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2. BA.. Katherine M. D. Dunbabin, "Sic erimus cuncti... The Sceleton in Graeco-roman Art", JdII0l (1986), 185c255, ELf(.1-59 (EbciJ ab. 237-238, ELX.48). To ~UOLXOcure ugSgo, flE nA.OUOLU~L~A.LOygucplu XaL ELxovOygucpTjOTj, OUYXEV'tgcOVEL OUVOA.O TO 0XEMv rou 'UA.LXOU, TO oaoto XaL 'tu!;LVOflEl, flE UV'tLXElflEVUaLU orroto anaxovlt,ov'taL OXEA.ESgU EA.A.TjVOQ'tTjS; gWflU'LXl'jS;tEXVTjS;. ' 3. Ttn 'to Sglufl~o 'tTjS;fluxu~gLaS; En0xl'js; XaL 'tTjS;SEflaLoygucpluS; 'tTjS;(130S;-150S; ct.) ~A.. M. Vovelle, 00 Mvaroe; xai iJ L1va1) [m;o rol300 we; iii; ,.dgEe; tuu; (fl'tCPg. K. KougEflEVOS;),TOflOS; A' , ASl'jvu 2000, 143-156. IILo ouvorruxn TO SUVaLO OTO Msoutcovc nguYflu'tEUE'taL TjDaniele Alexandre-Bidon, La mort au Moyen au Moyen Age, Xllle-Xs/Ie siecle, IIuglOL 1998.

H [.lE1a~utdVLLVljELXOVaOU OXEAE8gou L

355

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23. «Potentibus ergo' nobis et accuratissime lautitias mirantibus laruam argenteam attulit seruus sic aptatam, ut articuli eius uertebraeque laxatae in omnem partem ilecterentut. Hanc cum super mensam semel iterumque abiecisset, et catenatio mobilis aliquot figuras exprimeret, Trimalchio adiecit: Eheu nos miseros, quam totus homuncio nil est! Sic eiimus cuncti, postquam nos auferet Orcus. Ergo uiuamus, dum licet esse bene». IIE"CQwvLOC;. Seiiiicon, XXXIV. 8-10. (EXC. xm [.ltqJQ. A. Emout, Les Belles Lettres, IIaQ[aL
1970. o. 30-31).

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cpaVELES; f.W"LOQ01JV to CPLAOSEV~OOUV: vc 0cpQaYLMAL80lJS;, XEQal.uxa xunEAAa xm XUQLCDS; 'lj)ytCPLOCDta OamOa, ano tQLXALVLa OLXLWYcrnv JtAELOVOtytto. roix, H Em YQacp~ llaALOta 'XTW XQw maVCD OE xumAAa xm 0cpQaYLMAL80lJS;, nou OlJVOOEUa crtoocpxcouevc ooro, lJnOllvytllatL~EL ~CDytQa to. nAEOvExt~llato. tCDVanoAauoECDv tytS;~CD~S;24. 'EWL, OEIlLa 'tjJytCPLOCD'L~ naQaotaoyt ano rnv Ilounntc rou 10lJ ci, Il. X. (NanOAyt, aQL81l. 9978) Evas; OXEAE'LOS; xQa.ta ore XEQLa rou Mo xocoox«VatES; (ELI(.,3)25.2:' Eva aAAO 'tjJytCPLOCDtO, nQoEQxollEVO crto tQLXALVLOoLxLas;, mLoytS; tytS; IIo!lJtytLas; xm m8avo'Lata tytS; LOLaS; ox~s; (NanOAyt, aQL81l. m 78289), Eva xocvto, nco xQEIlEtm IlE IlLa XACDOt~ ow yvwllova rou rexrova (ELI(.,4), LOoQQonEL lla~L IlE IlLa mtaAouOa orov tQOXo tytS;TUXytS;26. :tLS; 2 Mo nAElJQES;rou yvwllova EXOlJVavaQtyt8d avtLO'LOLxa, ano tyt IlLa yt ~axtytQLa xm to. XOlJQEALaOfA,EVa Qouxa rou maLtyt xct ceto rnv aAAyt to. ~aOLALXa oUIl~oAa, nOQcpuQa, ox~JttQo xm OLaOytlla. Emotputeuovroi EOcb to. OU~t~OAa tytS; aOta8ELaS; YLa va ESlJcpaVOlJVtnv anaM rou 8avatoll XaL tnv a~E~mOtytto. tytS; ~LO'L~S;. no IlLa XACDO'L~ A xQEIlEtm yt ~CD~xm yt lloLQa oAa to. avanoOoYlJQL~EL. To. nAOU'Lyt xm yt ESOlJOLa unooouv XaAALOta v'aAAasOlJV XEQLa. AS; 8lJIlyt80UllE nCDS; LOOUAOLtou TQLllaAXLCDva XEQOLO ~OlJVtEALXa rnv EAE1J8EQLaOlJS;27,aAAa XL 0 LOLOS; VytOEtyt ~CD~rou ceto t SEXL 28. to rutotc XL ECPtLasEIlEYaA yt nEQLOlJOLa Tnv otxouuevrxotrttc rou xaQaxt~Qa tytS; mox~s;, tyt OlJoowQE1Joyt rou nAoutOlJ, MyCD tytS; E!lJtOQLX~S;oQaOtytQLOtytto.S; aou YEVVytOEIlLa EunoQyt xm LOXlJQ~aO'LLX~ tasyt, rnv XOLVCDVLX~ LVyttLxOtytta tou nAyt8lJOIlOU, OLEX mL AOLnov Evas; Aa'Cxos; CPLAOOOCPLXOS; 0Q80AOYLOIl0S; ElJQUto.tytS;anooox~c;

24. BA. Dunbabin, 6. rt., 231-232. 25. BA. Maria Rosaria Borriello, Marinella Lista, Urn. Pappalardo, Valeria Sampaolo, Carmen Zivlello, Le colJezioni del tnuseo nazionale di Napoli, PcO~T]1986, 121, ELK 38. ErtlOIlS; Dunbabin, 6. rr., 215-216, we 25. 26. BA. Maria Rosaria Borriello, x.c., o.sr., 118, ELK 24. I1Q~A. Dunbabin, 6. rt., 213-214, ELX.22. 27. «Diffusus hac contentione Trimalchio: "Amici, inquit, et semi homines sunt et aeque unum lactem biberutit; etiam si illos malus fatus oppresserit. Tamen me saluo cito aquam liberam gustabunt. Ad summam, omnes illos in testamento mea manu initto», I1EtQcOVLOS;, Setiricon, LXXI, 1,6. n., o. 71. 28. LLT]V EmYQacpi] nou 0 TQL[laAXLWvas; ~T]Lava xaQa~ouv otov tnrpo LOUavacpEQEtaL ~ELa~u aA.Awv: «ex paruo creuit, sestettium reliquit ttecenties», I1ELQcOVLOS;, Setiiicon, LXXI, 12,6. n., o. 72.

