Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
INCEPTION REPORT
FEBRUARY 2010
Submitted to
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intended for use in the rural areas. The use of well designed and economic bamboo
structures is expected to be attractive to the rural people. The Steel Concrete composite
structures are expected to be widely used in the industries. In urban areas this type of
structure is expected to find application in high rise construction.
Contrary to the presentation of Geotechnical engineering in BNBC 1993 wherein it has been
treated as “Foundation” having limited scope, in the Updated code the Geotechnical
engineering has been re-named as “Soils and Foundations” as revealed during review of
most of the codes. The scope of the proposed “Soils and Foundations” chapter has been
made wider by including topics such as ground improvement, geo-textiles, soil
reinforcement, slope stability, foundation on problematic soils and sanitary landfills,
dewatering, evaluation of liquefaction potential of soils. The new scope of the “Soils and
Foundations” chapter is in line with the codes reviewed and requirements of the
Geotechnical professionals of the country.
Depletion of energy resources and environmental changes is a major concern worldwide.
Bangladesh is no exception to it. Keeping these aspects in mind, changes and modifications
have been suggested in BNBC 1993 for use of energy saving appliances, non-conventional
fuels etc. in buildings. It has also been proposed that the Updated BNBC will contain
chapters addressing the issues of energy conservation, rainwater harvesting and distribution
mechanisms in the buildings. These are discussed in details below.
In Part 3, “General Building Requirements, Control an Regulation” new Chapter-4 “Energy
Efficiency and Passive Energy Design Features” has been proposed giving minimum code
requirements for achieving the efficiency, targeting solar energy use in buildings of 10% to
20% by 2020.
To reduce energy consumption in buildings provisions for use of variable refrigeration
system in HVAC applications, Variable Voltage, Variable frequency drives in elevator
applications has been proposed in Chapter-3 “Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilation” of
Part-8 “Building Services”. Energy conservation in lighting using energy saving lamps,
Fluorescent lamps and GLS lamps has also been proposed in Chapter-2, “Electrical
Installation” of the same part.
To augment water supply in Buildings, Chapter-8, “Rainwater Management” in Part-8
“Building Services” has been included in the Updated Code containing specific guidelines for
harvesting, storage and distribution of rainwater.
To make the fire fighting services available to people residing in the congested urban areas,
rural areas and remote areas, special provisions have been proposed in the Chapter “Specific
Requirements for Rural Areas and Remote Areas of Part-4 “Fire Protection” of the Updated
Code.
Chapter-4 “Administration, Permit and Inspection” and Chapter-5 “Legal Proceedings” of
Part-2 “Planning, Environment, Administration and Legislation” have been included for
control and enforcement of the provisions of the Updated Code in all activities related to the
building planning and construction at all levels. It is proposed that the sections will
demarcate the administrative and legal issues more clearly for smooth management of the
building construction activities.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Summary ii
Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Background 2
1.3 Objectives 3
1.4 Scope of Services 4
1.5 Scope of the Report 5
Work Plan 7
2.1 Methodology 7
2.1.1 Inputs 7
2.1.2 Process 9
2.1.3 Outputs 9
2.1.4 Review 10
2.1.5 Final Output 10
2.2 Organization and Management 10
2.2.1 Organization 10
2.2.2 Management 15
2.3 Work Schedule 17
2.4 Personnel Deployment Schedule 18
Architecture 31
4.1 General 31
4.2 Terms of Reference of the Group 31
4.3 Terms of Reference of Individual Consultants 32
4.3 Collection of Relevant Documents 33
4.3.1 Introduction 33
4.3.2 Documents Already Collected 33
4.3.3 Documents to be Collected 34
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4.4 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 34
4.4.1 Introduction 34
4.4.2 Preliminary Review of International Building Code (IBC_2009) 34
4.4.3 Preliminary Review of National Building Code of India (2005) 37
4.4.4 Preliminary Review of Building Code of China 37
4.5 Preliminary Review of BNBC-1993 38
4.6 Tentative Structure of the Updated Code 40
Geotechnical Engineering 69
6.1 Terms of Reference of the Group 69
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6.2 Terms of Reference of Individual Consultants 69
6.3 List of Collected Documents 69
6.4 List of Documents to be Collected 70
6.5 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 70
6.6 Preliminary Review of BNBC 1993 71
6.7 Tentative Structure of the Relevant Part of the Code 73
Building Services 74
7.1 Fire Protection 74
7.1.1 Terms of Reference 74
7.1.2 List of Collected Materials 74
7.1.3 List of Documents to be Collected 75
7.1.4 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 75
7.1.5 Review of the BNBC 1993 76
7.1.6 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part of the Code 76
7.2 HVAC, Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks 76
7.2.1 General 76
7.2.2 Terms of Reference of the Consultant 77
7.2.3 List of Collected Documents : 77
7.2.4 List of Documents to be Collected 77
7.2.5 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 78
7.2.6 Preliminary Review of BNBC 1993 78
7.2.7 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part 80
7.3 Electrical Engineering 81
7.3.1 Terms of Reference of the Subgroup 81
7.3.2 List of Collected Documents 82
7.3.3 List of Documents to be Collected 82
7.3.4 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 83
7.3.5 Review of BNBC 1993 83
7.3.6 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part of the Code 87
7.4 Fuel and Gas Supply 88
7.4.1 Terms of Reference of the Consultant 88
7.4.2 List of Collected Documents 88
7.4.3 List of Documents to be Collected 88
7.4.4 Preliminary Review of Collected documents 89
7.4.5 Review of BNBC 1993 89
7.4.6 Tentative Structure 89
7.5 Water Supply and Sanitation 89
7.5.1 Terms of Reference of the Sub-group 89
7.5.2 Terms of Reference of Individual Consultants 90
7.5.3 List of Collected Documents 90
7.5.4 List of Documents to be Collected 90
7.5.5 Preliminary Review of Collected Documents 90
7.5.6 Preliminary Review of BNBC 1993 91
7.5.7 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part of the Code 94
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7.6 Information Technology 94
7.6.1 Terms of Reference of the Consultant 94
7.6.2 Collection of Documents 95
7.6.3 Tentative Structure of Relevant Part of the Code 95
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INTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
In order to provide safe and healthy habitat, all activities related to building construction
such as planning, design and construction needs to be regulated properly. Technological
and socio-economic developments in recent times have led to remarkable increase in
demand for more and more sophistication in buildings resulting in ever increasing
complexity. Buildings are products of a multi-disciplinary profession involving specialized
professional inputs from disciplines like Architecture, Fire prevention, Materials science,
Structural engineering, Geotechnical engineering Construction technology, Electrical
engineering, Mechanical engineering, Acoustics, Sanitation and plumbing technology,
Chemical engineering, Law, etc. It is therefore imperative that a uniform standard of practice
covering all aspects of planning, design and construction of buildings, including the service
facilities provided in it such as electrical, mechanical, sanitary and other services, be
followed to ensure safety, minimization of wastage in construction and optimum return for
the user. In the Building code each of the above aspects are addressed adequately by
professionals specializing in the relevant disciplines to ensure safety and comfort of the
users of the buildings.
In order to regulate the technical details of building construction and to maintain the
standard of construction the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) was first published
in 1993. It is a 1000 page detailed document specifying safe and acceptable practices in all
aspects of building design and construction. However, since its publication, significant
changes and developments have taken place in both building technology and material
properties requiring the use of the present state of the art knowledge and practices in
building planning, design and construction. To keep pace with the changed circumstances,
it is a routine practice to update codes. Sixteen years have elapsed since publication of the
code. Therefore time is, appropriate for updating of the Bangladesh National Building Code.
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estate developers following which new trends developed in building planning and
construction. Some real-estate developers engaged professional people such as Architects,
Planners, Engineers to make their buildings more attractive to the buyers and the code
started finding its use among the professionals. However, some owners and developers
retained the habit of the old method of construction giving rise to unplanned growth of
structures in the urban areas. During this time some high rise structures failed to perform
satisfactorily due to structural failure / fire hazard which caused alarm among the urban
dwellers as well as the policy makers. The policy makers, therefore felt the urgency of
updating the BNBC 1993 to make its contents time worthy and also to bring it under strict
legal coverage to make its provisions binding to all involved in the planning, design,
construction and use.
1.2 BACKGROUND
At the onset of a new decade in the second millennium, the Government of Bangladesh has
taken up the task of updating the acts, regulations and the code related to building
construction. The building construction sector was first brought into a legal framework
through enactment of Building Construction Act 1952. By the power given by the Act, the
Government of Bangladesh has promulgated regulations which were amended from time to
time. In 2006 the Building Construction Act was amended to include a new Section 18A
empowering the Government to promulgate the Building Code as a legally binding
document.
Since its publication, BNBC 1993 has been referred to and consulted by the professionals
and designers in the field of building design and construction. After the endowment of legal
status, importance of the BNBC 1993 has further enhanced. However, unlike other building
codes available in the world, the Bangladesh National Building Code has not yet been
formally reviewed and updated since it was drafted in 1993. Neither any feedback of the
professionals regarding the document has been taken into formal consideration. In the last
sixteen years, new materials have been introduced, new scientific methods have emerged,
new technologies have evolved and both design of structures and construction practices
have gone through enormous changes. Researchers, engineers and academics in Bangladesh
have also conducted new studies which enrich our knowledge about planning, design,
construction and sustainability of buildings.
Ministry of Housing and Public Works formed a steering committee with the responsibility of
Updating BNBC 1993 by a G.O. having circular no. Section 8/IM-5/93(part) 812 (28) date:
15.09.2008. The Steering Committee comprises representatives from relevant government
agencies, universities and professional societies. The Housing and Building Research
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Institute (HBRI) has been entrusted with the task of providing secretarial service to the
Steering Committee and managing the implementation of the project.
In response to a Request for Proposal (RFP) from HBRI, Bureau of Research, Testing and
Consultancy (BRTC) of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET)
submitted Technical and Financial Proposals for updating BNBC 1993. Consequently an
agreement (Appendix A) was signed between HBRI and BRTC, BUET on 15th December 2009.
According to the agreement BRTC, BUET has to review and update the Bangladesh National
Building Code 1993, the Building Construction Act 1952 and the Administrative
arrangement and implementing provisions within 12 months. BRTC, BUET has deputed
leading experts in all relevant fields from both inside and outside of BUET. Finally the
updated code and act will be available both in printed form and soft copy in CDs and on
website.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of the project is to revise and update the provisions of Bangladesh
National Building Code to keep pace with present needs. The Building Code is now
implemented under cover of the Act of 1952. More than half a century has however elapsed
since promulgation of the Act and a significant degree of progress has been achieved in
building construction sector during this period. This calls for review and
amendment/updating of the Act itself. Besides, in order to ensure compliance of the
Building Code by all concerned and effective enforcement of the Act, an effective and
achievable Administrative Arrangement must be worked out at all levels. Thus the work will
comprise the following three components:
• Review, revision and updating of the Bangladesh National Building Code 1993 to
bring it at par with the present state-of-the-art paying due consideration to local
needs and practices.
• Review of the Act with the latest amendments and preparation of draft of an
amended/updated version of the Act for consideration of enactment by competent
authority.
• Review of present administrative arrangement for implementing the provisions of the
Act at various levels; rural, union, upazila, district and metropolitan, for both private
and government developments. Recommendation of an effective yet achievable
administrative arrangement to ensure compliance of the Building Construction Act at
all levels.
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1.4 SCOPE OF SERVICES
The project will yield three distinct outputs as described above in separate submissions. To
achieve this goal, the following tasks will be performed by the Consultant:
Review of each of the above parts and give due consideration to changes required in
the structure and content of the code as well as inclusion of issues like building
security & planning, renewable energy, rain water harvesting etc.;
• Formulation of ways and means for making BNBC more effective in terms of
acceptability, ease of application, and un-ambiguity keeping in view the socio-
economic aspects of the country;
• Critical examination and review of each Section of the present Building Code and
reformulation of the provisions as necessary in consideration of the new legislative
status of the Code;
• Preparation of a draft of the recompiled code for public review;
• Incorporation of commentary on important sections of the code, if necessary;
• Arrangement of Seminars/Workshops to gather views of relevant professionals and
feedbacks from existing BNBC users;
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• Arrangement of Seminars/Workshops on the revised draft to gather views of relevant
professionals and feedbacks before finalization of the Update BNBC;
• Incorporation of the results of review and editing of the recompiled code by national
level experts forming various editorial committees;
• Preparation of appropriate reference aids such as Index and detailed Table of
Contents;
• Selection of appropriate printing layout and format from consideration of utility and
convenience of different user groups of the Code;
• Preparation of electronic form of the approved Code with appropriate index/search
facility and making it available for download from a government website;
• Review of the Act in the light of present needs and examination of its suitability for
enforcing the provisions of Building Code;
• Preparation of draft of an updated version of the Act, submission of the draft for
review by an editorial board comprising legislative experts, finalisation of the edited
draft Act, submission of the draft Act for consideration of the Ministry of Law, Justice
and Parliamentary Affairs for enactment by competent constitutional authority;
• Review of administrative provisions of the Building Code vis-à-vis the present
administrative machinery and structure of the Government concerned with
implementation and enforcement of legal provisions and suggest changes, if
necessary ;
• Formulation of an administrative procedure necessary for effective implementation
of the updated Building Code in the light of its new legal status, and
recommendation for formulation of a nationally applicable institutional arrangement
for enforcement of provisions of the Building Code.
The inception report contains eight chapters. Chapter 1 presents the background, objectives
and scope of the project. Chapter 2 gives an account of the methodology, management
structure, work plan and personnel deployment schedule of the project. Terms of references
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of different Groups and individual Consultants, lists of documents collected and other
required documents and preliminary reviews of the collected documents and the BNBC 1993
are presented in a group wise manner in Chapters 3 to 7. Finally a tentative structure and
Table of Contents of the revised code is proposed in Chapter 8.
