and Local Government

6.1 Developing Organization For Action – Cont’d
6.1.3 Double Electrified Track Train Project Committee = monitor the project
progress and assists the consortium to avoid delays and negative impact to the
environment by giving comments and suggestions to the consortium
6.1.4 Poverty Eradication Committee, Hardcore Poor Housing Committee,

Zero Squatters Committee and Focus Group Committee –
Focus on development of poor disadvantaged group of people living in the district
as well as in the lake basin by resettlement programmes and other means of
proposals. Changed the lively hood of the people living near the lake or rivers
especially those living in squatters areas.
Housing programmes for these disadvantaged group need to be address proper
since limitation on the funding available – won’t compromise - environmental
minimum guidelines.

6.2 Identifying Effective Actions
State Level – State River Committee has been formed – for a start
Chaired by an Executive State Councilor – politically appt
Committee – DID as secretariat

Members - DOE, Forestry Department, Land And Mining Department,
Geoscience and Mineral Department
Purpose :
For a start to monitor and produce guidelines to river corridor development inline
with the state policies. To liaison powers and jurisdiction among enforcement
technical agencies on the authority and distribution of work task in river / lake basin
management. e.g – Rivers in Forest Reserve – jurisdiction of rivers and catchment
in the Forest Reserve under the forestry department, but they don’t have the
enough allocations and technical input for river improvement works.

6.2 Identifying Effective Actions – Cont’d
To promote the implementation of MASMA and ESCP technology in urban development

project..
A task force on Ops Lumpur or Anti Siltation Flash Floods Ops – papers
drafted by this committee to present in the State Govt EXCO Meeting-highest level
of state approval authority – final draft preparation
State issued guidelines – district levels to form River Sand Extraction Permit Committee
Purpose – to process river sand permit by a committee – no longer by an individual

Land Office Officer – avoid misuse of powers and jurisdiction among the approving
officers- promote transparency among the agencies and public knowledge based

6.2 Identifying Effective Actions – Cont’d
Bukit Merah Development Committee: formed by state – govt serious to develop

by private enterprise funding
Chairperson: State Secretary
Secretariate: UPEN – State Planning Economy Unit
Members : State DID representative
District and Land Office representative
Local Town Council
State Urban and Town Planning representative
BMLTR – big investment project- US 1 billion – 20 years – agreement -

areas to be developed – 1670 acres – converted to tourism, industry and residential
DID, KERIAN BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE USE:CURRENT STATUS OF
6.3 Involving People And Stakeholders
Minutes of Village Security Action Committee meetings to be circulated to relevant

Govt departments as references.- over 70 villages- not possible to attend all
Penghulus or the chieftains may bring matters pertaining complaints and grouses
from these VSAC to the DAC meetings if necessary
Govt officer may attend the VSAC if being invited to clarify certain issues or to
inform new procedures or regulations to be implemented in the basin which may
involve them directly or indirectly.
Related govt officials – can attend or invite – RISDA or FELCRA smallholders or the
officers concerned to discuss the concerned environmental issues which relate to
their actions if necessary – esp focus on replanting issues
6.4 Informing the process – Scientific Info
University Science Of Malaysia Research Officers – assisted by DID’s personals-

gathering some scientific data of the BML
– evaporation, chemicals, water balance studies – able to improve operation pros
DID had carried out Bythemetric survey – 1968, 1984 & 1998
– USM’s assisted on analysis of comparison made
– siltation status – 10%-15% of the lake’s total volume
-watershed area – before DID quoted – 48km2 –actually only 33km2
- vegetation cover analysis – 40%-45% of the watershed area.
Able to plan for future improvement of the storage capacity – knowing present
limitation and capacity – able to improve present operation prosedures

