Actions that put a person beyond the pale of Islam

Question:
What are the actions which, if a Muslim does them, he will be an apostate from
Islam?.

Answer:
Praise be to Allaah.

Shaykh ‘Abd al-‘Azeez ibn ‘Abd-Allaah ibn Baaz (may Allaah have mercy
on him) said:

Note that Allaah has commanded all people to enter Islam and to adhere to it
and to beware of whatever is contrary to it. He sent His Prophet Muhammad
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) to call mankind to that. He tells
us that those who follow him will be guided and that those who turn away
from him have gone astray. In many verses He warns against the means that
lead to apostasy and all forms of shirk and kufr. The scholars (may Allaah
have mercy on them) have said, when discussing apostasy, that a Muslim
may apostatize from his religion by doing many acts that nullify Islam,
which makes it permissible to shed his blood and seize his wealth, and
which will put him beyond the pale of Islam. Among the most serious and
most common of these things are ten which were mentioned by Shaykh
Muhammad ibn ‘Abd al-Wahhaab and other scholars (may Allaah have
mercy on them all). We will mention them in brief here, so that you and
others can beware of them, in the hope that you will be safe and sound. We
will also explain a little about them after mentioning each one.

1 – Shirk or associating others in worship with Allaah. Allaah says

(interpretation of the meaning):

“Verily, Allaah forgives not (the sin of) setting up partners (in worship) with
Him, but He forgives whom He wills, sins other than that, and whoever sets up
partners in worship with Allaah, has indeed strayed far away”

[al-Nisa’ 4:116]

“Verily, whosoever sets up partners (in worship) with Allaah, then Allaah
has forbidden Paradise to him, and the Fire will be his abode”

[al-Maa’idah 5:72]

That includes praying to the dead, seeking their help, making vows and
offering sacrifices to them or to the jinn or to the grave.
2 – Whoever sets up intermediaries between himself and Allaah, asks them
to intercede, and puts his trust in them, is a kaafir according to scholarly
consensus.

3 – Whoever does not regard the mushrikeen as kaafirs, or doubts that they
are kaafirs, or regards their way as correct, is a kaafir.

4 – Whoever believes that anything other than the teaching of the Prophet
(peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) is more complete than his
teachings, or that the rulings of anyone else are better than his rulings – such
as those who prefer the rule of false laws to his rulings – is a kaafir.

5 – Whoever hates any part of that which the Prophet (peace and blessings
of Allaah be upon him) brought, even if he acts in accordance with it, is a
kaafir, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“That is because they hate that which Allaah has sent down (this Qur’aan
and Islamic laws); so He has made their deeds fruitless”

[Muhammad 47:9]

6 – Whoever makes fun of anything in the religion of the Prophet (peace and
blessings of Allaah be upon him), or makes fun of any texts that refer to
rewards or punishments, is a kaafir. The evidence for that is the verse
(interpretation of the meaning):

“Say: Was it at Allaah, and His Ayaat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons,
signs, revelations, etc.) and His Messenger that you were mocking?

Make no excuse; you disbelieved after you had believed”

[al-Tawbah 9:65-66]

7 – Sihr (witchcraft) – including spells to turn one person against another or

to make someone love another. Whoever does this or approves of it is a
kaafir. The evidence for that is the verse (interpretation of the meaning):

“but neither of these two (angels) taught anyone (such things) till they had
said, ‘We are for trial, so disbelieve not (by learning this magic from us)’”

[al-Baqarah 2:102]

8 – Supporting the mushrikeen and helping them against the Muslims. The
evidence for that is the verse in which Allaah says (interpretation of the
meaning):
“O you who believe! Take not the Jews and the Christians as Awliyaa’
(friends, protectors, helpers), they are but Awliyaa’ of each other. And if
any amongst you takes them (as Awliyaa’), then surely, he is one of them.
Verily, Allaah guides not those people who are the Zaalimoon (polytheists
and wrongdoers and unjust)”

[al-Maa'idah 5:51]

9 – Whoever believes that some people are allowed to operate outside the
law of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) just as al-
Khidr operated outside the law of Moosa (peace be upon him) is a kaafir,
because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):

“And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of
him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers”

[Aal ‘Imraan 3:85]

10 – Turning away from the religion of Allaah, not learning it and not acting
in accordance with it. The evidence for that is the verse (interpretation of the
meaning):

“And who does more wrong than he who is reminded of the Ayaat (proofs,
evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of his Lord, then turns
aside therefrom? Verily, We shall exact retribution from the Mujrimoon
(criminals, disbelievers, polytheists, sinners)”

[al-Sajdah 32:22]

With regard to all of these acts that nullify Islam, it makes no difference
whether a person is joking, serious or afraid, unless he is forced to do it. All
of them are very serious, and they all happen a great deal. The Muslim
should beware of them and fear falling into them. We seek refuge with
Allaah from the things that may incur His wrath and painful punishment.
May Allaah send blessings and peace upon the best of His creation,
Muhammad, and upon his family and companions.