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WORK PLAN
2.1 METHODOLOGY
The tasks of the present assignment will be carried out keeping in view of the quality of
services and the time frame provided for completion of the assignment. The quality of
services will be ensured by employing specialists in each area of the Code, Act and the
Administrative arrangement for detail review and updating. Feedback on the updated Code
and the Act will be obtained from the whole cross-section of the end-users and
stakeholders.
2.1.1 INPUTS
The inputs for updating the Code will be gathered from the following:
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Inputs
Process
Review
Final Output
Revisions to the
provisions of the code
presented in the form of
‐ Hardcopy
‐ Electronic copy
‐ Website
Fig. 2.1: Schematic diagram showing the methodology for updating the code
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REVIEWING OTHER DOCUMENTS
Prevailing buildings codes and standards of other countries will be reviewed and compared
with the BNBC 1993. For this purpose current important codes and standards like IBC 2009,
Euro Code, ACI 318-08, ASCE 7-05 etc. have been collected. National Building Code of India
2005 has already been collected and codes of other neighbouring countries are in the
process of collection. BUET being the premier technical university in the country has a rich
library with many reputed journals and proceedings which will be consulted for review.
Indigenous knowledge developed through research and practice by local researchers and
professionals will also be sought out through a survey and inclusion of the findings will be
explored.
2.1.2 PROCESS
The assignment of updating the BNBC 1993 will be conducted in a coordinated manner so
that the tasks are completed in due time and the milestones of the project are properly
achieved. For this purpose review and updating in the different areas of the Code will be
simultaneously carried out. Coordination of the interrelated areas will be achieved through
the contribution of the coordinator. The collected information will be compiled and an
outline of the up-date requirements will be prepared. After review and approval, the outline
will be detailed and appropriate contents will be prepared.
2.1.3 OUTPUTS
Before delivering the final output, interim outputs will be produced through three reports:
Inception report, Interim report and Draft documents. A detailed work plan and preliminary
review of BNBC 1993 and other collected documents are presented in the inception report.
The interim report will contain a complete review of the BNBC 1993, the Building
Construction Act and the existing administrative and institutional arrangement for
enforcement of the Code. The interim report will also provide an outline of the updated
Code, the revised Act and the revised administrative arrangement for enforcing the Code. In
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the Draft documents the feedbacks from National Workshops, Steering Committee and
Editorial Committees will be incorporated.
2.1.4 REVIEW
The outputs of the present project will be reviewed at five different stages. The initial
outline of the Code, Act and Administrative arrangement presented in the Inception report
will be reviewed by the users of the BNBC 1993 at a day-long National Workshop. The
Editorial Committees will examine the Interim report. Draft of the Code, Act and
Administrative arrangement will first be discussed at a National Workshop and then be
reviewed by the Editorial Committees. Based on the feedbacks from these reviews the final
manuscript will be prepared and approval will be obtained from the Editorial Committees.
2.2.1 ORGANIZATION
A team of 33 Consultants have been deployed for Updating BNBC 1993. The team of
Consultants is headed by the Team Leader who guides and supervises the members for an
efficient and smooth completion of the assignment. He also interacts with the client on
behalf of the team. The Coordinator facilitates interaction among different groups of Experts
and support staff. The entire process is monitored by the Team Leader. The team will
comprise of Experts from the following disciplines:
Architecture
Planning
Fire
Materials
Geotechnical Engineering
Structural Engineering
Construction Practices and Safety
Earthquake Engineering
Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walkways
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Electrical Engineering
Fuel and Gas Supply
Environmental Engineering
Plumbing
Information Technology
Administration
Law and legislation
The team composition and responsibilities of each member are shown in Table 2.1. The
organization chart is shown in Fig. 2.1.
Steering BUET
Committee
Department of Civil
HBRI Engineering
Experts:
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Table 2.1: Team Composition and Task Assignments
OFESSIONAL S TAFF
Name of Staff Firm/Organisation Area of Expertise Position Assigned Task Assigned
of. Md. Hossain Ali BRTC, BUET Geotechnical/earth Team Leader Responsibilities for overall technical, adminis
quake engineering and financial management of the p
coordination of activities of different disc
liaison with client and relevant agencies; act
principal author and editor of the consu
organize and finalize various reports
documents; chief resource person of worksho
Raquib Ahsan BRTC, BUET Structural Coordinator Review and revision of general structural
engineering requirements, liaison with client, relevant ag
and team leader
of. Md. Shahidul Ameen BRTC, BUET Architecture Senior Architect 1 Review and redrafting of general b
requirements, control and regulation
of. Zebun Nasrin BRTC, BUET Lighting/Arch. Senior Architect 2 Contribute to general building requirements,
med and update of and lighting requirements
h. Ziaul Islam Asia Pacific Architecture Architect Review and redrafting of general b
University requirements, control and regulation
of. Rokhsana Hafiz BRTC, BUET Urban and Regional Senior Planner Planning aspects of the building.
Planning
of. Nizamuddin Ahmed BRTC, BUET Fire/Architecture Senior Fire Expert Contribute to general building requirements,
and revision of the fire protection and ac
requirements
Selim Newaz Bhuiyan --- Fire Fire Specialist Review and revision of the fire pro
requirements
of. Muhammad Zakaria BRTC, BUET Materials/Transport Senior Materials Review and updating of provisions relat
ation Engineering Engineer building materials
of. Munaz Ahmed Noor BRTC, BUET Materials/Structural Materials Engineer Review and updating of provisions relat
Engineering building materials
of. Syed Fakhrul BRTC, BUET Geotechnical Senior Geotech. Review and updating of foundation
een Engineering Engineer 1 provisions
OFESSIONAL S TAFF
Name of Staff Firm/Organisation Area of Expertise Position Assigned Task Assigned
of. Abu Siddique BRTC, BUET Geotechnical Senior Review and updating of foundation
Engineering Geotechnical provisions
Engineer 2
of. Mohammed Kabirul BRTC, BUET Geotechnical Geohazard Review and update provisions regarding geoh
am Engineering Engineer
Md. Shariful Islam BRTC, BUET Geotechnical Geotechnical Review and updating of foundation
Engineering Engineer provisions
of. A. M. M. Taufiqul BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural Senior Structural Review and revision of general structural
war Engineering Engineer 1 requirements, loads, structural design in
materials, detailing
of. Ahsanul Kabir BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural Senior Structural Review and revision of general structural
Engineering Engineer 2 requirements, loads, structural design in
stressed concrete, detailing
of. Khan Mahmud BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural Senior Structural Review and revision of general structural
anat Engineering Engineer 3 requirements, loads, structural design in
detailing
Raquib Ahsan BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural Structural Engineer Review and revision of general structural
Engineering requirements, loading, structural dyn
detailing, coordination with team leader
A. F. M. Saiful Amin BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural Structural Engineer Review and revision of general structural
Engineering requirements, loads, masonry and timber stru
detailing
of. Md. Shafiul Bari BRTC, BUET Civil/Structural Senior Construction Review and updating of construction practi
Engineering Engineer safety provisions
gr. Sabbir Siddiquee DPM Civil/Structural Construction Review and updating of construction practi
Engineering Engineer safety provisions
of. Tahmeed M. Al- BRTC, BUET Earthquake/Geotec Senior Earthquake Review and revision of earthquake zoning, lo
ssaini hnical Engineering Engineer design and detailing requirements
of. Tahsin Reza BRTC, BUET Civil/Earthquake Earthquake Review and revision of earthquake zoning, lo
ssain Engineering Engineer design and detailing requirements
OFESSIONAL S TAFF
Name of Staff Firm/Organisation Area of Expertise Position Assigned Task Assigned
gr. Belal Ahmed --- HVAC, Lifts, Senior Mechanical Review and updating of provisions related to
Escalators etc Engineer lifts, escalators and mechanical services
protection equipment and arrangements
of. Saiful Islam BRTC, BUET Electrical Senior Electrical Review and updating of electrical installatio
Engineering Engineer wiring requirements
. Shaikh Anowarul BRTC, BUET Electrical Electrical Engineer Review and revision of electrical requirements
tah Engineering
of. A. K. M. A. Quader BRTC, BUET Fuel and Gas Senior Chemical Review and updating of gas supply provisions
Supply Engineer
of. Farooque Ahmed BRTC, BUET Civil/Environmental Senior Plumbing Review and updating of water supply, draina
Engineering Engineer sanitation requirements, fire protection, plu
provisions
gr. Azizul Hoque, PWD Civil/Water Supply Plumbing Engineer Review and updating of water supply, draina
Eng. Engineering sanitation requirements, fire protection, plu
provisions
of. Md. Mujibur Rahman BRTC, BUET Environmental Senior Review and revision of environmental aspe
Engineering Environmental code provisions
Experts
of. Md. Delwar Hossain BRTC, BUET Environmental Senior Review and revision of environmental aspe
Engineering Environmental code provisions
Experts
Saiful Alam --- Administrative and Senior Review of administrative arrangement of b
Institutional Expert Administrative approval process throughout the c
Expert formulation of an institutional and adminis
arrangement for nationwide enforcement o
provisions
Md. Asaduzzaman Southeast Law and Legislature Senior Legislative Review of building construction act, re
University Expert regulations, bylaws and practices, identifica
deficiencies and inadequacies of these
preparation of updated draft of the Act
Md. Humayun Kabir BRTC, BUET IT Specialist IT Expert Formulation of index linked search mechani
code soft copy, uploading to specified gove
web site
2.2.2 MANAGEMENT
The team of Consultants have been divided into five groups for management of the project.
A Group Leader has been assigned to each group for coordination within the group and for
interaction with the Team Leader. The groups are:
Group 2: Architecture
(Acronym: Arch)
Group Leader: Prof. Md. Shahidul Ameen
Division of groups and the relevant parts of BNBC1993 assigned to the groups are shown in
Fig. 2.2. Names of the members of each group are provided in the following sections.
PEAL GROUP
Planning Expert :
Environmental Experts:
Administration Expert:
Legislation Expert:
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Parrts of BNBC 1993
ARCH GROUP
Architecture Experts:
Pro
of. Zebun Na
asreen Ahme
ed
Arc
ch. Ziaul Isla
am
MSCE
E GROUP
Materials Experts:
E
Pro
of. Munaz Ah
hmed Noor
Structure Experts:
E
Pro
of. A. M. M. Taufiqul
T Anw
war (Group Leader)
L
Pro
of. Ahsanul Kabir
K
Pro
of. Khan Mah
hmud Amana
at
Constructiion Experts:
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Engr. Sabbir Siddiquee
GEO GROUP
Geotechnical Engineering Experts:
BS GROUP
Fire Design Experts:
Prof. A. K. M. A. Quader
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Submission of Interim Report: 7th May 2010
Submission of Draft Code, Act, Administrative arrangement: 21st August, 2010
Submission of Final Manuscripts: 15th November 2010
Uploading of Electronic versions to the Web: 7th December 2010
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Table 2.2: Work Schedule
15/12/09 Date
15/01/10
15/02/10
15/03/10
15/04/10
15/05/10
15/06/10
15/07/10
15/08/10
15/09/10
15/10/10
ription of
ity
g of the Code
ration of CD and
ding to website
Table 2.3: Project Milestones
Date
15/12/09
15/01/10
15/02/10
15/03/10
15/04/10
15/05/10
15/06/10
15/07/10
15/08/10
15/09/10
15/10/10
cription of Activity
estones
tion Report
ading to web
Table 2.4: Staffing Schedule
Total staff-
Staff-month input by month
Name of Staff month input
No.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
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Environmental expert- Prof. Md. Mujibur Rahman
a. Act as Group Leader and maintain liaison with the Team Leader/Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the group.
c. Identification of environmental factors relevant to Bangladesh.
d. Interaction with other subgroups regarding analysis and incorporation of
environmental influence in planning, design, construction of buildings.
e. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of all reports.
f. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of the materials for the workshop.
g. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of the draft Code.
a. Review all relevant items of BNBC, other codes and related documents.
b. Collection and review of various codes for related environmental influencing factors.
c. Identification of environmental factors relevant to Bangladesh.
d. Interaction with other subgroups regarding analysis and incorporation of
environmental influence in planning, design, construction of buildings.
e. Assist the Group Leader.
a. Gather both primary and secondary data/information to make such provisions under
the updated code so that it really works as a guideline for building construction for
all and the document is used as a National Document.
b. Draw feedback and opinion from central to the grass root level to make the code
functional.
e. Review the latest updated code and find out the weakness and incorporate strong
issues under the new one.
b. Compare the enforcement mechanism of the present Code with the Codes of other
countries.
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c. Recommend effective enforcement mechanism.
3.5.1 PLANNING
The preliminary requirement for any kind of activities and development, which brings out
significant changes to land. Unplanned urbanization and urban development lead to
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wastage of land and other resources and consequently leading to problems like sprawl,
pollution, congestion, threats, etc. which creates condition adverse to good and safe living.
The Building Construction Rule thus requires that land and other resources be judiciously
used to produce safe, sustainable and livable environment.
To regulate development activities each country had to promulgate, formulate and
implement laws in the form of Town and Country Planning Act addressing the issues of
Town and country planning Act and similar documents collected for updating BNBC 1993
has been reviewed(but not limited to) –
3.5.2 ENVIRONMENT
i. Indian Building Code (Part 10 & General Sections) provides some considerations on
environmental factors and influences that will be further reviewed for possible
consideration in the process of updating BNBC 2010.
ii. Preliminary review of EuroCode, ENV. 1991-1: 1994, ENV. 1991-2: 1995, EuroCode-
2 related documents- DD ENV 1992-1-1: 1992, EN 1992-1-1: 2004 (E) considers
various environmental influences and factors related to safety, durability of building
materials and building construction that will be further reviewed for possible
consideration in the process of updating BNBC 2010.
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ii. The Pakistan Engineering Council is a statutory body, constituted under the Pakistan
Engineering Council Act, 1976 to regulate the engineering profession in the country.