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29. BA. nugunavw unoGTU.!.. 2. 2 30. LE mL"t1J[l~LEC; EmYQucpEi;lWV 20u-30u cuovcov Unall] MLxga AOLU ELvm OUXVEC; OL ngolQonEe; OLLe; unOAUUOELC;1l]e; ~wTje;. LE [lLU EmYQucpTj uno rnv KLALXLU (Sinabic) . bLU~a~OU[lE: «'A[lEA.11e;,NEWV AEYLTOLe;cpLAOLe;, Ewe; ~fie; ~tE1UA.a.[l~UVE rtrrvtcrv;». LE ~lLU anl] ana rnv TEQ[ll]OOa 1l]e; IlLOLbLue; nQoEXouv 01l] ~wiJ OL UALXEe; nOAUUOELe;:«Ktw, u XQw, EucpQmvE oacutov 6 ~loe; mUlu; - "Oonr; av OEaUtOV, EucpQaV'tlC; lJ[lEQUe;/ lUUtUe; ~lov Va[lL~E, lae; b' anue; XQavov; - XULQOLe;, nUQobEL1U' (~tu)8wv OtL namv 6~toLOV W 10LOLV~(Q)OTOLOLlEAOe;, / Eucpg<mV>E 10 ~fiv, Iocp'OOOV~D(e;).MLu lQLll] cno LOUe;AL~UvouC; E~uQlall]V UALxiJ Eubm[lOVLU uno rnv owoxootc xm 10 CPUYl]la: «~Av80e; LOLe;nnQobEllme; XUlQLV: Aouom, JrLE, cpaYE,~ElVl]OOV' 10U1WV yaQ WbE xalW [ou]bE[v] EXLC;.». AvaAOYl] Elvm xm n OU[l~ouM rrcu blvEL EVUe;YEQOe; 3 ELWVOE[lLU EmygucpiJ «no tnv 8 Kro: «OUVO[lu Xpuoovovo; Nucpwv A.a.1QLe; Iov8abE xELlm, rrnvri AEYWVnUQabq:r IIELvE, ~AEmLe; 10 lEAOe;. 'E1WV ny' .», ~A. L. Robert, "Voyages epigraphiques en Asie Mineure", RevPhil17 (1943), 170-201 (Ebw ELb. 182-183). LE [lLU tEAEUtulu Emygucpi), uno LOV rorpo evo; [lovo[laxou, 0 cvcnorpeuxto; 8avul0e; uvrL[lELWnL~ELm uovo ue uALxa [lEOU: «IIuL~E, YEAU, nugobELlu, ~AEnwv alL xul OE 8UVELVbEL.», ~A. L. Robert, "Hellenica", RevPhi118 (1944), 53-56. IIQ~A. mlol]e; G. Kaibel, Epigrammata Greece, Hildesheim 1965,508 (uQL8. 1129). 31. «Valde enim falsum est uiuo quidem domos cuitas esse, non curari ess, ubi diutius nobis habitandum est», IIELQwvLOe;, Setiticon, LXXI, 7, a. n., o. 71.

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omgo.nae; J1"CWXEUOV"Cue; nug' uinoLe; xul n"Cm "CugLxonwAoUV"CUe; un' unogLue; n "Ca. ngw"Cu ISLi'l6.oxOV"CuC;ygo.[.l[.w"Cu xul uno "Cou "CuxoV"Coe;u~gL~O[.lEVOUe; xul xma. xoggnc; naLO[.lEVOUe; womg "Cwv uvbgunolSwv "Ca.uU[.lo"Cmu. <l>LALnnov youv tov Mcxsoovc EYciJ 8WOo.[.lEVOe; OiJbE xgmELv E[.lUU"COUbuvmoe; nv' EbELx8n bE uo, EV ywvL<;1 uvl [.lw80u UXOU[.lEVOe;"Ca.ou8ga. tcov unobn[.lo."Cwv. noUove; bE xul aUoue; nv 1lSELvEV "CuLe;"CgLOoo«; [.lE"CaL"COUV"CUe;, SEgSue; 'AEyw xul ~ugELoue; xul IIoAuxgo."CUe;.», ow LbLO, 17, 15-27,
0.102-103. 34. BA. B. Ilcnnuocvvou, "0 Aovxwvor; 6 flEyrlAor; aan(!LXOr; rfir; G.(!xmorT/rar;. 2:vfl{3oAiI arilv xooovoiaan rfir; bwxfir; roD {3iov xai roD E(!YOVrov, 0WoUAOVLXn 1975, 194195.

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38. «intellegit ibi uitium uas eiiicere ipsum, omniaque illius uitio corrumpier intus quae conlata foris et commoda cumque uenirent;», A01Jxg1]tLOC;, De rerum natura, VI, 17-19 (exo, XaL flLCPg. . Emout, Les Belles Lettres, IIuQtQL 1972, 0.103). A 39. «Denique auarities et honorum caeca cupido quae miseros homines cogunt trensceiuiere fines iutis, et interdum socios scelerum atque ministros noctes atque dies niti praestante iebote ad summas etnetgere opes, haec uolnera uitae non minimam partem mortis formidine aJuntur.», OLO U'iLO, III, 59-64, o. 88. 40. «Consimili ratione ab eadem seepe timore macerat inuidia: ante oculos ilIum esse potentem, illum especsti, clero qui incedit honore, ipsi se in tenebris uolui caenoque queruntur. Intereunt partim statuarum et nominis ergo. Et seepe usque adeo, mortis formidine, uitae percipit humanos odium lucisque uidendae, ut sibi consciscant maerenti pectore Ietutn, obliti fontem curarum hunc esse timotetn, hunc uexare pudorem, hunc uincula amicitiai tumpete, et in summa pietatem euetteie suasu.», OLD tow, III, 74-84, o. 88-89.

