Ñ‘iîHÍѨÙi ˆH∆„`« =∂Ǩ`«‡º=Ú

áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=Ú

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P™êú# "Õ^ŒÑ¨O_ç`«∞Å∞

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N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~° ™êfiq∞"åi ^Õ=™êú#O
áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=Ú, Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O – 533 450. `«∂IIQÀIIlÖÏ¡
á¶È<£: 08869 –252477
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„ѨK«∞~°}: 2007

=Ú„^Œ} :
™êfiq∞ PѶπÃã\ò „Ñ≤O@~üû
"Õ∞HÍ"åigkè, Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O – 533 450

„Ѩ`«∞ʼnõΩ:
HÍ~°ºx~°fiǨÏ}ÏkèHÍi
N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~° ™êfiq∞"åi ^Õ=™êú#O
áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=Ú, Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O – 533 450. `«∂IIQÀIIlÖÏ¡
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N #Onâ◊fi~°™êfiq∞"å~°∞
UHõtÖÏ ™êÅ„QÍ=∞=¸iÎ
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áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`« =∂Ǩ`«‡ º=Ú

„uQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅÖ’ áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=ÚQÍ qMϺ`«"≥∞ÿ#k.
D ˆH∆„`«=Ú Ju „áêp#"≥∞ÿ# k=º â‹·= ˆH∆„`«=Ú. QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~° ã¨OǨ~°
xq∞`«Î=Ú eOQÆ~°∂ѨÙ_≥·# t=Ù_»∞ HÀ_ç~°∂Ѩ=Ú ^•eÛ – QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x
HÀiHõ"Õ∞~°‰õΩ N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯@ eOQÆ=¸iÎQÍ Pq~°ƒùqOz# ã¨fiÜ«∞O
Éèí∂eOQÆ=¸iÎ. D ˆH∆„`« ã¨O¿ã=#=Ú Ñ≤`«$=ÚH˜ÎHõ~°=Ú, ã¨~°fi
áêѨǨÏ~°=Ú. ã¨~åficè+¨ì ã≤kú „Ѩ^Œ=Ú. ã¨~°fi^Œ∞óYǨÏ~°=Ú.

QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~° =$`åÎO`«=Ú
ѨÓ~°fi=Ú Hõ$`«Ü«ÚQÆ=Ú# QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»<Õ ^•#"ÕO„^Œ∞_»∞
HõÅ_»∞. J`«_»∞ Ѩ~°=∞ ÉèÏQÆ=`À`«Î=Ú_»∞. J`«_»∞ q+¨µ‚=¸iÎx QÆ∂iÛ
J<ÕHõ k=º ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ `«Ñ㨠∞¨ û KÕÃã#∞. J`«x `«Ñ=¨ Ú#‰õΩ "≥∞zÛ#
q+¨µ‚=¸iÎ QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞xH˜ „Ѩ`«ºHõ∆=∞Ü≥∞º#∞. JO`« q+¨µ‚=¸iÎ =`åû!
QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~å! h`«Ñ¨=Ú#‰õΩ KåÖÏ ã¨O`«ã≤Ozux. =~°=Ú HÀ~°∞
H˘=∞‡<≥#∞. JѨC_»∞ QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ ^Õ"å! D Ѩ$käg =∞O_»Å=Ú g∞^Œ
L#fl Jxfl ѨÙ}º f~°ú=ÚÅHõ<åfl <å ^ÕǨÏ=Ú Ñ¨q„`«=Ú JQÆ∞#@∞¡
J#∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOK«∞=Ú Jx =~°=Ú#∞ HÀÔ~#∞. q+¨µ‚=¸iÎ J>Ë¡ Jx
JO`«~åú#=Ú K≥O^≥#∞.
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Ѩ~°=∞Ѩq„`« ^ÕÇ≤ÏÜ≥ÿ∞# QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x ã¨O^Œi≈Oz# áêѨÙÅ∞
„|ǨχǨÏ`åº, ã¨∞~åáê#, ã¨fi~°¿‚ ãÜÎ ∞« , QÆ∞~°∞`«ÅÊ – `«`û« Oã¨~∞° Öæ #·ˇ ѨOK«
=∞Ǩáê`«‰õΩÅ∞ =∞iÜ«Ú QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x â◊s~°=ÚÃÑ· =K«∞ÛQÍe ™ÈH˜#
=∂„`«=Ú#<Õ „H˜q∞ H©@HÍk [#‡ÖˇuÎ# áêáê`«∞‡Å∞ ‰õÄ_® `«iOK≥_ç
"å~°∞.
^èŒ~å‡`«∞‡_≥·# QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ ÖˇYö‰õΩ q∞‰õΩ¯@=ÚQÍ J<ÕHõ
Jâ◊fi"Õ∞^è•k ѨÙ}º „Hõ`∞« =ÙÅ∞ KÕã<≤ å_»∞. â◊`„« Hõ`∞« =ÙÅ∞ PK«iOz#"åi¯
WO„^ŒÑ¨^Œq =ã¨∞ÎOk Jx ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ K≥|∞`å~°∞. J^Õ q^èŒ=ÚQÍ
QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞xH˜ WO„^ŒÑ¨^Œq ÅaèOK≥#∞. Ѩ^ŒgK«∞º`«∞_≥·# ^Õ"ÕO„^Œ∞_»∞
=∞~°Å WO„^Œ Ѩ^Œq á⁄O^Œ∞@‰õΩ Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ·H˜ =zÛ „|Ǩχ q+¨µ‚
=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°∞Å#∞ QÆ∂iÛ Ñ¨k"ÕÅ ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ J‰õΩOiî`« nHõ`∆ À =∞Ǩϟ
[fiÅ"≥∞ÿ# `«Ñ¨ã¨∞û KÕÃã#∞.
^Õ"ÕO„^Œ∞x `«Ñ¨ã¨∞û‰õΩ "≥∞zÛ „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ J`«xH˜ „Ѩ`«ºHõ∆=Ú
HÍQÍ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ ã¨O`«ã≤Oz# WO„^Œ∞_»∞ „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ#∞ J<ÕHõ q^èŒ=ÚÅ
ã¨∞ÎuOK≥#∞. JO`« „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ =`åû! ^Õ"ÕO„^•! h `«Ñ¨ã¨∞û‰õΩ
"≥∞zÛ<å=Ú Uq∞ HÍ"åÖ’ HÀ~°∞HÀ=∞xi. JѨC_»∞ WO„^Œ∞_»∞ ~åHõã∆ ∞¨ _≥#·
QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x ѨiáêÅ#Ö’ ^Õ=`«Å∞ J<ÕHõ Hõ+¨ì=ÚÅ∞ Ѩ_»∞K«∞<åfl~°∞.
QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ ^èŒ~å‡`«∞‡_≥·#ѨÊ\˜H© ^Œ∞+¨µìÖˇ·# J`«x J#∞K«~°∞Å∞,
Éèí∂Ö’Hõ=ÚÖ’x [#∞Å#∞ ã¨OǨÏiOK«∞@, Ü«∞[˝ Ü«∂QÍk„Hõ`«∞=ÙÅ#∞
ÉèQí flÆ =Ú KÕÜÚ« @, Ѩu„=`«Å#∞ K≥~K° ∞« @ – `«áÈ^è#Œ ∞Öˇ#· =∞Ǩ`«∞‡Å#∞
Ç≤ÏOã≤OK«∞@ "≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞ JHõ$`«º=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl~°∞. J@∞¡ KÕÜ«Ú@
=Å# `«áÈ^•# Ü«∞*Ï˝^Œ∞Å∞ ÖËHõ ^Õ=`«Å∞ |ÅÇ‘Ï#∞Ö∫`å~°x "åi
L^ÕÌâ◊º=Ú.
HÍh Ü«∞[˝Ü«∂QÍ^Œ∞Å∞ [~°∞QÆHõáÈ=Ù@KÕ =~°¬=ÚÅ∞ ‰õΩ~°=Hõ
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ѨO@Å∞ ѨO_»Hõ =∂#=ÙÅ∞ KåÖÏ Hõ+¨ì=ÚÅ∞ Ѩ_»∞K«∞<åfl~°∞. Éèí∂q∞
Z_®iQÍ =∂i#k. HÍ=Ù# „u=¸~°∞ÖÎ Ï~å! g∞~°∞ U^À XHõ LáêÜ«∞=Ú
Ѩxfl QÆÜ∂« ã¨∞~°∞x =kèOz <å‰õΩ „uÖ’HÍkèÑ`¨ º« =Ú =∞iÜ«Ú ^Õ=`«Å‰õΩ
Z=i JkèHÍ~°=ÚÅ∞ "åi¯ WÑ≤ÊOK« HÀ~°∞K«∞<åfl#∞. J@∞¡ KÕã≤#KÀ
=∞~°Å Ü«∞[˝Ü∂« QÍk „Hõ`∞« =ÙÅ∞ [iy =~°¬=ÚÅ∞ ‰õΩiã≤ ã¨HÅõ „áê}˜HÀ\˜
ã¨∞Y ã¨O`À+¨=ÚÅ`À LO^Œ∞~°∞ Jx HÀÔ~#∞. „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ J>Ë¡ Jx
=~°=Ú WzÛi.
WO„^Œ∞#‰õΩ WzÛ# =~°^•#=Ú <≥~°"Õ~°∞Û@‰õΩ „|Ǩχ q+¨µ‚
=∞¿ÇÏâ◊fi~°∞Å∞ „ÉÏǨχ} "Õ+¨=ÚÅ∞ ^èŒiOz QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x =^ŒÌ‰õΩ
"≥o§<å~°∞. Ju^äŒ∞Å∞QÍ =zÛ# =ÚQÆ∞æix QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ P^Œ~°}`À
PǨfixOz Jukä ã¨`å¯~°=ÚÅ∞ KÕã≤ J~°… ºáê^•º^Œ∞ÅKÕ Ñ¨ÓlOz,
T~°ˆH~å~°∞ =∞Ǩ`«∞‡Å∞—— JO\Ï~°∞ ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞, g∞~°∞=zÛ# HÍ~°º=Ú
Uq∞\’ `≥Å∞Ѩ=∞x QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ „ÉÏǨχ} ~°∂ѨÙÖˇ·# „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ#∞
HÀÔ~#∞.
HÍ~°º™ê^è#Œ HÔ · „u=¸~°∞ÅÎ ∞ ™ê=∞^è•#Éè^Ë Œ ^ŒO_»=ÚÅ<Õ <åÅ∞QÆ∞
LáêÜ« ∞ =ÚÅÖ’ QÆ Ü « ∂ 㨠∞ ~° ∞ _» ∞ ^•#=∞<Õ LáêÜ« ∞ =Ú KÕ ` «
=â◊√º_Ò`å_»x, J^Õ LáêÜ«∞=Ú KÕ`« QÆÜ∂« ã¨∞~°∞x ã¨OǨÏiOK«=K«∞Û#x
`«Åz, "å~°∞ D „H˜Ok q^èŒ=ÚQÍ Ñ¨e¯<å~°∞.
''F ^èŒ~å‡`å‡! =∂‰õΩ ã¨fiO`« HÀiHõÅ∞ Uq∂ ÖË=Ù. h=Ù
^èŒ~å‡`«∞‡_»=Ù. „uÖ’HÍkèѨuq. h ѨiáêÅ#Ö’ Éèí∂Ö’Hõ=Ú# ã¨HõÅ
r=~åt ^Œ∞iƒùH=∆õ Ú=Å# áê_ç ѨO@Å∞ÖËHõ J<ÕHõ ÉÏ^èÅŒ ∞ Ѩ_∞» K«∞<åfl~°∞.
"åi ÉÏ^èÅŒ ∞ `˘ÅyáÈ~Ú qâ◊fiâßOu [~°∞QÆ∞@‰õΩ "Õ∞=Ú XHõ Ü«∞[˝=Ú
KÕÜ«∞ `«ÅÃÑ\˜ì<å=Ú. PÜ«∞[˝=Ú U_»∞~ÀAÅ∞ KÕÜ«∂e. ^•x=Å#
=~°¬=ÚÅ∞ ‰õΩiã≤ ѨO@Å∞ѨO_ç ã¨HõÅr=~åâ◊√ʼnõΩ ã¨∞YâßO`«∞Å∞
HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞ Jx „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ K≥Ñ≤Êi.
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JO`« QÆÜ∂« ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ =∞Ǩ`«∞‡ÖÏ~å! g∞~°∞ <åÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ^ŒÜ∞« `À
PÜ«∞[˝=Ú#∞ j„Ѷ¨∞=ÚQÍKÕÜ«∞O_ç. g∞~°∞KÕ¿ã Ü«∞[˝=Ú#‰õΩ Uq∞
HÍ"åÅ<åfl W™êÎ#∞. LѨÜ≥∂QÆѨ_»∞`«∞Ok JO>Ë <å^ÕǨ#fl~Ú<å Ö’Hõ
HõÖϺ}=Ú H˘~°‰õΩ `åºQÆ=Ú KÕ™êÎ#∞ Jx, Ü«∞[˝=Ú#‰õΩ QÀ=ÙÅ∞
HÍ"åÖÏ? ^ŒH}∆˜ Å∞ HÍ"åÖÏ? Ü«∞[˝ãO¨ ÉèÏ~°=ÚÅ∞ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~åÛÖÏ? Ü«∞[˝
"ÕkHÍ ã¨Å÷ =ÚQÍ U ѨÙ}ºˆH„∆ `«=Ú HÍ"åe? Jx QÆÜ∂« ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ ѨeHÔ #∞.
JѨC_»∞ „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ D q^èŒ=ÚQÍ K≥Ñ≤Êi ''QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~å!
"Õ∞=Ú Ü«∞[˝=Ú HÀã¨=Ú Jxflã¨OÉèÏ~°=ÚÅ∞, ^ŒH˜∆}Å∞, QÀ=ÙÅ∞
"≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞#q JxflÜ«¸ ã¨=∞‰õÄ~°∞Û‰õΩ<åfl=Ú. h=Ù ˆH=Å=Ú Ü«∞[˝
"ÕkHÍã¨÷Å=Ú =∂„`«=Ú WzÛ# KåÅ∞. P Ü«∞[˝ÉèÏ~°=Ú ™ê^è•~°}
Éèí∂q∞ ÉèíiOK«ÖË^Œ∞. Éèí∂=∞O_»Å=ÚÃÑ·QÆŠѨÙ}º ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅ∞ ‰õÄ_® D
Ü«∞[˝=Ú#‰õΩ ѨxH˜~å=Ù. UÅ##QÍ, áêáê`«∞‡Öˇ·#[#∞Å∞ "åi
áêѨ=ÚÅ∞ áÈQ˘@∞ìH˘#∞@‰õΩ ѨÙ}ºˆH∆„`«=ÚÅÖ’ ™êfl#, ^•#, `«áÈ,
Ü«∞*Ï˝^Œ∞Å∞KÕã≤ "åiáêѨ=ÚÅ#∞ PÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅÖ’ q_çzÃÑ\˜ì
áÈ`å~°∞. J\˜ì áêѨ=ÚÅ`À ‰õÄ_ç# ã¨÷Å=ÚÅ∞ DÜ«∞[˝=Ú#‰õΩ
ѨxH˜~å=Ù.
Hˆ =Å=Ú áêѨ~Ç° Ï≤ `«"∞≥ #ÿ h ^ÕÇϨ =Ú =∂„`«"∞Õ Ü«∞[˝ "ÕkHõQÍ
Ѩ x H˜ =㨠∞ Î O k. h=٠Ѩ Ó ~° fi =Ú q+¨ µ ‚ = ¸iÎ J#∞„QÆ Ç ¨ Ï =ÚKÕ
Éèí∂=∞O_»Å=Ú# L#fl Jxfl ѨÙ}ºˆH∆„`«=ÚÅ HõO>Ë h ^ÕǨÏ=Ú
Ѩq„`«"∞≥ #ÿ kQÍ =~°=Ú á⁄OkÜ«Ú<åfl=Ù. h=Ù JOwHõi¿ãÎ h ^ÕÇϨ =ÚÃÑ·
Ü«∞[˝=Ú KÕ™êÎ=Ú Jx HÀi<å~°∞.
JO^Œ∞‰õΩã¨O`«ã≤Oz# QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞, áêOK«Éè∫uHõ"≥∞ÿ# D
^ÕÇϨ =Ú XHõ Ѩq„`«"∞≥ #ÿ Ü«∞[˝=Ú#‰õΩ LѨÜ∂≥ yã¨∞OÎ k JO>Ë JO`«HOõ >Ë
HÍ=Åã≤#k U=Ú#flk. g∞~°∞ <å ^ÕǨÏ=ÚÃÑ· Ü«∞[˝=Ú KÕÜ«Ú@‰õΩ
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Ug∞ JÉèíºO`«~°=Ú ÖË^Œ∞. <Õ#∞ JOwHõiã¨∞Î<åfl#∞ Jx QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞
J<åfl_»∞.
JO`«@ „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ "Õ∞=Ú KÕÜ«Ú Ü«∞[˝=Ú Ñ¨Ó~°ÎQÆ∞#O`«
=~°‰Ωõ h ^ÕÇϨ =Ú#∞ Hõ^eŒ OK«~å^Œ∞. J@∞¡ KÕã#≤ KÀ x#∞fl ã¨OǨÏi™êÎ=Ú
Jx „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ K≥ѨÊQÍ QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ JO^Œ∞‰õΩ JOwHõiOK≥#∞.
U_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ [iÑ≤OK«∞ P Ü«∞*˝=Ú#∞ XHÍ<˘Hõ „ÉÏǑχ
=ÚǨ˙~°Î=Ú# „áê~°OÉèí=ÚKÕÜ«Ú@‰õΩ ã≤^Œú=Ú KÕã≤<å~°∞. („ÉÏǑχ
=ÚǨ˙~°=Î Ú J#QÍ HÀ_ç‰Äõ `«*Ï=Ú Jx Ö’Hõ=º=Ǩ~°=Ú) Ѩq„`«"∞≥ #ÿ
D Ü«∞[˝=Ú#‰õΩ ã¨=∞ã¨Î ^Õ=QÆ}=ÚÅ∞ |∞∞+≤ QÆ}=ÚÅ∞, QÆ~∞° _» QÆO^è~Œ fi°
Ü«∞Hõ∆ H˜<≥fl~° H˜OѨÙ~°∞ëê^Œ∞Å∞ áêÖÁæ<åfl~°∞.
QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ =∞Ç≤Ï=∂ â◊H˜Î KÕ`« `«#^ÕǨÏ=Ú#∞ cǨ~°∞
~åR=Ú#QÆÅ QÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=Ú# t~°ã¨∞û LO_»∞#@∞¡, <åaè ™ê÷#=Ú
Xi™êû ~åR=ÚÖ’QÆÅ *ÏlѨÓ~ü#O^Œ∞ LO_»∞#@∞¡, áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ PO„^èŒ
~åR=ÚÖ’ `«∂~°∞ÊQÀ^•=ilÖÏ¡Ö’ QÆŠѨ~=° ∞Ѩq„`«"∞≥ #ÿ Ñ≤~åî ѨÙ~°=ÚÖ’
LO_»∞#@∞¡ â◊s~°=Ú q™êÎ~°=ÚQÍKÕã≤ „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ#∞ Ü«∞[˝=Ú#∞
P~°OaèOK«=∞x „áêiúOK≥#∞.
q+¨µ‚=¸iÎ `«ÖÉèÏQÆ=Ú#O^Œ∞, „ÉǨχ <åaè„áêO`«=Ú#O^Œ∞,
Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞_»∞ HÍà◊§ ÉèÏQÆ=Ú#O^Œ∞ LO_ç Ü«∞[˝=Ú#∞ „áê~°OÉèí=Ú
KÕã≤<å~°∞. QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ Ü≥∂QÆq^ŒºKÕ `«#^ÕǨÏ=Ú#∞ xâ◊ÛÅ=ÚQÍ
LO_»∞#@∞¡ KÕã≤ „Ѩu~ÀE HÀ_ç‰õÄ`«#∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞q#∞K«∂ Ü«∞[˝=Ú
Zxfl~ÀAÅ∞ J~Ú#^À ÖˇH˜¯OK«∞K«∞<åfl_»∞. D q^èŒOQÍ P~°∞~ÀAÅ∞
U P@OHõ=ÚÅ∞ ÖˉõΩO_® QÆ_çzáÈ~Ú#q. U_À~ÀA ‰õÄ_® JÖψQ
[iy`Õ QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ WzÛ#=∂@ <Õ~°"Õ~°∞`«∞Ok Jx ÉèÏqOK≥#∞.
WO„^Œ∞_»∞ `«#‰õΩ WzÛ# =~°=Ú#∞ QÆ∂iÛ „u=¸~°∞ÅÎ ‰õΩ `≥eÑ≤,
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QÆÜ∂« ã¨∞~°∞x U^À q^èOŒ QÍ ã¨OǨÏiOKåÅx „áê^èÜ Õ ∞« Ѩ_®¤_∞» . JѨC_»∞
q+¨µ‚=¸iÎ `≥Å∞ѨQÍ â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ HÀ_ç~°∂Ѩ=Ú#∞ ^èŒiOz `≥Å¡"å~°∞
~°≠Ï=Ú H͉õΩO_® eOQÀ^Œƒù=HÍÅ=Ú#O^Œ∞ (=∞Ǩt= ~å„u~ÀA
J~°~ú å„u) H˘‰õΩ¯~ÀHÀ Ü«∞x ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯@ ^èfiŒ x KÕÃã#∞. D =∂Ü«∞ `≥eÜ«∞x
QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ U_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ ѨÓiÎ J~Ú#=x ã¨O`À+¨=Ú`À `«#
^ÕǨÏ=Ú#∞ Hõ^ŒeOK≥#∞. Ü«∞[˝=Ú Ñ¨ÓiÎ H͉õΩO_®<Õ h=Ù ^ÕǨÏ=Ú#∞
HõkeOz<å=Ù. HÍ=Ù# x#∞fl "Õ∞=Ú ã¨OǨÏi™êÎ=Ú Jx „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞
ѨeH˜<å~°∞
QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ JѨC_»∞ ã¨OHõ@ Ѩiã≤÷uÖ’ Ѩ_ç JO`«~°∞‡Y∞_≥·
k=º ^Œ$+≤Kì Õ ã¨~fi° =Ú „QÆÇÏ≤ Oz WO„^Œ∞x =∂Ü≥∂áêÜ«∞=Ú `≥Å∞ã¨∞H˘x
`«##∞ ã¨OǨÏiOK«∞@ H˘~°ˆH „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ „ÉÏǨχ} "Õ+¨=Ú# =zÛ
`«# ^ÕǨÏ=Ú#∞ Ü«∞[˝"ÕkHõQÍ J_çy<å~°xÜ«¸, â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ HÀ_ç
~°∂Ѩ=ÚÖ’ `«##∞ "≥∂ã¨yOz<å_»xÜ«Ú „QÆÇ≤ÏOK≥#∞.
"≥O@<Õ QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞_»∞ D q^èŒ=ÚQÍ Ñ¨eH˜<å_»∞. ѨÙ\˜ì#
„Ѩurg ZѨC_À XHõѨC_»∞ K«xáÈHõ `«Ñ¨Ê^Œ∞. „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ~Ú# g∞
KÕuÖ’ =∞~°}O˜ K«_O» =ÚH˜HÎ ~õ =° Ú. HÍ=Ù# g∞ WK«Ûù „ѨHÍ~°=Ú KÕÜ∞« O_ç
J<≥#∞. JѨC_»∞ „u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x`À D „ѨHÍ~°=Ú Ñ¨eH˜i.
=∞~°} ^ŒO_»# qkèOK«∞"åi¯ PYi HÀÔ~¯ <≥~°"Õ~°∞Û@ Hõh㨠^èŒ~°‡=Ú.
HÍ=Ù# h=Ù XHõ HÀiHõ HÀ~°∞HÀ=∞xi.
<Õ#∞ K«xáÈ=ÙK«∞#flѨC_»∞ <å‰õΩHÀiHõÅ∞ Uq∞ LO\Ï~Ú?
J~Ú<å g∞~°∞ HÀ~°∞HÀ=∞<åfl~°∞ HÍ|\˜ì <Õ#∞ K«xáÈ~Ú# `«~°∞"å`«
<å â◊s~°=ÚÖ’x =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# =¸_»∞ ÉèÏQÆ=ÚÅ∞ <å¿Ñ~°∞# „uQÆÜ«∂
Hˆ „∆ `«=ÚÅ∞ JQÆ∞#@∞¡#∂, P Hˆ „∆ `«=ÚÅÖ’ g∞~°∞ („u=¸~°∞ÅÎ ∞) =ÚQÆ∞~æ ∂°
=¸_»∞ ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅÖ’ =ã≤OK«∞#@∞¡#∂, P =¸_»∞ ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅ∂ â◊H˜Î
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 11
Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅ∞QÍ q~ålÅ∞¡#@∞¡#∂, =ÚYº=ÚQÍ =∂#=ÙÅ∞ K«xáÈ~Ú#
`«=∞ Ñ≤`~« ∞° Å#∞ L^ÕtÌ Oz KÕÜÚ« Hõ~‡° HÍO_», Ñ≤O_» „Ѩ^•# `«~Ê° }Ï^Œ∞Å∞
D ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅÖ’ KÕÜ«Ú"åi¯ "åi Ñ≤`«~°∞ʼnõΩ ѨÙ#~å=$uÎ ~°Ç≤Ï`«"≥∞ÿ#
(=∞~°Å ѨÙ@∞ìHõÖËx) „|Ǩχ Ѩ^Œ=Ú HõÅ∞QÆ∞#@∞¡#∂, ZHõ¯_≥·<å QÆÜ«∞
<å"≥∂KåÛ~°} ѨÓ~°fiHõ=ÚQÍ KÕÜ«Ú Ñ≤`«$Hõ~°‡Å =Å# =∂„`«"Õ∞ QÆÜ«∂
„âß^Œú Ѷ¨e`«=Ú `«^•fi~å Ñ≤`«$=ÚH˜Î HõÅ∞QÆ∞#@∞¡ =~°=Ú#∞ HÀÔ~#∞.
„u=¸~°∞ÎÅ∞ J>Ë¡ Jx =~°=ÚÅ xzÛ QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x =kèOz
J`«xH˜ =ÚH˜Îx „Ѩ™êkOzi. "åizÛ# =~°^•#=Ú =Å# „uQÆÜ«∂
ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅ∞ U~°Ê_ç#q. Jq t~ÀQÆÜ«∞, <åaèQÆÜ«∞, áê^ŒQÆÜ«∞.
(1) t~ÀQÆÜ«∞ – QÆÜ«∞ – cǨ~°∞ ~åR=Ú. QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x
t~°ã∞¨ ûQÆÅ „Ѩ^âÕ =◊ Ú D Hˆ „∆ `«=Ú Ñ¶Å¨ ∞æh #n f~°=Ú# HõÅ^Œ∞. WK«Û@<Õ
q+¨µ‚áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ PÅÜ«∞=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞. D ˆH∆„`«=ÚÖ’ =∞OQÆà◊Q“s^Õg
J<Õ â◊H˜Î Ñ‘~î°=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞.
(2) <åaèQÆÜ«∞ – *ÏlѨÓ~ü – Xi™êû ~åR=ÚÖ’ Hõ@H±H˜
^ŒQÆæ~° D ˆH∆„`«=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞. Ü«∞[˝"ÕkHÍã¨fi~°∂Ѩ=Ú# „|Ǩχ^Õ=Ù_»∞
L<åfl_»∞. yi*Ï^Õq J#∞ â◊H˜Î Ñ‘~î°=Ú „Ѩ^è•# PÅÜ«∞=ÚQÍ HõÅ^Œ∞.
(ǨÏ∫~å – K≥<≥·fl "≥∞~Ú<£ Öˇ·<£Ö’ *ÏlѨÓ~ü H˜O~°*Ï ~À_£ ¿ãì+¨<£ ^ŒQÆæ~°
*ÏlѨÓ~üHõÅ^Œ∞).
(3) áê^ŒQÆÜ«∞ – Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú – PO„^茄Ѩ^ÕâòÖ’x `«∂~°∞Ê
QÀ^•=ilÖÏ¡Ö’ Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O=^ŒÌ D ˆH∆„`«=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞. D ˆH∆„`«=Ú
qMϺ`«"≥∞ÿ#k. WHõ¯_» Dâ◊fi~°∞_»∞ „Ѩ^è•# ^≥·==Ú. ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ
J=∞‡"åi â◊H˜ÎÑ‘~î°=ÚWK«Û@<Õ HõÅ^Œ∞. #=∞™ê¯~° s`«∞ÅÖ’áê^Œ
#=∞™ê¯~°=Ú „âı+¨ª"≥∞ÿ#@∞¡ „uQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅÖ’ áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=Ú
„âı+¨ª"≥∞ÿ#k. QÀ^•=i ѨÙ+¨¯~° HÍÅ=ÚÖ’ qâı+¨=ÚQÍ Xi™êû ~åR=Ú
 12
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
#∞O_ç F„_è∞» Å∞ Hõhã¨=Ú WO\˜H˜ XHõ~Ô <· å =zÛ ~å[=∞O„_ç QÀ^•=iÖ’
™êfl#=Ú =∂„`«"Õ∞ KÕã≤ Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°OÖ’QÆÅ D áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=ÚÖ’
Ñ≤O_» „Ѩ^•#=Ú KÕÜ«Ú@ `«~°`«~°=ÚÅQÍ =K«∞ÛK«∞#fl PKå~°=ÚQÍ
L#flk.
áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`« ã¨Oâı=#=Ú Ñ≤`«$ =ÚH˜Î Hõ~°=Ú. ã¨~°fiáêѨ
ǨÏ~°=Ú. Ñ≤`«$=ÚH˜ÎHõ~°"≥∞ÿ# ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅ∞ ˆH=Å=Ú S^Œ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ D
Éè∂í =∞O_»ÅOÃÑ· L#flq. (1) t~ÀQÆÜ∞« , cǨ~°∞ (2) <åaè QÆÜ∞« , Xi™êû
(3) áê^ŒQÜ Æ ∞« , Ñ≤~åî ѨÙ~°=Ú, PO„^è^Œ âÕ =◊ Ú, (4) =∂`«$QÆÜ∞« ã≤kÑú Ó¨ ~ü,
QÆ∞*~å`ü (5) |^ŒsÖ’QÆÅ „|ǨχHõáêÅ ˆH∆„`«=Ú L`«Î~åOK«Öò.
â’¡II ÜÕ∞+¨ì"åº |ǨÏ=óѨل`åó Ü«∞^ÕºHÀÑ≤ QÆÜ«∂O „=*Ë`üI
Q“sO"å =~°ÜÕ∞`«¯<åºO hÅO "å =$+¨=Ú`«û$*Ë`üII
"åÜ«ÚѨÙ~å}=ÚÖ’QÆÅ QÆÜ«∞ =∂Ǩ`«‡º=ÚÖ’ "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬
D q^è=Œ ÚQÍ „"åã≤<å~°∞. =∞# Ñ≤`$« ^Õ=`«Å∞ JO^Œ~∂° =∂ =Oâ◊=ÚÖ’
Z=Ô~·<å QÆÜ«∂ „âß^Œú=Ú KÕ™êÎ~å! Z=Ô~·<å y`«Î^Œ∂_»‰õΩ P=ÙÃÑÜ«∞º‰õΩ
ÃÑo¡ KÕ™êÎ~å? Z=Ô~·<å ~°[ã¨fiÅ HÍx Hõ#º‰õΩ q"åǨÏ=Ú KÕ™êÎ~å! Jx
Z^Œ∞~°∞ K«∂ã¨∞ÎO\Ï~°@. ZO^Œ∞Hõ#QÍ QÆÜ«∞ „âß^Œú=Ú KÕÜ«Ú@=Å#<Õ
Ñ≤`«~°∞Å∞ JO^Œ~°∂ `«i™êÎ~°∞. (Z^Œ∞̉õΩ) JK«∞Û"Õã≤ (P=Ù`À) ÃÑo§ KÕ¿ãÎ
QÀã¨O`«u =$kÌ J=Ù`«∞Ok. ^•x=Å# Ñ≤`«$^Õ=`«Å∞ `«i™êÎ~°∞.
~°[ã¨fiÅHÍx Hõ#º‰õΩ q"åǨÏ=Ú KÕ¿ãÎ Ñ≤`«~°∞Å∞ JO^Œ~°∂ `«i™êÎ~°∞.
Ñ≤`«$^Õ=`«Å∞ `«iOK«∞@‰õΩ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# =¸_»∞ =∂~°æ=ÚÅ∞ W"Õ. D
áê^ŒQÜ Æ ∂« Hˆ „∆ `«=ÚÖ’ Ñ≤`$« HÍ~°º„Hõ=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜÚ« @ KåÖÏ „áê=ÚYº=Ú.
WK«Û@ QÆÜ«∂áê^Œ=Ú q+¨µ‚ áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ PÅÜ«∞=Ú#flk. Wk KåÖÏ
„áê=ÚYº`« Hõey#k.
=ÚYº=ÚQÍ WHõ¯_» J#fl^•#=Ú KÕÜ«Ú@ =Å# =∞# Ñ≤`«$^Õ=`«Å∞
`«Ñ¨ÊHõ =ÚH˜Îx á⁄O^Œ∞`å~°∞. âßâ◊fi`« x`åº#fl^•#=Ú ã‘¯=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞.
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 13

Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉèí∂ t= ˆH∆„`«=Ú

ã¨~°fiÖ’Hõ â◊√ÉèíOHõ~°∞_≥·# â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ Ö’HõHõàϺ}Ï~°ú=Ú QÆÜ«∂
ã¨∞~°∞x ã¨OǨÏiOK«∞ xq∞`«Î=Ú HÀ_ç ~°∂Ѩ=Ú#∞^èŒiOz QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x
HÀiHõ "Õ∞~°‰Ωõ eOQÆ~∂° ѨÙ_≥· ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉè∞í ==¸iÎÜ∞ÿ≥ N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯@ eOˆQâ◊fi~°
™êfiq∞QÍ D ˆH∆„`«=∞O^Œ∞ q~ålÅ∞¡K«∂ ÉèíHõÎHÀ\˜x J#∞x`«º=Ú
J#∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOK«∞K«∞#fl k=º ™êÊù\˜Hõ eOQÆ=¸iÎ. N™êfiq∞"å~°∞ Éèí‰õΩÎÅ
áêe@ HõÅÊ`«~°∞=ÙQÍ „Ѩã≤kú K≥Ok<å~°∞.
N™êfiq∞"åi ^Õ"Õi
N ~å[~å*Ëâ◊fis^Õq
D ˆH∆„`«=ÚÖ’ N ~å[~å*Ëâ◊fii J=∞‡"å~°∞ Éèí‰õΩÎÅ áêe@
HõÅÊ=e¡. HÀi# HÀÔ~¯Å∞ f~°∞Û K«Å¡x `«e¡. „|Ǩ‡O_»Ñ¨Ù~å}=ÚÖ’x
Åe`å ~°ÇϨ 㨺 ã¨ÇϨ „ã¨<å=∞=ÚÖ’ =i‚Oz#@∞¡ – ‰õΩ=∂~° QÆ}<å^è•OÉÏ
J#∞ <å=∞=Ú#‰õΩ ã¨iѨ_∞» #@∞¡ XHõÑH¨ ¯õ K«`∞« ~°∞ƒù[=¸iÎQÍ =∞Ü«¸~°
"åǨÏ#∞_≥·# ‰õΩ=∂~°™êfiq∞, =∞iÜ≥ÚHõ „ѨHõ¯ K«`«∞~°∞ƒùA_≥·# QÆ}Ѩu
=¸iÎ N J=∞‡"åi¯ W~°∞áê~°≈fi=ÚÅÖ’ LO_»∞@ qâı+¨=Ú. =∞iÜ«Ú
~å[~å[â◊fi~Ô º· #=∞ó J#∞ <å=∞=Ú ‰õÄ_® Åe`å ã¨ÇϨ „ã¨=∞O^Œ∞ HõÅ^Œ∞.
D J=∞‡"åifl N Pkâ◊OHõ~åKå~°º™êfiq∞ „Ѩu+≤ªOz#@∞¡ ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞
K≥ѨC^Œ∞~°∞.
HÍzÅ¡`å`«`«~°∞ó HõtÛfÊiÜ«∂O ã¨^Œ^Œ∞ƒù`«"£∞!
JѨ~å‚ ™êã¨`«∞™ê÷}∞ó ^Œ^•`Õ HÍOH˜∆`«O Ѷ¨Å"£∞II
Ñ‘iîHÍѨÙ~°OÖ’ J^Œ∞ƒù`«"≥∞ÿ# XHÍ<˘Hõ Å`« (fQÆ) HõÅ^Œ∞.
 14
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
XHÍ<˘Hõ K≥@∞ì (`«~°∞=Ù) L<åflÜ«∞x P fQÆ P‰õΩÅ∞ ÖËx^Œx, P K≥@∞ì
"≥∂_»∞ J~Ú#ѨÊ\˜H© HÀi# ѶŨ =ÚÅxK«∞Û#h Hõgâ◊fi~°∞Öˇ#· ^Õ=ÙÅѨe¡
™È^Œ~°∞ÅÖ’ XHõÔ~·# N "ÕOHõ@ âß„ã≤ÎQÍ~°∞ =i‚Oz<å~°∞.
D ˆH∆„`«=Ú#∞ Hõ$`«Ü«ÚQÆ=Ú# q+¨µ‚ „|¿ÇχO„^•^Œ∞Å∞,
„`Õ`åÜ«ÚQÆ=Ú# N~å=Ú_»∞, ^•fiѨ~°Ü«ÚQÆ=Ú# "åºã¨, ‰õΩOf,
áêO_»"å^Œ∞Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú D HõeHÍÅ=Ú# ZO^Œ~À =∞Ǩ`«∞‡Å∞
¿ãqOz<å~°∞.
N™êfiq∞"å~°¡‰õΩ J=∞‡"å~°¡‰õΩ âßâ◊fi`« ѨÓ*Ï ã‘¯=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞.

"åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ Ñ‘iîHÍѨÙ~° ã¨O^Œ~°≈#O

"åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ Ñ‘~îåѨÙ~°ˆH∆„`«=Ú#‰õΩ =zÛ#@∞¡
™ê¯O^ŒÑ¨Ù~å}=Ú #O^Œ∞ HõÅ^Œ∞.
ѨÓ~°fiHÍÅ=ÚÖ’ "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ t+¨ºã¨"Õ∞`«=ÚQÍ HÍj
ˆH∆„`«=ÚÖ’ LO_≥_ç"å~°∞. J#flѨÓ~å‚ qâ◊fi<å^èŒ∞Å∞ "åix XHõ™êi
ѨsH˜∆OK«^ŒÅz<å~°∞. "åiH˜ H˘kÌ ~ÀAÅ∞ J#fl=Ú ^˘~°HõÖË^Œ∞.
"åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬, "åi t+¨µºÅ∞ PHõe ÉÏ^è#Œ ∞ `åà◊ÖHË õ KåÖÏ ÉÏ^èÑŒ _¨ <ç å~°∞.
JO`«@ "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ HÀÑ≤Oz HÍjˆH„∆ `«=Ú#∞ â◊ÑO≤ K«∞@‰õΩ ѨÓ#∞H˘<≥#∞.
J#flѨ Ó ~å‚ ã¨ ^ Œ # "≥ ∞ ÿ # D HÍjˆ H ∆ „ `« = ÚÖ’ <å‰õ Ω <å
Ѩi"å~°=Ú#‰õΩ J#fl=Ú^˘~°HHõ áõ È=Ù@Ü«∂? J\ì̃ D HÍj Hˆ „∆ `«=Ú#∞
Éè∂í =∞O_»Å=ÚÃÑ· ÖˉΩõ O_® KÕ™êÎ#∞ Jx â◊ÑO≤ K«∞@‰õΩ [Å=Ú KÕuÖ’H˜
fã¨∞H˘#QÍ JѨC_»∞ J#flѨÓ~å‚^Õq XHõ ÃÑ^ŒÌ =Ú`«Î~Ú^Œ∞=ÙQÍ =zÛ
"åºã¨∞x "åiOz, "åiH˜ ã¨O`«$Ñ≤QÎ Í Éè’[#=Ú ÃÑ\˜ì `«~∞° "å`« J#flѨÓ~å‚
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 15
qâıfiâ◊fi~°∞Å∞ x[~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ#∞ ^•eÛ "åºã¨∞x`À D q^è=Œ ÚQÍ Ñ¨e¯i.
''#K«<Õ „HÀ^èŒ=Ú^äŒû$+¨ìO |∞kú~°ƒù=u áêiú"åó!—— Jx ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞
K≥ѨÙ`å~°∞. `«áÈ^èŒ#∞Öˇ·# g∞=O\˜ "åi¯ HÀѨ=Ú ~å‰õÄ_»^Œ∞.
JǨÏOHÍ~°∞Å~Ú# g∞=O\˜ "å~°∞ D ˆH∆„`«=ÚÖ’ LO_»\ÏxH˜ J~°∞›Å∞
HÍ~°∞. g∞‰õΩ ˆH∆„`« |Ç≤Ïëê¯~°=Ú qkèOK«∞K«∞<åfl=Ú Jx ѨeH˜<å~°∞.
"åºã¨ =∞ǨÏi¬ "≥O@<Õ `«# `«Ñ¨C#∞ „QÆÇ≤ÏOz =∞xflOK«=∞x HÀ~°QÍ,
"å~°∞ h=Ù t+¨ºã¨"∞Õ `«=ÚQÍ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ =◊ ÚÖ’QÆÅ Jxfl ѨÙ}ºˆH„∆ `«=ÚÅ#∞
^Œi≈Oz#KÀ h áêѨ=Ú Ñ¨iǨ~°=Ú HÍQÆÅ^Œ∞, JѨÙ_≥·<å h=Ù D
ˆH∆„`«=Ú#‰õΩ J=`«Å (QÆOQƉõΩ J=`«Å) =∂„`«"Õ∞ x=ã≤OK«=Öˇ#∞.
h=Ù#flKÀ@∞ h ¿Ñ~°∞# '"åºã¨HÍj—QÍ „Ѩãk≤ ú K≥O^ŒQÅÆ ^Œ∞ Jx J#flѨÓ~å‚
qâıfiâ◊fi~°∞Å∞ ѨeH˜<å~°∞. "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ "åiH˜ #=∞㨯iOz "åi =^ŒÌ
ÃãÅ=Ù fã¨∞H˘x f~°úÜ«∂„`«Å‰õΩ |Ü«∞Å∞^Õi<å_»∞.
f~°úÜ«∂„`«Å∞ KÕã¨∂Î "å\˜ „áê=ÚYº`«#∞QÆ∂iÛ q=iOKÕ
q^è=Œ ÚQÍ ™ê¯O^Œ=∞ǨѨÙ~å}=Ú UÉè=·ˇ ¸_»∞ YO_»=ÚÅ∞QÍ „"åã≤<å~°∞.
HÍjYO_» = Ú, ˆ H ^•~° Y O_» = Ú, Q“sYO_» = Ú, ˆ ~ "åYO_» = Ú
"≥Ú^ŒÅQÆ∞#q HõÅ=Ù. "å\˜Ö’ cè=∞YO_»=Ú J#∞#k KåÖÏ
„áê=ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ k. PO„^è^Œ âÕ =◊ ÚÖ’QÆÅ J~°ãq¨ e¡ #∞O_ç J=∞~å=u =~°‰Ωõ
QÆŠѨÙ}ºˆH„∆ `«=ÚÅ#∞ QÆ∂iÛ ™ê¯O^ŒÑÙ¨ ~å}ÏO`«~`æ° "« ∞≥ #ÿ cè=∞ YO_»=Ú
#O^Œ∞ =i‚OzÜ«Ú<åfl~°∞. ^•xÖ’ =¸_»=J^蕺ܫ∞=Ú „Ѩ`ÕºHõ=ÚQÍ
Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú#∞ QÆ∂iÛ =ÚѨÊkP~°∞ â’¡Hõ=ÚÅ`À =i‚Oz<å~°∞.
''J^äŒqO^蕺K«Ö’áê<ÕÎ „ueOQÀ`«¯Å^Õ â◊Ü≥∂óI
ã¨O^èÒã¨g∞¿Ñ N cè=∞O_»Å㨺 ѨÙ~À`«Î=∞"£∞II
#=Y}Ϥxfi`å YO_»Å H∆À}© =∞O_»Å=∞O_»#"£∞I
<å<åã¨=∞$kú ã¨=∞Ê#flO qMϺ`«O ˆH∆„`«=Ú`«Î=∞"£∞II
 16
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
ˆH^•~° ‰õΩ=∞ƒùHÀ}Ïk ѨÙ}ºˆH∆„`« ã¨=∞O =∞ǨÏ`üI
Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O =Úx=~À x[tÃ+·ºã¨ûǨqâ◊`üII——
Jx D Hˆ „∆ `«=Ú „ueOQÆ (`≥Å∞QÆ∞) L`«¯à◊ (Xi™êû) ~åR=ÚÅ
㨠i Ǩ Ï ^Œ ∞ Ì Å Ö’ cè = ∞O_» Å =Ú#‰õ Ω Ѩ Ó ~° fi Éè Ï QÆ = ÚÖ’ #=YO_®
YO_»Å"≥∞ÿ# Éèí∂=∞O_»Å=Ú#‰õΩ =∞‰õΩ\ÏÜ«∞=∂#"≥∞ÿ L`«Î~° ^Õâ◊=ÚÖ’
QÆÅ ˆH^•~°=Ú, ^ŒH˜∆} ^Õâ◊=ÚÖ’QÆÅ ‰õΩOÉèíHÀ}=Ú J#∞ ѨÙ}ºˆH∆„`«=Ú
Å`À Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O ã¨=∂#"≥∞ÿ#k Jx,D ˆH∆„`«=Ú#∞ t+¨ºã¨"Õ∞`«=ÚQÍ
"åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ ã¨fiÜ«∞=ÚQÍ ^Œi≈OK«∞H˘#fl@∞¡ „"åã≤Ü«Ú<åfl~°∞.
D cè=∞YO_»=Ú#‰õΩ Hõq™ê~°fiÉè∫=Ú_≥#· N<å^è∞Œ _»∞ `≥Å∞QÆ∞Ö’
Ѩ^ŒºÉèÏQÆ=ÚQÍ cè"Õ∞â◊fi~°Ñ¨Ù~å}=Ú J#∞ „QÆO^äŒ=Ú#∞ „"åã≤<å~°∞.
^•xÖ’ D ˆH∆„`«=Ú#∞ QÆ∂iÛ „H˜Ok q^èŒ=ÚQÍ =i‚Oz<å~°∞.
''HÀ}Ï~°¯ ˆH∆„`«=Ú "å~°}Ïj
ˆH^•~°f~°ú~å[O|∞
‰õΩOcèHÀ} ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊
™ê÷}∞™ê÷#O|∞ "≥∂Hõ∆^è•=∞O|∞ ÖˇO^Œ∞<£II——
=∞iÜ«Ú
N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~° ™êfiq∞x QÆ∂iÛ "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ D „H˜Ok
q^èŒ=ÚQÍ =i‚OzÜ«Ú<åfl~°∞.
''J^è•Éèí[`«=∞øhâ’ ^Õ"Õâ◊O ÉèíHõÎ=`«ûÅ"£∞II
qâßfi`«‡HõO =∞ǨÉèÏQÆO âßâ◊fi`«O ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~°"£∞II——
^Õ=^Õ=Ù_≥·# â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ ã¨~°fi„ѨѨOK«=Ú#∞ `«#Ü«∞O^Œ∞
Hõ Å "å_» ∞ . =∞Ǩ  #∞Éè Ï =Ù_» ∞ J~Ú# ™êfiq∞x <Õ # ∞㨠fi Ü« ∞ OQÍ
¿ãqOK«∞K«∞<åfl#∞.
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 17

N ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍâ◊H˜Î Ñ‘~î° =∂Ǩ`«‡º=Ú

â’¡II ÅOHÍÜ«∂O âßOHõs^Õg – HÍ=∂H©∆ HõOzHÍѨو~I
„Ѩ^Œ∞º"Õ∞fl â◊$OYÖÏ^Õg – Kå=ÚO_® „H“OK«Ñ¨@ì}ËII
JÅOѨو~ *’QÆ∞ÖÏOÉÏ – Nâ‹·ÖË„Éèí=∞~åOaHÍI
H˘ÖϛѨو~ =∞ǨÅH©∆ ‡ – =∂Ǩ˙ˆ~º UHõgiHÍII
L[˚~Ú<åºO =∞ǨHÍm – Ñ‘~îåÜ«∂O ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍI
F_®º}Ë yi*Ï^Õg – =∂}˜ˆHº ^ŒHõ∆ "å\˜HÍ II
ǨÏiˆH∆„`Õ HÍ=∞~°∂Ñ‘ – „Ѩܫ∂ˆQ =∂^èŒ"Õâ◊fis I
*ÏfiÖÏÜ«∂O "≥·+¨‚g^Õg – QÆÜ«∂ =∂OQÆà◊ºQ“iHÍII
"å~°}Ï™êºO qâßÖÏH©∆– HÍj‡ˆ~`«∞ ã¨~°ã¨fifI
Jëêì^Œâ◊ Ñ‘ˆ~î+¨µ – Ü≥∂yaèˆ~Ì= xi‡`«"£∞II——
Jëêì^⌠◊ â◊HΘ Ñ‘~=°î ÚÅ#∞ QÆ∂iÛ "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ ѨÙ~å}=ÚÅÖ’
=i‚Oz<å~°∞, NÅOHõÖ’ âßOHõs^Õq, „H“OK«Ñ@¨ }ì =Ú# Kå=ÚO_®^Õq,
JÅOѨÙ~°=Ú#O^Œ∞ *’QÆ∞ÖÏOÉÏ^Õg, Nâ‹·Å=∞O^Œ∞ „Éèí=∞~åOÉÏ^Õq,
HÀÖϛѨÙ~°=∞O^Œ∞ =∞ǨÅH©∆ ‡^Õq, =∂Ǩ˙~ü #O^Œ∞ UHõg~å^Õq.
L[˚~ÚxÜ«∞O^Œ∞ =∞ǨHÍm^Õq, Ñ‘~îåѨÙ~°=Ú# ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ^Õq,
*ÏlѨÓ~üÖ’ yi*Ï^Õq, „^•H∆Í~å=∞=ÚÖ’ =∂}˜HͺOÉÏ^Õq, ǨÏi^•fi~ü
Ö’ =∂#™ê^Õq, „Ѩܫ∂QÆÖ’ =∂^èŒ"Õâ◊fis^Õq, *ÏfiÅÖ’ "≥·+¨‚g^Õq,
QÆÜ«∞Ö’ =∞OQÆà◊Q“s^Õq, "å~°}ÏtÖ’ qâßÖÏH©∆^Õq, HÍj‡~°∞Ö’
ã¨~°ã¨fif^Õq D Jëêì^Œâ◊ â◊H˜ÎÑ‘~î°=ÚÅ∞(18)QÍ „Ѩã≤kú K≥Ok#q.
â◊H˜ÎÑ‘~î°=ÚÅ Pq~åƒù= Hõ^èŒ#=Ú Z\˜ì^Œ#QÍ, ѨÓ~°fiHÍÅ=Ú#
Hõ$`«ÜÚ« QÆ=ÚÖ’ (K«O„^Œ=Oâ◊=~°#ú ∞_≥#· ) ^ŒH∆õ „Ѩ*ÏѨu Ѩ~åâ◊HxΘ QÆ∂iÛ
J<ÕHõ k=º =~°¬=ÚÅ∞ (ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞) `«Ñ¨=Ú KÕÃã#∞.J`«x
 18
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`«Ñ㨠∞¨ û‰õΩ "≥∞zÛ Ñ¨~åâ◊HΘ „Ѩ`º« Hõ=∆ ∞Ü≥∞º#∞. ã¨O`ÀëêO`«~O° QÆ∞_≥#· ^Œ‰Ω∆õ _»∞
P"≥∞#∞ J<ÕHõ q^èŒ=ÚÅ∞QÍ ™È΄`«=Ú KÕÃã#∞. =`åû ^ŒH∆Í! h `«Ñ¨ã¨∞ûH˜
"≥∞zÛ<å#∞ XHõ =~°=Ú HÀ~°∞HÀ=∞<≥#∞. JO`« t=Éèí‰õΩÎ_≥·# ^Œ‰õ∆Ω_»∞, h
JOâ◊`À â◊OHõ~°∞xH˜ ÉèÏ~°ºÜ«∞QÆ∞ XHõ ‰õΩ=∂Ô~Î HõÅ∞QÆ∞#@∞¡ =~°=Ú
W=∞‡x HÀÔ~#∞.
JO| J>Ë¡ Jx =~°q∞zÛ JO`«~åú#=Ú K≥O^≥#∞. HÍÅ„Hõ=∞
=Ú# ^Œ‰õ∆Ω#‰õΩ Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Î JOâ◊`À XHõ ‰õΩ=∂Ô~Î [x‡OK≥#∞. ^Œ‰õ∆Ω_»∞
P"≥∞‰õΩ ã¨f^Õq Jx <å=∞Hõ~}° =Ú KÕÃã#∞. ã¨f^Õq k#k# „==~°=ú ∂#
JQÆ∞K«∞O_≥#∞. XHÍ<˘Hõ â◊√Éèí=ÚǨ˙~°Î=Ú# ã¨f^Õqx â◊OHõ~°∞#‰õΩ
WzÛ q"åǨÏ=Ú KÕÃã#∞. "åi~°∞=Ù~°∞ ZO`À J<Àº#º=ÚQÍ
^•OѨ ` « º r=#=Ú QÆ _ » ∞ Ѩ Ù K« ∞ O_ç i . HÍÅ„Hõ = ∞=Ú# ^Œ ‰ õ ∆ Ω xÖ’
JǨÏOHÍ~°=Ú „Ѩ"ÕtOz#k.
XHÍ<˘Hõ 㨠= ∞Ü« ∞ =Ú# „Ѩ Ü « ∂ QÆ ˆ H ∆ „ `« = Ú# n~° … H ÍÅ
㨄`«Ü«∂QÆ=Ú [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞#flk. JK«@‰õΩ ã¨=∞ã¨Î ^Õ=|∞∞+≤QÆ}=ÚÅ∞
=zÛ#q. P Ü«∂QÆ=Ú#‰õΩ ã¨~åfi^茺‰õ∆ΩxQÍ â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ ã¨~Àfi#fl`«
™ê÷#=Ú# LO_≥#∞. XHõ~ÀA# ã¨^Œã¨∞û [~°∞QÆ∞K«∞O_»QÍ ^Œ‰õ∆Ω_»∞
JK«@‰õΩ=K≥Û#∞. JǨÏOHÍiÜ≥∞ÿ # ^Œ‰Ω∆õ _»∞ â◊OHõ~∞° _»∞ `«##∞ „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ=ÚQÍ
Q“~°qOKåÅh, â◊OHõ~°∞x „ѨHõ¯# „Ѩ`ÕºHõ Pã¨#=Ú W"åfiÅx
ÉèÏqOKå_»∞. Ѩ~°=∂`«∞‡x ^Œ$+≤ìÖ’ JO^Œ~°∂ ã¨=∂#∞ÖË JO^Œ∞KÕ`«
â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ ^Œ‰õ∆ΩxH˜ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ=ÚQÍ U q^èŒ"≥∞ÿ# =∞~åº^ŒÅ∞ KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞.
^Œ‰õ∆Ω_»∞ „‰õΩ^Œ∞ú(HÀÑ≤Oz)_≥· D â◊OHõ~°∞xH˜ JǨÏOHÍ~°=Ú
ÃÑiy#k. t=Ùx JǨÏOHÍ~°=Ú `˘ÅyáÈÜÕ∞ q^èŒ=ÚQÍ „ѨfHÍ~°=Ú
[iÃÑ^Œ#x ѨeH˜ ^Œ‰õ∆Ω_»∞ JK«@ #∞O_ç "≥_»eáÈÜ≥∞#∞.
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 19
QÆifiÜ≥ÿ∞# ^Œ‰õ∆Ω_»∞ â◊OHõ~°∞x J==∂# Ѩ~°∞K«∞@‰õΩ t=Ù#‰õΩ
„áê=ÚYº`«ÖËx q^èŒ=ÚQÍ, xsâ◊fi~° Ü«∂QÆ=Ú J#∞#k `«ÅÃÑ>ˇì#∞.
Ü«∞[˝Ü«∂QÍk „Hõ`«∞=ÙÅÖ’ WK«∞Û Ç¨Ïq~åƒùQÆ=ÚÅ =Å# ^Õ=`«Å∞
|Ö’¿Ñ`«∞Å∞ J=Ù`å~°∞. ZѨÙ_≥`· Õ Ü«∞*Ï˝^∞Œ ÅÖ’ ǨÏq~åƒùQ=Æ ÚÅ∞ JO^Œ"À
JѨÙ_»∞ ^Õ=`«Å∞ â◊H˜Î Ç‘Ï#∞Ö∫`å~°∞. `«^•fi~å "å~°∞ ^Õ=QÆ}=ÚÅÖ’
„áê=ÚYº`«#∞ HÀÖ’Ê`å~°∞.
^Œ‰õ∆Ω_»∞ `«ÅÃÑ\˜ì# xsâ◊fi~° Ü«∂QÆ=Ú#‰õΩ â◊OHõ~°∞#‰õΩ `«Ñ¨Ê
ã¨=∞ã¨Î ^Õ=, |∞∞+≤, QÆ~°∞_», QÆO^èŒ~°fi, Ü«∞Hõ∆, H˜#fl~°, H˜OѨÙ~°∞ëê^Œ∞ʼnõΩ
PǨfi#=ÚÅ∞ JOk#q. "å~°O^Œ~°∂ Ü«∞[˝=Ú#‰õΩ |Ü«∞Å∞^Õi
"≥à◊√§K«∞<åfl~°∞. ÔH·ÖÏã¨=Ú# ã¨f^Õq qǨ~°=ÚÖ’#∞O_»QÍ H˘O^Œ~°∞
k=ÙºÅ∞ q=∂<å~°∂_è»∞Öˇ· "≥à◊√§K«∞O_»∞@ K«∂z "åix F k=ÙºÖÏ~å!
g∞~°∞ ZK«@‰õΩ "≥à◊√§K«∞<åfl~°∞. JK«@ [iˆQ =∞Ǩϟ`«û==Ú Uq∞ Jx,
ã¨f^Õq „ѨtflOz#k. "å~°∞ J=∂‡! "Õ∞=Ú h `«O„_ç ^ŒHõ∆ „Ѩ*ÏѨu
Ü«∂QÆ=Ú KÕÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl_»∞. JHõ¯_»H˜ "≥à◊√§K«∞<åfl=Ú JxK≥Ñ≤Ê "å~°∞
"≥o§<å~°∞.
ã¨f^Õq ѨÙ\˜ìO\˜ Ü«∞O^Œ∞QÆÅ =∞=∞HÍ~°=ÚKÕ `«#`«O„_ç
Ü«∞O^Œ∞QÆÅ „¿Ñ=∂uâ◊Ü∞« =ÚKÕ `«# `«O„_ç „Ñ≤Ü∞« ѨلuHõ J~Ú# `«##∞
ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ Ñ≤Å∞=ÖË^Œ∞? XHõ "Õà◊ =∞~°záÈ~Ú LO\Ï_»∞ Jx ÉèÏqOz
â◊OHõ~°∞x =^ŒÌ‰õΩ "≥o¡ ™êfig∞! <å `«O„_ç Ü«∞[˝=Ú KÕÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl_»@.
=∞#=Ú ‰õÄ_® "≥à◊^•=Ú Jx ѨiѨi q^èŒ=ÚÅ „áêiúOz#k.
â◊OHõ~∞° _»∞ ã¨~fi° A˝_∞» Hõ#∞Hõ Ñ≤Å=x ¿Ñ~°O@=Ú#‰õΩ áȉõÄ_»^xŒ P"≥∞‰õΩ
K≥ÃÑÊ#∞. J~Ú##∂ ã¨f^Õq Ѩ@∞ìq_»∞=ÖË^Œ∞. Hõhã¨O ##fl~Ú<å
ѨOÑ≤OK«O_ç. <å `«O„_çH˜ K≥ÑÊ≤ q∞=∞‡efl ‰õÄ_® PǨfixOKÕ@@∞¡ KÕ™êÎ#∞
Jx "Õ_»∞H˘#flk.
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qkè x~°Ü ‚ ∞« =Ú#∞ `«ÑÊ≤ OK«~å^Œx ÉèÏqOz# â◊OHõ~∞° _»∞ ã¨f^Õq
^Œ‰õ∆Ωx WO\˜H˜ "≥à◊√§@‰õΩ J#∞=∞uOz, #Onâ◊fi~å^Œ∞Å#∞ P"≥∞‰õΩ
`À_»∞QÍ WzÛ Ñ¨OÃÑ#∞. ã¨f^Õq ^Œ‰Ω∆õ x WO\˜H˜ =zÛ#k. `«# `«eQ¡ Íx,
™È^Œ~° ™È^ŒsÅ∞ QÍx, Z=~°∂ P"≥∞#∞ ѨÅ∞HõiOK«Ö^Ë ∞Œ . Ö’xH˜ ~°=∞‡x
Ñ≤Å∞=ÖË^∞Œ . P"≥∞ =∂\Ï¡_#ç #∂ "å~°∞ |^Œ∞Å∞ K≥Ñʨ ÖË^∞Œ . ã¨f^Õqu#flQÍ
^Œ‰Ω∆õ x =^Œ‰Ì Ωõ "≥o§ `«O„_ô! h=Ù KÕÜÚ« K«∞#fl D Ü«∞[˝=Ú#‰õΩ â◊OHõ~∞° x
ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ Ñ≤Å∞=ÖË^∞Œ ? â◊OHõ~∞° _»∞ÖËx Ü«∞[˝=Ú q<åâ◊H~õ =° Ú. ã¨~fi° Ö’Hõ
â◊√ÉèíOHõ~°∞_≥·# â◊OHõ~°∞xH˜ D Ü«∞[˝=∞O^Œ∞ „áê=ÚYº`« ÖËxKÀ h‰õΩ
=∞OzkHÍ^Œ∞ Jx ã¨f^Õq J<ÕHõ s`«∞Å ^Œ‰õ∆ΩxH˜ Ç≤Ï`«É’^èŒ KÕã≤#k.
^Œ∞~°∞ƒkúÜ≥ÿ∞# ^Œ‰õ∆Ω_»∞ P"≥∞ =∂@Å∞ ÃÑ_»K≥qx ÃÑ\˜ì<å_»∞.
P"≥∞#∞ xOkOK«∞@ÜÕ∞ HÍHõ â◊OHõ~∞° x ‰õÄ_® J<ÕHõ q^è=Œ ÚÅ xOkOz
<å<å ^Œ∞~åƒù+Ũ ∞ P_ç<å_»∞. ã¨f^Õq q+¨µ‚ „|Ǩ‡^Œ∞Å#∞ WO„^•^Œ∞Å#∂
xÅnã≤ J_çy#k. â◊OHõ~°∞xH˜ ǨÏq~åƒùQÆ=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx Ü«∂QÆ=Ú
q<åâ◊Hõ~°=∞x PÜ«∞# ÖˉõΩO_® g∞~°∞ ZÖÏ =KåÛ~°∞. Hõhã¨=Ú Wk
h‰õΩ ˆH∆=∞Hõ~°=Ú HÍ^Œx g∞~°O^Œ~°∂ ^Œ‰õ∆Ωx ZO^Œ∞‰õΩ "åiOK«ÖË^Œx
ã¨f^Õq ^Õ=`«Å#∞ J_çy#k.
JѨC_»∞ t=Éèí‰õΩÎ_≥·# ^Œnèz =∞ǨÏi¬ ^Õ=`«ÅO^Œih ÃÇÏK«Û
iOKå_»∞. g∞~°O^Œ~°∂ ÉèíOQÆѨ_»`å~°∞ J==∂#=Ú `«Ñ¨Ê^Œ∞ Jx.
^Œ‰Ω∆õ x ‰õÄ_® ÃÇÏK«ÛiOz h‰õΩ q<åâ◊=Ú D Ü«∞[˝=Ú#‰õΩ q^èfiŒ Oã¨=Ú
HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. WѨC_≥·<å t=Ùx â◊~°}∞ "Õ_»=∞x K≥áêÊ_»∞. =¸~°∞ö_≥·#
^Œ‰õ∆Ω_»∞ ^Œnèz =∞ǨÏi¬ =∂@Å#∞‰õÄ_® ÖˇYö KÕÜ«∞ÖË^Œ∞. "≥O@<Õ ^Œnèz
=∞ǨÏi¬ JHõ¯_» #∞O_ç x„+¨¯q∞Oz<å_»∞.
J==∂#=Ú`À ÉèOí QÆÑ_¨ #ç ã¨f^Õq ^ŒH∆õ Ü«∞[˝=Ú q^èfiŒ Oã¨=Ú
JQÆ∞#x â◊Ñ≤Oz JK«Û@<Õ „áê}=ÚÅ∞ q_çz#k. ã¨=∞ã¨Î^Õ=, |∞∞+≤
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 21
QÆ}=Ú, ^ŒHõ∆ Ѩi"å~°=Ú Ç¨ǨHÍ~°=ÚÅ∞ KÕã≤<å~°∞. #Onâ◊fi~å^Œ∞Å∞
ǨǨHÍ~°=ÚÅ∞KÕÜÚ« K«∂ ã¨f =∞~°}"å~°Î â◊OHõ~∞° #‰õΩ `≥eÜ«∞*ËÜ∞« QÍ,
â◊OHõ~∞° _»∞ „‰õΩ^Œ∞_ú ·≥ „ѨàÜ
◊ ∞« `åO_»==Ú KÕã,≤ `«# [\ÏE@=Ú #∞O_ç
XHõ [@#∞ fã≤ „H˜O^Œ"ÕÜ«∞QÍ JO^Œ∞#∞O_ç g~°Éèí„^Œ∞_»∞, Éèí„^ŒHÍo
Pq~°ƒùqOz<å~°∞.
â◊OHõ~∞° _»∞ g~°É„íè ^Œ∞_»∞, Éè„í ^ŒHÍox, ã¨=∞ã¨Î „Ѩ=∞^äQŒ }Æ =ÚÅ`À
ã¨Ç¨ "≥o§ ^ŒHõ∆ Ü«∞[˝ q^èŒfiOã¨=Ú KÕÜ«Ú=∞x P*Ï˝Ñ≤Oz<å_»∞. t"å[˝
„ѨHÍ~°=Ú "å~°∞ ^Õ=`«Å#∞ |∞Ú+¨µÅ#∞ áê~°„^Àe J_»∞¤ =zÛ#"åifl
ã¨OǨÏiOz ^Œ‰õ∆Ωx t~°ã¨∞û#∞ ‰õÄ_® YO_çOz<å~°∞. ^Œ‰õ∆Ωx t~°ã¨∞û
Ü«∞[˝‰õΩO_»=ÚÖ’ Ѩ_ç =∞ã≤Ü≥ÿ∞#k.
Ѩu„=`«Ü≥ÿ∞# ^Œ‰õ∆Ωx ÉèÏ~°º „áê~°ú# "Õ∞~°‰õΩ â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ ^Œ‰õ∆Ωx
"≥ÚO_≥=Ú#‰õΩ "Õ∞Hõ`Å« #∞ JuH˜Oz ^Œ‰Ω∆õ xKÕ Ü«∞[˝=Ú Ñ¨ÓiÎ KÕ~ÚOz,
=∞~°}˜Oz# ã¨f^Õq Ü«∞O^Œ∞ `«#‰õΩ QÆÅ „¿Ñ=∞ KÕ`« P"≥∞ =∞$`«
HõàıÉ~°=Ú#∞, Éèí∞[=ÚÃÑ· ^èŒiOz q~åyÜ≥ÿ∞ â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ ã¨f
q~°Ç¨Ï"Õ^Œ#`À Ö’Hõã¨OKå~°=Ú KÕÜ«ÚK«∞O_≥#∞.
J\˜ì ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú# `å~°‰õΩ_»∞ J<Õ ~åHõ∆ã¨∞_»∞ „|Ǩχ#∞
QÆ∂iÛ`«Ñ¨ã¨∞û KÕã≤ t= g~°ºã¨=Ú^Œƒù=Ù_»∞, JÜ≥∂xA_»∞ Jyfl QÆ~°∞ƒù_»∞
P~°∞ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ=ÚÅ∞QÍ [x‡Oz Hõ#ºHõÅKÕáêezÛ ÃÑOK«|_ç XHõ¯
~°∂Ѩ=ÚQÍ U~°Ê_ç#"å_»∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ `«##∞ =kèOKÕ@@∞¡ ÖËxKÀ
=∞~°}=Ú ÖˉõΩO_»∞ =~°=Ú á⁄O^≥#∞. Ö’Hõ HõO@‰õΩ_≥·# `å~°‰õΩx
ã¨OǨÏiOKåe JO>Ë â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ =∞~°Å "Õ∞#HÍ Ç≤Ï=∞=O`«∞ʼnõΩ
‰õΩ=∂Ô~QÎ Í [x‡Oz# áê~°fiu^Õqx q"åǨÏ=Ú KÕã∞¨ ‰õΩO>Ë ‰õΩ=∂~°™êfiq∞
[x‡Oz `å~°HÍã¨∞~° ã¨OǨ~°=Ú KÕ™êÎ_»∞ Jx ^Õ=`«Å∞ ÉèÏqOz
Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Îx „áêiúOK«QÍ P"≥∞ „Ѩ`«ºHõ∆"≥∞ÿ F ^Õ=`«ÖÏ~å! `å~°HÍã¨∞~°
 22
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
ã¨OǨ~°=Ú [~°QÍÅO>Ë =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ â◊OHõ~∞° _»∞ q"åǨϟ#∞‡Y∞_»∞ HÍ"åe.
JÖÏ[~°QÍe JO>Ë N=∞Ǩq+¨µ‚=Ù ã¨∞^Œ~°≈# K«„Hõ=ÚKÕ ã¨f^Õq
=∞$`«^ÕǨxfl YO_çOKåe. JѨC_»∞ â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ ã¨f q~°Ç¨ÏÉÏ^èŒ #∞O_ç
q=Ú‰õΩÎ_≥· áê~°fifѨuÜ≥ÿ∞ Ö’Hõ HõàϺ}Ïxfl KÕ™êÎ_»∞ Jx P"≥∞
JO`«~åú#=Ú K≥Ok#k.
Ѩ~åâ◊H˜Î P[˝ "Õ∞~°‰õΩ N=∞Ǩq+¨µ‚=Ù ã¨f =∞$`«^ÕǨxfl `«#
ã¨∞^Œ~°≈# K«„Hõ=ÚKÕ`« YO_çOz<å_»∞. ã¨f^ÕǨÏÉèÏQÆ=ÚÅ∞ Éèí∂q∞ÃÑ·
Ѩ_ç 108 â◊H˜Î Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅ∞QÍ q~ålÅ∞¡K«∞#flq. JO^Œ∞ 101 qâı+¨=Ú
QÍ#∂, 52 Ñ‘~=°î ÚÅ∞ =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ qQÍ#∞, JO^Œ∞Ö’ =ÚMϺu =ÚYº"≥∞#ÿ
18 ÉèÏQÆ=ÚÅ∞ Jëêì^⌠â◊ H◊ Θ Ñ‘~=°î ÚÅ∞QÍ q~ålÅ∞¡K∂« ÉèHí HÎõ À\˜KÕ x`«º
‰õΩO‰õΩ=∂~°Û#Å∞, x`«º h~å[=ÚÅ∞ JO^Œ∞H˘#∞K«∞#flq.
JO^Œ∞Ö’ =ÚYº"≥∞ÿ# „Ѩ^è•#"≥∞ÿ# Ñ‘~î°ÉèÏQÆ=Ú (Ñ≤~°∞^Œ∞Å∞)
Ѩ_#ç KÀ>Ë Ñ‘~îåѨÙ~°=ÚQÍ#∂, Ñ‘~î°ÉèÏQÆ=Ú#‰õΩ Jkèëêª# ^Õ=`« HÍ=Ù#
WK«Û@ J=∞‡"å~°∞ Ñ‘~îåOaHõQÍ#∂, ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙`«∞ (WO„^Œ∞)xKÕ
N q^Àºáêã¨# QÍqOK«|_ç, J`«xx J#∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOz, J`«x HÀiHõ
"Õ∞~°‰õΩ N ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ^Õq Jx <å=∞=ÚKÕ „Ѩã≤kúQÍOz#k.
''`«„`«Ñ‘~îåq∞ƒHÍO â◊H˜ÎO ÔH·@ÉèÏ#ÎHõ=Å¡ÉèÏ"£∞I
=~°^•O`«`«∞Ê~åÉèíº~°‚ â◊$OQÍ@Hõ =∞Ç‘Ïã≤÷`å"£∞I
Ç≤Ï~°}‡Ü«∞O áê#áê„`«O ã¨∞ѨHõfiO =∂`«∞Å∞OQÆHõ"£∞
MË@HõO ֒ǨÏ^ŒO_»OK« ^è•~°Ü«ÚhÎ Hõ~åO|∞*ˇ·ó
ã¨~°fiÖ’ÔH·Hõ[#hO ÅH©∆ ‡OÉèíHÍκ #<å=∞ã¨óII——
Jx ™ê¯O^Œ =∞ǨѨÙ~å} cè=∞YO_»=∞O^Œ∞ N "åºã¨
ÉèíQÆ"å#∞_»∞ N J=∞‡"åifl QÆ∂iÛ =i‚OK«QÍ Hõq ™ê~°fiÉè∫=ÚÖˇ·#
N<å^èŒ∞_»∞ „H˜Ok q^èŒ=ÚQÍ =i‚Oz<å~°∞.
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 23
''Ǩ@Hõáê# áê„`«Ü«Ú <åQÆ~°|O_ç#=∂`«∞Å∞QÆ=Ú<£I
MË@=ÚÖ’Ç¨Ï ^ŒO_»=Ú <˘y<£ ^èŒi~ÚOz ѨÙ~ÀѨHõO~î°I
â◊$OQÍ@ Éèí∂q∞ ÉèÏQÆ=Ú# HÍѨÙ~°=ÚO_≥_ç Ñ‘~îåO|‰õΩ<£II
ÔH·@Éèí"≥·i ^≥·`«º „Ñ≤Ü«∞HÍ#ΉõΩ #=∞㨯iOK≥<å`«O_»∞ ÉèíH˜Î`À<£II
Ñ‘~îåѨÙ~°«"åã≤x Ñ‘~îåOaHõÜ«∞#∞ N ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ^Õq Z_»=∞
„H˜Ok KÕu Ü«∞O^Œ∞ |OQÍ~°∞ áê# áê„`«#∂, ‰õΩ_ç „H˜Ok KÕuÜ«∞O^Œ∞
q∞QÆÅ =Úyæ# =∂n (<å~°^Œ|ƒ) Ѷ¨Å=Ú#∞ Z_»=∞ÃÑ· KÕuÜ«∞O^Œ∞
_®Å∞#∂, ‰õΩ_çÃÑ· KÕuÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ֒ǨÏ^ŒO_»=Ú#∂ ^èiŒ Oz <åÅ∞æ g^è∞Œ Å
‰õÄ_»eÖ’ N K«„HõÑ‘~î°=ÚÃÑ· #∞O_ç ÉèíHõÎ HÀ\˜H˜ ã¨HõÅ ™œÉèÏQƺ ã¨=∞ã¨Î
ã¨OѨ^ŒÅ#∞ „Ѩ™êkOK«∞K«∞#flk. N ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ J=∞‡"å~°∞
Éè‰í Ωõ ÅÎ áê\ HõÅÊ=e¡. P"≥∞#∞ JiÛOK«∞ "åi¯ ã¨HÅõ ™œÉèÏQƺ ã¨OѨ^ÅŒ ∞
PÜ«Ú~å~ÀQƺ Éè’QÆÉèÏQƺ J+¨ìSâ◊fi~°º=ÚÅ#∞ „Ѩ™êkOK«∞ K«Å¡x `«e¡.
Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú#∞ ã¨O^Œi≈OK«∞@‰õΩ XHõ Ü≥∂wâ◊fi~°∞_»∞ Ç≤Ï=∂Ö
Ü«∞=ÚÅ #∞Oz =zÛ, ã¨f^Õq â◊s~°=ÚÖ’ U J=Ü«∞=ÚÅ∞ U KÀ@¡
Ѩ_ç#"À q=~°=ÚQÍ K≥Ñ≤Ê Ü«Ú<åfl~°∞. P q=~°=ÚÅ∞ Éèí‰õΩÎʼnõΩ
^≥eÜ«∞*ËÜ«Ú@‰õΩ D „H˜O^Œ „"åÜ«ÚK«∞<åfl=Ú.