Its main statutory functions include registration of engineers, consulting engineers,
constructors/operators and accreditation of engineering programmes run by
universities/institutions, ensuring and managing of continuing professional
development, assisting the Federal Government as think tank, establishing standards
for engineering products and services besides safeguarding the interest of its
members.
In exercise of the power conferred by section 25 of the Pakistan Engineering Council
Act. 1975, the Pakistan Engineering Council made by-law providing the provisions to
the effect that construction of buildings in violation of the Building Code shall be
considered as violation of professional engineering work as specified under clause
(XXV) of section 2 of the Act.
iii. The Building Construction Act, 1952 is an Act to provide for the prevention of
haphazard construction of buildings and excavation of tanks which are likely to
interfere with the planning of certain areas in Bangladesh.
In view of section 3 of the Act no person shall, without the previous sanction of an
Authorized Officer, construct or re-construct or make addition or alteration to any
building, or excavate or re-excavate any tank within, the area to which this Act
applies; and such sanction shall be subject to such terms and conditions as the
Authorized Officer may think fit to impose. Such sanction shall remain valid for three
years from the date of sanction and on the expiry of the period, the applicant shall
have to apply for and obtain a fresh sanction.
Section 12 of the Building Construction Act, 1952 provides punishment of
imprisonment upto 7 years or fine not less than Tk. 50,000/= or both for
constructing a building in contravention to any provision of the Bangladesh National
Building Code. However, the offence is not treated as cognizable and non-bailable
and no court is empowered to take cognizance of an offence except upon a
complaint by the Authorized Officer in view of section 13 of the Building
Construction Act, 1952. It is to be noted here that section 5 of the Act provides for
compensation not exceeding the sum of two hundred and fifty rupees in case
removal of building under construction!
iv. The Bangladesh Labour Law, 2006 have provisions relating to social compliance. The
law deals with the issues relating to employment of workers, relationship between
workers and employers, compensation for injuries arising in the course of
employment, health, safety, welfare and environment of working conditions, etc. It is
the base line for minimum compliance and must be followed by all employers hiring
labour’s for construction.
28
3.6 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF BNBC 1993
Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) of 1993 came into effect with a gazette
notification issued on November 15, 2006. It has been made mandatory to comply with in
any building construction under the Building Construction Act of 1952 to ensure
accountability in the management of overall building construction and safety of the
buildings.
As per section 2.1 of chapter 2 of part 1 of the BNBC 1993 the Government is under
obligation to establish a new or designate an existing agency responsible for the
enforcement of this Code with a given area of jurisdiction. However, the Government is yet
to set up any Code Enforcement Authority. Thus, absence of regulatory authority to care for
all safety aspects of building as per BNBC is a major concern.
The BNBC 1993 has dealt only with construction, structure, material, geo-technical, seismic
aspects, etc. of development. The BNBC has left out the planning aspects of development as
is evident from section (f). All these planning and development factors need to be
incorporated in the BNBC, if it is to produce a safe and livable environment at all.
In exercise of power under Section 18A of the Building Construction Act, 1952, the
Government of Bangladesh made the Bangladesh National Building Code in 1993, which
came into effect with a gazette notification issued on November 15, 2006.
Section 2.6 of Part 2 of the BNBC only provides that violation of the Code will be an offence
and the authority shall take legal action. However, it prescribes no procedure for institution
of legal proceedings, which need to be addressed.
In view of the above, the provisions of the Building Construction Act, 1952 along with the
Code need to be updated considering the present socio-economic situation of the country.
29
The chapter on Planning will focus on those areas or factors which need to be taken into
account when planning and developing an area. The main objective is translated into more
specific objectives as follows-
recreation, etc.
ii. Providing and preserving open spaces for recreation as well as for use as evacuation
iii. Preserving sites that are ecologically sensitive and scenic or both.
The BNBC needs to include the following features in the updated code, which are -
f. Resources Management,
A separate chapter will deal with general considerations regarding water supply, sub-
Chapters regarding administration and legal issues will be recast with new titles:
30
ARCHITECTURE
4.1 GENERAL
The basis for the building-code development is to safeguard the health, safety and welfare
of the public. The first and foremost goal of the building code is the protection of human
life from the failure of life safety provisions in a building, or from structural collapse. There
is also a strong component of property protection contained in code requirements. In
accordance with that, the basic objective of the code remains same as stated in BNBC 1993.
An additional aim in this revision will be to ensure sustainable development in all building
and construction activity with a strong component towards the protection of energy reserves
and environment.
31
h. Recommendations for requirements of graphic signs and outdoor displays with
regard to public, structural and other safety.
a. Act as Group Leader and maintain liaison with the Team Leader/ Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the group.
c. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of all reports.
d. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of materials for the workshop.
e. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of the draft Code.
a. Review all relevant items of BNBC 1993 and other codes and related
documents and prepare a list of terms, definitions, abbreviations and
acronyms.
b. Classification and re-organization of existing Code to enhance co-relation and
reduce scattering of information as per guideline of the TOR.
c. Identification and eradication of contradiction of BNBC with other existing
Building Rules or Acts
d. Incorporation of new chapters (Housing, Conservation, Energy-efficiency,
Accessibility etc.) in the proposed Code
e. Assist the Group in all related matters.
a. Review all relevant items of BNBC 1993 and other codes and related
documents and prepare a list of terms, definitions, abbreviations and
acronyms.
b. Classification and re-organization of existing Code to enhance co-relation and
reduce scattering of information as per guideline of the TOR.
c. Identification and eradication of contradiction of BNBC with other existing
Building Rules or Acts
d. Incorporation of new categories (Housing, Conservation, Energy-efficiency,
Accessibility etc.) in the proposed Code
e. Assist the Group in all related matters.
32
4.3 COLLECTION OF RELEVANT DOCUMENTS
4.3.1 INTRODUCTION
An important step in the methodology for up gradation of the Code is the review of various
codes, specifications, laws, acts, books, journals and other relevant published literature of
Bangladesh and other countries. A large number of these documents have already been
collected and are being reviewed. During the preliminary review, the Consultants felt the
necessity of collecting and reviewing some more documents on related topics. The next two
sections list the documents that have already been collected and those planned to be
collected.
33
vi. Jenks (M.), Burton (E.) and Williams (K.), The Compact City- A sustainable
Urban Form?, Taylor & Francis Inc., USA (2005)
vii. Crosbie (M.J.), Multi-Family Housing- The Art of Sharing, Images Publishing,
Australia (2003)
viii. Towers (G.), At Home in the City, Architectural Press, London (2005)
ix. Moughtin (C.) and Shirley (P.), Urban Design: Green Dimensions, Architectural
Press, London (2005)
x. Pfeifer (G.) and Brauneck (P.), Row Houses- A prospective Housing Typology,
Birkhauser, Germany (2008)
xi. Kobir (I.), Land Laws in East Pakistan Vol III, A Law House Publication (1969)
4.4.1 INTRODUCTION
The Architectural sub-group has identified Part 3 and Part 10 as the major focus area
for this group along with minor correction to the rest of the parts of BNBC 1993.
Below is a preliminary review of the IBC 2009, which is still ongoing, regarding issues that
relate to the Section that is within the domain of the Architecture sub-team of the BNBC
Review Team – namely those issues which have been covered under the General
Requirements section of the existing BNBC.
34
Building occupancy classification is according to first letter – F for factories, R for
residential, etc. with usually smaller numbers indicating higher hazards F1, F2, etc
CHAPTERS 4 TO 10
Most of the regulations given between Chapters 4 to 10 seem to be related to safety of
occupants from hazards, particularly fire. Chapter 4 contains the requirements for
protecting special uses and occupancies. However, the general requirements of the code still
apply unless modified within the chapter. For example, the height and area limitations
established in Chapter 5 (which deals with general height and area limitations with special
reference to fire provisions) apply to all special occupancies unless Chapter 4 contains
height and area limitations. In this case, the limitations in Chapter 4 supersede those in
other sections.
Chapters 16 to 30, deal with structural design and related issues, and are outside the scope
of the Architecture Group.
Chapter 12 deals with the Interior environment – stipulating minimum standards for the
interior environment of a building – information regarding sizes and environmental
variables. Specifications are given about spaces as well as the fabric.
35
is not included in the present BNBC code, but with new emphasis on climate change and
realization of the impacts of buildings on energy depletion, this is vital for sustainability.
Chapter 14 deals with the composition of Exterior Walls for weather and fire protection and
also includes balconies, eaves, decks and architectural trim, i.e. extensions from the
superstructure. Chapter 15 codifies roof assemblies and rooftop structures, mainly dealing
with weather-proofing, etc.
Chapters 16 to 30, dealing with structural design and related issues, as mentioned above,
are outside the scope of the Architecture Group and are therefore not discussed here.
Once again in Chapter 32, Encroachments into the Public Right-of-way – some structural –
but some architectural decision making is addressed. Chapter 33 provides safety
requirements during construction and demolition of buildings and structures.
There are A – K, on various issues, out of which Appendix E are on the Supplemental
Accessibility Requirements that are not otherwise mentioned or mainstreamed throughout
the code or in Chapter 11.
From the review of the IBC certain points that relate to the BNBC emerge and need to be
included in its revision. These are:
36
include codes for inclusion of renewables within the framework of the energy
consumption of the building.
b. A chapter on modifications, extensions to existing buildings and their standards
c. A chapter on conservation of heritage structures giving minimum codes in order to
preserve the historic character of sites and the building structure.
d. A chapter on landscaping, using and developing sites for safety and sustainability.
(2005)
A basic difference lies between BNBC 1993 and NBC of India 2005 in its
organizational approach. The NBCI has taken the land-use plan as its basis for
classification whereas in BNBC the basis is occupancy based building classification.
The advantage of the NBCI is evident whenever settlement planning or housing or
open space based developments are referred- community facilities, cultural facilities,
sports and public open spaces are direct outcome of such provision in the Code,
whereas no such provision lies within the BNBC.
Approaching from the land-use plan the Indian code encompasses even construction
in rural areas as well as preservation of natural resources as wetland, agricultural
land etc. This approach seems highly relevant in a country like ours where land
resource in comparison to population density is limited and the code apart from
providing guidelines for building/ development should also focus on conservation of
natural resources.
The other advantage of the Indian Code is its recognition for old city built forms and
further provision for its inclusion within the building code. Thus different typologies
e.g. core type, row type, semi-detached type etc. gets validity and creates variety
within the city fabric.
Provisions for Heritage conservation is also highlighted in the Indian code. This may
be helpful for formulation of guidelines for conservation in the Proposed Code.
37
meaningful as it is in the case of minimum kitchen size- the minimum size of a
kitchen varies according to the type of fuel in use. (pipe gas or liquefied petroleum gas –
3.5m2, improved coal –m 4m2, raw coal – 4.5 m2, fire wood – 5m2)
The Code may be helpful in certain areas e.g. provisions for sun light, building height
classification, minimum space guidelines etc.
The following observations have been made on different sections of Part 3 of the
BNBC 1993:
38
• New occupancy type for socio-cultural facilities (e.g. community hall, library,
recreational club, music/dance/drama centre, religious/spiritual centre etc) should
be incorporated
• New sub-divisions for current occupancy types A to F needed using semi-detached,
court-type and row type variations.
e.g.
• Needs to be upgraded and in harmony with other existing rules and codes.
a. EXISTING BUILDINGS
b. CONSERVATION OF GREENBELTS AND IMPORTANT WATERBODIES
• New rules should be added for preservation of WETLAND, CANALS,
RIVERFRONT, NATURAL FORESTS AND GREENBELTS, COASTAL FORESTATION
etc.
c. BUILDINGS AND PLACES OF HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL VALUE
39
• More occupancy types need to be included
• Typologies other than detached form e.g. semi-detached, cluster, courtyard, row
type must be included and sufficiently elaborated
• For some typologies of this category (F1, F2, F3) ground level promenades
(covered walkway) on road front can be devised with incentive on FAR
• Specific and separate rules are needed for two separate categories: low hazard
industries and moderate hazard industries
Guidelines for new typologies e.g. multistoried car park, transportation hubs, bus
stoppages, rooftop towers for mobile network etc. are needed
40
MATERIALS, STRUCTURE, CONSTRUCTION AND
SEISMIC PROVISIONS
41
and to formulate a revised Building Materials Code for use in regulating building and
construction activities in both urban and rural areas.
l. Develop a work plan for the revised Building Materials Code and consider and
evaluate the principle of material prescription.
42
f. Study of the development of Construction Industry and the Safety Practices both
home and abroad.
g. Review and upgradation of the Construction Practices and Safety part of the existing
BNBC 1993 and preparation of recommendations for safe practices on the basis of
the above review and in the light of current practice and future trend in the
construction industry.
h. Revision of the provisions in the BNBC 1993 for construction and safety in a manner
to be both applied and at the same time applicable to the industry.
i. Removal of extra and inapplicable provisions from the code and making the code
provisions simple and easily applicable.
j. Exploring for the introduction of Maintenance Management of buildings.
43
k. Exploring for the introduction of retrofitting aspects of existing reinforced concrete
structures to be earthquake resistant.
l. Exploring for the introduction of repair techniques for reinforced concrete and
masonry building structures subjected to earthquake damage.
44
5.2.2 SUBGROUP: STRUCTURE
SENIOR STRUCTURAL ENGINEER 1 – PROF. A.M.M. TAUFIQUL ANWAR
a. Act as Group Leader and maintain liaison with the Team Leader/ Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the group.
c. Assist the Team Leader in preparation of all reports, materials for the workshop and
preparation of the revised draft code.
d. Review of the present approaches in evaluation of loads and review of methods of
structural design adopted in internationally reputed codes, standards etc.
e. Review of research findings available in the form of research papers, dissertations
and reports published by different national and international publishing authorities,
reputed universities or else within the country and outside and evaluation of such for
adoption in the updated code.
f. Identification of areas and fields in load estimation and structural design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
g. Review and revision of general structural design requirements, loads, structural
design for Steel, Steel-Concrete Composite, Aluminum and Reinforced Concrete
Structures.
