LAST-MINUTE TIPS

For Nursing Practice 1 (NP1), FOCUS on the ff:

1. Types of leadership: Autocratic, Laissez faire, Democratic, transformational,
transactional etc. etc.
2. Pattern of nursing care: Primary nursing, case nursing, functional, team etc.
3. Expanded Nursing role: Nurse Anesthetist, Nurse practitioner, Nurse Researcher etc.
4. Level of prevention by Leavell and Clark. Remember that crisis is always secondary.
5. 3 way bottle system : simply reconnect the tube, continuous bubble is a sign of
leakage, no bubbling is obstruction (in the water seal) and you should palpate the
surrounding area for sq emphysema

6. Care of clients with tracheostomy and suctioning tracheostomy tubes [sterile

technique] know the functions of the cuff, obturator and the tie, care of clients with
pooling of secretions.

7. Postural drainage: do this before meals, the positioning depending on the location of
secretion, POPEVICO [arrangement] that is positioning, percussing, vibrating and
coughing etc. study suctioning.

8. The independent and the dependent variable in research

9. Know your PURE and APPLIED as well as EXP and NON EXP also your QUANTI and QUALI
designs
10. IV fluid tonicity : D5LR is hypertonic while LR is isotonic
11. Complication of IV and its intervention such as FLUID OVERLOAD, PHLEBITIS,
INFILTRATION.
12. Blood transfusion
13. Complications of immobility: DECUBITUS ULCER, HYPO PNEUMONIA, ATELECTASIS,
DEEP VEIN THROMBOSIS

14. The VIRTUE ETHICS and ETHICS: Justice, fortitude, prudence, temperance, character,
double effect, paternalism... etc., and the Patient's bill of rights.

15. Teaching and learning steps: Man initially needs information and MOTIVATION is
needed for adherence to teaching. First step in teaching is to ASSESS LEARNING NEEDS
before planning what to teach.

16. SAFETY: Causes of injuries according to age e.g.: elderly = falls, infant = suffocation
and aspiration, adolescence = suicide and homicide. Intervention in an elderly client
who falls frequently = keep the bed at the lowest possible position. etc.

17. BON RESULOTION 220 (CODE OF ETHICS) RA 9173 AND 7164 (COMPARE AND
CONTRAST) and the CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION. (To enhance knowledge
with regards to specific field of interest)

For Nursing Practice 2 (NP2), FOCUS on the ff:

1. Stages of labor. The first stage up to the fourth stage and the LATENT ACTIVE AND
TRANSITION of the first stage. Study the intervention in all stages. Read Pilleteri for
this.

2. The menstrual cycle, what glands secret what hormones. The MENSTRUAL,
PROLIFERATIVE, SECRETORY and ISCHEMIC phase. what hormone is at peak during
what stage, etc.
3. Causes of bleeding during pregnancy: Ectopic, abruptio and previa plus their nursing
intervention.
4. Endometriosis and Endometritis.
5. IMCI: Pneumonia, Diarrhea and Dengue especially the breathing cut off (e.g. 60 for
under 2 months), Acute/Chronic cutoff [Acute diarrhea and ear infection under 14 days]
the interventions for CHILD A, B and C.
6.
7. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING PROCESS: Assessment, Planning, Implementation and
Evaluation. Refer to the DOH book. Please read this one.

8. Managerial principles, PODC, Types of budgets, direct, indirect, cash, capital,

operational budgets, (Read VENZON)

9. Read Pilliteri for: Characteristic of a toddler and preschool (e.g. asking too many
questions, negativistic for toddler. Preschool = associative, imaginary, see the world on
his own point of view, superego development etc.)

10. POISONING: Lead, aspirin, etc. etc. this is the common cause of accident among
toddlers.
11. Leukemia, Anemia and Sickle cell anemia, chemotherapy for pediatric clients.
12. NEWBORN SCREENING
13. Amniocentesis = VOID, Ultrasonography = DRINK, Leopold’s Maneuver = VOID,
Paracentesis = VOID
14. Changes during pregnancy (e.g. Leukorrhea, Braxton-Hicks, and anemia) and what
changes occurs early or late. Refer to Pilliteri.