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371

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58. BA. II. A BoxO"tO:rWUAOt;, Elxove; Tfj~ KE{!XV{!a~, M. I. E. T., A8nva 1990, 6366, ax. 41-43, 153- 157. AA.A.ou, 0 KAOV"tSUt; (MagxLavot; EA.A.nV. w6. VII 22, cpUA.89r) x 8u a:Tt:ELXOVLaEL 6gmavLa"t'!j ustcotnvrc ue rnv xAE'ljJu6ga "tOUXgovou oro XEgLLOU va lOV XLVEL"taLUnELAl]1LXU EVUV1LOV"tOU "tEAE1J1ULOUUSUV1LVOUuULOxgcnogu KWvatUV1LVOU ~ IIUAaLOAOYOU XaL VU E"tOLflUSE1aL lOU nugEL"tl] sw'!j (ELX.8). H aXl]v'!j 6LaLl]gd SWV1UVE£: VU tLt; uvuflv'!jaELt; "tnt; alOxaa1LXnt; mrrovvoxrinr; lOU cpLAoaocpou rcov gWflU'CXWV Xgovwv anEvuV1L oro 8uvaLo. BA. A8. IIUALOUgut;, '0 I;,wy{!acpor; TeW{!ywr; KAoVTl;,ar; (1540 ci. -1608) xai at {ux{!oy{!acpim TOV xwtmwr; ainoi), A8nvaL 1977, 117,218-219, rriv. 189. 59. 'Hor] ce EmYQuflflaLU tou 30u ut. rt. X., aou an06L60V1aL orov Lwtu6l] rov McpoiVEL uvayvwgLSE1aL nwt; n uv8Qwm vn Eu6aLflOVLU EL anoQgOLu "tnt; "tUXl]t; XaL 6Ev unorn, VaL QEL EmXELQl]8d flLa EVXgovw auvoALx'!j XaL OAOXAl1QW"tLX'!j v« Un01Lfll]a'!j "tl]t;, YLU1Luvu nuau a"tLYfl'!j 6UVU1aL va flE1U~Al]8EL. H WW"tEgLX'!j uutovvoiotn ano"tEAEL 10 uovcoixo flEaoXaL 6wgo rcov 8EWV- "tl]t; awcpQovot; ~LOAOYLX'!jt;nrrovounorp; XaL nQoa6LoQLaflOU tOU XOLr YOU flEQLa1LXOUevxoouiou XQovou rorv OV1WV: «EL XUL ~amAE1Jt; nEcpuxat;, cbt; 8vn"t6t; axouaov. o.v flaxQu n"tul.1t;, CPAEYflU1L "tQJxgaLEL nEQLaacp. o.v XQuaocpoQut;, tonto "tUxnt; EO"tLVEnugflu. o.v nAoUmOt; ut;, roirto XQovwv Ci6nAOt; taxut;. o.v uAaswv Ut;, WUt' UVOLUt; Ea"tL cpQuaYflu. o.v 6f: awcpQovut;. totrco 8EWV 6wQov unugXEL. ooxpocouvn nUQw1Lv, o.v flE1Q1it; osoutov.», Iwuvvl]t; LlO~ULOt;, 'ExAoyai y ", 26 (Ex6. O. Hense, Weidmann, BEgOALVO 1958. Touor; I, a. 590). LE flLa 8uufluma flLxgOygUcpLU EVOt;YEQflUVLXOUXELQoYQucpourtou XQOVOAOYEL"taL re o 1461 (Ms. germ. 312, cpUA.98r, Movuxo, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek) us 8Eflu "tOV1QOXO"tl]t; sw'!jt;, ELXOVLsOV1aL YUQw uno rev "tQOXo"tl]t; "tUXl]t;-sw'!jt; (Rota vite alias fortune) OLl]ALXLEC; "tOUuv8gwnou, «no m YEVVl]On"tOU,Wt; vrpuo, flEXgL"tO Brrvcto tou, wt; unoaagxwflEvo ocouo. BA. R. Klibansky, E. Panofsky, F. Saxl, Satume et Ja Meiencolte. IIuQLm 1989,460, ELX.

372

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63. G. Duby, L 'Europe au Moyen Age. Art romain, art gothique, IIagLm 1990,249. 64. Ph. Bruneau, M. Torelli, X. Barra! i Altet, Sculpture. From Antiquity to the Present Day, (EXC.G. Duby), KOAwvLa 2002,484-485, ELX.cLxwC;!lgL8[lT]0T] O'T] o. 485. BAEnE ErrLOT]C; OLovxmuAoyo ,T]C;Ex8EOT]C; L'empire du temps, 6. n., 147, CagL8.xmaA. 143-144). O,ucpOC; ELvm Oli[lEga xmaxEg[la'W[lEvOC; xcu xunma onaguY[law BgLoxov,m ow M01JoELo Calvet 'T]C;ABLVL6v. 65. Duby, 6. a., 247, 254, ELX.441. 66. BA. otov xmuAoyo 'T]C;Ex8EOT]C; n01J ogyavW8T]XE cno 'T] BaOLALX'rlBLBAL08r\xT]rcov Bg1J~EAAWV crro 14 IPEBgo1JagLo1J-28 Mag,Lo1J 1992, Isabelle de Ramaix, Les Sedeler. Graveurs et editeuts, Bg1J~EAAEC; 1992,49 xm agL8. xmaA. 59. 67. J. Burckhart, La civilisation de la Renaissance en Itelie, T6[loC; III, IIagLoL 1958,86, ELX.236. EnLoT]C;,BA. Garidis, Le peinture, 6. rr., 150-151, ELK 150.

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68. BA.. R. SticheI, Studien zum Verh81tnis von Text und Bild split- und nacllbyzantinischen Vergiinglichkeitsdarstellungen, Bisvvn 1971,25-28, ELX. 3. 69. BA..nUQun<'LvCD 1JnoaTJ[.L. 29. 70. VoveIIe, 6. rr., 143-145,
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qui genus huinanum ingenio supereuit, et omnis restinxit, stellas exottus ut eetherius sol», AOUKQnLLO~, De rerum natura, III, 10271044,0, n., 0,123-124.

Tl.e.Ceite quidem finis uitae mortalibus adstat, nec deuiteii letum pote quin obeemus», oro U'no, III, 1078-1079, c. 125.
ME UltOAutll oacpnvELU KUL 0 OQ6.LLO~Su EmOll[L6.VELltUl~ ltAOUOLOLKUL lttUlXoL [LltQoot6. oro S6.vUtO ELvULLOLOL: Pallida Mots aequo pulsat pede pauperum tabemas regnum turns», « OQ6.tLO~, Carrninum, IV, 13-14, (EKO. KUL [LtCPQ.F. Villeneuve, Les Belles Lettres, IIuQLm 1970, c. 12).