45
reputed universities or else within the country and outside and evaluation of such for
adoption in the updated code.
c. Identification of areas and fields in load estimation and structural design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
d. Review and revision of provisions for all types of loads in BNBC and addition of new
loads. Recommend modifications for wind loads, particularly modifications necessary
for wind speed map & else.
e. Review and revision of general structural design requirements, loads, structural
design for Steel, Steel-Concrete Composite, Aluminum and Reinforced Concrete
Structures and detailing.
f. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
46
e. Review and revision of general structural design requirements, loads, structural
design for Timber, Bamboo, Masonry and Reinforced Concrete and detailing.
f. Review, revision and inclusion of repair, alteration and retrofitting of structures.
g. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
47
5.2.4 SUBGROUP: EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING
SENIOR EARTHQUAKE ENGINEER – PROF. TAHMEED M. AL-HUSSAINI
a. Act as Subgroup Leader and maintain liaison with the Team & Group Leader/
Coordinator.
b. Guide, supervise and coordinate the works of other professionals in the subgroup.
c. Review of the present methods in evaluation of earthquake loads as well as of
detailing procedures for reinforced concrete and other structures in internationally
reputed codes, standards etc.
d. Review of research findings on seismic design and detailing available in the form of
research papers, dissertations and reports published by different national and
international publishing authorities, reputed universities or else within the country
and outside and evaluation of such for adoption in the updated code.
e. Identification of areas and fields in earthquake load estimation, detailing of
Reinforced Concrete Structures and special provisions for seismic design in BNBC,
1993, which require revision and updating.
f. Revision of the earthquake zoning map of BNBC, 1993.
g. Introduction of retrofitting aspects of existing reinforced concrete structures to be
earthquake resistant.
h. Assist the Group Leader in all related matters.
48
5.3 LIST OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
i. ACI 2004. Detailing Manual, American Concrete Institute, USA, 2004.
ii. ACI 315-99, Manual of structural and placing drawings of reinforced concrete,
American Concrete Institute, USA, 1999.
iii. ACI 315R-04, Details and detailing of concrete reinforcement, American Concrete
Institute, USA, 2004.
iv. ACI 318-02. Building code requirements for structural concrete, American Concrete
Institute, USA, 2002.
v. ACI 318R-02. Building code requirements for structural concrete-Commentary
American Concrete Institute, USA, 2002.
vi. AISC 05 Basic Design Values, American Institute of Steel Construction, USA,
2005.
vii. AISI 2001. North American Specification for the Design of Cold Formed Steel
Structural Members, American Iron and Steel Institute, USA, 2001.
viii. AISC 05. Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges, American
Institute of Steel Construction, USA, 2005.
ix. AISC 05. Seismic provisions for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel
Construction, USA, 2005.
x. AISC 2005. Specification for Structural Steel Buildings, American Institute of Steel
Construction, USA, 2005.
xi. ASCE-48-05. Design of steel transmission pole structures, American Society of Civil
Engineering, USA, 2005.
xii. ASCE-7-02. Minimum Design Loads for buildings and Other Structures, American
Society of Civil Engineering, USA, 2002.
xiii. ASCE-7-05. Minimum Design Loads for buildings and Other Structures, American
Society of Civil Engineering, USA, 2005.
xiv. BNBC 1993. Bangladesh National Building Code, Housing and Building Research
Institute and Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
xv. Pakistan Code 2008. The Building Code of Pakistan, National Housing Authority, Islamabad, Pakistan,
2008.
xvi. EIA/TIA-F. Structural standard for Antenna supporting structures and antennas,
Telecommunications Industry Association, USA.
xvii. EIA-222-G-draft Structural standard for Antenna supporting structures and
antennas, Telecommunications Industry Association, USA.
xviii. Eurocode Parts 0-9. The European Standard, The British Standards Institution 2009.
xix. IBC 2006. International building code, International Code Council, USA, 2006.
xx. IBC 2009. International building code, International Code Council, USA, 2009.
xxi. Japan Code 2009. The Building Standard Law of Japan, The Building Centre of Japan,
Tokyo, Japan, 2009.
49
xxii. NBI 2005. National Building Code of India, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi,
India, 2005.
xxiii. Wind Speed Data for Bangladesh 1948-2009. Bangladesh Meteorological
Department, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
xxiv. EN Standards for Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, The British Standards
Institution (partial).
xxv. ASTM Standards to Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, ASTM International,
100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428-2959 USA
(partial).
xxvi. IS Standards for Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi, India (partial).
xxvii. Bangladesh Standards for Testing and Inspection of Building Materials, Bangladesh
Standards and Testing Institution, Dhaka, Bangladesh (partial).
50
xiii. Undergraduate, Postgraduate dissertations, reports, journal papers, conference
proceedings and individual’s research works (published/unpublished) but suitable
for adoption in the updated code in Bangladesh Context.
The comprehensive NBC 2005 contains 11 Parts some of which are further divided into
Sections totalling 26 chapters. The salient features of the revised NBC include, apart from
other changes made, the changes specially in regard to further enhancing peoples response
to meet the challenges posed by natural calamities and reflecting the state-of-the-art and
contemporary applicable international practices.
The code makes it clear that the manufacturer/supplier shall satisfy himself' that materials
conform to the specifications and if requested shall supply a certificate to that effect to the
purchaser or his representative. List of IS standards includes those relating to all materials
required for building constructions.
51
The construction materials covered by the code include masonry units, timber, reinforcing
and structural steel, plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete, precast and cast-in-situ
flooring materials, sealing and water proofing materials and insulating and facade materials
and materials for all other services required for a building. The code also covers the
materials used in mechanical and electrical works in buildings.
BANGLADESH STANDARDS
Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI) has prepared/adopted specification and
test methods for some building materials. These include clay bricks (including facing bricks.
and hollow bricks); Cement (EU); coarse and fine aggregates from natural sources for
concrete; abrasion characteristics (coarse aggregates), soundness, and sieve analysis of
aggregates; steel bars and wires for reinforcement; and sanitary pipes, pressure pipes;
asbestos sheets for roofing and cladding; steel sheets including galvanised corrugated
sheets: bitumen emulsion: concrete; ceramic wash basins and pedestals; vitreous sanitary
appliances (general requirements and specific requirements for water closets, urinals, foot
rests and squatting pans); cement concrete flooring tiles: hot rolled steel beam, column,
channel and angle sections: bend test on steel tubes; and acid resistant tiles and bricks.
This code is founded on principles intended to establish provisions consistent with the
scope of a building code that adequately protects public health, safety and welfare;
provisions that do not unnecessarily increase construction costs; provisions that do not
restrict the use of new materials, products or methods of construction; and provisions that
do not give preferential treatment to particular types or classes of materials, products or
methods of construction
52
It is apparent from the preliminary review of various documents that specifications and test
methods of building materials are issued separately by relevant national authorities on
standards and materials. Building codes refer to these standards and do not in themselves
contain the details of the material standards.
National Building Code of India provides a list of the Indian Standards, which are available
for most common building materials. For any material not covered by the Indian Standards,
the code permits the use of standards issued by recognized authority.
Similarly, the Building Code of Pakistan refers to relevant Standards adopted by the Pakistan
Standards Institution wherever available. For materials for which Pakistan Standards are not
available, the Code permits the use of relevant standards of ASTM. ANSI, BS, and ISO. In this
way the Code recognizes the limitations of Pakistan Standards.
Presently, standards for building materials issued by Bangladesh Standards and Testing
Institution (BSTI) are not limited in number and scope. Standards have been adopted namely
from ISO and EN for many required building materials.
53
ventilation, accessibility, energy conservation and life safety in regards to new and existing
buildings, facilities and systems.
The IBC 2009 code consists of about 33 chapters of which chapters related to structural
design of buildings and components are Chapter 15 (roof), Chapter 16 (structural design),
Chapter 17 (tests for structural design), Chapter 18 (soil), Chapter 19 (concrete), Chapter 20
(aluminum), Chapter 21 (masonry), Chapter 22 (steel), Chapter 23 (wood) etc. Provisions in
these chapters are mainly related to specifying basic design methodologies (e.g. allowable
stress design or limit state design), minimum gravity and environmental loads, serviceability
limits, material and test specifications etc. Details of the analysis and design procedures of
buildings are not dealt in IBC. Rather it refers other established codes for such procedures.
For example, IBC refers to ACI (American Concrete Institute) code for structural design of
reinforced concrete structures. Similarly for the detailed design procedure of steel
structures, AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction) is referred.
The NBC gives special importance to safe structural design of building which is clear from
the fact that about 33% of its total volume is dedicated to structural design of issues like
minimum design load, design methodology etc. covering concrete, steel, masonry, timber
and bamboo structures. In some cases it directly refers to other Indian standards. For
example, for pre-stressed concrete structures, it directly refers to a separate Indian
Standard called IS-1343.
54
covers the strength evaluation of existing concrete structures. Among the subjects covered
are: drawings and specifications; inspection; materials; durability requirements; concrete
quality, mixing, and placing; formwork; embedded pipes; construction joints; reinforcement
details; analysis and design; strength and serviceability; flexural and axial loads; shear and
torsion; development and splices of reinforcement; slab systems; walls; footings; precast
concrete; composite flexural members; pre-stressed concrete; shells and folded plate
members; strength evaluation of existing structures; provisions for seismic design;
structural plain concrete; strut-and-tie modeling in Appendix A; alternative design
provisions in Appendix B; alternative load and strength reduction factors in Appendix C; and
anchoring to concrete in Appendix D. The quality and testing of materials used in
construction are covered by reference to the appropriate ASTM standard specifications.
Welding of reinforcement is covered by reference to the appropriate AWS standard. ACI 318
fully follows strength based design of reinforced concrete elements. References to service
load analysis is only made in relation of deflection and crack control and other relevant
issues.
Details of Concrete Reinforcement (ACI 315-04): ACI detailing manual ACI 315 is a
complementary code for ACI 318 where standard procedure for detailing of reinforcement
for concrete structures and elements are specified. The 2004 edition of this comprehensive
detailing manual provides answers to many questions from design engineers, architects,
contractors, detailers, and engineering students. It is divided into three sections including
“Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement (ACI 315-99),” “Manual of Engineering and
Placing Drawings for Reinforced Concrete Structures (ACI 315R-04),” and supporting
reference data.
Seismic Design of Punching Shear Reinforcement in Flat Plates (ACI 421-2R-07): During an
earthquake, the unbalanced moments transferred at flat plate column connections can
produce significant shear stresses that increase the vulnerability of these connections to
brittle punching shear failure. This report gives recommendations for designing flat plate-
column connections with sufficient ductility to go through lateral drift without punching
shear failure or loss of moment transfer capacity.
THE CODE OF PRACTICE FOR THE STRUCTURAL USE OF STEEL (HONG KONG, 2005)
The Code of Practice for the Structural Use of Steel published in 2005 by The Government of
the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, gives recommendations for the design of
structural steel buildings and allied structures not specifically covered by other standards
following limit state philosophy. The code has been developed using worldwide best
practice and philosophy from international codes. Particular guidance has been introduced
to the Code to cover high rise building design, composite design, long span structures,
55
stability issues, temporary works in construction, a wide range of steel grades, performance
based design and structural vibration.
Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 341-05): This ANSI-approved
specification is a companion to the Specification for Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC
360-05) that extends coverage to the connection detailing and member design
requirements for structural steel and composite structural steel and reinforced concrete
systems in high-seismic applications. This new standard, dated March 9, 2005, replaces and
updates the 2002 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings as well as incorporating
provisions for two new systems: buckling-restrained braced frames and special plate shear
walls.
Prequalified Connections for Special and Intermediate Steel Moment Frames for Seismic
Applications (ANSI/AISC 358-05): This standard has been developed by the AISC Connection
Prequalification Review Panel in accordance with Appendix P of the Seismic Provisions for
Structural Steel Buildings (ANSI/AISC 341-05). The connections have been prequalified for
use in special and intermediate steel moment frames, without the need for additional
testing. The standard currently addresses three types of connections - the reduced beam
section (RBS) connection, the bolted unstiffened extended end plate (BUEP) connection, and
the bolted stiffened extended end plate (BSEP) connection.
EGYPTIAN CODE OF PRACTICE FOR STEEL CONSTRUCTION AND BRIDGES (ASD, 2001)
This code of practice provides the generally applicable requirements for the design and
construction of structural steel buildings and other structures following the allowable stress
design method. It covers all the basic design methodology of common structural
56
components beams, columns, connections including bridges as well as topics like fatigue,
composite sections, cold formed sections, inspection and maintenance etc. all relavant to
steel buildings as well as bridges.
Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7 – 05) : The new ASCE
Standard 7-05 Standard provides requirements for general structural design and includes
means for determining dead, live, soil, flood, wind, snow, rain, atmospheric ice, and
57
earthquake loads, and their combinations that are suitable for inclusion in building codes
and other documents. A detailed commentary containing explanatory and supplementary
information to assist users of ASCE 7-05 is included.
This ASCE 7-05 edition is a complete revision of ASCE 7-02. The new Standard includes
revised and significantly reorganized provisions for seismic design of structures, as well as
revisions in the provisions for determining live, flood, wind, snow, and atmospheric ice
loads. The earthquake load provisions in ASCE 7-05 are substantially adopted by reference
in the 2006 International Building Code and the 2006 NFPA 5000 Building Construction and
Safety Code. Numerous other provisions of all other ASCE 7-05 sections are also adopted by
reference by both model building codes including the provisions for calculating wind loads
and snow loads. Structural engineers, architects, and those engaged in preparing and
administering local building codes will find the structural load requirements essential to
their practice.
Design of Latticed Steel Transmission Structures (ASCE 10-97): This standard, provides
requirements for the design of guyed and self-supporting latticed steel electrical
transmission structures. They are applicable for hot-rolled and cold-formed steel shapes.
Analysis techniques are outlined for the geometrical configurations presently in use.