15. Pregnancy and nutrition: Balanced diet + 300 cal for pregnant. +500 cal for
breastfeeding
16. PIH and MAGNESIUM SULFATE. (CNS down, RR down, u/o down) priority : RR

For Nursing Practice 3 and 4 (NP3 & NP4), focus on the ff:
1. Burns, Classification of Burns and Nursing Diagnosis for Burns, Drug use in burns (Silver
Sulfadiazine), Electrolyte changes in burn (hyperkalemia, hyponatremia). The WHO Pain
ladder scale, Pain medications especially Demerol, Morphine and Fentanyl. Remember
that PAIN is the hardest part for the nurse in caring for a burned victim. Burn wounds
heal by secondary intention.

2. Nursing diagnosis after anesthesia: RISK FOR INFECTION or INEFFECTIVE AIR

CLEARANCE.
3. PACU MONITORING = Q15 , SURGICAL FLOOR MONITORING = Q30
4. Pancreatitis, Cholecystitis, Hepatitis. Morphine causes spasms in the sphincter of Oddi.
Hepa B is caused by blood exchange. Hepa A is oro-fecal. Both have vaccines either
passive or active but if already exposed, Give PASSIVE.

5. Diabetes mellitus, Metformin and contrast medium (stop metformin due to renal
toxicity), Insulin rotation and administration, diabetes r/t foot care. Avoid wearing
canvass shoes, check for the sensation, and do not go outside without slippers.
PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY. OHA drugs.

6. Electrolytes abnormality especially HYPOCALCEMIA and HYPER/HYPOKALEMIA. The ECG

changes in potassium alteration, intervention and causes.

7. Myocardial infarction: ECG changes as well as nursing intervention. Causes and risk
factors. Refer to BRUNNER’S.
8. Pharmacologic and None pharmacologic pain relief: Guided imagery, Biofeedback,
Intrathecal [into the spinal canal directly to mix with CSF] and epidural [ into the
epidural space ] pain management. Side-effects of morphine in elderly = PRURITUS and
ALLERGIC RXN and RR DEPRESSION. Reason for intrathecal administration = prevent
Blood brain barrier.

9. BREAST and CERVICAL cancer. Assessment, Diagnosis and Treatment.

10. Management for a client with COLOSTOMY. The irrigation, diet and body image
alteration as well as perioperative management of a client undergoing your ABDOMINAL
PERINEAL RESECTION with permanent colostomy. Drugs given before APR such as
neomycin and sulfasuzidine, Diet before APR (low fiber), normal color of the stoma just
after APR (slightly bleeding, red and protruding).

11. Insulin administration, types and rotation. Refer to Brunner. 1 inch away from each
injection site, administer at room temp not cold to prevent lipodystrophy, abdomen has
the fastest absorption. etc.

12. Intervention during hypo and hyperglycemia

13. Care of clients with hyper and hypothyroidism, study TAPAZOLE/METHIMAZOLE and
LUGOL'S SOLUTION, PTU. Care of clients after thyroidectomy: Monitor for hypocalcemia
teach clients HEAD SUPPORT by putting hands at the back of the neck before trying to
move the head.

14. Tuberculosis and Leprosy, its early / late sign and symptoms.
15. Acute and Chronic renal failure. Causes (Post/pre/intra) and hemodialysis.
16. AGN, Rheumatoid and Osteoarthritis, Bell's Palsy and Trigeminal neuralgia
17. Study radiation and chemotherapy and their usual side effects [skin burn, redness, and
do not wet radiation mark]. Mammography, BSE, TSE, DRE, Prostate and Colon cancer,
Changes that occurs during elderly, Bladder, Colon and Cervical cancer Diagnostic
examination/CEA, Proctosigmoidoscopy, Biopsy, Pap smear.

18. Laryngeal cancer and tracheostomy care (Refer to Kozier for tracheostomy care).

For Nursing Practice 5 (NP5), FOCUS on the ff:

1. In your Test V study the following: Anxiety and anxiety disorders, The level of anxiety
and your anxiolytics, Schizophrenia: Paranoid type and Catatonic type and your nursing
interventions for these clients as well as your priority nursing diagnosis.