380

b'llAUbi] 'Il bWcPOgEtLXOt'lltU, EVcb crnv un'll to OUOLUOtLXO 86:varo~xaL to Qi]flu 8vrjaxwJtEQLygacpouv to OUAAOYLXOJtEJtgWflEVO, rnv uJtoxatuOtao'll t'llS; E~utOflLXEUflEV'IlS; bguO'llS;coto rnv XU80ALXi] uAij8ELU ron JtEgUtoS; t'llS; ~wi]S;. Tic un'll flLUcpOgU xatUbELXVUEtaL 'Il flutaLot'lltU rou ~[ou flEOU cno rnv evrcon t'llS; bguo'llS;, ortou 'Il tEAE'UtULU EmflEg[~EtaL EbcboE bwcpogouS; toflELS; XaL Jtgoowrtu. 0 IJtJtoxgut'llS;, OL XUAbULOL, 0 M. AAE~uvbgoS;, 0 Iloumuoc; 0 rULOS; KULoug, uno. XaL 0 HgUXAELtOS; ue tOY ~'IlfloxgLtO, tEAEUt'llOUV t'll ~LOti] touS;78. fLutgo[ nou ooucpgwouv to cpgubw tOUS; OtO JtgOOXEcpUAL tWV U08EVcbv tOUS;, UOtgOAOYOL nou JtgOE~AE'ljJaV to Oovcro rorv UAAWV, CPLAOOOcpOL rtou OtoxuOt'llXUV UJtELgES; cpOgES;YLU to 8uvuto XaL rnv U8UVUOLU, JtgLYXLJtES; XaL tuguvvOL OL OitOLOL xatUXguOt'llXUV rnv uv8gcbmv'Il ~wi], xu8cbS; XaL JtOAELS;,oJtwS; 'Il EALX'Il, 'Il IIOflJt'llLU XaL to EgXOUAUVO yVcbgLOuv, UVtLOtOLXU, to 8uvuto XaL rnv xutaOtgOcpi]79. ~ELVOL, tEAOS;, gi]togES; XaL OJtOUbULOL CPLAOOOCPOL, oJtwS; 0 Hgo.XAEL roc, 0 II u8uyoguS;, 0 LWXgUt'll£ XaL EJtLO'llS;0 Eubo~oS;, 0 'IJtJtugxos; XL 0 AgXLfli]b'llS;, i]g8uv JtgoowJto flE JtgoowJto flE rnv UXUgWtLXi] bLo.OtUO'll rou 8uveXtou. Ev xutuXAELbL, OOtWLXOS; OUVOljJL~EL tOY tEAEOAOYLXO xuguxti]gu t'llS; uv8gcbmv'IlS; bguo'llS;, ortou xuvdS; bEY flJtOgEL VU JtuguxUflljJEL tOY Ocvcto. TOUAUXLOtOv yw usgLXOUS; 'Il uvucpogu tOU OVa flat aS; roix bEY 8u cp8ugd: «'OAOL U'UtOL XgLvE

rc orn OXEljJ'Il,XaL ern bguo'll, uvUyvWgl~EtaL

78. <<IrmoxgCl.1:ne;:r"[QHae; voooix laoaflEvoe; ain:oe; V00110ae; cm:E6avEv. Ol XaAoaIOL noHwv 6avatoue; ngonyogEuoav, Elta xaL autoUe; to mngwflEvov xatEAa~Ev. 'AAE~avogoe; xaL 1l0~mnLoe; xaL faLOe; KaLoag oAae; nOAELe;agonv roccutcxu; aVEAOvtEe; xaL EV nagata~EL noHae; flugLuoae; tnnEwv xaL nEl~wv xataxo'ljJUvtEe; xaL nirrot store fi;fiA60v toU ~lou. 'HgaXAELtoe; mgL tfie; tOU XOOflOUExnugowoEwe; roocirrc qJ1JOLOAoYrlOae; uoatoe; to. EVtOe; nAngw6ELe; ~OA~LtQJ xa.taxExgLOflEvoe; anE6avEv. ~nfloxgLtOv OE ot cp6ELgEe; », Magxoe; AugrlALOe;, Tt: fie; iautov, III. 3 (EXO.xm fltCPg. AI. Trannoy, Les .... Belles Lettres, llagLOL 1925, 0.19). 79. «'EVVOELVOUVExWe;,no om flEV latgoL MOtE6vrlxaoL. nOAAaXLe;tae; ocpgue; imEg trirv aggwotWV cuoncocvte; noooi oE fla6n~lanxoL, aHwv Ocvcrou; we; n flEya ngoeurovre;: rtoooi oE cpLAOoocpm. nEgL Bnvrrrou n a6avaolae; ~lugla OLatELvU~LEVOL" rtooor oE agLOtELe;. noHoue; anoxtElvavtEe;' noooi oE tugavvm E~ouolq. '\jluxwv flEta OELVOU cpguaYflatOe; we; a6uvatm xExgnflEvoL' nooci 6E nOAELe;oAm. LV' out we; ELnw. tE6vrlxaOLV.'EAlxn xaL Iloumuo; xaL 'HgxAavOV xaL aHm avagL6flntm. ~Em6L oE xnl, oooue; oloae;, aHov En' aHcp' 6 flEV rourov xnOEuoae; Etta E~Eta6n. 6 oE EXELVOV' rtdvtn oE EV ~gaXEL. To yag OAOV,xanOELv aEL to. av6gwmva we; EcpnflEga xaL EUtEAfj xni Ex6Ee; usv flu~agLOv", allgLOv OE tagLXoe; n tEcpga.». oro lOLO.IV. 48. o. 38.

