Test Reference Range (conventional units*)

17 Hydroxyprogesterone 0.06-3.0 mg/L

(Men)
17 Hydroxyprogesterone 0.2-1.0 mg/L
(Women) Follicular phase
25-hydroxyvitamin D 8-80 ng/mL
(25(OH)D)
Acetoacetate <3 mg/dL
Acidity (pH) 7.35 - 7.45
Alcohol 0 mg/dL (more than 0.1 mg/dL normally indicates intoxication)
(ethanol)
Ammonia 15 - 50 µg of nitrogen/dL
Amylase 53 - 123 units/L
Ascorbic Acid 0.4 - 1.5 mg/dL
Bicarbonate 18 - 23 mEq/L (carbon dioxide content)
Bilirubin Direct: up to 0.4 mg/dL
Total: up to 1.0 mg/dL
Blood Volume 8.5 - 9.1% of total body weight
Calcium 8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL (normally slightly higher in children)
Carbon Dioxide Pressure 35 - 45 mm Hg
Carbon Monoxide Less than 5% of total hemoglobin
CD4 Cell Count 500 - 1500 cells/µL
Ceruloplasmin 15 - 60 mg/dL
Chloride 98 - 106 mEq/L
Complete Blood Cell Count Tests include: hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular
(CBC) hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean
corpuscular volume, platelet count, white Blood cell count
Please click each to view an individual test value.
Copper Total: 70 - 150 µg/dL
Creatine Kinase (CK or CPK) Male: 38 - 174 units/L
Female: 96 - 140 units/L 
Creatine Kinase Isoenzymes 5% MB or less
Creatinine 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL
Electrolytes Test includes: calcium, chloride, magnesium, potassium, sodium
Please click each to view an individual test value.
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Male: 1 – 13 mm/hr
Rate (ESR or Sed-Rate) Female: 1 - 20 mm/hr
Glucose Tested after fasting: 70 - 110 mg/dL
Hematocrit Male: 45 - 62%
Female: 37 - 48%
Hemoglobin Male: 13 - 18 gm/dL
Female: 12 - 16 gm/dL
Iron 60 - 160 µg/dL (normally higher in males)
Iron-binding Capacity 250 - 460 µg/dL
Lactate (lactic acid) Venous: 4.5 - 19.8 mg/dL
Arterial: 4.5 - 14.4 mg/dL
Lactic Dehydrogenase 50 - 150 units/L
Lead 40 µg/dL or less (normally much lower in children)
Lipase 10 - 150 units/L
Zinc   B-Zn 70 - 102 µmol/L
Lipids:
   Cholesterol Less than 225 mg/dL (for age 40-49 yr; increases with age)
   Triglycerides 10 - 29
53 - 104 mg/dL
years  
30 - 39
55 - 115 mg/dL
years  
40 - 49
66 - 139 mg/dL
years  
50 - 59
75 - 163 mg/dL
years  
60 - 69
78 - 158 mg/dL
years  
   >  70
83 - 141 mg/dL
years  
Liver Function Tests Tests include bilirubin (total), phosphatase (alkaline), protein (total
and albumin), transaminases (alanine and aspartate), prothrombin
(PTT)
Please click each to view an individual test value.
Magnesium 1.5 - 2.0 mEq/L
Mean Corpuscular 27 - 32 pg/cell
Hemoglobin (MCH)
is a calculation of the average amount of oxygen-carrying
hemoglobin inside a red blood cell. Macrocytic RBCs are large so
tend to have a higher MCH, while microcytic red cells would have a
lower value

Mean Corpuscular 32 - 36% hemoglobin/cell

Hemoglobin Concentration
(MCHC) is a calculation of the average concentration of hemoglobin inside a
red cell. Decreased MCHC values (hypochromia) are seen in
conditions where the hemoglobin is abnormally diluted inside the
red cells, such as in iron deficiency anemia and in thalassemia.
 Increased MCHC values (hyperchromia) are seen in conditions
where the hemoglobin is abnormally concentrated inside the red
cells, such as in burn patients and hereditary spherocytosis, a
relatively rare congenital disorder

Mean Corpuscular Volume 76 – 100 cu µm

(MCV)
a measurement of the average size of your RBCs. The MCV is
elevated when your RBCs are larger than normal (macrocytic), for
example in anemia caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. When the
MCV is decreased, your RBCs are smaller than normal (microcytic)
as is seen in iron deficiency anemia or thalassemias (is a group of
inherited disorders that affects the amount and type of hemoglobin
a person produces)

