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November 2010
Issue No 63
Small Claims
A National Mediation Service for Scotland?
Mediation
The Scottish Mediation Network (SMN) welcomes the Scottish Government‘s response
Seminar to the report and recommendations of the Scottish Civil Courts Review. In particular
November 25th 2010 we welcome the commitment to consider carefully the feasibility of a national me-
diation service.
Pollock Halls, University of
Edinburgh The Scottish Government statement gives a ringing endorsement of the value of me-
Cost: £60 Non Members, £40
diation, saying that ―the Scottish Government believes that mediation offers signifi-
Members
cant opportunities for parties to reach an acceptable settlement of disputes, poten-
tially at less cost to the public purse, and often with less distress and inconvenience
Speakers: to the parties.‖ (Paragraph 217). It says that subject to affordability in the context
of the current spending round, it will ―consider carefully any recommendations of
Case Ellis - Chicago Litigator
and Mediator
the Civil Justice Advisory Group led by Lord Coulsfield, which is examining ways to
create and support user friendly dispute resolution processes for claims of low finan-
Dr Bryan Clark - Strathclyde cial value, and how best to ensure access to justice, including through public legal
Law School education and alternative dispute resolution.‖ (Paragraph 21). It recognises that
the Review‘s recommendations are generally worthwhile but as, by themselves, they
James Rustidge - Head of
may not support a major shift towards ADR (Alternative Dispute Resolution), the
Small Claims Mediation Ser-
Scottish Government ―will therefore consider what further options may be available
vice, Manchester Civil Justice
and affordable.‖ (Paragraph 217).
Centre
SMN has been an active contributor to the ongoing reform of the civil and adminis-
Inside this issue: trative justice system in Scotland. We have had constructive input to the Scottish
Civil Courts Review and also to the reform of the Tribunals in Scotland on which the
A National Media- 1 Scottish Committee of the Administrative Justice and Tribunals Council has been
tion Service for consulting. The Chair of SMN, Charlie Irvine, is a member of the Civil Justice Advi-
Scotland sory Group and we have also responded to their consultation on ―Ensuring effective
access to appropriate and affordable dispute resolution.‖ On 25 November we are
Events 2 holding a workshop for policymakers and practitioners at which we aim to work to-
wards a model of small claims mediation for Scotland that is effective, affordable
and just (details available from SMN). SMN is ready to intensify these efforts to sup-
Balancing Act: The 3
port Scottish Government in identifying and working up ―available and affordable‖
Use of Mediation in options for progressing towards a national mediation service.
Discrimination
Cases Margaret Lynch, Director of SMN said: ―We welcome the Scottish Government’s in-
terest in doing more to help people in Scotland to resolve their disputes without all
Snippets 9 of the delay, worry and expense which can be involved in going to court or tribunal.
Access to justice is important and sometimes this does mean using the law to
achieve justice. However, very often people in dispute find it more helpful to have
The Success of 10
the help of an independent person (a mediator) to work out their own solutions to
Foreclosure Media- meet their needs. A national mediation service is a fine objective and we will do
tion in America everything possible to help Scottish Government to achieve this. These are indeed
difficult times in which resources are tight. Fortunately, mediation, as well as be-
ing a worthwhile service, can also help to save on the costs of the courts and tribu-
nals and of their users. So this may be the best time to achieve a major shift to-
wards proportionate dispute resolution.‖
The Scottish Mediation Network is a registered Scottish Charity No SC034921 and a Company Limited by Guarantee
Registration No SC258173. The registered office is 18 York Place Edinburgh EH1 3EP. Telephone 0131 556 1221
www.scottishmediation.org.uk
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have genuine concerns about discriminatory attitudes process have upon them as individuals, upon their
or actions, or genuinely be unable to understand or ac- families, and their relations at work? Even if success-
cept the explanation provided for the way in which ful, will the outcome or how they feel at the end of it,
they believe they have been treated. Equally, there be what they wanted?