Procedures for the design of individual members reflect extensive experience and test data
on steels with yield points up to 65 ksi. Connection design procedures allow the engineer to
match connection capability to the most suitable end and edge distances for detailing. If full
scale structure testing is required procedures are outlined to assist in obtaining critical
information. Design procedures cover structural steel members and connections used in
foundations. The commentary provides supporting background data.
58
Another observation of BNBC 1993 was its inclusion of concrete materials in the structural
design (part-6) section. So, in the revision it is suggested to describe all structural materials
in the separate chapter on ‘Materials’ in part-5 of the code.
Further three new chapters on bamboo structure, steel concrete composite structure and
repair & retrofitting of concrete structures are proposed.
Steel concrete composite structure is another important topic that needs to be included in
the revised version of BNBC. Possibility of its inclusion will be investigated.
Repair and retrofitting concrete structure had been left out of BNBC 1993. But recently,
damages in concrete buildings are quite common. So, guidelines for appropriate repair
methods should be included in the revised code. Several structural deficiencies are also
common in different concrete structures. Specially, to improve performance of existing
buildings under earth quake loading some retrofitting measures may be needed. So, this
topic is also proposed to be included in the code update.
Structural Engineering aspects are mostly discussed in Part 6 of the code. Part 6 of BNBC
1993 contains twelve chapters. It covers nearly all the important aspects of structural
design. As its revision is now undertaken in 2010, some new chapters are proposed for
inclusion. It is decided to keep the original get up of the chapters in this part as far as
possible. In this respect the basic title and contents of each chapter should preferably be
kept in line with the original document (BNBC 1993). However, as it appears that Chapter 5
“Concrete Material” should be transferred to Part 5 Materials, so change in the names of
chapters following chapter 5 is expected. In order to minimize such changes, chapter 4
(Masonry Structures) is shifted to 5th place and a new chapter on Bamboo Structures is
placed as chapter 4. This will retain all the chapters from 6 to 12 in their original positions.
Now the tentative structure of Part 6 of the Revised Code are briefly described below along
with major changes proposed -
59
CHAPTER 2 LOADS
It has few inclusions like Loads due to Tsunami, Fire, Impacts and Collisions, Creep and
Shrinkage, Dynamic Loads due to vibrations, Moving Loads for Crane Movement and Fatigue.
Another new article on special combinations for Buildings with soft storey has been
proposed.
CHAPTER 3 FOUNDATION
Structure of this chapter is discussed in Chapter 6 of the present report.
60
A few inclusion proposed are Shape Selection, Minimum Temperature and Shrinkage
Reinforcement, Partial Prestressing, Crack Control and Fire Protection.
61
connecting two buildings are addressed in Section 3104. Membrane and air-supported
structures are addressed in Section 3102. Safeguards for swimming pool safety are found in
Section 3109. Standards for temporary structures, including permit requirements are
provided in Section 3103. Structures as varied as awnings, marquees, signs,
telecommunication and broadcast towers and automatic vehicular gates are also addressed
in Sections 3105 through 3108 and 3110.
Chapter 32 Encroachments into the Public Right-of-way: Buildings and structures are
designed to extend over a property line and into the public right-of-way. Local regulations
outside of the building code usually set limits to such encroachments, and such regulations
take precedence over the provisions of this chapter. Standards are provided for
encroachments below grade for structural support, vaults and areaways. Encroachments
above grade are divided into below 8 feet, 8 feet to 15 feet, and above 15 feet, because of
headroom and vehicular height issues. This includes steps, columns, awnings, canopies,
marquees, signs, windows, balconies. Similar architectural features above grade are also
addressed. Pedestrian walkways are required to comply with Chapter 31.
OTHER CODES
Part 5 of the Building Code of Pakistan deals with "Construction Safety Measures". The code
draws extensively from relevant sections of the Indian Code and many requirements of the
two codes match.
62
Article 30 of the BOCA National Building Code of the USA. "Precautions During Building
Operations" is fairly comprehensive. A useful section on Scaffolds containing a table of
required live load capacity of scaffolds is included in this code.
This Part of the Bangladesh National Building Code 1993 presents a comprehensive
treatment of the issue of construction practices and safety. The part is organized into four
sections. viz (i) Constructional Responsibilities and Practices. (2) Storage, Stacking and
Handling Practices. (3) Safety During Construction (4) Demolition Work.
Planning the various constructional operations before hand and making adequate
arrangements for procurement and storage of materials, and the machinery to get the work
done is as important as carrying out these constructional operations in accordance with
good practice. Lack of planning or defective planning may result in avoidable delay in the
completion of work and consequently increased hazards from the point of view of fire,
health and structural soundness.
63
The requirement of this part is that it will address safety aspects of personnel, property and
equipment during construction and demolition operations.
Basic structure of this part of the Code shall be as in the existing code, i.e.
5.8.1 GENERAL
As a general rule, building codes have developed based on consensus principle through a
net work of various technical committees on different subjects. Such committee comprises
representatives from Research and Development Organizations, Consumers, Industry,
Testing Labs and Govt. Organizations etc.
Earthquake resistant design was first introduced as an Indian Standard through the
publication of IS 1893 “Recommendations for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures in
1962” which was then revised in 1966. As a result of additional seismic data collected in
India and accumulation of further knowledge and experience, the standard was revised in
1970, 1975 and then in 1984 which is known as IS 1893:1984 “Criteria for Earthquake
Resistant Design of Structures”.
64
One of the major changes in the Indian National Building Code of 2005 is the inclusion of
the latest version of earthquake resistant design IS 1893 (Part 1):2002. IS 1893 (Part 1):2002
covers general principles and design criteria, combinations, design spectrum, main
attributes of buildings, dynamic analysis and design procedures, seismic zoning map and
seismic coefficients of important towns, map showing epicenters, map showing tectonic
features and lithological map of India. Following are the major and important modifications
made in this revision of IS 1893:2002 (compared to previous version):
• The seismic zone map is revised with only four zones, instead of five. Zone I of previous
map has been merged with Zone II and hence the present code has only Zones II, III, IV
and V. Parts of Eastern coast area is enhanced from Zone II to Zone III and connected
with Zone III of Godavari Graben area.
• This revision adopts the procedure of first calculating the actual force that may be
experienced by the structure during the probable maximum earthquake, if it were to
remain elastic. Then the concept of response reduction due to ductile deformation or
frictional energy dissipation in the cracks is brought into the code explicitly, by
introducing the response reduction factor ‘R’ in place of the earlier performance factor.
The value of R varies significantly depending on building structure types.
• The values of seismic zone factors have been changed; these now reflect more realistic
values of effective peak ground acceleration considering Maximum Considered
Earthquake (MCE) and service life of structure in each seismic zone.
• Response acceleration spectra are now specified for three types of founding strata viz.
Hard, Medium and Soft.
• The empirical formula for calculating fundamental natural period T=0.1n for moment
resisting frames without bracing or shear walls is replaced with Ta=0.075h0.075 for RC
framed buildings. This formula applies to bare frames e.g. in industrial plant buildings.
The formula for framed buildings with in-filled masonry walls is Ta = 0.09h/d0.5 where h
and d are the height and base dimension of the building along the considered direction
of earthquake.
• Accidental torsion is introduced.
• Irregularities of building shapes in plan and in elevation (including soft-storey buildings)
are defined and taken into consideration in design.
• More load combinations are required.
• A clause has been introduced to restrict the use of foundations vulnerable to differential
settlements in severe seismic zones
• The change in earthquake resistant design provisions of IS 1893 has resulted in an
increase of seismic loadings in moment frame buildings, the increase is more for
ordinary RC moment resisting frame (OMRF) buildings.
• New zoning factor Z introduced represents the effective peak ground acceleration to be
considered for design. Z values are given as 0.1, 0.16, 0.24 and 0.36 for zones II, III, IV
and V respectively.
• Increase in structure forces due to building irregularity such as soft storey has been
quantified.
65
US CODE 2009
IBC 2009 defines six design categories (SDC): A, B, C, D, E and F. It also defines four
occupancy categories: I, II, III and IV. To relate the SDC and the occupancy category, the
design spectral acceleration coefficient SDS and SD1 are used, which are obtained from
contour maps of maximum considered earthquake spectral response accelerations SS, S1 at
short and 1 sec periods respectively and multiplying them with site coefficient Fa and Fv and
a factor of two thirds. Site coefficients depend on soil type as well as SS, S1. Site classes are
also termed as A to F which are different from SDCs. Design Acceleration Response
Spectrum Sa is calculated from SDS and SD1 and time period of the structure. SDC is
determined on the basis of SDS and SD1 as well as occupancy category. The equivalent lateral
force is calculated by multiplying effective weight of structure by seismic response
coefficient CS which depends on SDS, occupancy importance factor and response
modification factor R, values of which are also tabulated. The method is quite complicated
and requires contour maps of SS, S1 which are tabulated for USA only.
The structural provisions given in IBC 2009 rely heavily on referenced standards, especially
the Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Structures published by the American Society
of Civil Engineers (ASCE-7). The latest version ASCE/7SEI-05 published in 2006 contains a
number of chapters related to seismic provisions.
IBC 2009 also refers strongly to American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code 318-08 which gives
the procedure for design and detailing of structures subjected to earthquake loads but does
not address the calculation of seismic forces. Recent ACI Code (ACI 318-08) includes
updated provisions of Earthquake Resistant Structures. Chapter 21 contains requirements
for design and construction of reinforced concrete members of a structure for which the
design forces, related to earthquake motions, have been determined on the basis of energy
dissipation in the nonlinear range of response. This chapter contains provisions considered
to be the minimum requirements for a cast-in-place or precast concrete structure capable
of sustaining a series of oscillations into the inelastic range of response without critical
deterioration in strength.
66
changes in building code introduced at that time in major international building codes.
BNBC93 has incorporated many of the seismic design provisions of Uniform Building Code
1991 (UBC91) and American Concrete Institute (ACI) Code 3128. As a result BNBC93 had
been a much improved seismic design code compared to the Indian earthquake resistant
design provisions IS 1893:1984 prevalent at that time. BNBC93 introduced a zoning map
along with the concept of zone factor Z representing the peak ground acceleration and a
response reduction factor R. BNBC93 specified response spectrum analysis procedures for
four types of soils, and provided detailed structural design procedures for buildings.
In BNBC93, the following articles of Part 6 (Structural Design) are related to seismic design
and will be evaluated and modified in light of current international standard building codes.
67
liquefaction possibility of site. Changes will also take place in other sections of Part 6 such
as combinations of loads (Sec.2.7), foundation (Chapter 3), earthquake resistant design for
reinforced masonry buildings (Sec 5.8), special seismic design provisions for reinforcement
detailing of reinforced concrete buildings (Sec.8.3), seismic design provisions for steel
buildings (Chapter 10). Retrofitting techniques for improving seismic resistant design of
existing buildings may be addressed in chapter 14.
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GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING
6.1 TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE GROUP
a. Review of the Soils and Foundations/Foundation/Geotechnical Section of different
codes.
b. Review of the Bangladesh National Building Code (1993).
c. Review of existing Geotechnical Practice of Building and Structures in Bangladesh.
d. Extensive discussions with geotechnical academics, experts, professionals of this
country to determine the various needs and problems of geotechnical practice in
Bangladesh.
e. Determination of the necessity to extend the scope of the existing code.
f. Determination of the necessity to add further details in the relevant sections and
sub-sections of the existing codes.
g. Determination of the necessity to delete irrelevant/redundant parts of the existing
codes.
Professor Dr. Syed Fakhrul Ameen: Design of Foundations and Foundation Construction
Professor Dr. Mohammed Kabirul Islam: Foundations on Sanitary Landfill, Slope Stability and
ground water contamination
Professor Dr. Md. Shariful Islam: Liquefaction Potential Analyses and Ground Improvement
69
iv. Eurocode 7: Geotechnical Design: Part 1, 2 and 3.
v. Japanese Code
• AASHTO
The Soils and Foundations Section of the National Building Code of India comprises of 14
sections. These sections primarily deal with soil investigations, classification of soils and
materials; design of shallow and deep foundations; and ground improvement. Sections are
also divided into subsections, sub-subsections and sometimes further into sub-sub-
subsections. In addition there is an annexure section with 9 sub-sections which provides
details regarding various computations that are necessary for foundation analysis and
design. The large number of hierarchy in the divisions and sections were found to be
tedious and difficult to follow. On the other hand, scope layout and extent and presentation
method of this code is possibly more suited for professionals of Bangladesh who do not
have ready access to variety of references and information as well as because of the
coverage of the material is relevant to the professional practice in this country.
The Soils and Foundation Section of the International Building Code of 2009 (IBC 2009)
comprises of 10 sections. These sections primarily deal with soil investigations, Presumptive
load bearing value of soils, design of shallow and deep foundations. In addition to these,
this document contains sections on Excavation, Grading and Fill; Damp proofing and water
proofing; Foundation Walls, Retaining Walls and Embedded Post and Poles. Sections are also
divided into subsections, sub-subsections and sometimes further into sub-sub-
subsections. Even there is section division beyond the sub-sub-subsection level. The large
number of hierarchy in the divisions and sections were found to be tedious and difficult to
follow. The IBC 2009 Soils and Foundation Section detail in descriptive fashion, the design
and other relevant topics of Soils and Foundations. It frequently refers to other parts,
chapters and sections of IBC 2009 for necessary details. It is difficult for professionals of
Bangladesh who do not have ready access to variety of references and information sources
to follow such a code. The scope, layout and extent and presentation method of this code is
possibly not convenient for professionals of Bangladesh.
70
The Geotechnical Design Part of the Eurocode 7 consists of three sections which are as
follows:
• General Rules
• Ground Investigations and Testing
• Design Assisted by Field Testing
Each of these sections deals in extensive detail all issues regarding geotechnical
engineering. The general rules has 12 sub-sections and deals with geotechnical design,
different types of shallow and deep foundations, retaining structures and embankments. It
also deals with provisions for fill, dewatering, ground improvement and reinforcement,
anchorages as well as supervision of construction, monitoring and maintenance. Besides, it
has 9 annexure which provides information and sample methods for methods and
procedure for computing various geotechnical design related values.
