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Understanding stub zones
A stub zone is a copy of a zone that contains only those resource records necess
ary to identify the authoritative Domain Name System (DNS) servers for that zone
. A stub zone is used to resolve names between separate DNS namespaces. This typ
e of resolution may be necessary when a corporate merger requires that the DNS s
ervers for two separate DNS namespaces resolve names for clients in both namespa
ces.
A stub zone consists of:
The start of authority (SOA) resource record, name server (NS) resource records,
and the glue A resource records for the delegated zone.
The IP address of one or more master servers that can be used to update the stub
zone.
The master servers for a stub zone are one or more DNS servers authoritative for
the child zone, usually the DNS server hosting the primary zone for the delegat
ed domain name.
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Primary zone: Creates a copy of a zone that can be updated directly on this serv
er. This zone information is stored in a .dns text file.
Secondary zone: A standard secondary zone copies all of the information from its
master DNS server. A master DNS server can be an Active Directory, primary, or
secondary zone that is configured for zone transfers. Note that you cannot modif
y the zone data on a secondary DNS server. All of its data is copied from its ma
ster DNS server.
Stub zone: A Stub zone contains only those resource records that are necessary t
o identify the authoritative DNS servers for that zone. Those resource records i
nclude Name Server (NS), Start of Authority (SOA), and possibly glue Host (A) re
cords.
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A DNS server can resolve two basic requests: a forward lookup and a reverse look
up.
A forward lookup resolves a host name to an IP address with an "A" or Host Resou
rce record. A reverse lookup resolves an IP address to a host name with a PTR or
Pointer Resource record. If you have your reverse DNS zones configured, you can
automatically create associated reverse records when you create your original f
orward record.
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How to Configure Forwarders
This feature forwards DNS requests to external servers. If a DNS server cannot f
ind a resource record in its zones, it can send the request to another DNS serve
r for additional attempts at resolution. A common scenario might be to configure
forwarders to your ISP's DNS servers.
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How to Configure Root Hints
The Root Hints resource records can be stored in either Active Directory or in a
text file (%SystemRoot%\System32\DNS\Cache.dns). Windows uses the standard Inte
rnic root server. Also, when a server running Windows Server 2003 queries a root
 server, it updates itself with the most recent list of root servers.
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How to Configure DNS Behind a Firewall
Proxy and Network Address Translation (NAT) devices can restrict access to ports
. DNS uses UDP port 53 and TCP port 53. The DNS Service Management console also
uses RPC. RPC uses port 135. These are potential issues that may occur when you
configure DNS and firewalls.
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