will be times when discrimination is not in fact taking
place, despite someone‘s perception. How do you Aside from the impact on the individual, there may be
hope to properly investigate these perceptions of dif- additional considerations. Will the finding at the end
ference in treatment within the confines of an adver- of the process do anything to actually address what is
sarial workplace grievance system and against the back- the underlying concern? How does the process improve
ground we have considered above? It can be fraught things, if at all, where in fact discrimination may be
with difficulties. taking place? Or where an employee is feels strongly
that this is the case. Will anyone actually understand
Determining when unlawful discrimination has taken what the difficulties are and how these might be
place is not an easy process. There are many complex avoided in the future? Will a very lengthy grievance
decisions in our case law which have explored how and followed by an appeal if the outcome is not in favour
when Employment Tribunals can make a finding that of the employee, followed by a full hearing at the Em-
discrimination has taken place. This means that lay per- ployment Tribunal provide the outcome, answers, or
sonnel assigned to investigations and decision making ‗justice‘ that the employee seeks?
within organisations in connection with such complaints
have a difficult task. If we set this task against a back- In my experience the litigation process can often
ground, where an employer feels defensive, very possi- leave employees, and indeed employers, feeling dis-
bly shocked, and even angry or upset, by the allega- satisfied. I think for the employee, by virtue of their
tions being investigated, then subconsciously or other- position as an individual, rather than a representative
wise, it may be that it is more likely that the employer of an organisation, or being part of the corporate ma-
will be looking for an explanation that counters or ex- chinery with the support behind that, the personal toll
plains away the allegations, rather than one which sup- can be heavy. The process can leave the employee
ports them. finding it difficult to move on and to achieve closure.
That can then be a problem for both the employee
In some cases of course there will be a reasonable ex- and the employer. It is also true that individual em-
planation. But how easy would it be to make the finding ployees who are involved in the allegations of dis-
that discrimination has occurred? There may be some crimination will be seriously affected by the process.
admissions about matters that have been unsatisfactor- As will the representatives of the employer who will
ily dealt with, or an acceptance that someone could have invested much time and emotion in the manage-
have behaved differently, or even behaved badly. How- ment of the dispute. The process is an arduous one,
ever this is usually with the caveat that this is how they whatever the outcome, and relationships are rarely
tend to treat everyone. There may be some reference left intact at the end of it. In some cases it may be
to perceptions- but rarely a clear cut finding that dis- right or indeed necessary that this process be followed
crimination has taken place. for any of the reasons discussed before. Or because an
individual believes that it is correct for them. How-
This process can take a long time. Relationships in the ever, in other cases mediation may provide a much
workplace deteriorate in the interim, and in many in- better alternative to continuing through the adversar-
stances, unles the employee is very strong and resil- ial process.
ient, the employee complaining of discrimination will
end up off sick. Work colleagues can become resentful Wherever there is an ongoing employer/employee re-
of the investigation. This impacts on the workplace. lationship it must be arguable that mediation should
Those other employees may also end up off sick. This at least always be considered by both the employer
creates further difficulties, and delay to the process. and the employee. This approach has effectively been
Thus even if the finding was a positive one for the endorsed by the current judicial mediation scheme in
‗griever‘- at the end of this process- things will have the Employment Tribunal in Scotland, where any claim
become very difficult if not impossible for all con- that includes a complaint of discrimination and is
cerned. If the matter goes further and enters the Em- likely to last for three days or more in a full hearing
ployment Tribunal, then this has the potential for even will be considered for suitability for mediation. That
more damage to be done. there is an ongoing employer/employee relationship is
a critical factor in the Vice President deciding
Issues to consider in contemplating mediation whether judicial mediation will be offered.