The Ground Investigation and Testing part has 6 sections and 24 annexure. It deals with
planning of ground investigations, sampling and ground water measurements, field and
laboratory tests, and ground investigation report. The annexure give details of different field
and laboratory tests.
Design Assisted by field testing part of Eurocode 7 has 14 sections and 26 annexure. It
starts with planning of site investigation and then sections 3 to 11 gives details of different
types of field tests. Sections 12 and 13 deal with sampling on soil and rocks while section
14 deals with ground water measurements.
It appears that Eurocode 7 is an extensive and modern code. However, many of the details
described in this code are still not prevalent in the professional geotechnical practices of
Bangladesh. Certain sections such as supervision of construction, embankments, hydraulic
failure, and details of relevant field and laboratory tests may be appropriate from the
perspective of Bangladesh.
It has been proposed to add several new sections to the existing code. This is done taking into
account both the development of geotechnical engineering practices as a whole throughout
the world as well as nationally.
71
The name of the existing Chapter 3 entitled as “Foundation” in BNBC 1993 has been
proposed to be revised as Chapter 3 entitled as “Soils and Foundations”.
The following sections have been proposed to be added in the draft table of contents of the
revised code.
i. Geotextiles
ii. Foundation on Problematic Soils
iii. Foundation on Sanitary Landfills
iv. Retaining Walls
v. Embankments
vi. Hydraulic Fills
vii. Ground Improvement
viii. Soil Reinforcement
ix. Slope Stability
x. Supervision of Construction, Monitoring and Maintenance.
xi. Dewatering
xii. Liquefaction Potential of a Site
Sub-sections and sub sub-sections will be added to the above new sections as necessary.
It has also been proposed to substantially extend the appendix section of the existing code.
The following items may be included in the revised appendices.
Some revisions are also proposed to the designation and nomenclature of certain sections
as follows:
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6.7 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE RELEVANT PART OF THE CODE
The structure of the Foundations part of the existing code (BNBC, 1993) was reviewed. It
was observed that in the current code, the Foundations part is divided into 13 major
sections, some of which are divided into sub-sections, and some further into sub sub-
sections. The code also contains 1 appendix, 6 tables and one figure. In the revised code, no
fundamental change in the structure of the present code is proposed. However, it has been
proposed to modify and revise some of the sections, adding or deleting sub-sections and
sub sub-sections. Besides a thorough review of of the Soils and Foundations Section of the
National Building Code of India (PART 6 STRUCTURAL DESIGN), Soils and Foundations
Section of International Building Code (IBC, 2009) and Geotechnical Design part of Eurocode
7 was carried out. It appeared from the review that it is necessary to add new sections to the
BNBC. Accordingly some new sections consisting of geotechnical issues relevant to
geotechnical profession and practices in Bangladesh have been incorporated in the tentative
table of contents of the revised code. These sections will address important geotechnical
topics such as ground improvement, geotextiles, soil reinforcement, slope stability,
foundation on problematic soils, foundation on sanitary landfill, dewatering, retaining walls,
embankments, hydraulic fill, liquefaction potential of a site and supervision of construction,
monitoring and maintenance. In light of the other codes, it is proposed to significantly
increase the appendix section incorporating sample calculations and details of important
geotechnical analysis and design procedures. This has been shown on the tentative table of
contents.
It is also proposed to add a section concerning Geohazards related to earthquakes and soil
contamination by pollutants and landfills in view of the importance of this issue for
Bangladesh.
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BUILDING SERVICES
7.1 FIRE PROTECTION
74
xii. Jamaica: International Fire Code, Jamaica
xiii. Japan: Fire Service Law, Japan
xiv. Maldives: The Building Regulations, 2007: Maldives National Building Code
xv. New Zealand Fire Services
xvi. New Zealand Building Rules
xvii. Philippines: Fire Code of the Philippines
xviii. Scotland: Fire Safety in Scotland
xix. Singapore: National Fire Code, Singapore
xx. South Africa: Fire Safety, South Africa
xxi. UK: Fire Protection Act, 1971
xxii. UK: Fire Safety Codes, UK
xxiii. UK: The Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005
xxiv. UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme), Handbook for the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. Seventh edition, 2006; ref.
ban on use of Halons, CO2, etc
xxv. USA: AISC Specification for steel buildings 2005: B. Design Requirements, 10. Design
for Fire Conditions
xxvi. USA: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2000
xxvii. USA: International Building Code, 2009: International Fire Code
75
7.1.5 REVIEW OF THE BNBC 1993
a) The code (BNBC, 1993) should be revised and updated to make the code user
friendly and up-to-date with international standards
b) The code should be incorporated with building architecture for fire safety
i) Compartmentation issue has to be addressed
ii) Encasement of staircase should be made mandatory above a certain height
iii) Building depth should be controlled
iv) Accessibility into building should be ensured for fire-fighting
v) Optimum number of users, floor area and number of stories for a single staircase
should be redefined
vi) Separation of lift lobby and stair landing should be ensured
vii) Location of transformer in buildings (presently hampering escape)
c) Means of Escape needs to be redefined
7.2.1 GENERAL
BNBC 1993 was the first building code of Bangladesh. This was the collective effort of a
number of Bangladeshi experts/professionals working in the relevant fields. The code was
ratified by the National Assembly in the year 2005.
Chapter-3 : Air Conditioning, Heating and Ventilating and Chapter-5 : Lift, Escalator and
Moving Walks of Part-8 of this building were written to provide basic data and information
to keep provisions in the building for effective installation of the services. A collection of
local environmental data and safety requirements are also included in these chapters for
effective designing of systems by engineers/professionals.
BNBC 1993 was based on information and data collected by reviewing a number of
international codes and local technical information.
There has been a number of advancements in technology and materials which make it
absolute necessary to revise the code to make it compatible with the present day
76
requirements. Moreover, certain technologies have become obsolete and need not be part of
the updated code.
a) Scrutinize relevant sections of the code to determine its shortcomings which need
changes or modifications.
b) Collection of relevant information from other international codes to insert in the
revised code.
c) Addition of more information required as per present day technological information.
d) Organize and write the code to make it user friendly.
e) Provide guidelines for engineers/building users/inspectors to check whether the
building services are kept as per requirements of the code, specially in the absence
of any specific mechanical or electrical or special codes.
77
7.2.5 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
There have been substantial changes in environmental conditions, technological advances,
requirements of users. All these have prompted changes in relevant codes of standard in all
international codes.
A review of codes has indicated that there have been new additions in codes viz. variable
refrigeration systems in HVAC applications, variable voltage, variable frequency drives in
elevator applications.
• Additional items shall be included, viz. variable refrigerant flow, variable refrigerant
volume, chillers, heat recovery units, primary pumps, secondary pumps, global
warming potential etc.
• This section may be rewritten with proper emphasis for methodology for designing
buildings with lower energy consumption for HVAC system.
• This section may be further detailed to cover a broader group/class of spaces. Data
for winter design conditions may also be included.
• Meteorological data for the last ten years for different districts may be collected and
analyzed to provide a table for outside design conditions for different districts/zones
of Bangladesh.
• This section shall be reviewed to cover all types of areas/uses separately, especially
with respect to the present level of outdoor air qualities in different zones. Table
8.3.3 may be detailed to cover all the areas/uses separately.
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Section 3.3.3.4: Noise Control
• This section may be detailed/revised to protect buildings from noise pollution due to
air conditioning machineries from adjoining buildings.
• This section may be elaborated. Descriptions on earth quake restraint supports for
ducts, pipes, machinery/equipment etc. shall be included.
• This section shall be reviewed and rewritten to cover all the requirements of NFPA.
• This section may further be detailed to provide adequate data on different filtration
systems to cover a wide range of different applications.
• This section shall be revised with addition of data of refrigerants which are presently
used in the refrigeration systems or other applications. A table will also be provided
to include general data on toxicity levels and adverse effects on environment.
• Additional terminologies, viz. gearless drive, traction drive, variable voltage variable
frequency drive etc. shall be included.
79
Section 5.2.13: Standby Power
• This section shall be elaborated to cover considerations with respect to design and
construction.
• This section shall be detailed to cover all the safety features to be considered during
design and construction of the building. An annexure may be provided with
adequate data to calculate the overhead height and pit depth.
• Table 8.5.2 may be rearranged to cover data for all types of buffers and accessories.
• This section shall be reviewed to cover all the safety concerns of lift installations.
• This section shall be further elaborated. Tables 8.5.3, 8.5.4 and 8.5.5 shall be
rearranged and detailed for easy data handling by users.
• Separate tables may be included for calculation of average round trip time (T) of
different lifts. An example may be included as an annexure to facilitate designer in
selecting proper lift.
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7.2.7 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF RELEVANT PART
CHAPTER: AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING AND VENTILATING
• Section-1: This section will cover terminology, scope of code, application field and
other general provisions of the code.
• Section-2: This section will cover building architectural & structural design criteria
with respect to HVAC needs and to cater safety & space needs of the building.
• Section-3: This section will provide design methodology, design data for the HVAC
system and mechanical ventilation systems for the local environmental conditions.
Data on safety needs and other technical data for international conformity will also
be included. This section will also cover energy conservation requirements and data
for design of energy efficient HVAC system.
• Section-4: This section will cover state of the art description of HVAC
equipment/machinery at present in use in this field.
• Section-5: This section will cover details of inspection, testing, commissioning,
operation and maintenance of HVAC and Mechanical Ventilation systems.
81
d. methods of circuit wiring, methods of Sub-distribution wiring
e. methods of Distribution wiring
f. methods of earthing / grounding for buildings
g. methods of earthing / grounding for substations
h. methods of earthing / grounding for Lightning Protection System
i. design of a substation for various types of buildings
j. choosing appropriate types of substation equipment
k. choosing appropriate types of cables for various applications
l. lightning protection system
m. fire alarm system
n. telecommunications networks inside buildings
o. data Communications / Internet connection inside buildings
p. electrical distribution system of shopping malls
q. electrical distribution system for apartment buildings, load
r. electrical distribution system of High Rise Buildings
A number of topics / items have been identified for revisions/ modifications/ additions.
82
7.3.3 LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE COLLECTED
i. National Electrical Code of USA
ii. IEE wiring Regulation (17th edition) BS: 7671 2008 including all parts
iii. Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings, 10th Edition, Benjamin Stein, John
S. Reynolds, Walter T. Grondzik , Alison G. Kwok, Wiley; 10 edition (November 18,
2005), ISBN-10: 0471465917, ISBN-13: 978-0471465911
iv. Standard Handbook of Electrical Engineering 15ed By Donald G. Fink and H. Wayne
Beaty, ISBN: 0071441468, McGraw-Hill
v. Draka Cables and Tables Handbook
vi. Bangladesh Electricity Act
vii. BIP 2109:2008 The Design, Installation, Commissioning and Maintenance of Fire
Detection and Fire Alarm Systems: A Guide to BS 5839-1 (3rd edition) September
2008 Colin S Todd
1.1 Scope
Principle of lighting and illumination should be updated in accordance with recent standards
and practices. For example, the principle of using energy saving lights should be taken into
consideration.
83
A new section titled as “Principles of Lighting” is required to be added where detailed
description on aims of good lighting, planning the brightness pattern, glare, lighting for
movement about a building, corridors, passages and stairways, and entrances will be
provided.
1.2 Terminology
Different new terminologies are missing and some of the existing terminologies need to be
clarified. There are plenty of scopes for contribution in this section depending on recent
advancement in electrical lighting and fittings. For example, new terms, such as color
temperature, DST, CFL should be included. Different illumination levels are either missing or
should be modified.
1.3 Illumination
Comments should be added about the illumination of CFL heights. Tables 8.1.5 through
8.1.11 need item-wise detailed revision.
Topics like daylighting, artificial lighting, aims of good lighting, energy conservation in
lighting have to be covered in detail.
Comment should be made for fire emergency, such as the exit sign should always be in
such height that it is visible and even in case of power shut down. Revision is required in
cleaning schedule for window panes and luminaires.
New terms should be included (Flameproof Enclosure, Data Cable for internet etc.)
2.1 General
Several new additions and inclusions, revisions of comments, limits and ranges should be
made.
2.2 Terminology
Different new terminologies are missing and some of the existing terminologies need to be
clarified. For example, new symbols need to be included in Table 8.2.1 (P. 8-18).
84
2.3 Fittings and Accessories
Details regarding some new fittings and corresponding accessories are missing. also
modifications are required for some existing fittings. Table 8.2.2 should be revised for
number of socket outlets. Air Condition should be considered as a possible appliance and
comment should be made on this.
Table 8.2.5 should be revised to give a better estimation for domestic and non-domestic
installation (1KW load for each three-pin socket seems unpractical).
Kitchen lighting and office (Corporate) lighting should be discussed. Provision for data
cable, TV cable, emergency generator cable, IPS/UPS supply cable should be properly made.
Remarks for “channels” as a separate conduit path should be made.
Provision for a PFI plant for Apartment Buildings/Shopping Malls need to be codified. Table
8.2.8 need to be revised as sub-station and transformer room has to be bigger. The noise
and other pollution for the emergency generator should be specified in 2.6.4.2 (P. 8-24).
Should include pre-paid energy meter option.
Table 8.2.10 needs to be revised and corrected accordingly. Design of main switch and
switchboards has to be revised.
2.8 Earthing
The whole section should be revised and rewritten where needed. Significant additions and
modifications are significantly required in this section. Some of the key points to be
modified in this section are as follows:
a. Three main components are described while a major component Earth Clamps is
missing. A removable link which effectively disconnects the neutral bar from the
earth bar is missing.
b. Earth conductors: Instead of bare copper, an equivalent cable should be specified.
c. Instead of single pipe, multiple pipes should be recommended.
d. Instead of ground water level, a minimum height should be specified. Also a target
resistance should be clearly specified.
e. Equipment and portions of installations which shall be earthed should be included
85
f. Detail on Neutral Earthing is missing
g. Earthing systems, such as TN, TT, and IT are missing.
h. Earthing methods and corresponding figures should be revised (Pipe earthing and
plate earthing)
Calculation for evaluating the need for protection and estimation of exposure risk are
missing. Updating required in Table 8.2.13. Geographical data/map indicating average
yearly thunderstorm can be added.