Osmolality 280 - 296 mOsm/kg water

Oxygen Pressure 83 – 100 mm Hg
Oxygen Saturation (arterial) 96 – 100%
Phosphatase, Prostatic 0 - 3 units/dL (Bodansky units) (acid)
Phosphatase 50 – 160 units/L (normally higher in infants and adolescents)
(alkaline)
Phosphorus 3.0 - 4.5 mg/dL (inorganic)
Platelet Count 150,000 - 350,000/mL
 Both increases and decreases can point to abnormal
conditions of excess bleeding or clotting.
 Mean platelet volume (MPV) is a machine-calculated
measurement of the average size of your platelets. New
platelets are larger, and an increased MPV occurs when
increased numbers of platelets are being produced. MPV
gives your doctor information about platelet production in
your bone marrow.

Potassium 3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L

Prostate-Specific Antigen 0 - 4 ng/mL (likely higher with age)
(PSA)
Proteins:
   Total 6.0 - 8.4 gm/dL
   Albumin 3.5 - 5.0 gm/dL
   Globulin 2.3 - 3.5 gm/dL

Prothrombin (PTT) 25 - 41 sec

Pyruvic Acid 0.3 - 0.9 mg/dL
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC) 4.2 - 6.9 million/µL/cu mm
A decreased number of RBCs results from either acute or
 chronicblood loss. Acute blood loss is a rapid depletion of
blood volume. Chronic blood loss stems from various
conditions that often results in some form of an anemia.
Chronic anemias are due to loss of small amounts of blood over
a long period of time (bleeding), mechanical destruction of the
RBCs, or some physiologic problem such as decreased RBC
production.

Decreased RBC
 Trauma
 Burns
 Pregnancy
 Hemolytic anemia
 Hemorrhagic infections
 Gastrointestinal (GI) or other vascular bleed
 Iron deficiency anemia
 Vitamin B12 or folate deficiency
 bone marrow damage
 Metabolic disorders
 Chronic inflammation
Increased RBC
 Dehydration
 Pulmonary disease
 Congenital heart disease
 Polycythemia vera
 Renal problems
 Over-transfusion of whole blood
 Tissue hypoxia

Sodium 135 - 145 mEq/L

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone 0.5 - 6.0 µ units/mL
(TSH)
Transaminase:
   Alanine (ALT) 1 - 21 units/L
   Aspartate (AST) 7 - 27 units/L

Urea Nitrogen (BUN) 7 - 18 mg/dL

BUN/Creatinine Ratio
Uric Acid
Vitamin A
WBC (leukocyte count and
white Blood cell count)
5 – 35
Male    2.1 to 8.5 mg/dL (likely higher with age)
Female    2.0 to 7.0 mg/dL (likely higher with age)
30 - 65 µg/dL
4.3-10.8 × 103/mm3
 If platelet levels fall below 20,000 per microliter, spontaneous
bleeding may occur and is considered a life-threatening risk.
Patients who have a bone marrow disease, such as leukemia or
another cancer in the bone marrow, often experience excessive
bleeding due to a significantly decreased number of platelets
(thrombocytopenia). As the number of cancer cells increases in the
bone marrow, normal bone marrow cells are crowded out, resulting
in fewer platelet-producing cells.

Low number of platelets may be seen in some patients with long-

term bleeding problems (e.g., chronic bleeding stomach ulcers),
thus reducing the supply of platelets. Decreased platelet counts
may also be seen in patients with Gram-negative sepsis.

Individuals with an autoimmune disorder (such as lupus or

idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP), where the body’s
immune system creates antibodies that attack its own organs) can
cause the destruction of platelets

White Blood Cell Count 4,300 - 10,800 cells/µL/cu mm

(WBC)

2/14/08
Protein, Total 7.9  6.0-8.4 g/dL   Low levels of total protein indicate a more advanced
stage of liver disease.

Albumin 4.1  3.5-5.0 g/dL          A low level may mean advanced liver disease, because
the liver is not able to
                                              produce the normal amount.

Calcium 8.8  8.5-10.5 mg/dL  

WBC 2.67  4.0-11.0 k/uL   L      Used for fighting infections. White blood cells are made
in the bone marrow.

RBC 4.74  4.5-6.0 M/uL                     Lab values show over- or under-production. Low

levels may mean anemia.

