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1.0 Introduction
An electric motor is a machine which converts electric energy into
mechanical energy. Conversion of electrical power into mechanical
power takes place in the rotating part of an electric motor.
2.1 DC Motor
When its magnets are excited and its armature conductors are
supplied with current from the supply mains, they experience a
force tending to rotate the armature.
2.2 AC Motor
When the 3 phase stator windings are fed by a 3 phase supply then
magnetic flux of constant magnitude, but rotating at synchronous
speed is set up. The flux passes through the air gap, sweep past the
rotor surface and so cuts the rotor conductors which as yet are
stationary. Due to the relative speed between the rotating flux and
the stationary conductors, voltage is induced in the rotor. Since the
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rotor bars or conductors form a closed circuit, rotor current is
produced whose direction is such as to oppose the very cause
producing it. In this case, the cause which produces the rotor
current is the relative velocity between the rotating flux of the
stator and the stationary rotor conductors. Hence, to reduce the
relative speed, the rotor starts running the same direction as that of
the flux and tries to catch up with the rotating flux.
- Split phase
- Shaded pole
Induction Synchronous - AC Universal
motors motors
DC MOTORS
Long Short
shunt shunt
• Rated voltage :–
According to supply voltage motors are classified as LT & HT
motors. In our plant, we are having LT motors of 415 V & HT
motors of 3.3 KV.
• Rated frequency :–
Generally motors are designed based on 50 Hz. Motors for
frequency other than 50 Hz are also possible like Spin pump
motors having frequency – 20 to 100 Hz.
• Rated power :-
The value of output power.
• Rated current :-
It is current drawn by the motor when running with rated load & at
rated supply voltage.
• Rated speed :-
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The rated speed corresponds to the speed at which the motors runs
with rated load.
• Insulation Class :
Standard motors are provided with windings having class B
insulation. The maximum temperature rise for class B insulation is
80°C over an ambient of 40°C, with class F insulation, 105°C
maximum temperature rise can be achieved for the same ambient.
• Mounting & Frame Size
Mounting - Foot mounting
Flange mounting
Face mounting
• Class of duty :-
The various operating cycles of drives machines can be classified
into eight duties ranging from S1 to S8. S1 & S4 are more utilised.
5.1 Thermistors
These are provided over the winding of the motors. The main
function of the heaters, is to heat the windings, when motor is in
idle condition or kept in storage, in order to prevent moisture or
dust depositing over the windings,thereby reducing the insulation
resistance. Caution – supply to heaters must be switched off before
switching on the motor.
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*Defective ball/roller *Replace bearing.
bearings.
8.1 Frequency
- Varies from six months to two years depending on load & rpm.
If motor trips, don’t start the motor without confirming cause and its
rectification.
- Don’t attempt frequent start/stop unless the motor is designed
for that purpose. This reduces motor and swithgear life.
- Keep surrounding area neat and well ventillated.
- Cover all out door motors with canopy and don’t cover the fan
covers.
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