Mr. Linehan Honors U.S.

History 1 Final
Essay 3
A- Alexander Hamilton

First loyalty to United States

Nationalist Immigrant

Proponent of strong national government

Assumption plan- federal govt. assumes debt from states, pull wealthy into govt.

Bank of the United States-attract wealthy, sell 80% in stock, raise capitol to pay off war debt

Hamilton's Five Step Program

Founder of federalist party

Put his support behind Jefferson to make him president

B- John Marshall
-Supreme Court Justice
-Established the Court's power to review laws of Congress and the states
-Dartmouth Vs. Woodward
-Defined corporate charters issued by state legislature as contracts which future lawmakers could not
altar or recind
-Gibbons Vs. ogden
-Struck down on monopoly that NY legislature granted to steamboat navigation
-Marbury vs. Madison
-Declared Judiciary Act of 1789 as unconstitutional
-Created power of judicial review~Court had right to determine if Congress violates Constitution
C- Henry Clay
2nd Missouri Compromise in 1821
• Clay was able to make a compromise that Congress could agree on
• The new issue was that Missouri's state constitution violated the “comity” clause which said that
each state must recognize the rights of citizens of other states
• His proposal: Accept the State Constitution as is, but instruct Missouri that it can’t deprive the
citizens of any states their rights under the U.S> Constitution
The “corrupt bargain” in 1824
 • Basically Jackson vs. John Q. Adams in 1824 presidential election.
• Clay is eliminated after no one gets majority of votes
• The election goes to the H.o.R where Clay publicly declares his support of JQA
• This helps Adams win the election. Afterwards, Clay becomes the Secretary of State
• Jackson and his followers call this a corrupt bargain
Compromise of 1850
• A result of California approaching statehood as well as a balance of 15:15 in terms of free to slave
states
• Components:
o 1. California will come in as a free state (N)
o 2. Remainder of Mexican cession will be popular sovereignty (S)
o 3. Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C. (N)
o 4. Slavery still legal in Washington D.C.(S)
o 5. Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 - federal commissioners/ bounty hunters can go to the
north and take runaway slaves. In addition, northern people must cooperate with the
commissioners (S)
Able to stop nullification of the Tariff of 1828 (The tariff of Abominations) by South Carolina
• Clay was able to broker a deal that would gradually lower the tariff
Also remember that Clay was the head of the Warhawk Party. He wanted war with Britain and was a
strong reason we went to war
In addition, he was a strong proponent of the American System - 1. a tariff 2. a national bank 3. internal
improvements
Clay was the leader and founder of the American Colonization Society

D- Frederick Douglass

-Fugitive slave, prominent abolitionist

-Advised Lincoln to employ black soldiers

-Advocate of giving emancipated slaves’ right to vote

-Active in all reform movements, including women’s rights