It is within this context that some important questions From a procedural point of view there is nothing to
may need to be asked for an employee. What are the prevent mediation taking place. It can be used at any
chances that the employee will get what they want or stage of the dispute. It is usually said that it is best
hope for from the standard procedures and processes? used at the earliest opportunity, but in some cases,
What in fact are they likely to achieve, and how far this for example, it might be considered from either the
will match their expectations? What impact will the employee or employer‘s perspective that an investiga-
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tion is necessary prior to mediation. The parties‘ legal of view be nothing to change. However the fact that
position can be protected and the employee and em- the complaint has arisen in the first place, and that
ployer can revert to internal procedures or the Tribu- matters have got to the stage of needing mediation,
nal if necessary. suggests that there are issues being raised by the em-
ployee that are worth considering, even if it is not ac-
Benefits of mediation cepted that they amount to discrimination. Thus
Mediation can be a good alternative to the adversarial through mediation, the parties can begin to build an
system because it has the potential, from an em- agreement and action plan that may assist the em-
ployee perspective, to give the employee more of ployer and the employee to find resolution and bring an
what they might be looking for than the other scenar- end to the dispute with the relationship intact. This
ios offer. Both participants are normally offered the opportunity to find a creative solution may bring more
chance to present their view of the matters in dispute benefit than compensation alone could bring. It will be
at the beginning of the mediation, and an exploration apparent already that for employees, many complaints
of this may continue as part of the process. This of- have more to them than a desire for compensation.
fers a unique opportunity for an employee to have
someone relatively senior within the organisation hear When the employer/employee relationship has come
their story. The mediator and or employee advisor to an end
has a crucial role in enabling the employee to present Even where the relationship has or will come to an end,
their concerns in a professional and credible way that it may still be important for an employee to have the
will encourage this listening. This can enable the em- employer understand their concerns and perspective.
ployer to really listen to the employee, and to openly This can make a difference to how the employee feels
understand where the employee is coming from. They about or can respond to the future. Mediation there-
can do so without the fear that to listen and hear fore has the potential to resolve outstanding issues at
might lead to an admission of liability or weaken their the end of a relationship, or to bring a relationship to a
defence. For an employee this may be about their more satisfactory conclusion. The effect on the em-
perception or belief that they have been treated dif- ployee of the treatment they complain of may have
ferently, about what exactly it is that has been said or been quite damaging. Settlement in purely monetary
done and why they believe it caused them a detri- terms does not always bring the closure and resolution
ment based on their ‗protected characteristic‘. needed by the employee to move on into other healthy
working relationships, or continue on their career path.
Rather than the employer feeling obliged to immedi- It can be necessary to put the experience into context
ately defend or explain away the behaviour, or ac- and to get closure so as not to impact on future rela-
tions, mediation opens up the possibility for the em- tionships. From the employer‘s perspective, there will
ployer to listen and indeed to ask questions. It offers often be a sense of relief in finalising matters, of bring-
the possibility for the employer to gain a better un- ing a difficult dispute to an end. However from both a
derstanding of the employee‘s point of view and this reputational and organisational point of view, ending
is so important in discrimination complaints. It is also the relationship following mediation may conclude mat-
a critical component in what it is hoped can be ters in a more amicable way. It may bring confidential-
achieved as part of the mediation on the road to as- ity which is welcome. It may even leave the organisa-
sisting parties to reach a resolution. Mediation then tion in a better place, with critical learning, and ac-
provides the opportunity for the employer to respond tions that can be taken to prevent further complaints.
appropriately. Now it is time for the employee to lis-
ten and hear. These steps can then lead to both sides Lawyers are required to present and defend discrimina-
understanding each other‘s perspective. This process tion cases in strict legal terms, free of emotion, bar the
has the potential to achieve a more effective outcome need to prove the hurt and offence caused by the al-
for all concerned. leged discrimination. Discrimination complaints how-
ever are filled with emotion, differing perceptions and
In discrimination complaints the employee often wants interpretations. How is that emotion dealt with within
the employer to understand their position, to ac- the formal legal process, and how do employees and
knowledge what has happened, and to ensure that it employers begin to understand where each is coming
does not happen again in the future to them or from? Proof and defence of primary facts can focus the
someone else. Mediation does offer the employer the issues in dispute however it probably does not deal with
chance to give some recognition to the employee‘s the hurt and emotion, or best enable learning from the
concerns or feelings, something that is not often possi- perceptions of others. For this and the other reasons
ble in the adversarial process. Any such understanding set out above, mediation must always be worth consid-
and recognition together with an agreed outcome over ering, and may in some cases have the potential for the
which the employee has some control may in fact be more effective resolution of discrimination complaints
more empowering for an employee than the alterna- from both and employee and an employer‘s perspec-
tive. If an employer merely offers a monetary settle- tive.
ment to bring a complaint to an end, then this may Kathleen Bolt is a Member of the Scottish Mediation
change nothing. There may from the employer‘s point Network, and is a registered Mediator and lawyer
who specialises in discrimination cases.
