Queuing Theory Exercises.

E5 1
Course coordinator: Armin Halilovic

Exercises. E5
M/M/m/K Queueing System

An M/M/m/K Queueing System is a queueing system with

• m servers,
• Poisson input,
• Exponential service times
• Finite number of waiting positions (=K)
• Finite storage. Total number of system places S =m+K

M/M/m/K Queueing System

Arriving
customers
Departing
Queue with K places customers

λ λ eff M
K places λ eff
λb , blocked
customers

m servers
Arrival rate = λ
Service rate =μ
Finite number of waiting positions=K
Total number of system places =S=m+K

Notation Description
N Average number of customers in the system , N = N q + N s
Nq Average number of customers in the queue
Ns Average number of customers in the service facilities
~
x Random variable which describes time spent in the service
facility by a customer
x Average service time for a customer, x = E (x~ )
~
w Random variable which describes time spent in the waiting
queue by a customer
W Average waiting time spent in the queue by a customer
W = E (w ~)
~
s Random variable which describes time spent in the system
by a customer; ~ s =~ ~
x +w
T Average time spent in the system by a customer T = E (s~ ) ,
T =W + x
Queuing Theory Exercises. E5 2
Course coordinator: Armin Halilovic

λ Arrival rate
λeff The effective arrival rate
μ Service rate
ρ λ
ρ= , offered load (offered traffic)
μ
pk Stationary probabilities; p k is the probability that there are k
customers in the system

Some Formulas for M/M/m/K Queueing System,

m servers, K waiting places.
Total number of system places S =m+K.

N = Nq + Ns
T =W + x
1
x=
μ
λ
ρ= , offered load (offered traffic)
μ

⎧ ρk
⎪⎪ ⋅ p0 k≤m
k!
pk = ⎨ m k −m
⎪ ρ ⎛ ρ ⎞
⎜ ⎟ ⋅ p0 m<k ≤m+K
⎪⎩ m! ⎝ m ⎠

Little’s formulas:
N = λeff ⋅ T
N q = λeff ⋅ W
N s = λeff ⋅ x

Q 1. A queueing system can be modeled as an M/M/3/4 system with arrival rate of 40

customers per minute and service rate of μ =30 customers per minute.
a) Draw the rate transition diagram
b) Find the probabilities p0, p1, p2, p3, p4, p5 p6,och p7,
c) Find the average total service time T for a customer.
Answer a)
Queuing Theory Exercises. E5 3
Course coordinator: Armin Halilovic

b)
4 p0 8 p0 32 p0
p1= =1.33333 p0 p2= =0.888889 p0 p3= =0.395062 p0
3 9 81
128 p0 512 p0 2048 p0
p4= =0.175583 p0 p5= =0.0780369 p0 p6= =0.0346831 p0
729 6561 59049
8192 p0
p7= =0.0154147 p0
531441
531441 708588
p0= =0.255037 p1= =0.340049
2083781 2083781
472392 209952
p2= =0.226699 p3= =0.100755
2083781 2083781
93312 41472
p4= =0.0447801 p5= =0.0199023
2083781 2083781
18432 8192
p6= =0.00884546 p7= =0.00393132
2083781 2083781
3031772
N= =1.45494
2083781
λmean= 40 customers per minute. λeff= 39.8427 customers per minute
c) T= 0.036517 minutes

Q 2. Consider an M/M/3/3 system with the arrival rate of 60 customers per minute and
service rate of μ =20 customers per minute.
a) Draw the rate transition diagram
b) Find the offered, effective and blocked traffic.

Answer b)
The offered traffic=3(Erlang)
The effective traffic= 2.49057(Erlang)
The blocked traffic= 0.509434 (Erlang)

Q 3. A telephone system can be modeled as an M/M/4/2 system with the arrival rate of 50
calls per minute and the service rate of μ =10 calls per minute.
a) Draw the rate transition diagram
b) Find the offered, effective and blocked traffic.
c) find the blocking probability, that is, the probability for an arriving call to be blocked.
Answer:
a)
Queuing Theory Exercises. E5 4
Course coordinator: Armin Halilovic

b)
The offered traffic = 5. (Erlang)
The effective traffic= 3.53229 (Erlang)
The blocked traffic= 1.46771 (Erlang)
Pb =blocking probability=0.293543
Q 4. A queueing system can be modeled as an M/M/5/2 system with arrival rate of 140
customers per minute and the average service time of x =1 second.
Find N, Nq , Ns and the utilization of the system .
Answer:

80189543
N= =2.35522
34047614

Nq= 0.0501037
Ns= 2.30511
The utilization of the system= Ns/5= 0.461023

Q 5. A system can be modeled as an M/M/2/3 queueing system with

m=2 servers and 3 waiting places. Arrival rate is λ=3 customer per second. Service rate is
μ =2 customer per second. Find
a) p 0 , p1 ,... p5
b) N (=Average number of customers in the system)
c) W (=Average waiting time spent in the queue by a customer)
d) Blocked traffic
Answer:
a) p0 = 0.1793345009 p1 = 0.2690017513 p2 = 0.2017513135

p3 = 0.1513134851 p4 = 0.1134851138 p5 = 0.08511383538

b) N=2.00595 c) W=0.23085758 sec d) Blocked traffic = 0.12767 (Erlang)