Hemoglobin 14.3  13.5-17.5 g/dL        Low levels may mean anemia, which is a common

side effect of ribavirin

Hematocrit 41.8  40-52 %                  Low levels may mean anemia.

MCV 88.2  80-100 fL  

MCH 30.2  27-34 pG  
MCHC 34.2  32-36 g/dL  
RDW-CV 14.4  11.7-15.0 %  

Platelet Count 71  150-400 K/uL   L     May be low in advanced liver disease, or while on
interferon treatment.
                                                        A low count may increase the chance of bleeding.
Therefore, you must
                                                        have normal levels of platelets to start interferon
treatment.
MPV 10.3  7.3-11.1 fL  

Neut% 57.3  40-70 %                         Low neutrophil can mean infection or inflammation.

Interferon treatment
                                                        is associated with low neutrophil levels. Therefore,
you must have normal
Abs Neut 1.53  1.8-7.7 K/uL    L          levels of neutrophils to start interferon

Lymph% 26.2  22-44 %                      These are white blood cells that produce antibodies
to fight viral infections
Abs Lymph 0.70  1.0-4.0 k/uL        L        .
Mono% 8.2     0-7.0 %                    H
Abs Mono 0.22  0-0.8 K/uL  
Eosin% 7.9  0-4 %      H
Abs Eosin 0.21  0-0.4 K/uL  
Baso% 0.4  0-1 %  
Abs Baso 0.01 0-0.2 K/uL

Alkaline Phosphatase 64   40-150 U/L       High levels mean more advanced liver disease

Bilirubin, Total 0.9   0.0-1.5 mg/dL           Helps confirm diagnosis of obstruction of the
bile ducts. Jaundice indicator.

Glucose 72 65-100 mg/dL

  
BUN 10 10-25 mg/dL        L                Increases can be caused by excessive protein
intake, kidney damage,
                                                        certain drugs, low fluid intake, intestinal bleeding,
exercise or heart
                                                        failure. Decreased levels may be due to a poor diet,
malabsorption,
                                                        liver  damage or low nitrogen intake.

Creatinine 0.7 0.7-1.4 mg/dL    L           This is a breakdown product of creatinine

phosphate, which is a protein
                                                          found in muscle. Its level is a reflection of the bodies
muscle mass. 1.05 opt.
Sodium 141 135-146 mmol/L  
Potassium 3.7 3.5-5.0 mmol/L  
Chloride 104 98-110 mmol/L  
CO2 25 23-32 mmol/L  
Anion Gap 12 0-15 mmol/L  

ALT 73   5-50 U/L                        H      This is the most important test to follow in a

person with liver disease.
                                                        A high ALT may mean a high degree of liver cell
damage.

AST 96    7-40 U/L                       H       This is an enzyme made in liver cells, similar to
the ALT. It is also made
                                                         in muscles, and can be released from damaged
muscle, heart, kidney,
                                                         and brain tissue.

AFP 5.0   1.0-10.0 ng/mL                      High levels may mean active liver disease. This
test is also used for
                                                         detection  of liver cancer  (hepatocellular cancer)..

Cryo Quantitative Bl 9 0-50 ug/mL

TSH 1.110 0.400-5.500 uU/mL

HCV Quant RNA by PCR 3,440,000  -      

  IU/mL
The linear range of this assay is >600 IU/mL .
----------------------------------------------------
CBC on 2-14-08

WBC 3.4  L
Platelet count 88   L

-----------------------------------------------------------
CBC ON 4/15/08

WBC 4.02     4.0-11.0 k/uL  

RBC 4.62      4.5-6.0 M/uL  
Hemoglobin 14.2 1  3.5-17.5 g/dL  
Hematocrit 40.9    40-52 %  
MCV 88.5    80-100 fL  
MCH 30.7    27-34 pG  
MCHC 34.7    32-36 g/dL  
RDW-CV 14.5 11.7-15.0 %  
Platelet Count 67   150-400 k/uL L
MPV 9.3     7.3-11.1 fL  
Neut% 50.5         40-70 %  
Abs Neut 2.03   1.8-7.7 K/uL  
Lymph% 32.1    22-44 %  
Abs Lymph 1.29   1.0-4.0 k/uL  
Mono% 8.0       0-7.0 %          H
Abs Mono 0.32    0-0.8 K/uL  
Eosin% 9.2      0-4 %              H
Abs Eosin 0.37   0-0.4 K/uL  
Baso% 0.2   0-1 %  
Abs Baso 0.01   0-0.2 K/uL
Protein, Total 8.0   6.0-8.4 g/dL  
Albumin 4.1   3.5-5.0 g/dL  
Calcium 8.7    8.5-10.5 mg/dL  
Bilirubin, Total 0.8   0.0-1.5 mg/dL  
Alkaline Phosphatase 61   40-150 U/L  