Jëêì^Œâ◊ â◊H˜Î Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅ∞

1.Z_»=∞K≥q – NÅOHõ – HͺO_ô^ŒO|∞ÖÏ – âßOHõs^Õq
2. ‰õΩ_çHõ#∞fl – HÍOpѨÙ~°=Ú (`«q∞à◊<å_»∞) – HÍ=∂H©∆^Õq
3. ‰õΩ_ç KÕ~Ú – „Ѩ^Œ∞º=∞flO (KÀ\˜ÖÏ¡ – QÆ∞[~å`ü) – â◊$OYÖÏ^Õq
4. Z_»=∞KÕ~Ú – „H“OK«Ñ¨@ì}=Ú (Hõ~åfl@Hõ) – Kå=ÚO_Õâ◊fii^Õq
5. ‰õΩ_çK≥q – JÅOѨÓ~ü (PO„^èŒ) – *’QÆ∞ÖÏOÉÏ^Õq
6. ‰õΩ_çHÍÅ∞ – Nâ‹·ÅO (PO„^èŒ) – „Éèí=∞~åOÉÏ^Õq
 24
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7. =Ú‰õΩ¯ – H˘ÖϛѨÓ~ü (=∞Ǩ~åR) – =∞ǨÅH©∆ ‡^Õq
8. HõO~î°=Ú – =∂Ǩ˙~ü (=∞Ǩ~åR) – UHõg~å^Õq
9. <åÅ∞Hõ – L[˚~Úx (=∞^茺„Ѩ^Õâò) =∞ǨHÍm^Õq
10. Ñ≤~°∞^Œ∞Å∞ – Ñ‘~îåѨÙ~°O (PO„^èŒ) –ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ^Õq
11. Hõ\˜ÉèÏQÆ=Ú – *ÏlѨÓ~ü (Xi™êû) – yi*Ï^Õq
12. <åaè – „^•H∆Í~å=∞ (PO„^èŒ) – =∂}˜HͺOÉÏ^Õq
13. ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∞O – ǨÏi^•fi~ü (L`«Î~åOK«Öò) – =∂#™ê^Õq
14. Z_»=∞HÍÅ∞ – JÅǨÉÏ^£ (Ü«Ú.Ñ≤.) – =∂^èŒ"Õâ◊fis^Õq
15. <À~°∞ – [=¸‡ ([=¸‡HÍj‡~ü) – "≥·ëÈ‚^Õq
16. ã¨Î#=ÚÅ∞ – QÆÜ«∞ (cǨ~ü) – =∞OQÆà◊Q“s^Õq
17. Z_»=∞Hõ#∞fl – "å~°}Ït (Ü«Ú.Ñ≤.) – qâßÖÏH©∆^Õq
18. HõáêÅO – HÍj‡~ü ([=¸‡HÍj‡~ü) – ã¨~°ã¨fif^Õq
WqQÍHõ WOHÍ J<ÕHõ k=º â◊HΘ ™ê÷#=ÚÅ∞<åfl~Úx =∞Ǩ`«∞‡Å∞
K≥|∞`å~°∞. â◊H˜Î Ñ‘~î° ã¨O^Œ~°≈#=Ú J`«ºO`« â◊√Éèí„Ѩ^Œ=Ú.
QÆ=∞xHõ: N ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ^Õq PÅÜ«∞=Ú K«∞@∂ì 18 â◊H˜Î Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅ
q„QÆǨÏ=ÚÅ∞ HõÅ=Ù. "å\˜x PÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅÖ’QÆÅ Jã¨Å∞q„QÆ=ÚÅ
#∞O_ç #=¸<åÅ∞ ÔQ·H˘x `«Ü«∂~°∞ KÕ~ÚOz<å=Ú. ^Œi≈Oz `«iOK«
QÀ~°∞K«∞<åfl=Ú. âßâ◊fi`« ѨÓ*Ï ã‘¯=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞.