The fourth category includes those who believe that the systems and laws
devised by men are better than the sharee’ah of Islam, or equal to it; or that
it is permissible to refer to them for judgements and rulings, even if he
believes that referring to sharee’ah is better; or that the Islamic system is not
fit to be applied in the twentieth century; or that it was the cause of the
Muslims’ backwardness; or that it should be limited to a person’s
relationship with his Lord and not have anything to do with the other affairs
of life
The fourth category also includes those who think that carrying out the
ruling of Allaah by cutting off the hand of the thief or stoning the married
adulterer is not appropriate in the modern age.

That also includes: everyone who believes that it is permissible to rule

according to something other than the laws of Allaah with regard to
interactions, hudood punishments or other matters, even if he does not
believe that that is better than the ruling of sharee’ah, because by doing so
he is regarding as permissible something that Allaah has forbidden
according to consensus, and everyone who regards as permissible something
that Allaah has forbidden and is well known to be forbidden in Islam, such
that no Muslim has any excuse for not knowing that it is forbidden, such as
adultery, alcohol and riba, and ruling by something other than the sharee’ah
of Allaah, is a kaafir according to the consensus of the Muslims.

We ask Allaah to help us all to do that which pleases Him, and to guide us
and all the Muslims to His Straight Path, for He is All Hearing, Ever-
Responsive. May Allaah send blessings and peace upon our Prophet
Muhammad and his family and companions.
Islam Q&A
 ‫أعمال ُتخرج صاحبها من السلم‬

‫سؤال‪:‬‬
‫ً‬
‫ما هي العمال التي إذا عملها المسلم يكون مرتدا عن السلم ؟‪.‬‬

‫الجواب‪:‬‬
‫الحمد لله‬

‫قال الشيخ عبد العزيز بن عبد ال بن باز رحمه ال ‪:‬‬

‫اعلم أيها المسلم أن ال سبحانه أوجب على جميع العباد الدخول في السـلم والتمسك به والحـذر مما‬
‫ل أن من اتبعه فقد‬‫يخالفه‪ ،‬وبعث نبيه محمدًا صلى ال عليه وسلم للدعوة إلى ذلك ‪ ،‬وأخبر عّز وج ّ‬
‫اهتدى ‪ ،‬ومن أعرض عنه فقد ضل ‪ ،‬وحذر في آيات كثيرات من أسباب الردة‪ ،‬وسائر أنواع الشرك‬
‫والكفر ‪ ،‬وذكر العلماء رحمهم ال في باب حكم المرتد ‪ ،‬أن المسلم قد يرتد عن دينه بأنواع كثيرة من‬
‫النواقض التي تحل دمه وماله ‪ ،‬ويكون بها خارجًا عن السلم ‪ ،‬ومن أخطرها وأكثرها وقوعًا عشرة‬
‫نواقض ذكرها الشيخ محمد بن عبد الوهاب وغيره من أهل العلم رحمهم ال جميعًا ونذكرها لك فيما‬
‫حّذر منها غيرك ‪ ،‬رجاء السلمة والعافية منها ‪ ،‬مع توضيحات‬ ‫حَذَرها وُت َ‬
‫يلي على سبيل اليجاز ‪ ،‬لَت ْ‬
‫قليلة نذكرها بعدها ‪:‬‬

‫الول ‪:‬‬

‫الشرك في عبادة ال تعالى ‪ ،‬قال ال تعالى ‪ ) :‬إن ال ل يغفر أن ٌيشرك به ويغفر ما دون ذلك لمن‬
‫يشاء( النساء ‪ ، 116 /‬وقال تعالى ‪ ):‬إنه من يشرك بال فقد حرم ال عليه الجنة ومأواه النار وما‬
‫للظالمين من أنصار ( المائدة ‪ ، 72 /‬ومن ذلك دعاء الموات ‪ ،‬والستغاثة بهم ‪ ،‬والنذر والذبح لهم‬
‫كمن يذبح للجن أو للقبر ‪.‬‬

‫الثاني ‪:‬‬

‫من جعل بينه وبين ال وسائط يدعوهم ‪ ،‬ويسألهم الشفاعة ‪ ،‬ويتوكل عليهم ‪ ،‬فقد كفر إجماعًا ‪.‬‬

‫الثالث ‪:‬‬

‫حح مذهبهم كفر ‪.‬‬

‫ك في كفرهم ‪ ،‬أو ص ّ‬
‫شّ‬
‫من لم ُيَكّفر المشركين ‪ ،‬أو َ‬

‫الرابع ‪:‬‬

‫من اعتقد أن غير هدي النبي صلى ال عليه وسلم أكمل من هديه ‪ ،‬أو أن حكم غيره أحسن من‬
‫حكمه ‪ ،‬كالذي يفضل حكم الطواغيت على حكمه فهو كافر ‪.‬‬

