BLUETOOTH

Sajish V.S.

S1 MBA IB
ROLL NO: 17
School of Management studies
CUSAT
KOCHI-22
E-mail: sajish999@gmail.com

Abstract: Bluetooth, the short range wireless radio technology standard, is among the
latest trends in wireless communications. The cable replacement technology Bluetooth
aims at unifying various short–range Wireless technologies. Here I would like to discuss
the specifications, profiles, advantages of Bluetooth. I would also like to discuss on
Bluetooth enabled devices.

Key words: Specifications, Profiles, Bluetooth Enabled devices.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The word Bluetooth is an anglicized version of Old Norse Blátönn or Swedish and Danish
Blåtand, the name of the tenth-century king Harald I of Denmark, who united dissonant Danish
tribes into a single kingdom. The implication is that Bluetooth does the same with
communications protocols, uniting them into one universal standard. The Bluetooth logo is a
bind rune merging the Germanic runes (Hagall) and (Berkanan).Bluetooth is an open
standard that enables communication among diverse device with a standard short range
wireless radio connection.
Its generally a cable replacement technology.

2.0 IMPLEMENTATION

Bluetooth uses a radio technology called frequency-hopping spread spectrum, which chops up
the data being sent and transmits chunks of it on up to 79 frequencies. In its basic mode, the
modulation is Gaussian frequency-shift keying (GFSK). It can achieve a gross data rate of 1
Mb/s. Bluetooth provides a way to connect and exchange information between devices such as
mobile phones, telephones, laptops, personal computers, printers, Global Positioning
System (GPS) receivers, digital cameras, and video game consoles through a secure, globally
unlicensed Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) 2.4 GHz short-range radio frequency
bandwidth. The Bluetooth specifications are developed and licensed by the Bluetooth Special
Interest Group (SIG). The Bluetooth SIG consists of companies in the areas of
telecommunication, computing, networking, and consumer electronics.

How does it work ?

Bluetooth is a open standard consisting of tiny radio frequency chips that can be plugged into
your devices.

These chips were designed to take all the information that your wires normally send and
transmit at a special frequency to something called a Bluetooth receiver.

3.0 USES

Bluetooth is a standard and a communications protocol primarily designed for low power
consumption, with a short range (power-class-dependent: 1 metre, 10 metres, 100 metres)
based on low-cost transceiver microchips in each device.[5] Bluetooth makes it possible for
these devices to communicate with each other when they are in range. Because the devices
use a radio (broadcast) communications system, they do not have to be in line of sight of each
other.

Class Maximum Permitted Power Range

 mW (dBm) (approximate)

Class 1 100 mW (20 dBm) ~100 metres

Class 2 2.5 mW (4 dBm) ~10 metres

Class 3 1 mW (0 dBm) ~1 metre

In most cases the effective range of class 2 devices is extended if they connect to a class 1
transceiver, compared to a pure class 2 network. This is accomplished by the higher sensitivity
and transmission power of Class 1 devices

Version Data Rate

Version 1.2 1 Mbit/s

Version 2.0 +
EDR 3 Mbit/s

4.0 SPECIFICATIONS

• EACH CHANNEL IS DIVIDED INTO TIME SLOTS 625 MICROSECONDS LONG

• PACKETS CAN BE UP TO FIVE TIME SLOTS WIDE
• DATA IN A PACKET CAN BE UP TO 2,745 BITS IN LENGTH
.

4.1 RADIO SPECIFICATION

PDU format:
• The Bluetooth system is operating in the 2.4 GHz ISM (Industrial Scientific Medicine)
band. The regulatory range of this frequency band is 2.400 – 2.4835 GHz.
• The Bluetooth radio accomplishes spectrum spreading by in 79 hops displaced by 1
MHz.
• Radio modulation uses GFSK.

4.2 BASEBAND SPECIFICATION

4.3 SERVICE DISCOVERY PROTOCOL SPECIFICATION

Protocol Data Unit format:

• PDU ID: identifies the type of PDU
• Transaction ID: uniquely identifies request PDUs and is used to match response
PDUs to request PDUs

5.0
PROFILES

In order to use Bluetooth, a device must be compatible with certain Bluetooth profiles. These
define the possible applications and uses of the technology.

5.1 HUMAN INTERFACE PROFILE

Bluetooth act as an interface between human beings and computer. E.g.: Wireless mouse can
be used with computers.

5.2 HEADSET PROFILE

Both devices must provide capability to initiate connection. Accept and terminate calls.Volume
can be regulated from either devices. Audio gateway can notify headset of an incoming call.

5.3 HANDS FREE PROFILE

This profile helps to retrieve and display registration status. It enables to retrieve and
display call status, initiate a call using voice recognition, initiate a call using memory
dialing three way calling, volume control etc. E.g. .This profile will be more useful
when the client is driving a car.
5.4 HARD COPY REPLACEMENT PROFILES

Bluetooth enabled printers can be used more conveniently as the cable replacement
technology saves time and space.

PRINTING PROFILES AND SIM ACCESS PROFILES are some other profiles in which
Bluetooth adds more convenience and opportunities.

6.0 APPLICATIONS

 Wireless control of and communication between a mobile phone and a hands-free headset.
This was one of the earliest applications to become popular.
 Wireless networking between PCs in a confined space and where little bandwidth is
required.
Wireless communication with PC input and output devices, the most common being the
mouse, keyboard and printer.
 Transfer of files, contact details, calendar appointments, and reminders between devices
with OBEX.
Replacement of traditional wired serial communications in test equipment, GPS receivers,
medical equipment, bar code scanners, and traffic control devices.
For controls where infrared was traditionally used.
 For low bandwidth applications where higher [USB] bandwidth is not required and cable-free
connection desired.
Sending small advertisements from Bluetooth-enabled advertising hoardings to other,
discoverable, Bluetooth devices[citation needed].
Wireless bridge between two Industrial Ethernet (e.g., PROFINET) networks.
Two seventh-generation game consoles, Nintendo's Wii[6] and Sony's PlayStation 3, use
Bluetooth for their respective wireless controllers.
Dial-up internet access on personal computers or PDAs using a data-capable mobile phone
as a modem.

7.0 ADVANTAGES

• Wireless (No Cables)

• No Setup Needed
• Low Power Consumption (1 Milli watt)
• Industry Wide Support
• Financially affordable

8.0 DISADVANTAGES

Short range (10 metres)

Small throughput rates,data about 1.0 Mbs
Mostly for personal uses (PANS) etc.
9.0 BLUETOOTH ENABLED DEVICES

9.1 BLUETOOTH ENABLED PC CARD

9.2 BLUETOOTH ENABLED PDA

9.3 BLUETOOTH ENABLED CELL PHONE

9.4 BLUETOOTH ENABLED HEADSET

9.5 REFERENCES

www.google.com
www.wikipedia.org
www.bluetooth.com
www.palowireless.com
www.motorola.com
www.ask.com
www.howstuffworks.com