381

JtCDr; tE8avav EbeDXaL JtOAUXaLQO. Tt ELVaL'to 8aullao't0 o'm;'tour;; KaL'tL J AOLJtOVva JtELxuvELr; yw ooou; JtaQallEvoUv aVeDvulloL;»80~ AVo.Aoya, oro Em'tull~LO avaYAucpoaJtO rn Proun rrou ~QLOXE'taLoijllEQa O'tO BQE'taVLXO Mouoeto (ELK 19)81, XQOVOAOYl]IlEVO cto 'tEAl] 'tOU 20u/aQXEr; 'tOU 30u m.. u.X, l] eixovc 'tOU OXEAE8Qou UJtObl]AeDVEL'tl]V xo'taQYl]ol] 'tl]r; E~a'tOIlLXEUOl]r; nco xaQax'tl]QL~EL ro EIl~La ovtc, 'OJtCDr;aAACDO'tE avacpEQELXaL l] OUVObEU'tLxij EmYQacpij, xavEva O'tOLXELO bEV ouvnYOQELOLl]V E~aYCDyij aocpaAOUr; oUIlJ"tEQaolla'tOr; yw rnv rcurctnro 'tOU ELXOVL~OIlEVOU VEXQOU.Kcvee; bEV 1lJ"t0QEL a oUIlJtEQavEL eov 0 OUYXEXQLv IlEVOr; VEXQOr;'tamL~E'taL IlE 'tOY aOXl]llo 8EQOL'tl] ij IlE 'tOY OIlOQCPO NLQEa. H JtaQao'taol] bLbaoxEL JtCDr; LaQxijr; 'tEALxa ELVaL1l0VO 0 8ava'tOr;, EVeD b l] olloQcpLa XaL l] buolloQcpLa JtQOOXaLQEr;. r; 8UIll]80UIlE 0'tL 0 MEVLJtJtOr; orn A Nexinouavteia 8a av'tLIlE'tCDJtLOEL IlEyaAl] buoxoALa va avayvCDQLoEL ava.ueoo otouc Jtonour; XaL aJt0yullvCDIlEVOUr; OXEAE'tOUr;,rrou XOL'ta~av IlE CPO~EQO abELo ~AElllla XaL EbELxvav ro oovnc tou; YUllva, 'tOY aOXl]llo XaL XaL bELM 8EQOL'tl] coto 'tOY JtavElloQcpo N LQEa,'tOY maL'tl] 'IQo aJto 'tOY AAXLVOO, ~aOLALa 'tCDV<paLaXCDV,ij 'tOY llaYELQa IIuQQLa urto 'tOY AyallEuvovc, «~LO'tL bEV toix EIlELVEJtAEOVxavEva JtaAaLO YVeDQLOlla, ana'ta oorc rour; ij'tav allow, aoacpij XaL XCDQLr; bLaXQL'tLXa XaL YL'au'tO 'to Myo nrov abuva'to va to ~EXCDQLOEL xavELr;»82.

**
*
80. «MELLSL virv Erd TO.ana cpUAa. 'EX.EL en'! ~LE-ca~aAELVf]~a.e; OEL.anou TOOOUTOL~LEV OELvoL gilTogEe;. TOOOUTOL oE oeuvol CPLAOOOCPOL. 'HgUx.AELTOe;. IIuSayogae;. LWx.guTne;, TOOOUTOLOE ngWEe; ngoTEgoV. TOOOUTOLOE VOTEgOV orpctnvo], TlJgavvov EnL TOUTOLe;oE EU6o~oe;, "InnagXoe;, AgXL~ilolle;, anal cpUOELe;O~ELaL, ~EYaf..6cpgovEe;, CPLAOJTOVOL. rtnvOUgyOL, auSUOELe; aUTfie; Tfie; Emx.ilgou x.aL ECPll~u~gouTWV uvSgcimwv twfie; XAEuao-cai, OLOV Mevotrro; x.aL ooot TOLoLToL.IIEgL nuVTWV TOUTWV EVVOEL,aLL nUAm x.ELVTm. Tt ouv TOUTO OELVOVaUTOLe;; TioaL TOLe;~110' ovo~ato~EVOLe; OAWe;;», (JTO iOLO, VI, 47, o. 65. 81. EA. Dunbabin, O. n., 245, ELK 54. Enovco uno TO OX.EAESQO anaVTU 11ax.OAOUST] ernygacpi]: «slrrslv Tie; ouvmm oxrrvo; AL1tOoagx.ov uSgiloae; ELnEg "YAae; 11 0EgoELTlle; dJ nagooELTa;» 82. «cmaVTEe; yag UTEXVWe; UnilAOLe; yiyvovTm a~oLOL TWV OOTWV YEYU~vw~u~vwv. nAi]v una ~OALe; TE xnl OLa nonOU uvaSEWQOUVTEe; aUTOVe; EYLYVWOX.O~EV.Ex.ELVTO0' En' UnilAOLe; u~augoL x.aL aOll~oL x.aL oMEv ELL TWV nag' f]~LLvx.aAwv CPUAUTTOVTEe;. U~EAEL nonWV EV -caUT<jJOX.EAETWVX.EL~EVWVx.aL nuVTWV 6~Loiwe; cpO~EgOV LL x.aL OLUX.EVOV OEOOgX.OTWVx.al yu~vove; TOVe; 06oVTae; ngocpmvovTwv, lJnogouv ngoe; E~aUTov qJLLVL oLax.Qivm~L TOV 0EgoiTllv uno TOU x.aAou NLgEwe; 11 TOV uetclrnv "Ipov ana TOU ¢mu-