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The course equates to 12 Hours CPD over 2 days and will be delivered by Charlie
Irvine and Jeremy Scuse of Catalyst Mediation Ltd., both highly experienced me-
diators and trainers in the field of workplace mediation.
Introductory cost for the two days is £350 for non-members, £300 for members,
inclusive of course handouts, lunch and refreshments. No VAT is charged .
Tender Notice
Organisations and Individuals who are members of the SMN Register and are able to deliver me-
diator training are invited to tender for the provision of a 6 week part-time evening Mediator
Basic training course.
The 30 hours of Mediator training are to be delivered in 2 weekly sessions lasting two and a
half hours. The training must comply with the SMR benchmark standards. The training should
be suitable for:-
· Professionals who wish to become accredited mediators
· Managers and Senior Managers who wish to improve their conflict resolution skills
· Managers and Senior Managers who wish to improve their conflict resolution skills
The course will run from our Edinburgh office two evenings per week from end of January
2011.
Individuals and organisations who might be interested in booking a place on this training course
should send us an email expression of interest to admin@scottishmediation.org.uk.
If you wish to speak to someone about the course, please call us on 0131 556 1221.
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ADVERTISEMENT
SCOTTISH LEGAL COMPLAINTS COMMISSION (SLCC)
The Scottish Legal Complaints Commission (SLCC) requires 3 non lawyer members to become
part of their Board with effect from February 2011. The successful candidates will be ap-
pointed by Scottish Ministers in consultation with the Lord President of the Court of Session.
As a non lawyer member you will have the ability to apply objective and impartial judgement
to the resolution of disputes, have the ability to offer guidance on one or more of the following
Commission activities: regulation, consumer rights, consumer advocacy, consumer needs and
have the ability to contribute to an effective team.
The SLCC was established by the Legal Profession and Legal Aid (Scotland) Act 2007. The main
functions of the Commission are to resolve complaints alleging inadequate professional service
or negligence by legal practitioners, to refer complaints which allege professional misconduct
or unsatisfactory professional conduct to the relevant professional body and to promote good
practice in complaints handling.
Remuneration: £209 per day. Travel and subsistence costs and reasonable receipted child-
care and dependent carer expenses directly related to the Commission‘s work will be reim-
bursed.
Term of appointment: 5 years.
Time commitment: Up to 6 days per month. Around one third of the time spent on the work
of the Board and two thirds on complaints.
Location of meetings: Scottish Legal Complaints Commission, The Stamp Office, 10-14 Water-
loo Place, Edinburgh EH1 3EG.
Closing date for applications is 29 November 2010
For full details and an application pack please see our website at:
www.scotland.gov.uk/Topics/Government/public-bodies/current-vacancies
Alternatively, application packs can be obtained by contacting the address below. You should
provide your name, address and the appointment that you are interested in.
Applications should be e-mailed to: paapplicationsmailbox@scotland.gsi.gov.uk
Alternatively return by post to:
Scottish Government,
Human Resources Shared Service Centre (Public Appointments)
Saughton House (E1 spur)
Broomhouse Drive
Edinburgh
EH11 3XD
Freephone: 0800 015 8449
Fax: 0131 244 3833
Appointments to the Scottish Legal Complaints Commission are regulated by the Commissioner
for Public Appointments in Scotland. All applicants must complete and submit the application
form contained in the application pack in order to be considered for appointment. Please
note that application forms sent electronically will be in Word format and, if returning elec-
tronically, will only be accepted in that format.
Appointed on merit; committed to diversity and equality
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This is the latest in several awards which Carol has secured for the Network for
her work with looked after children and young people and their families in West
Lothian.
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Ruth Duffin
Scottish Mediation Network
Campaigns Officer
The Scottish Mediation Network is a registered Scottish Charity No SC034921 and a Company Limited by Guarantee
Registration No SC258173. The registered office is 18 York Place Edinburgh EH1 3EP. Telephone 0131 556 1221
www.scottishmediation.org.uk