Glucose 82    65-100 mg/dL  

BUN 11             10-25 mg/dL  

Creatinine 0.8     0.7-1.4 mg/dL  
Sodium 137      135-146 mmol/L  
Potassium 4.1     3.5-5.0 mmol/L  
Chloride 102       98-110 mmol/L  
CO2 26         23-32 mmol/L  
Anion Gap 9   0-15 mmol/L  

AST 65       7-40 U/L    H

ALT 47        5-50 U/L

HCV Quant RNA by PCR 3,140,000

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------
12/13/07
WBC  2.9
RBC  4.9
HGB 15.1
PLT  86.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-------

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
------  
Keep the calcium in reserve. Iron up to somewhere around double ULN is just going to
be your bone marrow crying out for as much as it can get. much above double it might be
an idea to try and chelate it.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

General Information

what the tests indicate below:

If your TSH number is non-existent it means you are HYPERthyroid

NAME AFP (Alpha-fetoprotein)

NORMAL RANGE 0-8.9 ng/ml
DEFINITION This is a protein that is often used as a tumor marker for liver cancer. AFP
is not normally present in healthy adults, other than pregnant women.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT High levels may mean active liver disease. This test is also used for detection
of liver cancer  (hepatocellular cancer)..

NAME Alb (Albumin)

NORMAL RANGE 3.3-5.2 mg/dl
DEFINITION This is the major protein in the blood, made only by the liver. It makes up
the largest part of the Total Protein level. It maintains the fluid balance in your body.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT A low level may mean advanced liver disease, because the liver is not able to
produce the normal amount. Low levels may also be due to malnutrition, kidney disease
or bowel and intestinal disease.

NAME AlkP (Alkaline phosphatase)

NORMAL RANGE 40-125 U/L
DEFINITION This is an enzyme made in the liver's bile ducts, bone, kidney and
intestine.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT High levels mean more advanced liver disease, especially problems with the
liver's bile ducts. Levels can also be high if there is bone disease.
NAME ALT/SGPT (Alanine Aminotransferase)
NORMAL RANGE 7-56 U/L
DEFINITION This is an enzyme made in liver cells. If liver cells are damaged or die,
ALT leaks out into the bloodstream.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT This is the most important test to follow in a person with liver disease. A high
ALT may mean a high degree of liver cell damage. However, ALT levels can also vary,
and do not always reflect the degree of liver cell damage. A liver cell biopsy will give the
most accurate information. The ALT enzyme is a more accurate marker of liver damage
than the Ast enzyme. One goal of treatment for hepatitis C is a normal ALT level.

NAME Antibody  
DEFINITION This is a protein developed by your body that protects you from an
antigen.

NAME Anti-HBs (hepatitis B surface antibody)  

EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT If this test is positive, you have antibodies against the hepatitis B virus. You are
likely to be immune (or protected) against the hepatitis B virus.

NAME Anti-HBc (hepatitis B core antibody)

EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT If this test is positive, you have developed an antibody to the core of the virus
and have been exposed to the hepatitis B virus. You may be currently infected, were
infected and fought it off, have chronic infection or a false positive test.

NAME Anti-HCV (hepatitis C antibody)

EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT If this test is positive, you may be infected with hepatitis C virus. This test does
not tell whether you were exposed and fought off the infection, have chronic infection or
if it is a false positive test. Another test called RIBA (recombinant immunoblot assay)
may be used to confirm the hepatitis C antibody test result.

NAME Antigen  
DEFINITION The antigen is the part of the virus that signals your body to protect itself.
NAME AST/SGOT (Aspartate Aminotransferase)
NORMAL RANGE 5-35 U/L
DEFINITION This is an enzyme made in liver cells, similar to the ALT. It is also made
in muscles, and can be released from damaged muscle, heart, kidney, and brain tissue.
Therefore, the AST level can be affected by many conditions other than liver disease.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Elevated levels can mean liver damage. Often the AST and ALT levels will
elevate at the same time.

NAME Basophils
NORMAL RANGE 0.01-0.20 K/µl
DEFINITION These are white blood cells that are similar to Neutrophils.

