Op-Amps Applications 1

Op-Amp Circuits
Zack Phillips and Jenna Rock

gain circuits are located in Figures 5, 6, and 7. For Figures 2,

Abstract—This lab illustrates the function of an inverting, 3, and 4 the input is shown in red and the output is shown in
differentiating, and integrating Op-Amp circuit. green.

I. INTRODUCTION

T HIS lab demonstrates the operation characteristics of an

inverting, differentiating, and integrating Op-Amp circuit.
The frequency effects of these Op-Amps are also analyzed.

II. PROCEDURE
A. Equations
The equations used for the lab preparation were as follows:
Rf
1. Av = −
RA Figure 2: Gain of -1
−1
2. Vo =
sR1C2
1
1
R1C 2 ∫0
3. Vo = VC − v1(t ' )dt '

These equations provided values to compare the simulation

and hands-on measurements to.

B. Inverting Op-Amp Circuit.

Figure 3: Gain of -10
The circuit shown in Figure 1 was the circuit used to build
the inverting amplifier. The tool used to simulate the circuit
was National Instrument’s Multisim software package.
3
7 1 5 U1
0 R3 2 3

1kΩ 6
11 V2
2
12 V
1 1kΩ
R1 4 741
0.2 Vpk 4
500 Hz
0° 12
0 Vsig 100kΩ
R2

Figure 4: Gain of -100

Figure 1: Inverting Op-Amp
The inverting Op-Amp circuit in Figure 1 was designed and
tested with three different gains. The first gain was -1, the
second was -10, and the last was -100. The corner frequencies
for each circuit were calculated and recorded in Table 1. The
resistor values for each gain are also located in Table 1. A
plot of the gain for the -1, -10, and -100 are located in Figures, Figure 5: Bode plot for gain of -1
2, 3, and 4 respectively. Bode plots for the -1, -10, and -100
Op-Amps Applications 2

Figure 6: Bode plot for gain of -10

Figure 7: Bode plot for gain of -100 Figure 10: Gain of -100
As expected, the values for the computer simulation closely
Gain -1 -10 -100 followed the results of the physical circuit. In order to be able
Rf 1KΩ 1KΩ 1KΩ to see all of the output for Figure 9, the setting had to be
Ra 1KΩ 10KΩ 100KΩ altered slightly. The input was one volt per division, but the
Corner 488.6KHz 1.273MHz 1.394MHz output was set to five volts per division. Theses were the same
Freq. settings for Figure 10. To get a non clipped wave form on the -
Table 1: Inverting Op-Amp Values 100 gain circuit shown in Figure 10, the input voltage had to
The output plots of the physically built circuits are be decreased 0.1 V.
contained in Figures 8, 9, and 10.
C. Differentiating Op-Amp Circuit.
A differentiating Op-Amp was constructed that accepts a
triangular wave and outputs a square wave. The
differentiating Op-Amp circuit is located in Figure 11.
VCC
15V

VCC

0 R2
7 1 5 U1
3
1kΩ
3

6
C1
1 2
XFG1
4.7nF
Vin 4 741
R1 Vout
1kΩ
0 VDD
Figure 8: Gain of -1

VDD
-15V
Figure 11: Differentiating Op-Amp.

The output plot generated by the simulation is located in

Figure 12, and the physical circuit output is located in figure
13. For Figure 12, the input is shown in red and the output is
shown in green.

Figure 9: Gain of -10

Figure 12: Differentiator Simulation Output

Op-Amps Applications 3

Figure 16: Integrator Circuit Output

Figure 13: Physical Differentiator Output.
D. Integrating Op-Amp.
An integrating Op-Amp was designed such that an input
square wave was converted to a triangular wave. The
integrating Op-Amp circuit is located in Figure 14.
As shown in the results of the physical circuit, the given
parameters of a 10V peak to peak square wave causes a
distortion in the top of the output triangular wave. To fix this
problem, the input voltage was reduced to 1V peak to peak.
This drop in voltage resolved the distortion issue, and the new
output is shown in Figure 17.

VCC
15V

VCC

0 R2
7 1 5 U1
3
1kΩ
3

6
R1 1 2
XFG1
1kΩ
Vin 4 741
C1
Vout
0 VDD
4.7nF

Figure 17: Corrected circuit output.

VDD
-15V
Figure 14: Integrating Op-Amp circuit

The output from the computer simulation is located in III. CONCLUSION

Figure 15, and the physical circuit output is located in Figure This lab demonstrated how versatile the Op-Amp can be. It
16. For Figure 15, the input is shown in green and the output is also showed how accurately a computer simulation tool can
shown in red. model the operation of real-world Op-Amp circuits.

Figure 15: Integrator Circuit Simulation Results