‫الخامس ‪:‬‬

‫من أبغض شيئًا مما جاء به الرسول صلى ال عليه وسلم ولو عمل به فقد كفر ‪ ،‬لقوله تعالى ‪ ) :‬ذلك‬
‫بأنهم كرهوا ما أنزل ال فأحبط أعمالهم ( محمد ‪. 9 /‬‬

‫السادس ‪:‬‬
 ‫من استهزأ بشيء من دين الرسول صلى ال عليه وسلم أو ثوابه ‪ ،‬أو عقابه كفر‪ ،‬والدليل قوله‬
‫تعالى ‪ ) :‬قل أبال وآياته ورسوله كنتم تستهزئون * ل تعتذروا قد كفرتم بعد إيمانكم ( التوبة ‪ 65 /‬و‬
‫‪. 66‬‬

‫السابع ‪:‬‬

‫السحر ومنه الصرف والعطف ‪ ،‬فمن فعله أو رضي به كفر‪ ،‬والدليل قوله تعالى ‪ ) :‬وما يعلمان من‬
‫أحد حتى يقول إنما نحن فتنة فل تكفر ( البقرة ‪. 102 /‬‬

‫الثامن ‪:‬‬

‫مظاهـرة المشـركين ومعاونتهـم على المسـلمين‪ ،‬والدليـل قولـه تعالى ‪ ) :‬ومن يتولهم منكم فإنه منهم‬
‫إن ال ل يهدي القوم الظالمين( المائدة ‪. 51 /‬‬

‫التاسع ‪:‬‬

‫من اعتقد أن بعض الناس يسعه الخروج عن شريعة محمد صلى ال عليه وسلم كما وسع الخضر‬
‫الخروج عن شريعة موسى عليه السلم فهو كافر ؛ لقوله تعالى ‪ ) :‬ومن يبتغ غير السلم دينًا فلن‬
‫يقبل منه وهو في الخرة من الخاسرين ( آل عمران ‪85 /‬‬

‫العاشر ‪:‬‬

‫العراض عن دين ال‪ ،‬ل يتعلمـه ول يعمـل به ؛ والدليل قوله تعالى ‪ ) :‬ومن أظلم ممن ٌذكر بآيات‬
‫ربه ثم أعرض عنها إنا من المجرمين منتقمون ( السجدة ‪. 22 /‬‬

‫ول فرق في جميع هذه النواقض بين الهازل والجاد والخائف‪ ،‬إل المكره‪ ،‬وكلها من أعظم ما يكون‬
‫خطرًا‪ ،‬وأكثر ما يكون وقوعًا ‪ .‬فينبغي للمسلم أن يحذرها ‪ ،‬ويخاف منها على نفسه ‪ ،‬نعوذ بال من‬
‫موجبات غضبه ‪ ،‬وأليم عقابه ‪ ،‬وصلى ال على خير خلقه محمد وآله وصحبه وسلم‪ .‬انتهى كلمه‬
‫رحمه ال ‪.‬‬

‫ويدخل في القسم الرابع ‪ :‬من اعتقد أن النظمة والقوانين التي يسنها الناس ‪ ،‬أفضل من شريعة‬
‫السلم ‪ ،‬أو أنها مساوية لها ‪ ،‬أو أنه يجوز التحاكم إليها ‪ ،‬ولو اعتقد أن الحكم بالشريعة أفضل ‪ ،‬أو‬
‫أن نظام السلم ل يصلح تطبيقه في القرن العشرين ‪ ،‬أو أنه كان سببًا في تخلف المسلمين ‪ ،‬أو أنه‬
‫يحصر في علقة المرء بربه دون أن يتدخل في شؤون الحياة الخرى ‪.‬‬

‫ويدخل في القسم الرابع ‪ :‬أيضًا من يرى أن إنفاذ حكم ال بقطع يد السارق ‪ ،‬أو رجم الزاني المحصن‬
‫ل يناسب العصر الحاضر‪.‬‬

‫ويدخل في ذلك أيضًا ‪ :‬كل من اعتقد أنه يجوز الحكم بغير شريعة ال في المعاملت ‪ ،‬أو الحدود ‪ ،‬أو‬
‫غيرهما ‪ ،‬وإن لم يعتقد أن ذلك أفضل من حكم الشريعة ‪ ،‬لنه بذلك يكون قد استباح ما حرم ال‬
‫إجماعًا وكل من استباح ما حّرم ال مما هو معلوم من الدين بالضرورة ‪ ،‬كالزنى والخمر والربا ‪،‬‬
‫والحكم بغير شريعة ال فهو كافر بإجماع المسلمين ‪.‬‬

‫ونسأل ال أن يوفقنا جميعًا لما يرضيه ‪ ،‬وأن يهدينا وجميع المسلمين صراطه المستقيم إنه سميع‬
‫قريب وصلى ال وسلم على نبينا محمد وآله وصحبه ‪.‬‬