nv,

382

H a'VtL~'r]'l:jJYj taut LOYjr;Yjr; Yj8LX~r;aAAYjYOQLar;tYjr; :n:tWOYjr;!-1E cnotYjr; t to 01J'VtE8EL!-1EVOW!-1a 6EV :n:EQLOQi,(~Etm O !-10VOoro aXOVOAOYLXO""JtE<'5LO IlEtYjr; ta~1J<;:,avnv~r; tEXVYjr;, ano. anavto. x.m ern IlEta~1J<;:,aVtLV~ AOYOtExvLa, on01J ~E~ma OL EmAOYEr; tYjr; <;:,eo~r; 1JnaYOQEuOvtm oacpwr; coto nr; EmtaYEC; tYjr; XQwtLavLX~r; Yj8LX~r;, fEVLXo., OXEtLxo.IlE to 8EIla t01J Ocvcrou, 8a unoQOUOEva 6WXQL VEt xaVELr; Ilw 01l0'I:jJ1JXLa rnv JtEQLYQacp~t01J etc x.ELIlEVa o tYjr; ~1J<;:,avtLv~r;xm IlEta~1J<;:,avtLV~r; 6Yj!-1w601Jr;AoyotExvLar;. LtO 8Q~vo YLa to 8o.vato, IIEveo~ Bavcto», ~wfJ~ uatoiov xoi JiQO~ SEOV brwrQocpitB, EQYOYj8Lxo-6L6axtLXOU JtEQLEXOIlEV01J, EYQa'I:jJEo.nOLor; Ttouotot; n01J x cno rnv KOQwvYj xru to EI;E6eoOE0 ~YjIl~tQLOr; Znvor; to 1524 orn BEVEtLa, YjAoYOtExvLa torv aQXwv tou 1601J or, XaAELtm v'aI;LOnOL~oa tYj !-1aQtUQLyvwoYj ron Bcvrrtou xm tYj vexoorntc tYjr; aAAoLeoOYjr;:n:01J01JVE:n:o.YEtm xrn va EmXaAW8EL tYj OeotYjQLOAOYLX~ avu'\jJeooYj crnv mwvw <;:'eo~. LtO OtLXouQYYj!-1a E:rtavaAall~o.vOvtm OLbUo o'I:jJELr; tYjr; L6wr; tQaYLx~c; aA~8EWr;. Ano tYj uio, YjaQXEt1J:n:Yj 1l0QCPLo.01J oWllator;, Yjaxatallo.XYjtYj 0 t YOYjtELa, Yj E1J6mIlOVLx~ 6YjAa6~ ECP~IlEQYj EyxOollLotYjta t01J xo.A.A01Jr;xm tYjr; wxuor; (Ml;a, :n:AOUtYj, a:n:oAauoar;), crro rnv o.AAYjto ~LOAOYLXOJtEnQeollEvo tYjr; a:n:oOtEo:n:OLYjOYjr;84. XEL!-1EVOa E!-1IlELVa~E~ma orn uctciTo 8

x~

xcov ~UmA.EWC;11 IIllQQLuv 10V [-laYELQov ano 10'0 'AyU[-lE[-lVOVOC;.oMEV yo.Q En lWV rtuA.aLWV yvwQLa[-lalWV U1J10LC; UQE[-lEvEV, an' O[-lOLU10. 0010. nv, aCiTjA.uxui avwLYQucpu n xui iln' OUbEVOC;En bLUXQLvw8aL bllVa[-lEvu.», AOllXLUVOC;, MeVL:rcJLO~ 17 Nexinouavteto; 15, 10-25, o.n, 0.96-99. 83. f. ZWQUC;, "IIEv80C; 8UVal01l, ~wnc; [-lalaLOV xui nQoc; 8EOV mW1Qocpij", Ilaovaaa6~ 12 (1970), 279-311. Beck, 'Iotoqia, O. n., 293. 84. «H yvwOL [-luC; EnEQuoEv 'X.UL6 vouc; [-lUC;E~wQLolTj, acpELnc; ano 10 'X.oQ[-lL'\jJ1lxi] [-luC;ExwQLolTj, 'X.' ut08TjoW nMo bEY EXO[-lEv' uovov dxxrv xO[-l[-lan ~UA.' h~L a:n:O[-lELVU[-lEV TtlV bllowbLuv YE[-lU1OL. TO. [-lanu.[-luc; bEY ~A.EnOllmV, l' acpna [-lUC;bEY YQOLxoumv, 10. XELA.Tj[-lUC;bEY bUVOV1aL lOlL EXO[-lEVva elrtouow 10. nQoowna [-luC;yLVOV1aL nQuoLvO[-lUllQW[-lEVU, xui 10. 'X.OQ[-lLo. boA.EQo. moo.v aOXLU nQTjO[-lEVU' 10. ot oaQxEC; OA.EC; rrsrptcoow, 10. onalU nUQUA.1l0UOLV, nQuY[-lu CPQLX10V'X.ui CPO~EQOV'C; EXELVOllC;no':' 10. Lbouow. "OA.OL XmUOlaL VO[-lW1UV [-lUUQOLxui aQUXVLUO[-lEVOL, an01QLOL 'X.ui aVE)'vwQL[-lOL xui OXWA.Tj'X.OyA.EL[-l[-lEVOL' noowc; av8Qwnoll YVWQLf.tLo.'C;E[-lUC; EY anO[-lEvEL, b xcl nOLa XUQbLo. xui nOLa '\jJllxn va tbi,i 'X.ui va , no [-lEV\I;»,

383

Otllta tOUBLOU85, ornv xevorrrrc rou evxoojuoo xgavou86, ern usro8avatLa w6111ta xm OIlOLOftOgcpLanov av8gO:)J[wv87. IIagaAJ::llAa eoorooo .

«IIwe; iJreoflEVE1:' EAEELvol,Y1lflvol xni XcDQLe; atQwfla, tilv 'lll1JXQavxai ta. XcDflata roi) tuepou xai Lilv ~QcDf.ta;», «Knl tcDQa rtwe; EflELVEtEE~EflovaXLaaflEva, 'e; tOV rorpov flEaa xEepaAEe;xai xoxxaAa YAuflEva; Kai remoe; va. aXV'ljJ\I vi: ta. lbi;i xai va. flT]bEVtQOflu~\I,», ZcDQae;,O. rt., 294-295 (at. 45-58, 71-72, 79-81). 85. «Knl, maav toile; epEQ\I,LbEtE rou; to rewe; toile; xctcotutva xai rots XataA.a~EtE av8Qwreoe; Ll ~EOTalvEL flE toile; JCEQlamoue; 8T]aauQoile; xai La. flEYUAa reAOVLT]. Tof xoafloun b6~a xai n tLflil Evm anT] reaQa. tOVtT]! K' EXELva rtou Exomu~amv xnl 6reoil EJCEQLOuvuaaav, oAa, me; EV QLrei;ioep8aAfloii, ~HreE1:E, bEY ta.' xuaav; IIoii EylVT]6 ~LOe;tOUe; 6 reoAve;, reoii EbLE~T] EaobELu tOUe;, n reoii aepnxav tEe; yuvaLxEe; roue, reoii EflELvav ta. rembLu roix; K' EXELva reoil AoyuQLa~av va. XUflOUVrewe; r' aepnxav, xoi, reQiv va. ta. tEAELcDaOUaL,'e; rov tuepov rewe; EflJCnxav;», oro lbw, 301 (at.
267-276). 86. «BAEreEtE, ol XQovm tQEXOUaLVxai EflELe; euvta YEQoiiflEV, r

xai aVQEL flae; 6 8uvmoe; xai EflELe; EY to YQmxoiiflEV'», b «Turri to flUxQOe; toii xmQoii ta. reuvta reaAmcDvEL, xai 6 XQovoe; oAa ep8ElQELrc, bEY ta. ~avavEcDvEL, xal auto Evm reQoataYfla EJEOii' reaa' Evae; to YVWQl~EL, 'tL n flEQa tOVLT]n aT]flEQLvil 'e; tov xoouov bEY yUQl~EL. 'EreEQaaEv xni anT] Eep8aaEv, xnl atlTil reUALbw~alvEL, xai flLa. rnv MAT]V ep8uvovta 6 XQovoe; flae; reayalvEL' xai flEaov tOVtOU ol av8Qwrem YEQoiiaLVxai reaALcDvouv, reayalvovta ELe;aepavLOflov, ol flEQEe;tOUe; tEAELcDVOUV.», lbw, 309-310 (or, aLO
561-568). «IImbLa. xai vsot xai YEQOV1Ee;, xOQlt~w, 87.

