GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005

NAME: __________________________________________
1) A GIS data model using an array of cells to c) A zone around a point, line, or area feature
store spatial data is termed: that is assumed to be spatially related to the
a) Topology feature
b) Vector d) The process of moving from one map scale
c) Object to a smaller (less detailed) scale, changing
d) Raster the form of features by simplification, etc.
e) None of the above e) None of the above

2) Metadata 6) A view that shows the records of objects and

a) Usually includes map projection, scale, data attributes is called a:
types and origin, resolution and accuracy. a) catalog view
b) A system with an origin, distance metric, b) scatterplot view
and axes used to locate a position in two- or c) map view
three -dimensional space. d) table view
c) A visual expression on a map of the e) None of the above.
relationship of distance on the ground and
length on the map 7) Raster data models are associated with
d) A set of methods whose results change a) Objects
when the locations of the objects being b) Fields
analyzed change c) Continuous data
e) None of the above d) B & C
e) A & B
3) The advantages of using a database approach to
storing geographic data include: 8) Virtually all large GIS use DBMS because
a) Reducing redundancy a) The spatial analysis capabilities of DBMS
b) Allowing multiple users are so advanced
c) Maintaining security b) The sophisticated cartographic display
d) Sharing data features
e) All of the above c) DBMS provide controlled access to data for
f) None of the above create, update, delete functions.
d) DBMS restricts users to one at a time
4) The disadvantages of using a database approach e) All of the above
to storing geographic data include: f) None of the above
a) Reduced redundancy
b) Single user performance often decreased in 9) “A set of tables, each a two-dimensional list
comparison with simple files (array) of unique records containing attributes”
c) Initial acquisition cost may be high a) Relational database management system
d) Sharing data is facilitated b) Object database management system
e) A and B c) Object-relational database management
f) B and C system
g) None of the above d) All of the above
e) None of the above
5) The best definition of map generalization is
a) Placing two or more thematic maps in 10) In a database table:
precise registration with the same scale, a) Rows contain individual objects or features
projections and extent b) Columns contain individual objects or
b) Revisiting existing data to explore for new features
relationships using new and more powerful c) Rows may be designated as keys to join
tools for analysis and display. tables together.
d) All data stored at individual row, column
intersections are referred to as foreign keys.

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GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005
NAME: __________________________________________
11) The concept of ‘normal forms’ 16) An algorithm is a computational device for
a) Is associated with relational tables a) solving complex spatial problems, such as
b) Was defined by Codd in 1970 the “traveling salesman”
c) Include five principles for the efficient and b) finding solutions that might be correct but
effective design of tables we can’t be sure
d) Improve the simplicity and stability of a c) speeding up an otherwise lengthy
database computation
e) Reduce redundancy of tables by splitting d) finding exact, correct solutions
them into sub-tables that are re-joined at e) None of the above
query time.
f) All of the above 17) A vector data model…
g) None of the above a) contains overlapping objects that have no
spatial relationships between them
12) A conceptual database model b) makes map algebra possible
a) Defines the database schema for the c) stores data as grid cells, each cell storing
computer one data value.
b) Models the user’s view of the world d) is the only way to represent maps in a
c) Matches concepts to specific geographic computer system
database types e) None of the above
d) Includes all possible geographic
representations 18) Which of the following is likely to influence
e) None of the above GIS most in future?
a) The Personal Computer
13) A one-dimensional object that begins and ends b) Desktop applications
at topologically defined points is called a(n): c) Demand for paper maps
a) 0-cell d) Mobile / Wearable computers
b) polygon
c) node 19) Whose definition of a GIS includes “A special
d) arc case of information systems where the database
e) intersection consists of observations on spatially distributed
features, activities or events, which are
14) A map of the terrain and infrastructure for an definable in space as points, lines, or areas"?
area. a) IDRISI’s
a) Choropleth map b) US Geological Survey
b) Topological model c) Paul Longley (class test)
c) Coordinate system d) Ken Dueker
d) Isopleth map e) This statement is not a definition of GIS
e) None of the above
20) The practice of spatial analysis:
15) Combining two or more thematic maps in a) Provides an objective view when our eyes
precise registration with the same scale, might perceive pattern where there is none.
projections and extent is called: b) Brings to light relationships that might
a) Generalization otherwise be invisible.
b) Map overlay c) Turns spatial data into useful information
c) Address matching d) Is the means of adding value to geographic
d) Georeferencing data
e) None of the above e) Requires both a computer and an intelligent
user
f) All of the above
g) None of the above

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GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005
NAME: __________________________________________

21) Seeking regularities and patterns in large 27) Interoperability is

quantities of complex data is known as: a) The ability of GIS software to run with
a) Deduction little difference from a user's perspective on
b) Normative analysis any computer:
c) Data mining b) The determination of centroid location
d) Descriptive summaries c) Device dependence
e) Hypothesis testing d) Ability to model different scenarios
e) Object-relational database management
22) The mean is a measure of: system
a) Dispersion
b) Variation 28) One principle that underlies spatial
c) Central tendency interpolation is
d) Minimum aggregate travel a) classifying data by quantiles
b) Tobler’s first law
23) A system with an origin, distance metric, and c) shading areal classes on a map
axes used to locate a position in two- or three - d) A GIS process of intelligent guesswork
dimensional space. e) None of the above
a) Database management system
b) Geographic Information System 29) What are “data about the data?”
c) Coordinate system a) Metric system
d) Design loop system b) Topological model
e) None of the above c) Metadata
d) Coordinate system
24) A buffer operation performed on a point usually e) Missing data
creates a _______________ area
a) Circular 30) A digital orthophoto quadrangle is
b) Triangular a) A topographical map
c) Sausage-shaped b) Geocoded street data
d) Hexagonal c) An air photo image corrected for
e) Rectangular topographic and other effects
d) The product of address matching
25) Thiessen polygons e) None of the above
a) Enclose the area closest to each point
b) Are used in interpolation 31) A visual expression on a map of the
c) Are also known as Voronoi Polygons relationship of distance on the ground and
d) Can be used to make Delaunay Triangles length on the map
and TINs a) Legend
e) All of the above b) Scale bar
f) None of the above c) Map body
d) Reality
26) Placing two or more thematic maps in precise e) Direction indicator
registration with the same scale, projections and
extent is called: 32) Interpolation, optimal path selection, and slope
a) Address matching / aspect calculation are all examples of what
b) Generalization type of GIS function?
c) Map design a) management
d) Map projection b) display
e) None of the above c) retrieval
d) storage
e) analysis