6.4 Informing the process – Scientific Info –Cont’d
Health Department carry out sample test on water quality of

the lake periodically – to advice – WTP operators on
chlorine treatment

6.5 Responding With Technology
Due to limitation of area of development and funding – lake basin – upper catchment -
MASMA/ESCP – not widely accepted – govt projects but widely applied to privates.
Resettlement housing programmes for the hardcore poor- poor respond to MASMA
Sand mining guidelines – violations to the guidelines – sand operators
Violation - improper practiced of using machinery in sand extraction

- distance of stock pilling from the river bank
- submission of repairing deposits
Lack of enforcement will – conducted by different agencies – not DID –
Sand operators – prominent figures – royal/political influence

6.6 Mobilizing Sustainable Financing
As for the Pulau Orangutan development and maintenance program – financed

By Yayasan MK LAND
BMLTR development – once completed should generate revenue to state at least

RM6m/year = USD 2m/year
Unfortunately after 15 years since launched only 20% of the alienated area –developed
overdue tax collection =RM 6m.

DID, KERIAN BASIN FOR SUSTAINABLE USE:CURRENT STATUS OF
6.6 Mobilizing Sustainable Financing – Cont’d
Replanting Sustainable Control Financing

Replanting agencies – RISDA & Felcra – both responsible financing – replanting
smallholders development – received Govt grant for implementation
Need a better & effective collaboration amongst these implementation agencies-

to be more sensitive towards environmental issues- esp involves 2 districts with
separate management
Maybe then a collaborative and sustainable financing resources can be established in

order to sustain and conserve the lake basin environmental resources for the better future
THANK YOU
For Your Attention

01bukit Merah Lake Brief

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Bukit Merah Lake Brief

22 -23rd Febuary 2010 NRE Putrajaya

BUKIT MERAH LAKE BRIEF

22 & 23 FEB 2010

BUKIT MERAH LAKE BRIEF

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKES AND

Located in Kerian District.

• Oldest Manmade Lake – Reservoir – 1906- RM 1.6m

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKES AND

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKES AND

2. To provide Domestic Water Supply for Kerian District

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKES AND

3. Known as Malaysia's premier

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND

• The railway line have been constructed by Keretapi Tanah

No exact historical data

2.0 Description Of The Lake

Lake Volume km3=0.083

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKES

Main Dam – Earth Embk

The main dam’s location near upstream

• The dam was constructed in 1906 and its embankment was

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND

The Intake Head Work Structure

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND THEIR

Bukit Merah Dam – gazzeted as National Security Area

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND THEIR

Merah River Catchment =48km2

Kurau River Catchment = 360km2

It is drained by an area of about

Lake Volume = 83million m3 based on Bythemetric Survey conducted in 1998

Theoretical Filling Time = Lake Volume/annual inflow

Theoretical Flushing Time = Lake Volume/annual outflow

Average Evaporation Rate = 163mm-177mm/month from the lake

The surface water temperature measured ranges between 27.48 C – 29.9 C

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND THEIR

Water Balance of BMR

Rainfall and water level Bukit Merah Reservoir,1998-2008

water level (m)

SEDIMENTATION based on USM’s

Deeper in the west

Biotic Data – studies by USM in 2007 & 2008

Straurastrum sp(Chlorophyta) is the most dominated species in Bukit Merah

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND THEIR

Biotic Data – Fish

Management Of The Lake

2. Drinking Water Withdrawal

3. Flood/Drought Control Facilites

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND THEIR

1.0 Irrigation Management

24,000 hectares of rice cultivation area to be irrigated

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND THEIR

Lake level to be maintained at RL+28.5ft(RL+8.6m) -85 % confidence level

Lowest level to supply to the irrigation areas, ceases at RL20ft = RL 6.1m

Average daily discharge required to maintain 1000 ft3/s =28m3/s

KTMB’s track = +RL 33ft, spillway max storage level = RL 30.00ft

Railway track’s level= RL+33ft = RL+10m

NATIONAL SEMINAR ON MANAGING LAKE S AND THEIR

2.0 Domestic Water Supply Management

1along Selinsing Canal 10km downstream -

DID’s responsibility - maintain supply =60ft3/s & level in conveyances