reavbQEflEVEe;, bEY dvm autEe; ol xEepaHe;, reoil ~AEJWflEVYAUflEVEe;; xai t' ana ,anuta reoil elvci autoii bEY dvm ox ta. XOQflLUroix, xai reoJCEaav ol aUQXEe;roue, re6bLE~T]n EALXLU rouc;», «IImbLu, yovELe; uou, <'rbEQepLauou, xai oubEV aae; EyvwQl~w, areo toiie; anoue; nou dvm atlToii bEy aae; areoxwQl~w! 'E~AErew 'tL GAm 6~tOLU~EtE6 Evae; flE rov anov, xnl bEY YVwQl~Etm 6 flLXQOe; eoawe; EX tOV flEYUAOV, r xai oubEv n~EVQW remove; va. ~Qw, xai tlvEe; va. QWT11aw, to remove; reQEreELv' ayxaALaatw xai remove; va. XaLQE1:law.», «'Ebw aT]flubw oubEv ~aatoiiv oX ta. ~aaLALXU tOUe;,

384

tOVLtELOtL veto

Sa jJJtOQOlJOE va xataotd XaL acpolJ aonao8EL

ECPLXt~Y] anaYXLOtQWOy] tY] XQtatLaVLX~

ana

LO 80.nov

uovoorrrv

nEQLJttwoY] rtou 0 uv8Qwnoc;

()EV EV()eDOELOtrfyoY]tELa

nQooxaLQOt~twv

Y]8LX~ ()La~LwoY]88. H

avatQon~ tEALXU tY]C;Ovrrrotnt«; EJtLXEVtQeDVEtaL otn OWtY]QLa ty]C; 'lIJUX~C;. Tov acpy]YY]f-latLxo A6yo EjJJtAOUtLtEL E()eDXaL f-lLa avanaQuotaoY] tOU Oovctou. aVOLxt~ an'aut~ t~C;89. LtO cplJnO 2vtY]C; EX()OOy]C;OU 15280 OXEAE8Qwf-lEVOC;8uva'Wc; t (ELX. 20), OnAWf-lEvOC;

us ona8L,

tOso XaL ()QEJtUVL, OtExEL 8QLaf-l~Eut~C; nuvCD OE EVeDOL OUYXEvtQCDf-lEVEC;YlJQw to af-lEtuxAY]to nEQac; LY]C;~LO-

oaQxocpuyo

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91. BA. Beck, 'Iotooia, a. rt .• 296- CPo MnOU[lJI:OuAlbnc;, "L1nf.lcbbELC; K. f.lEtu~utuvnvoL aAcpa~ntOL". EEBI25 (1955). 284-305. 92. «LtEcpavLv ooo; ECPaQWUVana f.lUQtLa.V xuL Mcpvnv tcbQu tnc; yne; rev xoovicxtov EXOUVxuL tilv aQaxvnv. Ltilv f.lEanV ttov bEY ClUVOUvtaL twvaQLv va. ~uata~ouv' fbm bEY dVaL aAAuYWYEe;, tilv aXaAnV bLa. v' aAAa~ouv. To Xmf.luv to EnatnaUv ELVaL atilv XECPUAi]vtWe; xuL xatw or« noMQLU tWe; EnWEv to f.luAAlv twe;. Tc f.laLLU to»; Ea~EauOLv ta. WQaLOnAOUf.lLOf.lEVU, to Xmf.luv ta. EaXEnuauv XL dVaL xmuxAELOf.lEVU. Tov xoouov nAEOV bEY 8wQoiiv rboov rev E8wQoiiauv, OVtEV Etoiiauv ol J[twxol, f.la. fbm nOAAa novouocv. CH o'l)ln twe; Uf.loQcpoe;xCt.nat' ntov Aouaf.lEVn· tcbQu cpuycb8nv de; tilv ynv XL ELVaL nOAAa ~Au~*EVn. CH YAmaaa tor; EAEELVilbEY n[lJI:oQEL AUAnaELv, we; YLa vi: nij to blxLOV tne; xuL vi: to of.lLAi]a1). Tc XEQLUtWe; bEY ClUVOUVtaL va. anxcbaouv oilbE va. ta. f.lutcb~OUOLV oilbE va ta. ~unAcbaouv. Tov 0EaV ro»; va. bo~aaouOLv f.lE tilv rcotewomrvnv, YLa. vc '~Q1) 'l)luxltau tWe; f.lLXQa.VEAEnf.l0aVvnv. Ta nabla tWe; ta OllOQCPUtcbQu orov ~ Aonv dVaL xuL tQcbyouvtaL XU8nf.lEQVaV· aU XQLf.lUV 'Val! KuL va. mQnatnauv nOtE xnl va. EnLAUAnaUv tcbQu 'VaL Ete; tilv ynv axcbAnxEC; ta. YUQlauv. Tc XElAn xmEf.lUVQLOUV XL EXannV AUALa tWe;. XEcpUAntWV axlatnXEV XL Emauv ta. f.lUUAa ro»;», IIuvuYLwtaxne;. a. n., 204207 (at. 491-514). 93. «KoltU~E Et~ ta f.lvnf.lmu YLa va. yvwQlauc; r' daaL axwAi]xwv ~Qmf.lu, XaXXUAU, bLa. roirro XUAa. tnaE.», «:=:EQELe; nOAAOVe; nEQncpuVOue; 'oev XOQtUaf.lEVOL, xuL tcbQu YUf.lva. XaXXUAU ELVaL 'e; tilv ynv yAUf.LEVOL.», «TQaf.lu~E, cb tUAulnwQE, 'c; tilv XUXOQQLtLxLa oou, X' LbE nme; xcrcvrctvoixn 'c; tilv ynv ta. XaXXUAa oou.», «CPa~oe; xuL tQaf.lOe; ELv' xuvde; va. Lbij anE8uf.lEvOV, uaxn~LOV xuL aVEYVcbQLOtOv xul ~EXOxxuALuaf.lEvov.», Mnou[lJI:oUAlbT]e;, a. n., 300-301, (at. 19-20.27-28.37-38,41-42).