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GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005
NAME: __________________________________________
c) Data Range
33) Which of the following is correct in regard to d) Median value
modeling? e) Location of a centroid
a) A process involving multiple stages
b) Often used to emulate a real physical 38 In modeling, temporal resolution is
process a) The time taken to reach a stable solution
c) Represents a cutting edge of GIS b) The shortest distance over which change is
d) Frequently simulates dynamics using recorded
iterations c) The shortest time over which change is
e) All of the above recorded
f) None of the above d) A source of uncertainty
e) A & C
34) Longley et al characterize spatial analysis as f) C & D
_____________ in contrast to modeling
a) Static, ne point in time 39 Spurious polygons may result from
b) Multi-stage, different points in time a) The same line on the ground appearing in
c) Implementing ideas and scenarios two datasets
d) Experimenting with policy options b) Representations of the same line are rarely
exactly the same
35) A collection of data organized in a systematic c) polylines of the same boundary might have
way to provide access on demand different numbers of points
a) Data structure d) careful and precise digitizing
b) Data Model e) all of the above
c) Data Analysis
d) Database 40 A heuristic is a computational procedure for…
e) Data Record a) finding a single, exact solution
b) finding solutions that we are sure are
36) “A set of methods whose results change when correct
the locations of the objects being analyzed c) calculating spatial statistics, such as the
change” is the definition of: mean center
a) Interpolation d) working quickly on complex problems
b) Inverse distance weighting (IDW) e) All of the above
c) Normative analysis f) None of the above
d) Spatial analysis
e) All of the above 41 Which term best represents the following
f) None of the above statement: “A set of methods whose results
change when the locations of the objects
37) SQL is: change”?
a) Is a standard a) Spatial analysis
b) used for querying relational databases b) Topology
c) used for selecting attributes that meet c) Deductive reasoning
specified criteria d) Inductive reasoning
d) Is more powerful when tables are linked e) Data mining
e) All of the above
f) None of the above

37 What does the standard distance of a spatial

distribution measure?
a) Central tendency
b) Dispersion about the centroid

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GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005
NAME: __________________________________________
47 A process of reasoning from the results of a
42 In spatial analysis in a GIS environment, which limited sample to make generalizations about
of the following is the most important resource? an entire population,
a) Very complex mathematical methods a) Query
b) An intelligent user collaborating with a b) Measurement
powerful computer c) Transformation
c) Methods whose results do not change with d) Descriptive summary
change in the location of objects under e) Optimization
study f) Hypothesis testing
d) Methods to make the explicit implicit
e) None of the above 48 A Varignon Frame
a) Finds the point of minimum aggregate
43 John Snow is known because he travel
a) Is a famous Dutch cartographer b) Calculates the mean center
b) Is a database expert c) Summarizes the US population centroid
c) Mapped the association of cholera deaths d) Performs raster overlay
with drinking water
d) Is a Japanese expert on Theissen polygons 49 Gerrymandering is
a) Manipulating a district’s shape to achieve
44 A rule for the determination of distance particular objectives
a) Algorithm b) A choropleth class definition scheme
b) Interpolation
c) Metric 50 Capturing the essence of a dataset in one or two
d) Normative methods numbers
a) Query
45 Which of the following are characteristic of b) Measurement
measures of aspect: c) Transformation
a) Cyclic measurement d) Descriptive summary
b) Records the direction of steepest slope e) Optimization
c) Ranges from 0 – 360 degrees f) Hypothesis testing
d) Can be derived from a DEM by spatial
analysis
e) All of the above Identify or describe the following acronyms:
f) None of the above
51 IDW__________________________________
46 Local, Focal, Global and Zonal Operations are 52 DEM ________________________________
associated with 53 SQL __________________________________
a) Cartographic modeling or map algebra 54 P-i-P ________________________________
b) Static models with no time steps or loops 55 DOQ _________________________________
c) Barnes Wallis & modeling the effects of 56 TIN __________________________________
bombing on a dam 57 DBMS ________________________________
d) Scaled, physical replicas of reality 58 MAT _________________________________
59 USGS_________________________________
60 O-RDBMS.
_____________________________________

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GEOGRAPHY 350/550 Final Exam Fall 2005
NAME: __________________________________________
Identify the six essential spatial analysis capabilities of a GIS identified in the Longley et al. text:
61 __________________________________________________________
62 __________________________________________________________
63 __________________________________________________________
64 __________________________________________________________
65 ____________________________________________________________
66 ___________________________________________________________

From the following diagram:

67 Identify the arcs that form polygon #3
68 Identify the coordinates that form line #1
69 Identify the line(s) that form(s) polygon #6
70 Identify the coordinates that form(s) polygon #5
71 Which polygon is to the left of line #3

BONUS (2 points) ?

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

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