Ñ‘iîHÍѨÙ~° ˆH∆„`«– ^Œ`«Î =∂Ǩ`«‡ º=Ú

N "åã¨∞^Õ"å#O^Œã~¨ ã° fi¨ u ™êfiq∞"å~°∞ N QÆ∞~°∞ K«i„`« Ü«∞O^Œ∞
S^Œ= J^蕺ܫ∞=ÚÖ’ N áê^Œ N=Å¡Éíè [#‡=$`åÎO`«=Ú#∞ =i‚OKå~°∞.
D Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú# PѨã¨ÎOÉèí âßvÜ«ÚÖˇ·# ã¨∞=∞f – ~å[â◊~°‡ J#∞
„ÉÏǨχ} ^ŒOѨ`«∞Å∞ LO_≥_ç"å~°∞. "åiH˜ áê^Œ<Õ„`«=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx W^ŒÌ~°∞
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 25
‰õΩ=∂~°∞Å∞O_≥#∞. JѨÊ\˜HÍÅ=ÚÖ’ JOQÆ"≥·Hõź=Ú HõÅ"åiH˜
q"åǨÏ=Ú KÕ¿ã"å~°∞ HÍ^Œ∞. HÍ=Ù# J\˜ì ã¨O`å#=Ú=Å# =Oâßaè=$kú
HÍ^Œ∞. "å~°∞ L`«Î=∞"≥∞ÿ# ã¨O`«uxHÀi áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=Ú#QÆÅ
^Œ`å΄`ÕÜ«∞ ™êfiq∞x ¿ãqOKÕ"å~°∞.
WÖÏ LO_»QÍ XHõ ~ÀA "åi WO@ Ñ≤`«$ HÍ~°º=Ú =zÛ#k.
~å[â◊~°‡ =ÚO^Œ∞QÍ Éè’HõÎÅ#∞ xÜ«∞O„`«} KÕã≤<å~°∞. ã¨∞=∞f^Õq Ñ≤`«$
HÍ~°º=Ú#‰õΩ HÍ=Åã≤# =O@ ã≤^=úŒ Ú KÕãÜ ≤ Ú« <åfl~°∞. JѨC_»∞ ~å[â◊~‡°
™êfl<åk ѨÓ~°fiHõ$`«º=ÚÅ∞ <≥~°"Õ~°∞Û@ H˘~°‰õΩ áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=Ú#‰õΩ
"≥à#¡‹ ∞. J\˜ì ã¨=∞Ü«∞=Ú# ѨsH∆Í~°"ú ∞≥ ÿ ^Œ`ÉΫ Qíè "Æ å#∞_»∞ ã¨<åºã≤~∂° Ѩ=Ú#∞
^•eÛ ã¨fiÜ«∞=ÚQÍ "åiO\˜H˜ =zÛ ã¨∞=∞f^Õqx aHõ#∆ ∞ W=∞‡x HÀÔ~#∞.
Ñ≤~îåѨÙ=Ú#‰õΩ áêOKåÅѨÙ~°=∞x ¿Ñ~°∞ ‰õÄ_® Ü«Ú#flk.
„u=¸iÎ ã¨fi~°∂ѨÙ_≥#· ^Œ`å΄`ÕÜ∞« ™êfiq∞ „Ѩu ~ÀE U^À XHõ ~°∂Ѩ=Ú#
aHõ∆‰õΩ Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú =™êÎ~°x „Ѩfu. ã¨∞=∞f, ~å[â◊~°‡Å‰õΩ ‰õÄ_®
„Ѩu x`«º=Ú Jukä JÉèϺQÆ`«∞Å#∞ P^ŒiOKÕ JÅ"å@∞#flk.
ã¨~°fi™ê^è•~°}=ÚQÍ Ñ≤`«$HÍ~°º=Ú ~ÀA# Éè’HõÎÅ∞ Éèí∞lOK«
‰õΩO_® Z=iH© Ug∞ ÃÑ@ì‰õÄ_»^Œ∞. ZO^Œ∞Hõ#QÍ =∞#=Ú Z=iÔH·<å
U^≥<· å W¿ãÎ "åi ~°∂Ѩ=Ú# Ñ≤`$« ^Õ=`«Å∞ P „^Œ=º=Ú fã¨∞H˘x "≥#∞Hõ‰Ωõ
=∞~°eáÈ`å~°∞.
Éèí~°Î WO\˜^ŒQÆæ~° ÖË#ѨÊ\˜H© Ñ≤`«$HÍ~°º=Ú áê_»=Ù`«∞Ok J<Õ
â◊OHõ ‰õÄ_® ÖˉõΩO_® iHõΠǨÏã¨Î=ÚÅ`À Jukè "≥#∞Hõ‰õΩ =∞~°eáÈ`Õ
ÃÑ^ŒÌÅO^Œ~°∂ #~°HÍxH˜ áÈ`å~°∞ J<Õ L^ÕÌâ◊º=Ú KÕ`« xâ◊≈OHõQÍ P"≥∞
Ü«∞u~°∂Ñ≤Ü∞ÿ≥ # ^Œ`Ϋ ÉèQí "Æ å#∞xH˜ aèH∆õ WzÛ#k. P"≥∞ ÉèHí HΘ ˜ ã¨O`«ãO≤ z#
™êfiq∞ x[~°∂Ѩ=Ú# ^Œ~°≈#q∞zÛ J=∂‡! h‰õΩ Uq∞ =~°=Ú HÍ"åÖ’
HÀ~°∞HÀ=∞<≥#∞.
 26
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ã¨∞=∞f^Õq ™êfiq∞H˜ #=∞㨯iOz ™êfig∞! g∞~°∞ ##∞fl J=∂‡!
Jx Ñ≤Åz<å~°∞. P Ñ≤Å∞Ѩ٠<åÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ™ê~°÷Hõ`« K≥O^Œ∞#@∞¡ g∞ˆ~
<å‰õΩ ‰õΩ=∂~°∞xQÍ [x‡OK«∞#@∞¡ =~°=Ú J#∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOK«=∞x HÀi#k.
JO^Œ∞‰õΩ ™êfiq∞ XHõ z#fl +¨~°`«∞ qkèOz<å~°∞. ''h ‰õΩ=∂~°∞_»∞ Uq∞
HÀi<å HÍ^Œ# ‰õÄ_»^Œ∞—— Jx K≥Ñ≤Ê ã¨fiÜ«∞=ÚQÍ `å<Õ "åiO@
[x‡OK«∞#@∞¡ =~°=Ú#∞ WzÛ JO`«~åú#=Ú K≥Ok<å~°∞.
~å[â◊~°‡ WO\˜H˜ =zÛ# Ñ≤=∞‡@ [iy# ã¨OQÆu JO`«Ü«¸
ã¨∞=∞f^Õq PÜ«∞#‰õΩ K≥Ñ≤Ê#k. ã¨=∞f! h=Ù KåÖÏ =∞Oz Ѩx
KÕã≤<å=Ù. =∞#=Ú KÕã≤#Ñ≤`«$Hõ~°‡ Ѷ¨ÖÏxfl Z=iH˜ ã¨=∞~°Ê} KÕ™êÎ"≥∂
P ÉèíQÆ"å#∞_Õ ã¨fiÜ«∞=ÚQÍ =zÛ aèHõ∆#∞ ã‘fiHõiOK«_»"Õ∞ =∞ǨѨÙ}º=Ú.
=∞# Ñ≤`~« ∞° Å∞ JO^Œ~∂° `«iOz<å~°∞. KåÖÏ ã¨O`À+¨=Ú Jx ~å[â◊~‡°
ã¨∞=∞f ^Õqx Jaè#OkOz<å_»∞.
Jz~° H ÍÅ=ÚÖ’<Õ ã¨ ∞ =∞f^Õ q QÆ ~ ° ƒ ù = uÜ≥ ÿ ∞ #k. #=
=∂ã¨=ÚÅ∞ xO_ç# `«~°∞"å`« ÉèÏ„^ŒÑ¨^Œ â◊√^èŒú K«`«∞s÷ â◊√Éèí k#=Ú#
™êfiq∞ "åiO@ J=`«iOK≥#∞. ѨÙ\˜#ì "≥O@<Õ ~å[â◊~‡° *Ï`«H~õ å‡^Œ∞Å∞
x~°fiiÎOz 10= ~ÀA# <å=∞Hõ~°}=Ú KÕÜ«Ú@‰õΩ ã¨OHõeÊOK≥#∞.
Ѩ O _ç ` « ∞ Å∞ ™êfiq∞ áê^Œ Ç ¨ Ï ã¨ Î ˆ ~ YÅ#∞ Ѩ i jeOz DÉÏÅ∞x
áê^Œ = ÚÅÜ« ∞ O^Œ ∞ Nˆ ~ Y Ü« Ú #flk HÍ=Ù# Náê^Œ ∞ _» ∞ Jx
<å=∞Hõ~°}=Ú KÕÜ«∞=Åã≤#k Jx K≥Ñ≤Êi. WOHõ#∂ D ÉÏÅ∞_»∞
™ê=∂#∞º_»∞HÍ_»∞. =∞ǨÜ≥∂y. ã¨~°fiq^•ºáê~°OQÆ`«∞_»∞ [QÆ^Œ∞æ~°∞=Ù
J=Ù`å_»∞. W`«x=Å¡ g∞ =Oâ◊=Ú#‰õÄ g∞‰õÄ =∞Oz H©iÎ „Ѩu+¨ªÅ∞
HõÅ∞QÆ∞`å~Ú Jx K≥Ñ≤Ê<å~°∞ PÉÏÅ∞x Pj~°fikOz<å~°∞.
~å[â◊~°‡ ѨO_ç`«∞Å#∞ qâı+¨=ÚQÍ ã¨`«¯iOz [<À‡`«û==Ú
KåÖÏ "≥·Éèí==ÚQÍ KÕÃã#∞. ÉÏź=Ú#<Õ ™êfiq∞ Z<Àfl bÖÏ âı+¨=ÚÅ∞
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 27
K«∂Ñ≤<å~°∞. Zxq∞^Œ= ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú# LѨ#Ü«∞#=Ú KÕÜ«∞QÍ ™êfiq∞
LѨ^âÕ ◊ =∂„`«=Ú#<Õ "Õ^"Œ ^Õ •OQÍk ã¨=∞ã¨Î q^ŒºÅÜ«∞O^Œ∞ Pi`Õ~Ô #∞.
L^Œ Ì O _» ∞ Öˇ · # Ѩ O _ç ` « ∞ Å∞ "Õ ¿ 㠄Ѩ â ◊ fl ʼnõ Ω ™êfiq∞ J=bÅQÍ
ã¨=∂^è•#=ÚÅ∞ WKÕÛ"å~°∞. q^•º~°∞Åú ‰õΩ "Õ^Œ áê~î=° ÚÅ∞ É’kèOKÕ"å~°∞.
™êfiq∞H˜ Ѩ^ŒÇ¨~°∞ ã¨O=`«û~°=ÚÅ∞ =Ü«∞ã¨∞û =KÕÛ@ѨÊ\˜H˜
`«e¡^ŒO„_»∞Å∞ q"åÇ¨Ï „Ѩܫ∞`«fl=Ú `«ÅÃÑ@ìQÍ ™êfiq∞ =^Œ∞Ì Jx
"åiOz<å~°∞. JѨÙ_»∞ ã¨∞=∞f^Õq <åÜ«∞<å! h *˺+¨µªÖˇ·# ™È^Œ~°∞Å∞
W^ŒÌ~°∂ JOQÆ"≥·Hõź=Ú HõÅ"å~°∞. áê^Œ, <Õ„`«=ÚÅ∞ ÖËx"å~°∞. "åi
=Å# =Oâ◊„Hõ=∞=Ú =$kúHÍ^Œ∞. Hõ#∞Hõ h"≥·<å q"åǨÏ=Ú KÕã¨∞H˘x
=∞# =Oâ◊=Ú#∞ =$kú KÕã≤ =∂‰õΩ L`«~Î ° QÆ`∞« Å∞ HõÅ∞QÆ∞#@∞¡ KÕÜ∞« =Ú
Jx HÀii.
"åi =∂@Å∞ q#fl ™êfiq∞ =∂`å Ñ≤`~« ∞° ÖÏ~å! <Õ#∞ ™ê=∂#º
=∂#= HÍO`«#∞ q"åǨÏ=∂_Õ "å_»#∞ HÍ^Œ∞. =ÚH˜Î HÍO`« J~Ú#
Ü≥∂QÆNx =∂„`«"Õ∞ Ѩi„QÆÇ≤Ï™êÎ#∞ (JO>Ë ã¨<åºã¨=Ú ã‘fiHõi™êÎ#∞
Jx) g∞~°∞ K≥ÑÊ≤ #@∞¡ <å ™È^Œ~∞° Å∞ ѨiѨÓ~°"‚ ∞≥ #ÿ P~ÀQƺ=O`«∞Å~Ú`Õ
<Õ#∞ ã¨<åºã¨=Ú ã‘fiHõiOK«_®xH˜ JÉèíºO`«~°=Ú LO_»^Œ∞ Hõ^•! "å~°∞
<å HõO>Ë ÃÑ^Œ"Ì å~°∞. "åi=Å¡ =Oâßaè=$kú Hõey`Õ g∞‰õΩ JÉèºí O`«~=° Ú
LO_»^∞Œ Hõ^•! Jx ™êfiq∞ K≥ÑÊ≤ ѨÓ~°fi=Ú =Öˇ<Õ ã¨∞=∞f ^ÕqH˜ x[~°∂Ѩ
^Œ~°≈#=Ú WzÛ Wk=~°Ö’ `å#∞ ÃÑ\˜ì +¨~°`«∞ QÆ∞~°∞Î KÕÃã#∞.
ã¨∞=∞f^Õq ™êfiq∞x Hõ#∞ÖÏ~å ^Œi≈Oz, J<ÕHõ q^èŒ=ÚÅ
ã¨∞ÎuOz, `«# ÃÑ^ŒÌ‰õΩ=∂~°∞Å∞ P~ÀQƺ=O`«∞Öˇ·`Õ Náê^Œ∞Å"å~°∞
ã¨#ºã≤OK«∞@‰õΩ JÉèíºO`«~°=Ú ÖË^Œx J#∞=∞u WzÛ#k. ™êfiq∞ `«#
™È^Œ~°∞Å#∞ k=º"≥∞ÿ# Hõ~°ã¨Ê~°≈`À#∂ J=∞$`«=∞Ü«∞"≥∞ÿ# Hõ$áê^Œ$+≤ì
KÕ`«#∂ ѨiѨÓ~°‚"≥∞ÿ# P~ÀQƺ=O`«∞Å#∞ KÕã≤i.
 28
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
ã¨∞=∞f^Õqx ^Œ∞ódOK«=^ŒÌx "åiOz g∞ =Oâ◊=Ú PK«O„^Œ
`å~å¯~° ‡ =Ú =iú Å ∞¡ # x, g∞ =Oâ◊ = ∞O^Œ ∞ "Õ ^ •k q^Œ º Å∞
ÃÑOá⁄O^Œ∞`å~Ú Jx `«~°QÆx ã¨OѨ^ŒÅ∞ g∞ WO@ LO\Ï~Ú Jx
J<ÕHõ =~°=ÚÅ∞ WzÛ ™êfiq∞ `«##∞ 㨇iOz#"åi¯, „"≥ÚH˜¯#"åi¯,
JiÛOz# "åi¯ ã¨=∞ã¨Î ã¨OѨ^ŒÅ∞, ã¨~åficè+¨ì=ÚÅ∞ „Ѩ™êk™êÎ#x
Dˆ H ∆ „ `« = ÚÅÜ« ∞ O^Œ ∞ 㨠∞ =∞f^Õ q H˜ ^Œ i ≈#q∞zÛ# ~° ∂ Ѩ = Ú#
ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉèí∞=QÍ "≥Åã≤ LO\Ï#x ÉèíHõÎHÀ\˜x J#∞„QÆÇ≤Ï™êÎ#x – J<ÕHõ
q^èŒ=ÚÖˇ·# =~°=ÚÅ#∞ J#∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOz ™êfiq∞ ã¨#ºã≤Oz, L`«Î~° kâ◊QÍ
|Ü«∞Å∞^Õi J<ÕHõ ѨÙ}ºˆH∆„`«=ÚÅ∞ ã¨OK«iOz PÜ«∂ KÀ@¡ ^Œ`«Î ÉèíH˜Î
=∂~°æ=Ú#∞ „ѨKå~°=Ú KÕã≤<å~°∞.
‰õΩ~°∞ѨÙ~°=Ú (‰õΩ~°∞QÆ_»¤) J#∞ KÀ@ Hõ$ëê‚#n =∞^茺=∞O^Œ∞
™êfiq∞ |ǨïHÍÅ=Ú =tOz KåHõe"åxx ~åA JQÆ∞#@∞¡ JO|Ü«∞<Õ
P"≥∞ =¸~°ö ‰õΩ=∂~°∞x q^•º=O`«∞xKÕã,≤ =∞~°∞ã¨\˜ [#‡Ü«∞O^Œ∞ P"≥∞‰õΩ
`å#∞ ‰õΩ=∂~°∞xQÍ [x‡OK«∞#@∞¡ =~°=Ú xzÛ `«~°∞"å`« ™êfiq∞
J=`å~° ã¨=∂Ñ≤QÎ ÍqOzi. J=`å~°=Ú KåeOz#ѨÊ\˜H˜ =Å¡ÉâËè √◊ _»<Õ
„ÉÏǨχ}∞x ^˘OQÆÅ∞ K«OѨQÍ ™êfiq∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞=ÚQÍ =zÛ uiy J`«xx
„|uH˜Ozi. JO`ÕHÍHõ <Õ\ ˜H© ‰õÄ_® áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=Ú#∞ ¿ãqOK«∞
Éè‰í Ωõ ÅÎ ‰õΩ HÀi# HÀiHõÅ∞ f~°∞Û@ÜÕ∞ HÍHõ „Ѩu~ÀA U^À XHõ ~°∂Ѩ=Ú#
=zÛ WHõ¯_» aHõ∆ ã‘fiHõiOK«∞@ ÉèíHõÎ[#∞ʼnõΩ `«~°K«∞ J#∞Éèí==Ú
JQÆ∞K«∞O_»∞@ qâı+¨=Ú. =∞Ǩ`«∞‡Öˇ·# Ü≥∂QÆ∞ʼnõΩ `«áÈ^èŒ#∞ʼnõΩ
x[~°∂Ѩ=Ú`À#∂, qâßfiã¨=Ú#fl ™ê=∂#º Éèí‰õΩÎʼnõΩ ‰õÄ_® U^À
~°∂Ѩ=ÚÖ’ =zÛ `«Ñ¨ÊHõ "åi`À =∂\Ï¡_»∞@ =∞iO`« qâı+¨=Ú.
Náê^Œ N=Å¡É∞íè Å∞ Hõ~∞° }Ï ã¨=Ú„^Œ∞Å∞, "åi ^ŒÜ∞« Jáê~°=Ú.
"åi bÅÅ∞ Ѩ~°=∂â◊Û~°ºHõ~°=Ú. ™êfiq∞"åi ã¨xflkèÖ’ =∂ÖÏ^è•~°}
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 29
=∞O_»Å nHõ∆ KÕã#≤ "åi¯ HÀi# HÀÔ~¯Å∞ `«Ñʨ Hõ <≥~"° ~Õ ∞° #∞. (=∞O_»ÅnHõ∆
HÍsÎHõ â◊√^Œú qkÜ«∞ #∞O_ç =∂~°æt~° â◊√^Œú áœ~°‚q∞ =~°‰õÄ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞)
™êfiq∞ ã¨xflkèÖ’ NQÆ∞~°∞K«i„`« ã¨áêÎǨÏáê~åÜ«∞} KÕÜ«Ú"åi¯
L^ÀºQÍ~°∞Åú ‰õΩ L^ÀºQÆ=Ú, q^•º~°∞Åú ‰õΩ q^•ºÖÏÉè=í Ú, q"åǨ~°∞Åú ‰õΩ
q"åǨÏ=Ú, ~ÀQÆ„QÆã¨∞ÎʼnõΩ ã¨OѨÓ~°‚ P~ÀQƺ=Ú, "åºáê~°"Õ`«ÎʼnõΩ
^èŒ#ÖÏÉèí=Ú, #+¨ì„^Œ=º„áêÑ≤Î ‰õÄ_® HõÅ∞QÆ∞#∞. ™êfiq∞ "åi¯ =∞O_»Å
k#=ÚÅ∞ „Ѩ^ŒH˜∆}Å∞ 108 K˘Ñ¨C# KÕã≤#"åi¯ ‰õÄ_® ÃÑ· q^èŒ=ÚQÍ
HÀi# HÀiHõÅ∞ ã≤kúOK«∞#∞.
D ™êfiq∞"åi PÅÜ«∞=Ú֒ѨÓ[Å∞ [iÑ≤OK«∞H˘#∞@‰õΩ
âßâ◊fi`« ѨÓ*Ï ã‘¯=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞. q=~åʼnõΩ ^Õ=™êú#=Ú "åifl
ã¨O„ѨkOK«=K«∞Û#∞.

UÖÏ#n =∂Ǩ`«‡ º=Ú

Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞xKÕ HÍj#QÆ~° |Ç≤Ï+¨¯ $`«∞_≥·# "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬
cè=∞=∞O_»Å=Ú#∞ ã¨O^Œi≈OK«∞@‰õΩ t+¨ºHÀ\˜ ã¨"Õ∞`«OQÍ |Ü«∞Å∞^Õi
=K«∞ÛK«∞ ^ŒH˜∆}HÍjQÍ q#∞uÔHH˜¯# D ѨÙ}ºˆH∆„`«=Ú#∞ ^Œi≈Oz
UÖÏ#kÖ’ ™êfl#=ÚKÕã≤ ˆH^•~° ‰õΩOÉèíHÀ}Ïk ѨÙ}ºf~°ú=ÚÅ`À
ã¨=∂#"≥∞ÿ#kQÍ QÆ∞iÎOz
''UÖÏ#n qÜ«∞^ŒæOQÍ ã¨fi~°æN Ñ‘~îåHÍѨÙ~°"£∞I
JǨϟ UÖÏ#n `«™êº J<åº#^Œºó ‰õΩ`«óã¨=∂óII
Jx „Ѩâ◊Oã≤OK≥#∞. ѨÓ~°fi=Ú QÀǨÏ`åº<Õ~°=Ú "≥∂Ѩ|_ç# Q“`«=∞
=∞ǨÏi¬ =∞iÜ«Ú UÖÏ =∞ǨÏi¬ QÀǨÏ`åº áê`«Hõ=Ú áÈ=Ù@‰õΩ `«Ñ¨ã¨∞û
KÕãi≤ . "åiÖ’ Q“`«=Ú_»∞ t=Ùx "≥∞Ñ≤ÊOz QÆOQÆ#∞ Éè∂í q∞H˜ fã¨∞‰õΩ~åQÍ
J^Õ ''QÀ^•=i#k——QÍ „Ѩã≤kú K≥O^≥#∞.
 30
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UÖÏ=∞ǨÏi¬ JѨû~°ã¨Å "≥∂ǨxH˜ Ö’|_ç `«áÈÉèíQÆfl"≥∞ÿ
Q“`«=∞=Úx #kÖ’ áêÜ«∞ hÜ«∞=Åã≤#kQÍ „áêiúOK≥#∞. ™êQÆ~=° ÚÖ’
ã¨OQÆq∞Oz# #k h‰õΩ ZÖÏ ^•i W=fiQÆÅ^ŒÜ«∂! Jx Q“`«=∞=Úx
"Õ∞Å=∂_≥#∞. UÖÏ =∞ǨÏi¬ =∞iO`« Ѩ@∞ì^ÅŒ `À Ѩ~"° ∞Õ â◊fi~°∞x "≥∞Ñ≤ÊOz
t=Ùx [\ÏE@=ÚÖ’x QÆOQÆÜ«∞O^Œ∞ ™êfl#=∂_ç `«# áêáêxfl
`˘ÅyOK«∞H˘<≥#∞. `«# ¿Ñi@ #k „Ѩ=Ç≤ÏOKÕÖÏQÆ =~°q∞Ü«∞º=Åã≤
#^Œx t=Ùx HÀ~°QÍ, t=Ù_»∞ h=Ù áÈ~Ú# ^•i<Õ D H˜g∞‡~°ã‘=∞Ö’
D QÆOQÆ h "≥O@ „Ѩ=Ç≤ÏOK«∞#∞. h"≥Hõ¯_» Py# D QÆOQÆ JHõ¯_Õ
PyáÈ=Ù#∞ Jx t=Ù_»∞ =~°=Ú J#∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOK≥#∞. UÖÏ=∞ǨÏi¬ #kx
ã¨=Ú„^Œ=ÚÖ’ ã¨OQÆq∞OѨ*Ü Ë Ú« @‰õΩ fã¨∞H˘x áÈ=ÙK«∂, D áê^ŒQÜ Æ ∂«
Hˆ „∆ `«=Ú =^Œ‰Ì Ωõ =K«∞Ûã¨iH˜ HÀ_ç‰Äõ `« q#Ѩ_#≥ ∞. `≥Å"¡ å~°∞K«∞#flk J#∞
L^ÕâÌ º◊ =ÚKÕ`« UÖÏ =∞ǨÏi¬ D Hˆ „∆ `«=ÚÖ’<Õ PyáÈÜ≥∞#∞. JO^Œ∞=Å#
#n ‰õÄ_® WHõ¯_» =~°‰õΩ =zÛ PyáÈ~Ú#k.
™êQÆ~=° ÚÖ’ ã¨OQÆq∞OѨx #k Éè~í ∞° Î $qÇ‘Ï#Ü≥∞ÿ # „ã‘Î =O\˜k.
JO^Œ∞=Å# D #k Ñ≤O_» „Ѩ^•<å^Œ∞ʼnõΩ ѨxH˜~å^Œx |∞∞+≤ qKåiOK«
™êÔQ#∞. JѨC_»∞ Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞_»∞ ™êH∆Í`å¯iOz <≥·q∞âß~°}º=ÚÖ’
H˜q∞‡~åã¨∞_»∞ HÀi# =~åxfl <≥~°"Õ~°∞Û@‰õΩ HÀ_ç ~°∂áêxfl á⁄Ok<å#x
Ѩ~°"Õ∞â◊fi~°∞_»∞ K≥ÃÑÊ#∞.
h=Ù `≥zÛ# #n[Å=Ú QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞#fl ѨÙ}º
f~°=ú ÚÖ’ HõÅ∞ã¨∞H˘#∞@=Å# ^À+¨=ÚÖËxkQÍ Ñ¨q„`«"∞≥ #ÿ kQÍ „Ѩãk≤ ú
K≥O^ŒQÆÅ^Œ∞ D #k h¿Ñ~°∞# UÖÏ #kQÍ „ѨMϺuQÍOK«∞#∞ Jx
t=Ù_»∞ =~°=ÚxK≥Û#∞. <å\˜ #∞O_ç <Õ\˜=~°‰õΩ UÖÏ #k Éèí‰õΩÎÅ#∞
ѨÙh`«∞Å#∞ KÕÜ«ÚK«∞#flk.
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 31

áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`« ã¨O^Œ~°≈# qkè

ã¨~°fiáêѨǨÏ~° ѨÙ}ºˆH∆„`«"≥∞ÿ# Ñ‘~î°Ñ¨Ù~°áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=Ú Ju
„áêp#"≥∞ÿ# ѨÙ}º ˆH∆„`«=Ú. ^Õ"åÅÜ«∞=Ú#‰õΩ L`«Î~° ^•fi~° =∞Ǩ~å[
QÀѨÙ~°=Ú ^•fi~å PÅÜ«∞=ÚÖ’xH˜ „Ѩ"tÕ OK«∞@ PKå~°=Ú. =∞Ǩ~å[
QÀѨÙ~°=Ú |Ǩï tÅÊ ã¨=Ú^•Ü«∞=Ú`À ‰õÄ_ç Ju ã¨∞O^Œ~°"≥∞ÿ
K«∂_»QÍ<Õ =∞#efl PHõi¬ã∞¨ OÎ k. ~å[QÀѨÙ~°=Ú #∞Oz Ö’xH˜ „Ѩ"tÕ OK«
QÍ<Õ ^蕺#=Ú„^ŒÖ’ #∞#fl Ѩ~"° ∞Õ â◊fi~°∞_»∞ Éè‰í Ωõ ÅÎ ‰õΩ „Ѩ^=Œè ∞ ^Œ~≈° #q∞™êÎ_∞» .
™êfiq∞x ^Œi≈OK«QÍ<Õ "≥#∞Hõ „ѨH¯õ <Õ L#flk Ѩ~=° ∞Ѩq„`«"∞≥ #ÿ áê^ŒQÜ Æ ∞«
ѨÙ+¨¯i}˜. QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞#fl ѨÙ}ºf~°ú=Ú. D ѨÙ+¨¯i}˜Ö’
™êfl#=Ú KÕÜ«Ú@ =Å# ã¨~°fiáêѨ=ÚÅ∞ áÈ`å~Ú. D Ѩq„`« f~°÷=Ú
<≥uÎ# K«Å∞¡H˘#∞@=Å# ѨÙh`«∞Ö∫`å~°∞.
„áêOQÆ}=ÚÖ’xH˜ „Ѩ"ÕtOK«QÍ<Õ ^èŒfi[ã¨÷OÉèí=Ú, „ѨHõ¯<Õ
„áêp#"≥∞ÿ# QÆÜ«∂ã¨∞~°∞x áê^Œ=Ú„kHõÅ∞ L<åfl~Ú. "å\˜x ^Œi≈Oz
#=∞㨯iOz QÆÜ«∂áê^Œ f~°ú=Ú#∞ t~°ã¨∞û# [Å∞¡HÀ=Öˇ#∞.
P „ѨH¯õ <Õ PˆQflÜ«∞ =¸Å "≥Ú^Œ@<Õ L#flk Ñ≤`$« =ÚH˜HÎ ~õ "° ∞≥ #ÿ
QÆÜ«∞áê^Œ – q+¨µ‚áê^Œ PÅÜ«∞=Ú, ÃÑ^ŒÌáê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ QÆÜ«∞áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞,
z#fláê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ q+¨µá‚ ê^Œ=ÚÅ∞. D áê^Œ=ÚÅÃÑ<· Õ Éè‰í Ωõ ÅÎ ∞ K«xáÈ~Ú#
`«=∞ Ñ≤`~« ∞° Å =ÚH˜Î H˘~°‰Ωõ Ñ≤O_»„Ѩ^•# `«~Ê° }=ÚÅ∞ KÕ™êÎ~∞° . QÆÜ∞« Ö’
ˆH=Å=Ú q+¨µ‚ áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ =∂„`«"Õ∞ L#flk. WHõ¯_» QÆÜ«∞áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞,
q+¨µ‚áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ LO_»∞@ KåÖÏ qâı+¨=Ú. WHõ¯_» Ñ≤`«$ HÍ~°º=ÚÅ∞
KÕÜ«Ú@ KåÖÏ qâı+¨=Ú.
`«~°∞"å`« ã≤kú QÆ}Ѩu PÅÜ«∞=Ú "≥Ú^Œ\ ˜ ѨÓ[ÅO^Œ∞H˘#∞
D™êfiq∞ =¸+≤H"õ åǨÏ#∞_≥· tMÏÜ«∞*’˝Ñg¨ `«^•è iQÍ "≥Åã≤# k=º=¸iÎ
 32
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ã≤kú „Ѩ^•`«. ™êfiq∞"åi¯ QÆ}Ѩu #=~å„`«=ÚÅ∞ "≥É· =íè =ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
q<åÜ«∞‰õΩx ¿ãqOz# `«~°∞"å`« „u=¸iÎ ã¨fi~°∂ѨÙ_»∞ J„u
=~°^Œ∞_≥·# N^Œ`å΄`ÕÜ«∞™êfiq∞ DˆH∆„`«=Ú# ã¨∞=∞f~å[â◊~°‡Å#∞ J#∞
„QÆÇÏ≤ Oz J=`«iOz# k=º=¸iÎ Náê^Œ N =Å¡Éíè ^Œ`å΄`ÕÜ∞« ™êfiq∞.
™êfiq∞x ^Œi≈OK«∞@‰õΩ ^Œ`ÉΫ ‰íè Ωõ ÅÎ ∞ ÉèÏ~°`^« âÕ =◊ ÚÖ’x J<ÕHõ „áêO`«=ÚÅ
#∞Op =∞iÜ«Ú qâı+¨=ÚQÍ =∞Ǩ~åR, Hõ~åfl@Hõ #∞Oz =zÛ ™êfiq∞
"åifl `«Ñ¨ÊHõ ¿ãq™êÎ~°∞.
q„QÆǨÏ=¸iÎ ã¨fi~°∂Ѩ=ÚÖ’ #∞#fl UÔH·Hõ ^Œ`«Î ˆH∆„`«=Ú D
áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=ÚÖ’ =∂„`«"Õ∞ L#flk. q∞ye# ^Œ`«Î ˆH∆„`«=ÚÅÖ’
^Œ`áΫ ê^Œ∞HõÅ∞ =∂„`«"∞Õ ^Œ~≈° #=∞QÆ∞#∞. ™êfiq∞ PÅÜ«∞=Ú „ѨH¯õ <Õ =¸_»∞
H˘=∞‡Å∞ QÆÅ B^Œ∞O|~° =$Hõ∆=Ú ("Õ∞_çK≥@∞ì) KåÖÏ =∞Ç≤Ï=∞QÆÅk. U
K≥@∞ì J~Ú<å ѨÙ=ÙfiÖËx^Õ HÍÜ«∞ HÍÜ«∞^Œ∞. HÍx D B^Œ∞O|~°=Ú
=∂„`«=Ú Ñ¨Ù=Ùfi ѨÓÜ«∞‰õΩO_®<Õ HÍÜ«∞Å∞ HÍã¨∞OÎ k. D K≥@∞ì "≥Ú^Œ@<Õ
L#fl áê^Œ∞HõÅ∞ Náê^Œ=Å¡Éèí∞x x[áê^Œ∞HõÅ∞ "å\˜H˜ `åHõ_»"Õ∞ =∞Ǩ
ÉèÏQƺ=Ú. `åH˜# "åi [#‡^èŒ#º=Ú.
™êfiq∞"åi¯ =∂~°æt~°=∂ã¨=ÚÖ’ ^Œ`«Î[Ü«∞Ou ã¨áêÎǨÏ
=∞Ǩϟ`«û==ÚÅ∞. ÉèÏ„^ŒÑ^¨ ⌠√◊ ^Œú K«`∞« i÷ #∞O_ç Náê^Œ N=Å¡Éíè [Ü«∞Ou
ã¨áêÎǨÏ=∞Ǩϟ`«û==ÚÅ∞ KåÖÏ "≥·Éèí==ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`å~Ú. K«∂z
f~°=Åã≤#^Õ.
^Œ`«∞Îx ^Œi≈Oz „ѨHõ¯<Õ QÆÅ ã¨Ñ¨i"å~° ã¨Ç≤Ï`«∞_≥·# N
~å=∞K«O„^Œ∞x ^Œi≈OK«=Öˇ#∞. D ™êfiq∞"åi¯ N~å=∞ #=q∞ ~ÀA#
HõàϺ}=Ú JOQÆ~°OQÆ "≥·Éèí==ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
N [QÆ^∞Œ ~æ ∞° â◊OHõ~åKå~°º ™êfiq∞ ã‘`å~å=ÚÅ „ѨH¯õ <Õ "ÕOKÕã≤
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 33
Ü«Ú<åfl~°∞. "åi ^Œ~≈° #=Ú *Ï˝# „Ѩ^=Œ Ú. "≥â· ßY â◊√^Œú ѨOK«q∞ ~ÀA#
â◊OHõ~° [Ü«∞Ou "≥·kHõ =∂~°æ=Ú# [~°∞ѨÙ^Œ∞~°∞.
„ѨHõ¯<Õ Ç¨ÏiǨÏ~°ã¨∞`«∞_≥·# JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê™êfiq∞"åi PÅÜ«∞=Ú#∞
^Œi≈OK« =Öˇ#∞. JÜ«∞ºÑ¨Ê ™êfiq∞ =^ŒÌ qâı+¨=ÚQÍ =∂ÖÏ^è•~°}Å∞
KÕ™êÎ~°∞. „ѨHõ¯<Õ Nqâıfiâ◊fi~°™êfiq∞ J#flѨÓ~å‚^Õq PÅÜ«∞=Ú#flk. D
PÅÜ«∞=ÚÖ’ "≥â· ßY â◊√^Œú UHÍ^Œt #∞O_ç 5 ~ÀAÅ∞ HõàϺ}À`«û==ÚÅ∞
[~°∞ѨÙ`å~°∞.
WHõ¯_» #=„QÆÇ¨Ï PÅÜ«∞=Ú#flk. „Ѩu â◊x"å~°=Ú =O^ŒÅ
ã¨OYºÖ’#∂, â◊x„`«Ü≥∂^Œt Ѩ~°fik#=Ú#O^Œ∞ "ÕÖÏk=∞Ok Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞
#=„QÆÇ¨Ï Ñ¨Ó[Å∞, `≥·ÖÏaè¿+Hõ=ÚÅ∞ [~°∞ѨÙH˘O\Ï~°∞. „Ѩux`«º=Ú
#=„QÆǨÏ[Ѩ=ÚÅ∞ Ǩϟ=∞=ÚÅ∞ Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ [~°∞ѨىõΩO\Ï~°∞.
PÅÜ«∞ "åÜ«∞=º ÉèÏQÆ=ÚÖ’ N ã¨∞„|Ǩχ}˺â◊fi~° PÅÜ«∞=Ú
HõÅ^Œ∞. Wk Ju „áêp#"≥∞ÿ#k. ‰õΩ[ ^À+¨=Ú#fl"å~°∞, ã¨O`å#=Ú
HÀ~°∞"å~°∞, q"åǨÏ=Ú HÍ=Åã≤#"å~°∞ N™êfiq∞"åi¯ áêÅ`À „Ѩ`ÕºHõ
Jaè¿+Hõ=ÚÅ∞ Z„~°x ѨÓÅ`À qâı+¨ ѨÓ[Å∞ KÕã¨∞‰õΩO\Ï~°∞. KåÖÏ
x^Œ~°≈#=Ú L#flk. HÀi# HÀÔ~¯Å∞ ã≤kú™êÎ~Ú.
L`«Î~° ÉèÏQÆ=ÚÖ’ t= ^蕺#x~°`«∞_≥·# |Ǩïã¨∞O^Œ~°=¸iÎ
J~Ú# K«O_ôâ◊fi~°=¸iÎx ^Œi≈OK«QÍ<Õ =∞#‰õΩ ÉèíH˜Î ÉèÏ==Ú
ã¨OѨÓ~°‚=ÚQÍ HõÅ∞QÆ∞`«∞Ok. Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ ™êfiq∞x ^Œi≈Oz =¸_»∞ ™ê~°∞¡
K«Ñ¨Ê@∞¡ H˘_»`å~°∞. ZO^Œ∞Hõ#QÍ t=Ù_»∞ ZѨC_»∂ FOHÍ~°=Ú [Ñ≤ã¨∂Î
„Ѩ}= ^蕺#=ÚÖ’ LO\Ï_»∞. K«O_ôâ◊fi~°∞_»∞ ZšѨC_»∂ ѨOKåHõ∆s
[Ѩ=Ú KÕã¨∂Î t=^蕺#=ÚÖ’ LO\Ï_»∞. K«O_ôâ◊fi~°∞x ^ŒQÆæ~° K«Ñ¨Ê@∞¡
H˘_ç`Õ PÜ«∞# =∞#Å#∞ K«∂z =∞#=Ú =zÛ#@∞¡ â◊OHõ~∞° xH˜ K≥ÑÙ¨ `å_»∞.
JѨC_»∞ â◊OHõ~°∞_»∞ =∞#Å#∞ J#∞„QÆÇ≤Ï™êÎ_»∞.
 34
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
`«~°∞"å`« ^Œ∞~åæ^Õqx ^Œi≈OKåe. ''Ñ‘~îåOaHÍÜ«∂ ã¨ûv^Œ∞~åæ
~°H∆Í Ñ¨~°`«Ü«∂xâ◊"£∞—— Jx "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ D"≥∞#∞ =i‚Oz<å~°∞. D
J=∞‡"åi¯ „Ѩuâ◊√„Hõ"å~°=Ú Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ѨÓ[Å∞ qâı+¨=ÚQÍ KÕ™êÎ~°∞. ^Õg
Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ Éèí"åh =∂ÅÅ∞ WHõ¯_» ^è•~°} KÕ™êÎ~°∞.
D PÅÜ«∞=Ú „ѨHõ¯<Õ 18 â◊H˜Î Ñ‘~î°=ÚÅ`À ‰õÄ_ç# N
ѨÓ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ â◊H˜Î PÅÜ«∞ ã¨O^Œ~°≈#=Ú Éèí‰õΩÎʼnõΩ Jx~°fiK«hÜ«∞"≥∞ÿ#
P#O^•#∞Éè∂í ux HõÅ∞QÆKãÕ ∞¨ OÎ k. D J=∞‡"åi PÅÜ«∞=ÚÖ’ Éè‰í Ωõ ÅÎ ∞
„Ѩu x`«º=Ú ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∂~°Û#Å∞ qâı+¨=ÚQÍ [~°∞ѨÙ`å~°∞. J=∞‡"åi¯
„Ѩu ã¨O=`«û~°=Ú LQÍk #∞O_ç 10 ~ÀAÅ =∞Ǩ"≥·Éèí==ÚQÍ
â◊`«K«O_ôÜ«∂QÆ Ñ¨Ó~°fiHõ=ÚQÍ =ã¨O`« #=~å„`«=ÚÅ∞ ^Õg<å=∞
ã¨OH©~°Î#Å∞, Éèí[#Å∞ "Õ^Œã¨fiã¨∞ÎÅ∞ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
^Œã~¨ å #=~å„`«∞Å∞ ‰õÄ_® J`«ºO`« "≥É· =íè =ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`å~Ú.
„Ѩf =∂#=Ù_»∞ Hõhã¨=Ú [#‡‰õΩ XHõ™êi J~Ú<å ^Œi≈Oz
`«iOK«=Åã≤# â◊H˜ÎÑ‘~î°=Ú Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú N ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ^Õq.
Ñ≤=∞‡@ ˆH∆„`«áêʼnõΩ_≥·# HÍÅÉèˇ·~°=Ù_»∞D PÅÜ«∞ Dâß#º
ÉèÏQÆ=Ú L<åfl_»∞. "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ '' „g_®â◊¥#º Hõ\ ˜ˆ~Ì= ã≤Î+¨ªu ˆH∆„`«
áêÅHõó—— Jx kQÆO|~°∞_≥#· HÍÅÉè~·ˇ =° Ùx ^Œi≈OK«_=» Ú KåÖÏ =ÚYº=Ú.
`«~∞° "å`« „Ѩ^•è <åÅÜ«∞ #Ok =∞O_»=ÚÖ’ #∞#fl #Onâ◊fi~°∞_»∞
=∞#Åx PHõi¬OKÕ |Ǩïã¨∞O^Œ~°=¸iÎ. ÖËáêH˜∆ #Ok `«~åfi`« JO`«
ã¨∞O^Œ~°"≥∞ÿ# q„QÆǨÏO Jx ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ K≥ѨÙ`å~°∞. =ÚYº=ÚQÍ ™êÅ„QÍ=∞
tÖÏ xi‡`«"≥∞ÿ# D UHõtÖÏ #Okx =Ú@∞ìH˘x UHÍ„QÆ`«`À ^蕺x¿ãÎ
r=<å_ôãʨ O^Œ# `≥Å∞ã¨∞OÎ k. #Onâ◊fi~°∞x „áêiúOz „Ѩ^•è # PÅÜ«∞=Ú
Ö’xH˜ „Ѩ"ÕtOKåe.
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 35
JO`«~åÅÜ«∞=ÚÖ’ „Ѩ"ÕtOK«QÍ<Õ QÆÜ«∞ã¨∞~° ã¨OǨ~å~°ú=Ú
HÀ_ç~∂° Ѩ=Ú ^èiŒ Oz# t=Ù_»∞ eOQÆãfi¨ ~°∂ѨÙ_≥· N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯@ eOQÆ=¸iÎQÍ
Pq~°ƒùqOz# ã¨fiÜ«∞OÉèí∞==¸iÎ. ™êfiq∞x UHÍ„QÆ`«`À ^蕺xOK«QÍ<Õ
Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ k=º"≥∞ÿ# P^蕺u‡HÍ#∞Éèí∂uH˜ Ö’#=Ù`å~°∞. ™êfiq∞"åifl
"åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ D q^èŒOQÍ =i‚OKå~°∞. 'J^è•Éèí[`«=∞øhâ’ ^Õ"Õâ◊O
ÉèíHõÎ=`«ûÅ"£∞I qâßfi`«‡HõO =∞ǨÉèÏQÆO âßâ◊fi`«O ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~°"£∞II——
ÉèíHõÎ=`«ûÅ∞_»∞ ^Õ=`«Å‰õΩ „ѨÉèí∞=Ù `«#Ö’<Õ ã¨HõÅ K«~åK«~°[QÆ`«∞Î
W=Ú_»∞Û‰õΩ#fl =∞Ǩ#∞ÉèÏ=Ù_»∞ x`«∞º_»∞ âßâ◊fi`«∞_»∞ J~Ú# ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâfi◊ ~°
™êfiq∞H˜ #=∞㨯iOK«∞K«∞<åfl#∞ Jx ™ê¯O^ŒÑ¨Ó~å}=ÚÖ’ „"åã≤<å~°∞.
N ™êfiq∞"åiH˜ „ѨHõ¯<Õ L#fl J=∞‡"åifl ǨïOHÍi}© ^Õq JO\Ï~°∞.
''ǨïOHÍi}©O =∞Ǩâ◊HΘ =∞¿ã=`« t=„Ñ≤Ü∂« "£∞—— ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâfi◊ ~°∞x „Ñ≤Ü∞«
ÉèÏ~°º J~Ú# J=∞‡"å~°∞ ^èŒ∂„=∞Ö’K«#∞_»∞ J<Õ ~åHõ∆ã¨∞x ǨïOHÍ~°
=∂„`«=Ú KÕ`<« Õ =kèOz#k. HÍ=Ù# ǨïOHÍi}©^qÕ Jx D Hˆ „∆ `«=ÚÖ’
"≥Åã≤Ü«Ú#flk.
t"åt=ÙÅ#∞ ^Œi≈Oz# "å~°∞ N™êfiq∞"åi¯ "å=∞ÉèÏQÆ=ÚÖ’
L#fl LáêÅÜ«∞=ÚÖ’ QÆÅ N~å[~å*Ëâ◊fis^Õqx ^Œi≈OK«=Öˇ#∞. D
J=∞‡"åi¯ ‰õÄ_® Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ „Ѩu x`«º=Ú ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∂~°Û#Å∞ ÃÇÏK«∞ÛQÍ
[~°∞ѨÙ`å~°∞. „Ѩu â◊√„Hõ"å~°=Ú áœ~°‚q∞~ÀA qâı+¨=ÚQÍ Ñ¨Ó[Å∞,
=∂ã¨t=~å„u ~ÀA# ÅHõ∆ ‰õΩO‰õΩ=∂~°Û#Å∞ [~°∞ѨÙ`å~°∞.
â◊~#° fl=~å„`«=ÚÅÖ’ N ~å[~å*Ëâfi◊ s J=∞‡"åi¯ qâı+=¨ ÚQÍ
ѨÓ[Å∞ 9 ~ÀAÅ∞ qq^èŒ~°Hõ=ÚÖˇ·# JÅOHÍ~°=ÚÅ∞ KÕ™êÎ~°∞. D
`˘q∞‡k ~ÀAÅ∞ „Ѩu~å„u J#fl ã¨=∂~å^èÅŒ ∞ HÀÖÏǨÏÅ=ÚQÍ J`«ºO`«
"≥·Éèí==ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞`å~Ú.
 36
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT

D ˆH∆„`«=Ú#O^Œ∞ [iˆQ
L`«û= q=~°=ÚÅ∞
LQÍk `≥Å∞QÆ∞ ã¨O=`«û~åk ã¨O^Œ~°ƒù=ÚÖ’ N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~°
™êfiq∞ "åi ã¨xflkèÖ’ LQÍk ѨÓ[ – ѨOKåOQÆ q`«~°}. LQÍk
ѨK«Û_ç ѨOz ÃÑ@∞ì@ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
N ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ â◊H˜ÎÑ‘~î°=ÚÖ’LQÍk ~ÀA# HõÅâ◊™ê÷Ѩ#
ѨOKåOQÆ„â◊=}=Ú Ñ¨O_ç`« ã¨`å¯~°=Ú =∞iÜ«Ú N ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ
J=∞‡"åi¯ K«O_ôÜ«∂QÆ ã¨Ç≤Ï`« =ã¨O`« #=~å„`« =∞Ǩϟ`«û==ÚÅ∞
10 ~ÀAÅ∞ KåÖÏ "≥·Éèí==ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
"≥â· ßY â◊√^ŒÑú O¨ K«q∞ â◊OHõ~[° Ü«∞Ou ã¨O^Œ~ƒ° =ù ÚQÍ N â◊OHõ~å
Kå~°º™êfiq∞"åi¯ L^ŒÜ∞« =Ú Jaè¿+Hõ=Ú. ™êÜ«∞O„`«=Ú "Õ^Œ áê~åÜ«∞}
=ã¨O`«Ñ¨Ó[, LѨ<åºã¨=ÚÅ∞ [~°∞Ѩ|_»∞#∞.
"≥·âßY â◊√^Œú UHÍ^Œt<å_»∞ N HÍjqâıfiâ◊fi~° ™êfiq∞ N
J#flѨÓ~°‚^ÕqÅ HõàϺ}À`«û==ÚÅ∞ S^Œ∞~ÀAÅ∞ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
"≥â· ßY áœ~°q‚ ∞ ~ÀA# ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅ=Ú q^Œ∞ºnÌáêÅOHõ~} ° `À
qq^èŒ ~°Hõ=ÚÖˇ·# "Õ∞à◊`åà◊=ÚÅ`À ÉÏ}Ïã¨OKå`À ÉèíHõÎ [#ã¨O^À
ǨÏ=Ú`À `≥áÈÊ`«û==Ú =∞Ǩ (`˘e UHÍ^Œt) "≥·Éèí==ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
Pëê_è» â◊√^Œú UHÍ^Œt ~ÀA# L^ŒÜ«∞=Ú #Onâ◊fi~°∞xH˜
Jaè¿+Hõ=Ú. #Ok "≥∞_»H˜ â‹#QÆÅ∞ Hõ@∞ì@. J~°\˜ Ѩà◊§ ÔQÅÅ∞ Hõ@∞ì@.
™êÜ«∞OHÍÅ=Ú #Ok L`«û==ÚÅ∞ qq^èŒ ~°H=õ ÚÖˇ#· "Õ∞à◊`åà◊=ÚÅ∞`À
ѨÅ∞~°HÍÅ ÉÏ}Ïã¨OKå`À "Õ^Œ ã¨fiã≤Î"åK«Hõ=ÚÅ`À ÉèíHõÎ [#∞Å
P#O^ŒHÀÖÏǨÏÅ=Ú`À #Éèí∂`À #Éèíq+¨ºu J#∞ suÖ’ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 37
#Onâ◊fi~°∞xH˜ WO`« ÃÑ^ŒÌ L`«û==Ú =∞i U ^Õ=™êú#=ÚÖ’#∂
[~°∞QÆ^Œ∞.
„âß=} =∂ã¨=ÚÖ’ â◊√„Hõ"å~°=ÚÅÖ’ =∞iÜ«Ú =~°ÅH©∆ ‡
„=`«=Ú~ÀA „âß=}áœ~°‚q∞ ~ÀA# "ÕÖÏk Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ N J=∞‡"å~°¡‰õΩ
‰õΩO‰õΩ=∂~°Û#Å∞ [~°∞ѨÙ^Œ∞~°∞.
ÉèÏ„^ŒÑ¨^Œ â◊√^Œú K«`«∞iú #∞O_ç U_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ Náê^Œ N =Å¡Éèí
[Ü«∞xÎ L`«û==ÚÅ∞ "≥·Éèí==ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞. N ã≤kú q<åÜ«∞Hõ ™êfiq∞
"åiH˜ QÆ}Ѩu #=~å„u =∞Ǩϟ`«û==ÚÅ∞ =∞Ǩ "≥É· =íè =ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
ÉèÏ„^ŒÑ^¨ Œ |Ǩïà◊ áê_»ºq∞ #∞Oz ÉèÏ„^ŒÑ^¨ Œ |Ǩïà◊ J=∂"å㨺
=~°‰Ωõ =∞ǨÅÜ«∞ ѨH∆õ ã¨O^Œ~ƒ° =ù ÚQÍ QÆÜ∞« áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞ q+¨µ‚ áê^Œ=ÚÅ∞
PÅÜ«∞=ÚÖ’ J<ÕHõ „áêO`«=ÚÅ #∞Oz Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ =zÛ `«=∞ Ñ≤`«$
^Õ=`«Å =ÚH˜Î H˘~°‰õΩ =∞ǨÅÜ«∞ „âß^Œú Ñ≤O_» „Ѩ^•# `«~°Ê}=ÚÅ∞
x~°fiÇ≤ÏOK«∞H˘O^Œ∞~°∞. „Ѩu~ÀE ‰õÄ_® ZO`À H˘O`«=∞Ok =zÛ
WHõ¯_» „Ѩ`ÕºHõ=ÚQÍ Ñ≤`«$ HÍ~°º=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«Ú@ qâı+¨=Ú.
PjfiÜ«Ú[ â◊√^Œú áê_»ºq∞ #∞O_ç â◊~°#=~å„`«=ÚÅ∞ q[Ü«∞
^Œâ◊q∞ =~°‰õΩ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞. x`«º=Ú N K«„HÍ~°Û#Å∞, =∞ǨѨÓ[Å∞,
J#fl ã¨=∂~å^è#Œ Å∞ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞. qâı+=¨ ÚQÍ N ~å[~å*Ëâfi◊ s J=∞‡"åi¯
`˘q∞‡k ~ÀAÅ∞ `˘q∞‡k ~°Hõ=ÚÅ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ JÅOHõ~°}Å∞, N
ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ ^ÕqH˜ „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ ѨÓ[Å∞ JOQÆ~O° QÆ "≥É· =íè =ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
^Œã¨~å „Ñ¨`ÕºHõ ѨÓ[Å∞ K«∂z f~°=Åã≤#^Õ. =i‚OѨ â◊Hõº=Ú HÍ^Œ∞.
PjfiÜ«Ú[ |Ǩïà◊ ѨOK«q∞ #∞O_ç Ñ≤~åî ѨÙ~°O =∞iÜ«Ú Ñ¨iã¨~°
„áêO`«=ÚÅ #∞O_ç =K«∞ÛÉèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ =O^ŒÖÏk =∞Ok t= =∞O_»Å nHõ∆
=∂ÖÏ^è•~°} N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~°™êfiq∞"åi ã¨xflkèÖ’ KÕ™êÎ~°∞.
 38
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
HÍsÎHõ=∂ã¨=ÚÖ’ „Ѩu~ÀA =∞iÜ«Ú ™È=∞"å~°=ÚÅ∞.
UHÍ^Œâ◊√Å∞ áœ~°‚q∞ – J=∂"å㨺 =∂ã¨t=~å„u ~ÀAÅÖ’ N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯
>Ëâ◊fi~°™êfiq∞ "åi¯ Jaè¿+Hõ=ÚÅ∞ UHÍ^Œâ◊ ~°∞„^•aè¿+Hõ=ÚÅ∞, ÅHõ∆
aÖÏfi~°Û#Å∞ – ~°∞„^ŒÜ«∂QÆ=ÚÅ∞ [~°∞ѨÙH˘O^Œ∞~°∞."ÕÖÏkQÍ Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞
ѨÙ}º™êfl#=ÚÅ∞ PK«i™êÎ~°∞. HÍsÎHõ â◊√^Œú K«qu ~ÀA# <åQÆ∞ÅK«qu
ã¨O^Œ~°ƒù=ÚÖ’ ã¨∞„|Ǩχ}˺â◊fi~°∞xH˜ áêÅ`À Jaè¿+Hõ=Ú qâı+¨=ÚQÍ
[~°∞QÆ∞#∞. HÍsÎHõ ѨÓi‚q∞ ~ÀA# qâı+¨ ѨÓ[Å∞ *ÏfiÖÏ`À~°}=Ú
J<Õ L`«û==Ú [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
HÍsÎHõ â◊√^Œú qkÜ«∞ #∞O_ç ÃщõΩ¯=∞Ok ^Œ`Ϋ Éè‰í Ωõ ÅÎ ∞ |Ǩï^Œ∂~°
„áêO`«=ÚÅ"å~°∞ ‰õÄ_® ^Œ`«Î nHõ∆ =∂ÖÏ^è•~°}=Ú KÕ™êÎ~°∞.
=∂~°æt~° â◊√^Œú áê_»ºq∞ ~ÀA# áÈe áê_»ºq∞ ã¨O^Œ~°ƒù=ÚQÍ
"ÕÖÏk =∞Ok Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ ѨÙ}º ™êfl#=ÚÅ∞ KÕ™êÎ~°∞.
P ~ÀA t=nH∆ÍѨ~∞° Å∞ nH∆Í q~°=∞}, N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâfi◊ ~°™êfiq∞
"åi¯ ~°∞„^ŒÜ«∂QÆ=Ú qâı+¨ ѨÓ[Å∞ [~°∞ѨÙ`å~°∞.
=∂~°æt~° â◊√^Œú +¨+≤ª~ÀA# ã¨∞„|Ǩχ}º +¨+≤ª ã¨O^Œ~°ƒù=ÚQÍ
ã¨∞„|Ǩχ}˺â◊fi~° ™êfiq∞ "åi¯ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ ѨÓ[Å∞ H©∆~åaè¿+Hõ=ÚÅ∞
„Ѩ`ÕºHõ=ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
=∂~°æt~° â◊√^Œú #=q∞ ~ÀA #∞O_ç áê^ŒQÆÜ«∂ ˆH∆„`«=ÚÖ’
N ^Œ`«Î [Ü«∞Ou ã¨áêÎÇ¨Ï =∞Ǩϟ`«û==ÚÅ∞ U_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ =∞Ǩ
"≥É· =íè =ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞. ^Õâ=◊ ÚÖ’QÆÅ J<ÕHõ „áêO`«=ÚÅ #∞O_ç "ÕÖÏk
=∞Ok Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ D L`«û==ÚÅÖ’ áêÖÁæ#∞@ qâı+¨=Ú
JÖψQ ^èŒ#∞~å‡ã¨ ѨÓ[Å∞ =∞iÜ«Ú ^èŒ#∞~å‡ã¨=ÚÖ’ =KÕÛ
ѨÓi‚=∞#∞ „`«Ü«∞ „ã≤ÎOâ◊`À¯\˜ ѨÓi‚=∞ JO\Ï~°∞. P~ÀA N ~å[
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 39
~å*Ëâ◊fis ã¨"Õ∞`« N L=∂ ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~°™êfiq∞ "åi¯ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ ѨÓ[Å∞
KÕã≤ L`«Î~° ^•fi~°=Ú ^•fi~å ÔH·ÖÏ㨠„Ѩ"Õâ◊ =∞Ǩϟ`«û==ÚÅ∞
„QÍ"≥∂`«û==Ú [~°∞ѨÙ`å~°∞. ÉèíQÆ=O`«∞x`À L`«Î~° ^•fi~° „Ѩ"Õâ◊=Ú
KÕ¿ãÎ =∞#O K«xáÈ~Ú# `«~°∞"å`« ÔH·ÖÏ™êxH˜ "≥_»`å=Ú Jx ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞
K≥ѨÙ`å~°∞.
=∞Hõ~° ã¨O„HÍOu ѨO_»∞QÆ =¸_»∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ „Ѩ`ÕºHõ ѨÓ[Å∞,
#QÆ~À`«û==ÚÅ∞ [~°∞ѨÙ@ PKå~°=Ú.
qâı+¨=ÚQÍ =∂Ѷ¨∞ =∂ã¨=ÚÖ’ â◊x, Pk"å~°=ÚÅ∞, UHÍ
^Œâ◊√Å∞, ~°^èŒã¨Ñ¨Îq∞ ã¨O^Œ~°ƒù=ÚÅÖ’ "ÕÖÏk =∞Ok Éèí‰õΩÎÅ∞ x`«º=Ú
ѨÙ}º™êfl#=ÚÅ∞ KÕÜ«Ú^Œ∞~°∞.
=∂Ѷ¨∞ |Ǩïà◊ UHÍ^Œt #∞O_ç P~°∞ ~ÀAÅ∞ N ™êfiq∞"åi
HõàϺ}=∞ Ǩϟ`«û==ÚÅ∞ "Õ^Œ =∞O„`«=ÚŠѶ∞¨ ’+¨`À, qq^èŒ ~°H=õ ÚÖˇ#·
"Õ∞à◊`åà◊=ÚÅ`À ѨÅ∞s`«∞Öˇ·# ÉÏ}Ï ã¨OKåÅ`À, #$`«º, w`åk
ã¨=∞™ÈÎѨKå~°=ÚÅ`À ѨÓ~åfiKå~° ™êO„Ѩ^•Ü«∞ Ѩ^ŒúuÖ’ ÅHõ∆ÖÏk ÉèíHõÎ
[#ã¨O^ÀǨÏ=Ú`À =∞Ǩ "≥·Éèí==ÚQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
D L`«û==ÚÅÖ’ L^ŒÜ«∞O ™êÜ«∞OHÍÅ=ÚÅ Ü«∞O^Œ∞
qq^èŒ~°Hõ=ÚÖˇ·# "åǨÏ#=ÚÅÃÑ· #QÆ~À`«û==Ú [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
=∞Ǩt=~å„u ~ÀA# „Ѩ`ºÕ Hõ=ÚQÍ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 3 ÅHõÅ∆ =∞Ok
ѨÙ}º™êfl#=ÚÅ∞ PK«iOK«∞@Ü«¸, J=∂"å㨺 ~ÀA# ~°^äÀ`«û==Ú
#Éèí∂`À #Éèíq+¨ºu J#∞ suÖ’ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞. [<å‡xH˜ XHõ t=~å„uH˜
J~Ú<å „Ñ¨f =∂#=Ù_»∞ D L`«û==Ú K«∂z f~°=Åã≤#^Õ. D
"≥É· =íè =Ú =i‚OK«∞@ "Õ~Ú `«ÅÅ∞ ~Ô O_»∞ "ÕÅ <åÅ∞HõÅ∞HõÅ Pkâı+µ¨ #‰õΩ
‰õÄ_® =i‚OK«`«~°=Ú HÍ^Œx ÃÑ^ŒÌÅ∞ K≥|∞`å~°∞.
 40
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
á¶êÅ∞æ} â◊√^Œú áê_»ºq∞ qkÜ«∞ÅÖ’ N ѨÙëÈÊ`«û==Ú Hõ_»∞
~°=∞}©Ü«∞=ÚQÍ#∂, Hõ#∞flŠѨO_»∞=QÍ#∂, qq^èŒ "å^Œº ã¨Ç¨Ï
HÍ~°=ÚÅ`À UHÍO`« ¿ã"å QÍ#=Ú „â◊=}Ï#O^ŒHõ~°=ÚQÍ#∂,
N ™êfiq∞"å~°∞¡, N J=∞‡"å~°¡ TÜ«∞Å ¿ã= – Ѩ=oOѨ٠¿ã= J`«ºO`«
ǨÏ$^ŒÜ«∂#O^ŒHõ~°=ÚQÍ#∂ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.
á¶êÅ∞æ} â◊√^Œú áœ~°‚q∞ ǨϟoHÍ Ñ¨Ói‚=∞ ã¨O^Œ~°ƒù=ÚÖ’
=ã¨O`À`«û==Ú (~°OQÆ∞Å [Å∞¡‰õΩ<Õ Ç¨ÏŸm ѨO_»∞QÆ) N ™êfiq∞"åi
HõàϺ}=Ú 16 ~ÀAŠѨO_»∞QÆ Hõ#∞flŠѨO_»∞QÆQÍ [~°∞QÆ∞#∞.

N ‰õΩOf=∂^èŒ= ^Œ~°≈#=Ú
áê^ŒQÜ
Æ ∂« Hˆ „∆ `«=Ú#‰õΩ Hˆ „∆ `«áêʼnõΩÅ∞ N ‰õΩOf =∂^è=Œ ™êfiq∞
"å~°∞. "åix ^Œi≈OK«x^Õ Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~° ˆH∆„`« ã¨O^Œ~°≈# Ѷ¨Å=Ú ÅaèOK«^Œ∞.
N ‰õΩOf=∂^è=Œ ™êfiq∞ PÅÜ«∞=Ú ‰õÄ_® Ѩ~=° ∞ „áêp#"≥∞#ÿ
N"≥·+¨‚= k=ºˆH∆„`«=Ú. D ˆH∆„`«=Ú#∞ ‰õÄ_® "åºã¨=∞ǨÏi¬ ã¨O^Œi≈Oz
D „H˜Ok q^è=Œ ÚQÍ ™ê¯O^ŒÑÙ¨ ~å} cè=∞ YO_»=Ú# =i‚OzÜ«Ú<åfl~°∞.
''=∂^è"Œ À "≥∂^Œ`Õ `«„`«Ü∞« „`« ‰õΩOf Ñ≤`$« +¨fi™êII—— "Õ∞#`«Ü
Î ∞ÿ≥ #
‰õΩOf^ÕqKÕ`« ѨÓlOѨ|_ç# ™êfiq∞ ‰õΩOf=∂^è=Œ ™êfiq∞QÍ D Hˆ „∆ `«=Ú#
"ÕOKÕã≤Ü«Ú<åfl~°∞. ''㨉õΩOf =∂^èŒ=O^Õ=O ѨÓ[Ü«∂ =∂ã¨"å
‰õΩû"≥∞ÿó—— D ‰õΩOf=∂^èŒ=™êfiq∞x `å#∞ ã¨fiÜ«∞=ÚQÍ ™È΄`«=ÚÅ`À
JiÛOz #@∞¡ ‰õÄ_® =i‚Oz Ü«Ú<åfl~°∞.
N™êfiq∞x QÆ∂iÛ WuǨã¨=Ú HõÅ^Œ∞. ѨÓ~°fi HÍÅ=ÚÖ’
XHÍ<˘HõѨC_»∞ WO„^Œ∞_»∞ =$„`åã¨∞~°∞_»<Õ ~åHõ∆ã¨∞x ã¨OǨÏiOK≥#∞.
=$„`åã¨∞~°∞_»∞ `«fi+¨‚ „Ѩ*ÏѨuKÕ WO„^Œ∞x ã¨OǨÏiOK«∞@‰õΩ ã¨$lOK«|_ç#
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 41
"å_»∞. „ÉÏǨχ}∞_≥·# =$„`«∞x ã¨OǨÏiOK«QÍ WO„^Œ∞#‰õΩ „|ǨχǨÏ`åº
^À+¨=Ú =zÛ#k.
WO„^Œ∞_»∞ „|ǨχǨÏ`åºx=$uÎ H˘~°‰õΩ S^Œ∞ q+¨µ‚ „Ѩu+¨ªÅ∞
KÕÃã#∞. (1) "å~°}Ït (2) „Ѩܫ∂QÆ (3) Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O (4) ~å"Õ∞â◊fi~°=Ú
(5) J#O`« Ѩ^Œ‡<åÉèí=Ú (ˆH~°à◊).
HÍj ˆH∆„`«=ÚÖ’ „Ѩu+≤ªOz# ™êfiq∞ aO^Œ∞ =∂^èŒ=ÙxQÍ#∂,
„Ѩܫ∂QÆÖ’ „Ѩu+≤ìOz# ™êfiq∞ "Õ}© =∂^èŒ=ÙxQÍ#∂, Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=ÚÖ’
„Ѩu+≤ìOz# ™êfiq∞ ‰õΩOf =∂^èŒ=ÙxQÍ#∂, ~å"Õ∞â◊fi~°=ÚÖ’x ™êfiq∞
¿ã`«∞=∂^èŒ=ÙxQÍ#∂, J#O`«Ñ¨^Œ‡<åÉèí=ÚÖ’x ™êfiq∞ ã¨∞O^Œ~°
=∂^èŒ=ÙxQÍ#∂ „Ѩã≤kú K≥Ok<å~°∞.
Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú# L#fl =∂^èŒ=™êfiq∞x NHõ$+¨µ‚x "Õ∞#`«ÎÜ≥ÿ∞#
‰õΩOf^ÕqKÕ JiÛOz|_ç<å_»∞. HÍ=Ù# ™êfiq∞ ‰õΩOf=∂^è=Œ ÙxQÍ „Ѩãk≤ ú
K≥Ok<å~°∞.
N ‰õΩOf=∂^èŒ= ™êfiq∞ Hõ$`«Ü«ÚQÆ=Ú# „Ѩu+≤ìOK«|_ç
^Õ"ÕO„^Œ∞xKÕ Ñ¨Ó[ÅO^Œ∞H˘x, „`Õ`åÜ«ÚQÆ=Ú# N~å=ÚxKÕ Ñ¨ÓlOK«
|_ç ^•fiѨ~°Ü«ÚQÆ=Ú# áêO_»= =∂`«Ü≥ÿ∞# ‰õΩOf^ÕqKÕ J~°Û#ÅO^Œ∞
H˘x HõeÜ«ÚQÆ=Ú# ZO^Œ~À Éèí‰õΩÎÅ#∞ J#∞„QÆÇ≤ÏOK«∞K«∞#fl ™êfiq∞ D
‰õΩOf =∂^èŒ= ™êfiq∞. Éèí‰õΩÎÅO^Œ~°∂ D ™êfiq∞"åifl ¿ãqOz áê^Œ
QÆÜ∂« Hˆ „∆ `« ã¨O^Œ~≈° # ã¨OѨÓ~°Ñ‚ Ö¨¶ Ïxfl á⁄Ok PÜ«Ú~å~ÀQƺ Éè’QÆ ÉèÏQƺ
JÃ+ìÂâ◊fi~°º=ÚÅ#∞ á⁄Ok `«iOK«QÀ~°∞K«∞<åfl=Ú.
D Hˆ „∆ `«=Ú ^ŒH}∆˜ =∞^躌 ~Ô Ö· fiË Ç¨Ï∫~å K≥<fl·≥ "≥∞~Ú<£ Öˇ#· ∞Ö’ ™ê=∞~°H¡ À@ J#fl=~°O
=∞^茺֒ Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O ¿ãì+¨<£ HõÅ^Œ∞. ¿ãì+¨<£ #∞O_ç XHõ H˜Ö’g∞@~°∞ ^Œ∂~°=Ú.
áê^ŒQÆÜ«∞ Jx J_»QÆ=Öˇ#∞. ~À_»∞¤ =∂~°æ=Ú : HÍH˜<å_» #∞O_ç J#fl=~°O
"≥àı§ ^•iÖ’ HÍH˜<å_»‰õΩ 18 H˜Ö’g∞@~°¡ ^Œ∂~°=ÚÖ’ 214 ÃÇ·Ï"ÕÖ’ HõÅ^Œ∞
 42
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT

Ñ‘iîHÍѨÙ~°O SuǨã≤Hõ „Ѩã¨H˜Î

WÖÏ Ñ¨Ù~å} „Ѩã≤kú á⁄Ok# D Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O WuǨã≤Hõ=ÚQÍ
‰õÄ_® ã¨∞„Ѩã≤^Œú=Ú. „H©ã¨∞Î â◊HÍ~°OÉèí=Ú #∞O_ç ZO^Œ~À ~åAʼnõΩ
Wk ~å[^è•x #QÆ~O° QÍ =ÙO_ç#@∂¡ D Ñ≤+Ñì¨ Ù¨ ~O° HÀ@ â◊„`«∞xˆ~ƒù^ºŒ "î ∞≥ #ÿ
^Œh, WO`«=~°‰õÄ Ñ¨iâ’kèOѨ|_»¤ âßã¨<åÅ =Å¡ `≥Å∞ã¨∂ÎOk. H©IIâ◊II
210= ã¨O=`«û~°OÖ’ JO>Ë WѨÊ\˜H˜ ã¨∞=∂~°∞ 18 â◊`åÉÏÌŠѨÓ~°fiO
PO„^è~Œ åAÅ~Ú# âß`«"åǨÏ#∞Å áêÅ#Ö’ L#flk. J<ÕHõ âßã¨<åÅÖ’
nx <å=∞O Ñ≤+¨ìѨÙ~°OQÍ =ÙOk. H˘xfl âßã¨<åÅÖ’ 'Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú— Jh
NÑ‘~î°=∞x LOk. ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ^Õq Ѩ~°OQÍ Ñ¨Ù~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍѨÙ~°O Jx
ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ Ñ¨@ì}O Jx ‰õÄ_® XHõѨC_»∞î "å_»∞HõÖ’ L#flk.
Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~åxfl QÆ∞iOz `«# cè"Õ∞â◊fi~° ѨÙ~å}O `«$fÜ«∂
âßfiã¨OÖ’ „Ѩâ◊Oã≤Oz =i‚Oz# 14= â◊`å|Ì=Ú "å_≥·# N<å^èŒ
Hõq™ê~°fiÉè∫=Ú_»∞ D Ѩ@ì}<å=∞O Ñ‘iîHÍѨÙ~°O, Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú, Ñ‘~îå
Ѩ@ì}=Ú Jx =¸_»∞ q^è•Å K≥áêÊ_»∞. <å=∞OÖ’x D ÉèË^•Å#∞
Kè«O^À|^ŒúOQÍ „"å¿ã Ѩ^•ºÅÖ’ QÆ}O ™êkèOK«_»O HÀã¨O KÕã≤#
=∂~°∞ÊQÍ =∞#O „QÆÇ≤ÏOK«∞HÀ=K«∞Û. WÖÏ D Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O q∞H˜¯e
„áêp#"≥∞ÿ# Ѩ@ì}=∞x K≥ѨÊ_®xH˜ x^Œ~°≈<åÅ∞ KåÖÏ L<åfl~Ú.
WHõ¯_»∞#fl N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~åÅÜ«∞O, ‰õΩOf=∂^èŒ=Ùx PÅÜ«∞O
‰õÄ_® KåÖÏ „áêp#"≥∞ÿ#q. 1186 = ã¨OII~°OÖ’ "≥Å<å\˜ KÀà◊
=Oâ◊A_≥·# =¸_»= Q˘OHõ~åA ÉèÏ~°º '[Ü«∂OaHÍ— D ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~°
™êfiq∞H˜ #=YO„_»"å_» „QÍ=∞O ^•#q∞zÛ#@∞¡, JÖψQ 1195 Ö’
HÀ# =∞O_»ÖÏkèѨ`«∞Å∞ N ‰õΩOf=∂^èŒ= ^Õ=ÙxH˜ F^Œ∂~°∞ „QÍ=∞O
^•xq∞zÛ#@∞¡ âßã¨# Ѩiâ’^茉õΩÅ∞ „"å™ê~°∞. 1433Ö’ "åtÔ~_ç¤
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 43
áÈH˜h_»∞ ‰õΩOf=∂^è=Œ ÙxH˜ =∞O_»ÑO¨ Hõ\ Oì˜ z `å_ç`À@ "Õ~ÚOK«∞\Ïk
ÃщõΩ¯ Ѩ#∞Å∞ KÕ~ÚOz#@∂ì DÜ«∞<Õ N ‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâfi◊ ~åÅÜ«∞OÖ’ J~Ú^Œ∞
„Ѩu+¨Åª ∞ KÕ~ÚOz#@∞ì ‰õΩOf=∂^è=Œ ™êfiq∞ ^Õ"î åÅÜ«∞OÖ’ ã¨O÷ Éè=í ÚÅÃÑ·
QÆÅ âßã¨<åÅÖ’ L#fl@∞ì Ѩiâ’^茉õΩÅ∞ `≥eáê~°∞.
Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°=Ú ^Õ=`«Å x~å‡}=Ú
JÖÏ ^•fi^Œâ◊ ѨÙ}ºˆH∆„`åÅÖ’#∂ XHõ\ ˜QÍ ¿Ñ~˘¯#fl D
Ñ≤~îåѨÙ~°O ѨÙ~å}ËuǨ㨠„Ѩã≤^ŒúO, ^Õâ◊ „ѨMϺ`«"≥∞ÿ# „uQÆÜ«∞Ö’¡#∞
''áê^ŒQÆÜ«∞—— –t=ˆH∆„`åÅÖ’ ''‰õΩ‰õΩ¯>Ëâ◊fi~°O——, ѨOK«=∂^èŒ==ÚÅÖ’
''‰õ Ω Of =∂^è Œ = =Ú—— – N =∞Ǩ  ^Õ q Jëêì ^ Œ â ◊ Ñ‘ ~ î å Ö’¡ # ∂
''ѨÙ~°∞Ǩ˙uHÍ—— Ñ‘~î°O WÖÏ, ^Õg t= q+¨µ‚ ^Œ`«Î QÆÜ«∂ˆH∆„`«"≥∞ÿ# D
Ñ‘iîHÍѨÙ~°O ѨÙ}ºˆH∆„`åÅÖ’ ã¨∞„Ѩã≤^ŒúO.
=∞#^ÕâO◊ Ö’x ѨOK«~å=∂ÅÖ’#∂ ‰õΩ=∂~å ~å=∂ Hˆ „∆ `«OÖ’x
D Ñ‘~åî Ѩ@}ì O (Ñ‘iHî ÍѨÙ~°O) ^≥=· xi‡`«"∞≥ #ÿ ^Œx cè"∞Õ â◊fi~° ѨÙ~å}OÖ’
N<å^èŒ Hõq™ê~°fiÉè∫=Ú_»∞ WÖÏ =i‚OKå_»∞.
''‰õΩOf=∂^èŒ= ^Õ=Ù#‰õΩ q„âßOu „Ѩ^Õâ◊O|∞#∞,
ǨïOHÍi}© =∞Ǩ^ÕqH˜ qǨ~°ã¨OˆH`« Éèí=#O|∞#∞,
Ñ≤‘~îåOaHÍ ÅH©∆ ‡ HÍ@‰õÄ@O|∞#∞, ¿ÇÏÖÏ™êxH˜ ǨÖÏ
áê#QÀ+‘ì =∞O@ѨO|∞ ##O^Œy Éèí∂`«ÉèË`åà◊ _è®H˜h
„¿Ñ`«~°OHõÉèˇ·~°= „"å`« xi‡`« „ѨHÍ~°=„ѨǨÏ@ì‰õΩ\˜ì=∞O|QÆ∞
''Ñ‘~îåѨ@ì}O|∞——
JO@∂ "åºã¨ =∞ǨÏi¬ `«# t+¨ºQÆ}O`À J@∞=O\˜ Ñ≤~åî ѨÙ~°O =zÛ#@∞¡
K≥áêÊ_»∞.
U
 44
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT

IMPORTANCE OF
PIRTAPURAM
Adha Vindhya chalopante trilingotkala desayoh
Sandhow sameepe sree bheema mandalasya purottamam
Navakhandanvita khandala kshone mandala mandanam
Nana samruddhi sampannam vikhyatam kshetra muttamam
Kedara kumbha konadi punya Kshetra samam mahat
Pithapuram munivaro nija shishyia sahavishat

It is the brief history of Paadagaya Kshetram which is one

of the important Astadasa Peetha's, situated at Pithapuram in
East Godavari District in Andhra Pradesh. It is described in the
third chapter of Bheema Khanda and of Skandapurana
Bhima Mandalam consists of Andhra , Orissa border at the
foot of the Vindhya Mountains. It is the best piece of land out of
nine divisions of land with all kinds of crops and gardens.
Pithapuram has become famous as a sacred and holy piligrimage,
in this land. Pithapuram is equally holy and sacred place with
'kedaram' in North India and 'kumbhakonam' in South India. This
place was visited by the sage Vyasa with his disciples and it was
written in Bhimakhanda of Skandapurana, one of the eighteen
epics.
The great poet, 'Srinadha' wrote in the third chapter of
'Bheemeswara purana' in the following way. “The following four
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 45
places give salvation or 'Moksha', they are (banaras), Varanasi,
Kedaram, Kumbhakonam and Pithapuram (Kukkuteswara
Stanamu) Pithapuram has become paadagaya keshetram.
In olden days, KRUTAYUGA there was a demon king,
Gayasura, By his austere penance and sacrifice he got kingship
on heaven and ruled the three lokas (Swarga, Marthya, Patalam)
He was ruling three lokas by the result of sacrifices made by
sages. Defeated by Gayasura Lord Indra and other deities ap-
proached Trimurthies (Brahma, Vishnu and Maheswara) for res-
toration of their position. Trimuthies in the guise of brahmins
visited Gayasura.
Gayasura used to fulfill the desires of the people who asked
him by virtue of his kind and charitable qualities. By his mere
visit, even sinners used to get rid of their sins and reached heaven.
Gayasura received them warmly and worshipped with utter re-
spect, (Arghya and Padya) and received their blessings. He asked
them to tell the cause of their arrival. Then they told him that
they were going to perform a sacrifice for universal peace. On
his asking, (Trimurhies) they told to offer a sacred place to per-
form the sacrifice. He promised to provide the place. They asked
to give his body as it was a holy place to perform the sacrifice.
He agreed for it.
They gathered material, sages and deities and requested
Gayasura to commence yaaga (Sacrifice). The Gayasura ex-
tended his body form from Gaya in Bihar State to pithapuram in
Andhra State as asked them to start sacrifice (yaaga) They started
yaaga on his chest.
 46
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
Yaaga was intended to finish in seven days, counting ev-
eryday, from early in the morning (i.e. cock crowing time). Af-
ter six days, the deities prayed to lord Eswara to spoil the Yaaga.
Then lord Eswara in the form of a Cock at midnight
(lingodhbhava kala), (before early in the morning) sounded
“Kokkuroko,” Gayasura thought that the Yaaga was over and
moved his body. Then they were ready to kill Gayasura as he
spoiled their sacrifice. Gayasura accepted for this. By pleasing
with the words of Gayasura, they asked him to request them a
boon. Then Gayasura told them that he had no personal desires.
But for the benefit of the world, he requested to be Vishnu at his
head, at naval cavity Brahma, and at feet Eswara in the form of
cock, permanently. These three places should be treated as holy
places and if anybody performed shraddha karmas in these
places, their fore fathers would reach salvation without rebirth.
1. SHIROGAYA: It is famous in Bihar as “Gaya”. Here Vishnu
is worshipped in the form of Gadadhara even today. This is one
of Eighteen Shaktipeethas. The Shakti peetha is called
“Maangalya Gowrika”
2. NABHIGAYA : This is in Orissa state, near Jajipur railway
station as Nabhi Gayakshetra. Here deity is Brahma. This is one
of eighteen Shaktipeethams. Odayne Girijadevi. This
Shaktipeetam is called with the name of Girijadevi.
3. PAADAGAYA : Pithapuram in East Godavari, in Andhra
Pradesh became famous as Paadagaya. The feet of Gayasura
lied in the pool infront of the temple. The primal deity of this
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 47
place is Lord Siva in the form of cock. Even to-day he is receiv-
ing offerings by the devotees. This pillgrimage is also treated as
one of Eighteen shakti peethas. as “Peethayaam Puruhutika”.
This shakti peetham is famous with the name of Puruhutika.

HISTORY OF ASTADASA
SHAKTHI PEETAS
The Pithapuram Piligramage is tenth shakti peeta in
Astadasa shakti peethas. As the seat place (Peetha) of Satidevi
has fallen on this place, it is called Pithapuram.
In olden days, Daksha Prajapati belonged to moon dynasty
made Lord Shiva as his son-in-law by offering his eldest daugh-
ter Satidevi. In course of time, there was a dispute between Lord
Shiva and Dakshaprajapati. So, wanted to perform a Yaaga with-
out Lord Shiva. He invited Yaksha, Garuda, Gandharva, Kinnera,
Kimpurusha, Maharshis and devas except Lord Shiva. On hear-
ing this satidevi felt sad and wanted to know cause for it. She
loved her parents. Satidevi went to Yaaga uninvited.
There Satidevi was disgraced and left her life near Yaaga.
After destricution of Daksha Yaaga Lord Siva took the deadbody
of Satidevi on his shoulders and was wandering in the world.
For the of the universe Vishnu divided the body of Satidevi into
18 pieces with his Sudarshana Chakram. One piece fell into
Lanka (Ceylon) and the remaining 17 pieces fell in India and
the 18 parts are treated as 18 Shakti peethas, they are:
 48
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
1. Lankayam Sankaree Devi Sri Lanka (Ceylon)
Shankareedevi
2. Kamakshee Kanchikapure Kancheepuram (Tamilnadu),
Kamakshidevi
3. Pradhyumne Srunkhaladevi Pradyumnam (Gujarat)
Srunkhaladevi
4. Chamunde Krowncha Pattane Mysore (Karnataka)
Chamundeswari
5. Alampura Jogulamba Alampura (Kurnool Dist
Andhra) Jogulamba
6. Srisaile Bhramrambika Srisailam (Kurnool Dist
Andhra), Bhramramba
7. Kolhapure Mahalakshmi Kolhapur (Maharastra),
Mahalakshmi
8. Mahurye Eka Veerika Mahur (Maharastra),
Ekaveeradevi
9. Ujjayinyam Mahakalee Uyyayini (Madya Pradesh)
Mahakali
10. Peethayam Puruhutika Pithapuram, (E.G.Dist.,
Andhra) Puruhutika devi
11. Odyane Girija Devi Jajpur (Orissa) Girija Devi
12. Manikye Daksha Vatika Daksharam (E.G.Dist,
Andhra ), Manikyamba
13. Hari Kshetrekamarupee Haridwar (Uttarpradesh)
Manasadevi
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 49
14. Prayage Madhaveswari Allahabad (Uttarpradesh)
Madhaveswari
15. Jvalayam VaishnaviDevi Jvala (Jammu Kashmir),
Vaishnodevi
16. Gaya Mangala Gowri Gaya Mangala Gowri (Bihar)
17. Varanasyam Visalakshi Kasee ( Uttarpradesh),
Visalakshi
18. KamiretuSaraswatee Kashmir (Kashmir),
Saraswati

PEETHAYAM PURUHUTIKA
The Place became famous in Pithapuram as the seat place
of Satidevi has fallen here. This is tenth peetha inAstadasa
Peethas. The sage Vyasa described this peetha in Bheemakhanda
of skandapurana in this following way.
Slo."Tatra peethambikam shaktim kaitabhantaka vallabham
Varadaam tatpurabhyarna srungataka maheesthitam
Hiranmayam panpatram supakvam matulungakam
Khetakam lohadandancha Dharayantee Karmmbujaiah
Sarvalokaika Jananeem, laksheem bhaktya nanama saha."
Lakshmi, who is wife of Mahavishnu and who gives boons,
has golden goblet, riped citrus media shield and metalic stick in
hands. She is universal mother. Vyasamaharshi saw her and made
namaskarams (or worshipped) “Puruhutena, Upasita devi
puruhutika etyabhidheeyate” On one occasion Lord Puruhut
 50
bÍ<Š>·jáÖ ¹¿ŒçÔáeTT
(Indra) made penance, for killing Vrutrasura Peethambika
(Lakshmi) became famous as puruhuthikadevi by killing him.
Kavi Sarvabhowma Srinadha described peethambika in
Telugu Bheemeswara epic in the following way.
"Hatakapana Patrayu, Naragabandina matulungamun,
Khetamu, lohadandamu nogin dhariyinchi puropakantha,
Srungata bhoomi bhagamuna kapuramundedi peethambakun,
Kaitabha vairidaitya priyakantaku namaska rinchenatandu
bhaktiton"
PITHAPURAM
DATTA PILIGRIMAGE
The son of the sage Atri and the holy lady Anasuya was
Dattathreya, having three forms of the lord's Brahma, Vishnu
and Maheswara. He was born in Paadagaya Kshetram at
Pithapuram. This is written in fiftieth chapter of Gurucharitra
written by Sree Vasudevada Saraswati Swamy in the following
way.
In the (delta) plain of the "Eela river", in Pithapuram Kshetra
there lived Sumati and AppalarajuSarma shrotriya brahmin
couple. They practised vedickaramas with holiness. Sri
Rajasarma made sacrifices with sacredness. He always per-
formed five sacrifices to satisfy devas, forefather sages, and
brahmins. Sumathi also followed her husband in all aspects,doing
the service of her husband as a true devoted wife by
Purvajanamkarma, they had no good children. The two sons born
to them were blind, deaf and dumb. So they were feeling sad
 |Ó]Ä¿±|ŸÚsÁ ¹¿ŒçÔá eÖVŸäÔሠ«eTT 51
always. They always worshipped Dattadeva in Paadagaya
Kshetra with utter devotion. One day, the annual ceremony of
his father came. Sumathi was preparing, everything for that cer-
emony. To test them, Dattatreya came in the guise of a sage for
Bhiksha. At that time Raja sarma was not in the house. Sumati
gave Bhiksha to the sage without thinking break of Ceremony.
Dattatheya was pleased very much for that and asked Sumati to
ask for any boon. Then Sumati requested him to be born as their
son. He granted that boon as they were his true devotees. After-
wards Raja Sarma came and knew this news and felt glad. He
thought that it was not error to give bhiksha and it would satisfy
his forefather. Then they finished ceremony. Dattatreya was born
as a son Sri Paada Srivallabha to sumati and Raja Sarma couple.
Swamy showed many sports (leelas) even in childhood and boy-
hood, and took sanyasam in boyhood he removed physically
handicapped nature of his brothers on his mother’s request. He
showed Jnanayoga to the devotees and he fulfilled their desires.
By his powers, he made foolish people into wise men, the poor
into the rich, the couples infertility (without children) into the
couple of fertility (with children) ordinary people into Lords.
Sripada Sri Vallabha was born in Paadagaya Kshetram. We have
to see here swamy old temple as it is a divine place.
U
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