Common infectious organisms

How we can identify pathogen?

•  Fresh exam
•  Staining
Gram stain
Acid fast stain
Modifed acid fast stain
Wright s stain
Special stain
•  Culture
•  Serology
•  Histopathology
•  Molecular techniques
 Bacterial morphology
•  Gram positive cocci
•  Gram positive bacilli
•  Gram negative cocci
•  Gram negative bacilli
•  Gram positive branching rod
•  Gram neutral
Gram positive cocci in cluster

Staphylococcus aureus
Gram positive diplococci lancet shape with capsule

Streptococcus pneumoniae
Gram positive cocci in chain

Streptococci
Gram positive bacilli

Clostridium spp., Bacillus spp.

gram negative diplococci kidney shape

Moraxella catarrhalis
gram negative diplococci kidney shape

Neisseria gonorrhoae
gram negative coccobacilli

Hemophilus influenzae
gram negative bacilli with safety pin like

Burkholderia pseudomallei
gram negative bacilli with thick capsule

Klebsiella pneumoniae
Mixed pleomorphic gram positive and
gram negative organisms

Anaerobes
gram neutral bacilli

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
 Acid fast bacilli

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
gram positive bead branching rod

Nocardia spp.
Modified acid fast positive bead
branching organism

Nocardia spp.
Modified acid fast positive cocci

Rhodococcus equi
Strongyloides sterocoralis larvae in sputum
Strongyloides sterocoralis larvae in sputum
Yeast with pseudohyphae

Candida albicans
dicrotomous branching septate hyphae

Aspergillus spp.
Right angle board non-septate hyphae

Mucor spp.
Right angle board non-septate hyphae

Mucor spp.
Cryptosporidium oocyst modified AFB 40X
Cryptosporidium oocyst modified AFB 100X
Cyclospora oocyst
Isospora belli oocyst modified AFB 20X
Morphology: Encapsulated budding yeast
 H. capsulatum
small budding yeasts intracellular and
extracellular, grapelike
P. marneffei
Small oval , round , sausage shaped yeast with central
clear septum ( binary fission)
Multinucleated giant cells
 Plasmodium
falciparum

Ring Shizont Gamete

 Plasmodium
vivax

Ring Shizont Gamete

 Plasmodium malariae

Compact Ring Band Shizont

Rosette Shizont
 Plasmodium ovale
Ring Shizont Gamete
Ascaris lumbricoides
Trichiuris trichiura
Enterobius vermicularis
(Thread worm)
Hookworm
Strongyloides
stercoralis
Capillaria
philippinenses
Opisthorchis viverinii
egg
Paragomninus
westermani
Taenia egg
Sarcoptis scabii