anavw

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386

L'Eva ano XEL!-lEVO1YjS;!-lEta~U~aV1LV~S; C>Yj!-lWC>OUS; AOYOLExv(,as;, no» XQovoAoy~8YjXE 010 ~' !:tWO 10U 150u m.94, ro amOO1OXaOTCXa !-lYjVU!-la1a YLa 10 reEQas;iYjS; ~w~s; ana~ouv reQoowreo: L1EVELvm reAEOVyj curovvcxnc 10U ~wvtavou yw 1Yj !-lmmo1Yjta 1~V EYXOO!-lLWV,1YjV onotc reQoxaAEL yj 8Ea EVOS; XEAELW!-lEVOUoW!-lmos;, a~M 10U LC>WU VEXQOUnou 8AL~E1m O 10U yw 1YjV areoouv8wYj 1YjS;UAYjS;95.0 VEXQ0S;~amALaS; 8a reEQLYQa'\jJEL us1Yj 1a~aOYj coto 10V XOO!-lO1WV ~wvtavwv OEXELVO 1WV VEXQWVxm 10 reoLYj!-la are01EAEL acpoQ!-l~ va C>LaYQacpELj C>Qa!-lmLx~ C>WC>LxaOLa y 1YjS;cnovexocoOyjS;.Or cvcuvnoe«; 1YjS;~WAOYLX~S; xm reoAL1Lx~S;xUQLaQXLas; 1OU96 cote1EAOUV JtAEOV 10V ovnxcrontprouo EVOS; vYj1Ou 0Qyavw!-lou97. 'EXEL LC>L8

94. M. 1. Muvououxuc, "'R 6fLLALa lOU vEXgOU ~aOLALa", EEr!J2IIB 8 (1963), 295-314_ BA. EltLane; Beck, 'Ictooia. 6. rt., 304. 95. «'Ef,lEV, tOY ~AEltELe;,AtYEL uou, tOY fLaugoagaxvLaafLEvov, OltOl! 'fLaL OLXa augxwOLv, ta. x6xxaAa yAUfJ.EVOe;, ntov XaLgoe; x' EXaLgOUfJ.Ouvotov xoouo x' EltEgltUtOUV xaL Xa~aAA.agne; xaL ltEsOe; cpaAx6vw rtcvtu 'xgutOUV.», Mcvouococcc, O. rt., a. 304 (at. 29-32). 96. «Ete; tnV avogdav EtEgltOUfLOUV xni Ete;66~av to'u XOgfLLOUuou xaL Ete;tnV ltEgLcpUVElUV OAOU lOU ltUAUnOU uou, KuL ~aOLA.EWe; ltaLOLV nfLOUv, fLEYUAOUav8gwltou EXYOVL xuL ooov avUtgEcpoUfLOuv, lnjJwvuaL fLEXg6VOL. KaL ~UOLAEl!e;EatEcp8nxu avtL DE tOU ltUtg6e; uou, OLUt' nfLouv xaL fLovoYEvne; ltUtgoe; ts xuL fLntgoe; uou, IIoAAwv av8gwltwv uv8gwltoe; nfLouv ovoucouevc; xaL fLEyue;xoafLoxgulOgue; nfLouv owAuAnfLEVOe;. BuvUtov oux E1jJllCPnau ltOtE Ete;tnv swilv uou, ouo' EAEya va. xwgWtD 'ljJuxn EX to XOgfLLV uou.», OLO LOW, 304 (at. 49-56). 97. «Auxxov ~u8w Eaxu'ljJUOLv, we; xUfLvOUV tou xAnfLutOU x' EXELfLEaa fL' E~UAUOLV,Ete;tozov tOU XWfLulOu. 'RfLEgU oEv EltEgaaEv x' EXLtglVocpuAAluau xuL we; x6ga~ tE EfLuugwa x' EaXOtELVoguxvLuau. KaL DEV ~ou rpovn x' Esnaa ltAOUtn fLla.v f]fLEgUV OUO' EvtUXlO~gaouuatnXU OLnV M~uv fLLa.vEaltEgav. 'Qe; uVEfLOe;fL' EcpUVnxEV 66~u xuL to ltAOUlOe; xaL xngLv to fLEtgnau x' Evm 0 xoouo; otitoe;. Aoutov OltOl! EVaL CPgovlfLoe;xuL ~AEltEL xuL EltELXUSEL tOY xocuov OUOEtLltOtE xnl ltAUVOV fre; tOY xgusl.1, OlUtL, frv EltEgltUtnaEv 'AVUtOAnV xuL L'luan, o Xcpcov E~EugLaXELtOY, OltOU xuL frv xutOLxilal.1. '0 Xcporv OEV EvtgEltEtaL OUo' ugxov ouoE gilya'

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RESUME
LA REPRESENTATION POST -BYZANTINE DU SQUELETTE HUMAIN. LE DILEMME DU CHOIX ORGANIQUE OU INTELLECTUEL' ET LA DEPERSONNIFICATION DE L'HOMME FACE AU DECES

par
Christos D. Merantzas

Les canaux de la pensee, litteraires et iconologiques, reprendront au Moyen Age tardif-debut de la Renaissance la problernatique deja exprimee par Lucrece et Lucian de l' ossification squelettique du corps humain. Ils recomposent ainsi, avec precision incroyable, laoremedrtation du premier siecle avo J.-C.-troisieme siecle apres J.-c. de l'action sematiodotique morale, qui soit s'oppose a l'epuisement rnaterialiste du corps humain, soit elle va de pair avec celle-ci. Le dilemme du choix intellectuelle (antimaterialiste) ou organique (materialiste) est aussi pose a la societe byzantine et post-byzantine. La conscience de l' omnipresence du deces, de l' affliction existentielle de la finitude et de la fragilite de la gloire, de la richesse et de la beaute, imprimera a l'homme la certitude de la degradation diachronique de sa vie. Cette verite, particulierement importante et commune, ne laisse aucun doute que la vue integree de la vie passe inevitablernent par l' etude du deces,

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