2. Depression and your antidepressants, Mania, Personality disorders especially your

Antisocial, Borderline and Paranoid. The defense mechanism use for different types of
disorders and the priority NURSING DIAGNOSIS for each psychiatric disorder,
Antipsychotic drugs its side effects and nursing intervention for each side effect.

3. Electroconvulsive therapy, Thought process disturbance manifestation such as Clang

Association, Pressured speech, Thought blocking, Word salad, perseveration etc.
Alteration in perception and thought like hallucination and delusion, Types of delusions
e.g. religious and persecutory. Activities and diet as well as nursing diagnosis for a
client with Mania, Depressed and Alzhemiers/Dementia patient.

4. Eating disorders and the treatments of choice (Behavior therapy for Anorexia,
Psychotheapy for the PDs, Cognitive for depression) Always answer "STAY WITH THE
CLIENT" especially if the question is about anxiety disorders and panic attacks. Always
 choose an option that will encourage verbalization of feelings, never answer an option
with the word WHY.

5. Study your counter transference and your transference, Glaucoma, Cataract and
crutch/cane walking. The principles of body mechanics, cranial nerve functioning and
how to assess them as well as their disturbances especially Bell’s and Trigeminal
Neuralgia. Meniere's disease, Delirium, Dementia, CVA/Stroke pathophysiology and
Factors.

6. Psychotherapy: Behavior therapy - aversion, operant conditioning [positive

reinforcement] systematic desensitization. Cognitive therapy is the PSYCHOTHERAPY of
choice for depression. Study therapeutic milieu - general pt management,
environmental manipulation, uses democratic leadership to test new patterns of
behavior. Community meeting is the heart of milieu therapy.

7. Pharmacotherapy : Drug classification and side effects of ANTIPSYCHOTIC,

ANXIOLYTICS, ANTIMANIC (Tegretol, Lithium, Depakene)

8. Transfer of clients from BED to CHAIR as well as MOVING CLIENT UP IN BED (READ
KOZIER)
9. Supporting the client in:
a. SUPINE (e.g. prevent neck hyperextension by putting pillow),
b. FOWLER’S (prevent posterior curvature of the spine),
c. DORSAL RECUMBENT (prevent hyperextension of the knee) AND
d. SIDELYING position (Prevent lateral flexion of the sternocleidomastoid)
10. Equipments for immobility: Trochanter roll/sandbags - prevent external rotation of the
hips. Pillow to support back, head, arms and shoulders, Footboard to prevent foot drop.
Trapeze bar to move the client up in bed. Knee gatch or pillow - to slightly flex the
client’s knee.

11. INTRODUCE CHANGE GRADUALLY - Study methods of implementing change such as

FORCE FIELD ANALYSIS - THE DRIVING AND THE RESTRAINING FORCES, FOCUS - FIND
ORGANIZE CLARIFY UNDERSTAND SOLUTION. THE PDSA CYCLE - PLAN DO STUDY ACT.

THE 6 TECHNICAL TIPS FOR THE BOARD EXAMINATION

1. Accept the fact that you can never know everything. Therefore, once you see an
unfamiliar question that was never been taught, use your test taking strategies.

2. If you are in Test I, II, III, and IV and you are being asked to prioritize, Use ABC first and
then Maslow's Hierarchy of needs.

3. The use of your nursing process is heralded by the word: "The Nurse Would” or “The
nurse's initial action" Remember to Assess first before intervening. If the situation and
the question already assessed the patient, then proceed with the next step.

4. Encircle your modifiers. Some people make mistakes because of failure to see the word,
"EXCEPT" or "NOT" or "INAPPROPRIATE"

5. Use your questionnaires as your scratch. You can write anything on that paper. If you
will skip a number, place an asterisk or encircle the number.
6. DO NOT USE BLUNT PENCIL. Always use a sharp one and shade lightly. A sharpened
pencil will give a very dark shade even if you will shade it lightly. Use the sides of the
pencil not the tip. Use MONGOL NUMBER 2 ONLY. Some brands especially those made
in china pencils are substandard. The machine will check the lead. If you are
INCONSISTENT with your shading like altering dark and light shades, you will FAIL the
boards because of technicalities.