Public address system, UPS system, Inverter, diesel generating set (<5 KVA), computer
networking, internet connections, security system, car-park management.
Several inconsistencies in pipe specifications are found and corrections are required in Fig.
8.2.1 and 8.2.2. Delivery of complete drawings (diagrams for wiring, network clearly
showing all possible corrections) is essential. Additional protection circuits should be
incorporated.
NEW ADDITIONS
The following general additions are recommended to be included in the code.
a. For kitchen illumination, electrical wiring should be redesigned (e.g., sink to power
point clearance).
b. Toilet circuitry should be redesigned.
c. Industry wiring needs to be added.
d. Wiring and electrical installation for hazardous building/installation/industry.
e. Application of oil-type and dry-type transformer.
f. Electrical installations for mining area.
g. Application of energy saving lamps, Fluorescent lamp, GLS lamps.
h. High bay lighting (e.g., steel mills).
i. Light fittings in wire houses (ballast may burn).
j. Shopping complex and high rise apartment: Design of distribution board.
k. Along with telecommunication circuits, we should now specify design for internet
cables which require special specifications.
l. Options for solar panel.
m. Audio-video conferencing.
86
n. Wireless control for home automation, car parking.
o. Low voltage protection requires (i) missing ampere ratings and (ii) revision of circuit
level protection.
p. Substation detailing needs to be reviewed.
q. Recommended fan sizes in rooms. For example, 1442mm corresponds to 57 inch,
while standard should be 56 inch. (Table 8.2.4, page 8.20)
r. Correction in detail illustration: Layout and Installation Drawings. Specifications:
240V, 2m apart should be updated. (Section 2.5.3, page 8.21)
s. Provision for Standby Supply:
t. Area required for transformer room and substation for different capacities
u. Correction needed in all room areas. It should be mentioned as “minimum” area and
the specified areas are much lower than the standard requirements.
v. Tables 8.2.8 and 8.2.9 need revision.
w. Addition: Change over switch either operated centrally or individually need to be
considered.
Chapter 2 discusses the Electrical Installation. Topics included are terminology, fittings and
accessories, load estimation, circuit wiring in a building, substation in a building,
distribution of supply and cabling, earthing, lightning protection, telecommunication and
miscellaneous services and inspection and testing. The following sub-sections to be
included:
Other than theses inclusions, there will be a major overhaul of the complete code to the
finest detail regarding the electrical equipment and their safe operations.
87
7.4 FUEL AND GAS SUPPLY
followings:
a. Comments and suggestions made by the users of BNBC-1993 on this chapter within
Bangladesh.
b. Examining this chapter with similar chapters of other codes such as National Building
Code of India-2005, Euro Codes: 2003, International Building Code: 2009, US Codes
etc. with latest issues.
c. Examining this chapter in the light of
• NFPA 58-2008 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code
• NFPA 54 – National Fuel Gas Code, 2009 Edn.
• 2009 – International Fuel Gas Code (R)
d. Revised rules and regulations of the Gas Transmission and Distribution Companies
of Bangladesh (Titas, Bakhrabad, Jalalabad, Pashchimanchal, RPGCL) for use of
natural gas and LPG inside consumer’s premise.
88
7.4.4 PRELIMINARY REVIEW OF COLLECTED DOCUMENTS
National Building Code of India-2005 includes a separate section on fuel gas supply while
other codes such as Euro-Codes 2003, International Building Code 2009 plus national codes
of countries like Australia etc. do not have a separate section on fuel gas supply and have
suggested the use of respective National Gas Codes or International Fuel Gas Codes.
National Building Code of India has adopted the relevant sections or clauses of National Fuel
Gas Code of USA with little or no change. In respect of maximum working pressure for
piping system, the gas pressure is 2.1 kPa for domestic consumers and 10kPa, 30kPa, 200
kPa for commercial consumers while the main distribution source is at 400 kPa and the
maximum operating pressure for domestic use as per BNBC-93 is 3.45 kPa.
The section on the use LPG has been revised but content wise consistent with BNBC-93.
When this chapter was prepared, the requirements of National Fuel Gas Code of ANSI (1974
edition) and NFPA 58-1989 of USA were incorporated for use. At the same time, rules and
regulations of the local gas companies were also incorporated and these companies had
their rules and regulations based on National Fuel Gas Code of ANSI (1974 edition) and
NFPA 58 of USA.
89
b) review of the articles, information, data etc. to be modified, included in the BNBC or
omitted from it as required .
c) Collection and reviewing national and international documents relevant of the
subjects concerned.
d) Prepare inception report on updating approaches.
e) Prepare the draft copy of concerned part of BNBC.
f) Finalize the concerned part of updated BNBC.
This code is an exclusive code on Plumbing which was revealed first in February 2003 and
its 7th printing made in February 2006. This code has covered almost all aspects of
plumbing. The special aspects those have been covered here but not in BNBC93 are codes
regarding Indirect Special Wastes and Storage of plumbing materials. Considering our socio-
90
economic condition we may not consider the provisions for indirect or special wastes.
Storage of plumbing material may be included partially for the safety and economy point of
views.
In this code many plumbing fixtures and items have been included which might be found in
our perspective to be more ambitious or very limited. So adoption of code regarding those
items might make little sense.
This code will be very helpful in providing guidelines for determination of sizes of pipes and
plumbing appliances very precisely.
National Building Code of India 2005 has furnished materials covering all aspects building
development which is still effective. In this code Water supply, Drainage and Sanitation have
been covered in Part 9 as Plumbing Services. In these chapters Solid Waste Management has
also been included.
From the technological advancement points of view the relevant codes are close to our
existing codes with little exceptions. The water demand for buildings and requirement of
plumbing fixtures provided herein are found to be adaptive in our perspective with very little
modifications where necessary. The plumbing figures furnished in the chapters are found to
be very effective for understanding. The refuse Chute System for solid waste management
found to be inadequate.
In the present context the concerned chapters of BNBC 93 have now been found to be out
dated due to absence of guide lines regarding new products, methodologies and systems
that have been adopted in various international codes of practices.
After having the preliminary review it has been decided that following modifications,
omissions and new inclusions may be made in the concerned chapters.
91
CHAPTER 6: WATER SUPPLY:
A. Modifications.
Section 6.3: Permit for water connection from water supply authority should be more
specific and procedure should be simple as present practice adopted by City Corporations
and Municipalities.
Section 6.4: Qualification and experience for obtaining plumbing license should be more
specific.
Section 6.5: Water requirement for domestic uses may be modified/ classified on the basis
of socio- economic status. Moreover, various other water consumptions like in gardening,
car washing, laundry etc. may be incorporated.
Section 6.7: Capacity of roof storage tank and ground or underground storage tanks may be
based on more details data and specific code.
Section 6.8: Design of distribution system should be made more elaborate and detailed.
Section 6.9: For protection against any possible contamination, color coding of non potable
water may be made more definite.
Section 6.10.1: Guidelines regarding installation of pressure reducing valves may be made
more acceptable by incorporating bypass system and limiting range of pressure
reduction by individual PRV.
Section 6.10.2: Methods for recirculation of wastewater may be written more elaborately.
Section 6.11: Minimum hot water pipe size may be suggested as 12 mm.
Section 6.15: Inspection, Testing and Completion Certificate may be more elaborate
B. Inclusions
Section 6.6: Water supply system incorporating booster pumps may be incorporated.
Section 6.7: Storage tanks other than masonry or RCC tank like plastic and Stainless steel
tanks may be included.
Section 6.8: For the design of distribution system more design tables should be
incorporated.
Section 6.11.6.2: Circulation type hot water supply system may be elaborated and specified..
92
Section 6.12: uPVC, PPR plastic pipe in water supply and distribution may be included
C. Omissions.
Section 6.12: Asbestos Cement and gray iron pipe in water supply and distribution shall be
omitted.
Following modifications, omissions and new inclusions may be made in this chapter
Following modifications, omissions and new inclusions may be made in this chapter
A. Modifications.
Section 7.6: Minimum number of fixture requirement may be modified considering local
socio-economic status, culture and religion.
Section 7.9:
Section 7.9.10: Rainwater drainage may be written in separate chapter and may be
numbered as chapter 8 and may be named as Rainwater Management.
93
B. Inclusions
Section 7.6: Plastic appliances may be included. Euro standard may be adopted instead of
ASTM.
Section 7.9: Developed Single stack system called Sovent system may be incorporated.
D. Omissions
94
d. Prepare an electrical version of the Code with keyword search capability and submit
master CD copies of the same.
e. Prepare a version of the Code suitable for download and print by eligible users from
the government website.
f. Upload the download and printable version of the Code to the government website
g. Prepare a version of the Code suitable for browse and search by eligible users from
the government website.
h. Upload the browse and searchable version of the Code to the government website.
95
TENTATIVE STRUCTURE AND TABLE OF
CONTENTS OF THE UPDATED CODE
8.1 TENTATIVE STRUCTURE OF THE UPDATED CODE
Over-all structure of the updated will be similar to the BNBC 1993. There will be 10 Parts as
in the previous version. However, instead of a single volume these 10 Parts may be
produced in three separate volumes as below:
Some omissions as well as additions have been proposed to the chapters of the BNBC 1993.
Planning and Environmental aspects have been included as separate chapters in Part 2. Part
3 has a new chapter on Energy Efficiency and Passive Energy Design Features. Two new
chapters on Specific Requirements for Congested Areas and Specific Requirements for Rural
Areas and Remote Areas are included in Part 4. The chapter on Concrete Materials of Part 6
of the BNBC 1993 will be covered in Materials chapter of Part 5. New chapters on Bamboo
Structures and Steel-Concrete Composite Structures have been proposed in Part 6.
Maintenance, Management, Retrofitting and Strengthening of Buildings will appear as a new
chapter in Part 7. Services related to Information Technology will be covered in a separate
chapter in Part 8.
Preface
Steering Committee
Editorial Subcommittees
Consultants
Summary Table of Contents
96
Chapter 1 Purpose and Scope
Chapter 2 Planning
Chapter 3 Environment
Chapter 4 Administration, Permit and Inspection
Chapter 5 Legal Proceedings
Appendices
97
PART 7 CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES AND SAFETY
Chapter 1 Lighting
Chapter 2 Electrical Installation
Chapter 3 Air-conditioning, Heating and Ventilation
Chapter 4 Acoustics, Sound Insulation and Noise Control
Chapter 5 Lifts, Escalators and Moving Walks
Chapter 6 Water Supply
Chapter 7 Drainage and Sanitation
Chapter 8 Rainwater Management
Chapter 9 Fuel Gas Supply
Chapter 10 Information Technology
Appendices
98
8.3 TENTATIVE TABLE OF CONTENTS OF THE UPDATED CODE
Part 1
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Definitions
Chapter 3
Abbreviations
99
Chapter 1 Title, Scope and General
1.1 TITLE
1.2 PURPOSE
1.3 SCOPE
Chapter 2 Definitions
2.1 GENERAL
Chapter 3 Abbreviations
100
Part 2
Chapter 1
General
Chapter 2
Planning
Chapter 3
Environment
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Legal Proceedings
Appendices
101
Chapter 1 General
1.1 DEFINITION
1.2 SCOPE AND APPLICATION
Chapter 2 Planning
2.1 Planning for Housing, Industrial, Commercial, Recreational and Leisure facilities, etc.
2.1.1 Housing
Chapter 3 Environment
3.1.2 Design
102
3.1.3 Environment and Landscape
3.1.4 Maintenance
3.2 Sub-Station
3.2.2 Design
3.2.3 Height
3.4.4 Wetlands, Ponds, Streams, Canals and Control of Heat Island Effect
103
4.1.4 DELEGATION OF POWERS
4.3 PERMIT
4.5 INSPECTION
Appendices
Building Permit
104
Part 3
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Appendices
105
Chapter 1 General Building Requirements, Control and Regulation
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
One Plot
106
1.12.3 Kitchen
1.12.7 Lofts
1.12.11 Basement
1.12.14 Parapet
1.13 LANDSCAPING
IMPORTANT WATERBODIES
ARCHITECTURAL VALUE
107
1.22 THERMAL INSULATION
1.24.3 Inspection
108
2.3.1 Nonseparated Uses
RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Non-habitable Rooms
EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS
109
Common Toilets and Staircases
INSTITUTIONAL BUILDINGS
ASSEMBLY BUILDINGS
110
2.9.2 Location on Property
2.10.10 Helistops
111
2.10.12 Fire Alarm Systems
INDUSTRIAL/FACTORY BUILDINGS
STORAGE BUILDINGS .