NAME CBC(Complete Blood Count)

NORMAL RANGE See specific tests RBC HGB WBC and Platelets
DEFINITION A CBC tests for all the blood cells, including red blood cells and the
different types of white blood cells.

NAME Cholesterol
NORMAL RANGE 100-240 mg/dl
DEFINITION Cholesterol is synthesized in the liver. It helps to build hormones, vitamins
and cell membranes.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT High levels of cholesterol are associated with atherosclerosis and heart disease.
Low levels are a marker of poor liver function.

NAME CREAT (Creatinine)

NORMAL RANGE 0.6-1.4 mg/dl
DEFINITION This is a breakdown product of creatinine phosphate, which is a protein
found in muscle. It is made entirely by the kidneys.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Abnormal levels usually indicate problems with the kidneys or renal system.

NAME Eosinophils
NORMAL RANGE 0.04-0.50 K/µl
DEFINITION These are white blood cells that are similar to Neutrophils.
NAME Ferritin
NORMAL RANGE 29-300 µg/L
DEFINITION This protein stores iron in the liver.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Primary storage form of iron in the body. High levels may mean liver disease
or hemochromatosis.

NAME Genotype
DEFINITION The genotype is a mixture of genes within a virus. Genotypes help
determine the genetic character of the viruses, such as the hepatitis C virus. Currently,
there are six known hepatitis C genotypes.

NAME GGT (Gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase)

NORMAL RANGE 7-64 U/l  
DEFINITION This is an enzyme made in the bile ducts. High levels may mean problems
with the liver's bile ducts.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT GGT is a very sensitive test, and can elevate if you use drugs or alcohol.

NAME Globulin
NORMAL RANGE 1-2.8 g/dl
DEFINITION These proteins and albumin make up Total Protein.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Levels of these proteins may vary in liver disease.

NAME HBeAg (hepatitis B e antigen)

EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT If you test positive, you are currently infected and probably have high levels of
hepatitis B virus in your blood. You may be very infectious to others.

NAME HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen)  

EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT If you test positive, you are currently infected with hepatitis B.
NAME HCT (Hematocrit)
NORMAL RANGE 42-52%
DEFINITION This measures the percentage of red blood cells per volume of blood
sample.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Low levels may mean anemia. With anemia, hemoglobin may also be low.

NAME Hgb(Hemoglobin)
NORMAL RANGE 14-18 g/dl
DEFINITION This is a protein portion of red blood cells that carries oxygen.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Low levels may mean anemia, which is a common side effect of ribavirin
treatment.

NAME INR (International normalized ratio)

DEFINITION This is a system of reporting the results of blood clotting tests.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT In the INR system, results of blood clotting tests are standardized so health care
providers all over the world are able to read the results.

NAME Iron
DEFINITION This is a mineral that plays a role in hemoglobin formation.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT % Iron Saturated in Blood: Measures overall percentage of iron in blood.
Normal range is 16-60%.

  
Serum Iron: Measures level of iron in blood and is used to test for both low iron and iron
overload, such as hemochromatosis. Normal range is 50-150 µg/dl.

NAME LYMPHS(Lymphocytes)
NORMAL RANGE 0.8-3.5 K/µl
DEFINITION These are white blood cells that produce antibodies to fight viral
infections.

NAME Monocytes
NORMAL RANGE 0.2-0.8 K/µl
DEFINITION These are WBC that destroy foreign bacteria and other matter.

NAME NEUTS (Neutrophils)

NORMAL RANGE 2.2-8.6 K/µl
DEFINITION These are WBC that play a key role in inflammation, allergic reactions,
pus formation, and in destroying bacteria and parasites.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Low neutrophil can mean infection or inflammation. Interferon treatment is
associated with low neutrophil levels. Therefore, you must have normal levels of
neutrophils to start interferon.

NAME Platelets
NORMAL RANGE 140-400 /mm3
DEFINITION These are small blood cells that helps blood clot when injury occurs.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT May be low in advanced liver disease, or while on interferon treatment. A low
count may increase the chance of bleeding. Therefore, you must have normal levels of
platelets to start interferon treatment.

NAME Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

DEFINITION This is a test that can detect the hepatitis C virus. Examples of this test
include the following:
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT(S) Qualitative PCR: tests for presence of virus. Result is given as "positive" or
"negative".

  
Quantitative PCR: tests for amount of virus (viral load). The viral loads are often
expressed in international units so that the values obtained by different test methods can
be compared. The result is given as an actual number (for example, number of virus
particles per milliliter of blood).