HAZARDOUS BUILDINGS
2.13.1 General
112
2.13.2 Construction, Height and Allowable Area
MISCELLANEOUS BUILDINGS
2.14.1 General
113
3.1.1 Classification by Type of Construction
Various Occupancies
3.1.13 Parapets
3.1.14 Projections
3.1.16 Insulation
3.1.17 Atria
3.2.1 General
114
3.2.6 Roof Construction
3.3.1 General
3.4.1 General
Appendices
115
in the Vicinity of an Aerodrome
in Urban Areas
for Housing
116
Part 4
FIRE PROTECTION
Chapter 1
General Provisions
Chapter 2
Precautionary Requirements
Chapter 3
Means of Escape
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Appendices
117
Chapter 1 General Provision
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
2.9 GLAZING
2.10 SKYLIGHTS
118
2.12.3 Special Hazards in Occupancy C : Institutional
3.1 SCOPE
3.5.5 Roofs
3.9 DOORWAYS
3.10 STAIRWAYS
3.11 RAMPS
119
3.12 HORIZONTAL EXITS
AND MERCANTILE
4.1 SCOPE
120
4.2.2 Water Sources for Fire Protection
Occupancies
5.1 SCOPE
121
5.3 OCCUPANCY B : EDUCATTONAL
Physically Capable
Physically Incapable
122
5.9 OCCUPANCY H: STORAGE
Areas
Appendices
123
Part 5
BUILDING MATERIALS
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Materials
124
Chapter 1 Scope and Definitions
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
Chapter 2 Materials
2.1 GENERAL
2.2 MASONRY
2.2.1 Aggregates
2.2.2 Cement
2.2.3 Lime
2.2.5 Mortar
2.2.6 Grout
2.2.9 Reinforcement
2.2.10 Water
2.3.1 GENERAL
125
2.3.4 WORKABILITY OF CONCRETE
2.3.8 MIXING
2.3.9 CONVEYING
2.3.10 DEPOSITING
2.3.11 CURING
2.3.16 FORMWORK
2.3.17 SHOTCRETE
2.7.1 General
126
2.7.5 Clay Tiles
2.8 STEEL
2.9.2 Plywood
127
2.13.1 Scope
128
2.15.4 Taps and Valves
2.21.1 Ferrocement
2.21.2 Plastics
2.21.4 Bamboos
2.21.9 Refractories
2.21.11 Sealants
2.21.14 Asbestos
129
Part 6
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Loads
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Bamboo Structures
Chapter 5
Masonry Structures
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
130
Part 6
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Steel Structures
Chapter 11
Timber Structures
Chapter 12
Ferrocement Structures
Chapter 13
Appendices
131
Chapter 1 Definitions and General Requirements
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 Scope
1.2 DEFINITIONS
1.2.1 Terminology
1.3.1 General
1.4.1 Safety
1.4.2 Serviceability
1.4.3 Rationality
132
1.5.1 General
1.6.1 General
1.7.1 General
133
1.7.8 Impacts and Collisions
1.7.9 Explosions
1.7.10 Fire
1.7.15 Fatigue
1.8.1 General
1.9.1 General
134
1.10.3 Construction Observation
Chapter 2 Loads
2.1 INTRODUCTION
2.1.1 Scope
2.1.2 Limitations
2.2.1 General
2.2.2 Definition
2.3.1 General
2.3.2 Definition
135
2.4.1 General
2.4.2 Definitions
2.5.1 General
2.5.2 Definitions
2.6.1 General
2.6.2 Definitions
136
2.6.4 Loads Due to Flood, Tidal Surge, Tsunami
2.6.8 Explosions
2.6.9 Fire
2.6.14 Fatigue
2.7.1 General
2.7.2 Definitions
2.7.4 Combinations of Loads and Stress Increase for Allowable Stress Design *
3.1 SCOPE
137
3.2 TERMINOLOGY
3.3.1 Purpose
3.5 MATERIALS
3.5.1 Concrete
3.5.2 Timber
3.6.1 Footings
3.7.3 Settlement
3.8 FOOTINGS
138
3.9.2 Design Considerations
3.14 GEOTEXTILES
3.19 DEWATERING
139
3.21 EMBANKMENT
4.1 SCOPE
4.2 TERMINOLOGY
4.3 SYMBOLS
4.4 MATERIALS
5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.1.1 Scope
5.1.3 Definitions
5.2 MATERIALS
5.2.1 General
140
5.3 ALLOWABLE STRESSES
5.3.1 General
5.4.1 General
5.4.3 Supports
5.4.4 Stability
5.5.1 General
141
5.5.3 Design of Members Subjected to Combined
5.6.1 General
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Loads
5.8.3 Materials
142
5.8.6 Additional Requirements
5.9.1 General
5.9.2 Materials
5.9.4 Foundation
5.9.5 Drainage
5.10 CONSTRUCTION
5.10.1 General
6.1.2 General
6.1.3 Loading
143
6.2 Strength and Serviceability Requirements
6.6.1 Notation
6.6.2 Definitions
6.6.8 Reinforcement
6.7 COLUMNS
6.7.1 Notation
6.7.2 Definitions
6.7.5 Design
6.7.6 Reinforcement
144
6.7.11 Composite Column *
6.8.1 Scope
6.8.3 Proportioning
6.8.8 Shear
6.8.9 Reinforcement
6.8.10 Openings
EDGE-SUPPORTED SLABS
6.9.1 Notation
6.9.6 Reinforcement
6.10.1 General
6.10.3 Shear
145
6.10.4 Deflection
6.10.6 Reinforcement
6.11.1 Scope
6.11.2 Continuity
6.11.4 Idealization
6.11.6 Design
6.11.7 Deflection
6.12.1 Notation
6.12.2 General
6.12.3 Flexure
6.12.4 Shear
6.13.1 Notation
6.13.2 General
6.13.6 Moment
6.13.7 Shear
146
6.13.8 Minimum Reinforcement
6.14 FOOTINGS
6.14.1 Notation
6.14.2 General
6.14.3 Moment
6.14.4 Shear
6.15 STAIRS
6.15.7 Deflection
6.16.1 Notation
147
6.16.2 Scope
6.16.3 Definitions
6.16.4 Design
6.16.7 Construction
6.17.1 Notation
6.17.2 General
6.17.3 Design
6.17.4 Detailing
6.18.1 General
148
7.1.1 Notation
7.1.4 Loading
7.1.5 Stiffness
7.6.1 Notation
7.6.8 Reinforcement
149
7.6.9 Crack Control
7.6.10 Deflection
7.8 COLUMNS
7.8.5 Reinforcement
7.13.1 Notation
7.13.2 General
7.13.3 Flexure
7.13.4 Shear
7.15 FOOTINGS
7.16 STAIRS
150
Chapter 8 Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures
8.1.1 Notation
8.1.4 Bending
8.1.12 Joints
8.2.1 Notation
151
8.2.9 Development of Negative Moment Reinforcement
8.3.1 Notation
8.3.2 Definitions
8.3.5 Special moment frame members subjected to bending and axial load
8.3.11 Foundations
8.3.12 Frame members not proportioned to resist forces induced by earthquake motions
152
Chapter 9 Prestressed Concrete Structures
9.1 NOTATION
9.2 SCOPE
9.3 DEFINITIONS
9.11 STEEL
153
9.25 TENDON ANCHORAGE ZONES
10.1 SCOPE
10.2.1 Definitions
10.2.2 Notation
10.3 MATERIAL
10.3.4 Welds
154
10.5.1 General
10.7.1 General
10.8.1 General
155
10.8.2 Basis of Design
10.9.2 Welds
10.9.6 Fillers
10.9.7 Splices
10.9.8 Bearings
10.11.1 Camber
156
10.11.2 Expansion and Contraction
10.11.4 Corrosion
10.13.2 Fabrication
10.13.3 Erection
10.14.1 General
10.14.4 Application
10.15.1 General
10.15.2 Drawings
11.1 SCOPE
11.2 NOTATION
157
11.3 TERMINOLOGY
11.4 MATERIALS
11.6 BEAMS
11.6.2 Loads
11.7 COLUMNS
11.8 JOINTS
158
11.13 LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER
12.1 SCOPE
12.2 TERMINOLOGY
12.2.2 Notation
12.2.3 Definitions
12.3 MATERIALS
12.3.1 Cement
12.3.2 Aggregates
12.3.3 Water
12.3.4 Admixtures
12.3.6 Reinforcement
12.4 DESIGN
159
12.4.3 Service Load Design
12.5 FABRICATION
12.6 MAINTENANCE
12.6.1 General
12.8 TESTING
160
13.1.3 Shear Connectors
13.3.1 General
Appendices
Maximum Moment
161
Part 7
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
162
Chapter 1 Constructional Responsibilities and Practices
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 General
1.1.2 Scope
1.1.3 Terminology
1.2 PLANNING
1.2.1 Responsibilities
1.3.1 General
1.3.2 Permits
1.4.1 General
1.5.1 General
163
1.5.3 Use of Road and Footpath
2.1.1 General
2.1.3 Housekeeping
2.2.1 Cement
2.2.4 Aggregate
2.2.5 Water
2.2.6 Timber
2.2.11 Tiles
2.2.15 Lime
164
2.2.16 Paints, Varnishes, Thinners, Bitumen and Road Tar
2.2.18 Explosives
2.2.20 Miscellaneous
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Scope
3.2.1 General
3.2.4 Groundwater
165
3.2.9 Piling and Deep Foundation
3.3.3 Piles
3.4.1 General
3.4.2 Ladders
3.5.1 General
3.5.3 Platforms
3.6.1 General
166
3.6.4 Concrete Truck and Bucket
3.7.4 Bamboos
3.8.5 Cranes
3.8.6 Slings
3.8.7 Inspection
3.9.3 Lifts
167
3.10 CONSTRUCTION HAZARDS
3.10.1 General
3.11 MISCELLANEOUS
4.1.1 General
4.1.2 Planning
4.2.1 General
4.2.3 Wall
168
4.2.4 Floor
4.2.7 Miscellaneous
4.3.1 General
4.4.1 General
Strengthening of Buildings
5.2 TERMINOLOGY
5.3.1 General
169
5.3.3 Maintenance Policy
5.4 ACCESS
5.4.1 General
5.5 RECORDS
5.5.1 General
5.6 INSPECTIONS
5.6.1 General
5.10.5 Retrofitting
170
Part 8
BUILDING SERVICES
Chapter 1
Lighting
Chapter 2
Electrical Installation
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Water Supply
Chapter 7
171
Part 8
Chapter 8
Rainwater Management
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Computer Networking
Appendices
172
Chapter 1 Lighting
1.1 SCOPE
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
1.3 ILLUMINATION
2.1.1 Purpose
2.1.2 Scope
173
2.2 TERMIINOLOGY
2.2.1 Definitions
2.3.4 Fittings-wire
2.3.5 Fans
2.4.2 Estimation
2.5.1 General
174
2.5.9 Main Distribution Board
2.6.1 General
2.6.2 Location
2.6.3 Layout
2.7.1 General
2.7.4 Cables
2.8 EARTHING
2.8.1 General
175
2.8.2 Circuit and System Earthing
2.9.1 General
SERVICES
2.10.1 General
2.11.1 General
SHOPPING MALLS
176
AS ALTERNATE/BACK UP SOURCES
Ventilation
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Purpose
3.1.2 Scope
3.1.3 Application
3.1.4 Terminology
3.2.1 General
3.3.1 General
177
3.3.9 Energy Conservation System Design
3.4.1 General
3.5.1 General
3.6.1 General
178
3.6.4 Kitchen Exhaust
3.7.1 General
3.8.1 General
3.8.3 Commissioning
3.9.1 General
3.9.2 Operation
3.9.3 Maintenance
4.1 PURPOSE
4.2 SCOPE
4.3 TERMINOLOGY
179
4.4.3 Planning and Design Considerations
4.9.1 General
4.10.1 General
180
4.11.4 Requirements for Noise Reduction
5.1 GENERAL
5.1.1 Purpose
5.1.2 Scope
5.1.3 Terminology
5.2.1 General
5.3.1 General
181
5.4 ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS OF LIFTS
5.4.1 General
5.4.11 Buffers
5.4.15 Car Buttons, Hall Buttons, Hall Lanterns and Special Signs
5.5 ESCALATORS
5.5.1 General
5.5.3 Balustrades
5.5.6 Landings
182
5.6 MOVING WALKS
5.6.1 General
5.6.3 Balustrades
5.6.6 Landings
5.7.1 General
5.7.3 Certification
5.8.1 General
5.8.3 Operation
5.8.4 Maintenance
6.2 TERMINOLOGY
183
6.4 LICENSING OF PLUMBERS
6.5.1 General
184
6.9.7 Vent Pipe
Notches or Holes
6.14.1 Inspection
6.14.2 Testing
185
6.16.1 General
6.18.1 Gerneral
6.18.2 Storage
6.19.1 General
6.19.4 Chlorination
7.1 PURPOSE
7.2 SCOPE
7.3 TERMINOLOGY
186
7.5.3 Annulment of Licence
7.6.1 General
7.6.3 Accessibility
7.8.1 Objective
7.8.2 General
187
7.9.5 Conveyance of Rainwater
8.2 TERMINOLOGIES
9.1 GENERAL
9.1.1 Scope
9.1.2 Terminology
188
9.2.1 Piping Plan and Approval
9.4.1 Cookers/Burners
Appendices
189
Appendix D Relationship of Weighting Curves for Sound Levels
Common Sources
Constructions
NC Curves
Moving Walks
Sanitation Works)
190
Appendix V List of Applicable Standards and Rules
191
Part 9
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
192
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART 9
1.1 GENERAL
1.2 APPLICABILITY
1.2.1 General
1.2.4 Additions
1.2.5 Alterations
1.3 IMPLEMENTATION
1.3.3 Submittal
2.1 EVALUATION
2.2 COMPLIANCE
193
Part 10
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
General Requirements
Chapter 3
Appendices
194
Chapter 1 Scope and General
1.2 TERMINOLOGY
1.4.2 Exemptions
1.6 RESTRICTIONS
1.7.1 Maintenance
1.7.2 Inspection
195
1.9 PROJECTION OVER PUBLIC PROPERTY
2.1 DESIGN
2.1.1 Loads
2.2 CONSTRUCTION
2.2.3 Anchorage
3.1.1 Materials
3.1.2 Location
3.1.3 Installation
3.1.4 Illumination
196
3.2.1 Material
3.2.2 Height
3.2.3 Design
3.2.4 Clearance
3.3.1 Material
3.3.2 Design
3.3.3 Clearance
3.3.4 Projection
3.4.1 Material
3.4.2 Design
3.4.4 Projection
3.4.5 Attachment
3.5.1 Material
3.5.2 Design
3.5.3 Clearance
3.6.1 Materials
3.6.2 Location
3.6.3 Size
3.6.4 Projection
197
3.7.1 Materials
3.7.2 Size
3.7.3 Clearance
3.9.1 Size
3.9.2 Duration
3.9.3 Support
3.9.4 Location
3.9.5 Projection
Appendices
198