NAME Protein, total

NORMAL RANGE 6.0-8.5 g/dl
DEFINITION Total protein includes large particles in the blood made of albumin and
globulins.
EXPLANATION OF TEST
RESULT Low levels of total protein indicate a more advanced stage of liver disease.

NAME PT (Prothrombin Time)

NORMAL RANGE 9.8-13.8 seconds
DEFINITION This is a measure of the time that it takes for your blood to clot.
Prothrombin is a protein that is changed to thrombin during clotting.
EXPLANATION OF TEST
RESULT High PT may mean advanced liver disease. It may also be high if you are
taking coumadin (warfarin) for a heart condition, or if you have a vitamin K deficiency.

NAME PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time)

NORMAL RANGE 24.2-36.0 seconds
DEFINITION This is another measure of clotting time.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT In addition to PT, this result shows if blood is clotting at a normal time. It is
higher than normal in people with clotting disorders or patients on certain medicines,
such as heparin.

NAME Quasispecies
DEFINITION When the virus changes and makes copies, it can make errors. This leads
to minor genetic differences in viruses in an individual infected with a single genotype.

NAME RBC(Red Blood Cells)

NORMAL RANGE 4.7-6.1 /mm3  
DEFINITION These are small cells that carry oxygen in the blood.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Lab values show over- or under-production. Low levels may mean anemia.

NAME RIBA™ (recombinant immunoblot assay)

DEFINITION This is a more specific test than the hepatitis C antibody test, that helps
confirm a diagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection.

NAME T3, total

NORMAL RANGE 45-137 ng/dl
DEFINITION T3 is a form of thyroid hormone.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT T3 levels may be abnormal in liver disease.

NAME T4, free

NORMAL RANGE 9-24 pmol/l
DEFINITION T4 is a form of thyroid hormone.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT T4 levels may be abnormal in liver disease.

NAME TBili (bilirubin, total)

NORMAL RANGE 0.1-1.2 mg/dl
DEFINITION TBili is a breakdown product from hemoglobin in old red blood cells.
Usually, it is removed from the blood by the liver, broken down, and sent to the intestines
through the bile ducts.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT High levels mean liver damage, or blockage in the ducts (tubes) of the liver.
High levels also cause yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (called jaundice).

NAME Triglycerides
NORMAL RANGE 10-190 mg/dl
DEFINITION These are fatty substances in the blood.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Triglyceride levels may become high during interferon treatment. Levels
usually return to normal after treatment has stopped.
NAME TSH (Thyroid Stimulation Hormone)
NORMAL RANGE 0.4-6.0 µIU/ml
DEFINITION This hormone causes other thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) to be produced.
Thyroid hormones help the body function, and metabolize foods.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT High levels of TSH are associated with interferon treatment and
hypothyroidism.
NAME WBC(White Blood Cells)
NORMAL RANGE 4.8-10.8 /mm3
DEFINITION This test measures the overall number of white blood cells. There are five
types of WBC: Neutrophils, eosinophils, basoph, Monocytles and Lymphocytes. Each of
them does slightly different jobs. All of them are used for fighting infections. White
blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
EXPLANATION
OF TEST
RESULT Low WBC may mean bone marrow depression, a common side effect of
interferon treatment. Low levels can also be caused by reactions to toxins, or to the
presence of a virus.

                        

  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    
  Liver Function Test
(LFT)

Here is a breakdown of what an LFT (Liver Function Test) may include, what it does,
normal values, and what other than normal values can mean. Also drugs and other things
that can affect the results of each test.

The typical Liver Profile test includes:

Bilirubin
Protein
LDL
Alkaline Phosphatase
SGOT/AST (aspartate amino transferase)
SGPT/ALT (amino alanine transferase)
Albumin
Globulin

BLOOD BILIRUBIN:
Test evaluates liver function and the condition of red blood cells. Diagnoses jaundice.
Monitors progression of jaundice. Helps confirm diagnosis of obstruction of the bile
ducts. Helps diagnose cause of anemia.
Normal Values:
Adult indirect bilirubin levels--1.1 mg/dl or less
Adult direct bilirubin levels--Less than 0.5 mg/dl
Total bilirubin in a newborn--1 to 12mg/dl

What "high" or "increased" may indicate:

Congenital enzyme deficiencies (Gilbert's disease)
Liver damage
Severe hemolytic anemia
Obstruction of bile ducts from stones or tumors
If over 20mg/dl in a newborn, exchange transfusion may be needed.