PRESCRIPTION METHODS

1 Oral Contraceptives: “the Pill”

DESCRIPTION:

Oral Contraceptive Pills “OCP’s”;

Available in many shapes sizes, strengths colours and combinations;
Pills per pack may vary: 21 days, 28 days, and new seasonable, which are
3 months.
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Effectiveness:

• Perfect Use Failure Rate in First Year: 0.1% (of every 1,000
women who take pills for one year 1 will become pregnant in the first
year)
• Typical Use Failure Rate in First Year: 5 % (of every 1,000
women who take pills for one year 5 will become pregnant in the first
year)

Mechanism:

• Suppresses ovulation
• Thickens cervical mucus
• Thins endometrium
• Slows tubal motility

DISADVANTAGES

 Mood changes, depression, anxiety

 Daily pill taking may be stressful
 No Protection against STI (Sexually Transmitted Infections), including
HIV
 Nausea, breast tenderness, especially in the first few cycles
 Weight gain

ADVANTAGES

 Regulates menses
 Decreases blood loss/ menstrual cramps
 No disruption at time of intercourse
 Decrease risk of ovarian/endometrial cancer
 Treatment for acne

Special Considerations: Adolescents

 • Failure rates are high in teens, due the regimented pill schedule
• At risk for STI, encourage condom use
• Most common reason for sick days at work/school, due to
uncomfortable menstrual symptoms (under 25)
• Treats acne

2 Ortho Evra: The Patch

Description:

• Estrogen and Progestin

• 1 Patch a week, for 3 weeks
• 4 week patch free, Menstruation
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• Usually worn lower abdomen or buttocks

Effectiveness:

• Perfect Use Failure Rate in First Year: 1 women of every 1,000

women will become pregnant in the first year

Overall Failure Rate: ? ------- retirar

Mechanism:

• Prevents pregnancy in the same way that oral contraceptives do

(Ovulation, cervical mucus, endometrium, tubal motility)

Advantages:

 Menstrual (Similar to the Pills)

 Nothing to do on a daily basis
 No disruption at time of intercourse

Disadvantages:

 Mood changes, depression, anxiety

 No Protection against STI (Sexually Transmitted Infections), including
HIV
 Nausea, breast tenderness, especially in the first few cycles
 Weight gain
 Cannot use if breastfeeding
NON-PRESCRIPTION METHODS
1 Female Condom

What is a Female Condom? ---- retirar

The female condom helps protect partners from pregnancy and sexually
transmitted infections, including HIV/AIDS. It is the only female-controlled
device offering this protection. A female condom is a thin, loose-fitting and
flexible plastic tube worn inside the vagina. A soft ring at the closed end of
the tube covers the cervix during intercourse and holds it inside the vagina.
Another ring at the open end of the tube stays outside the vagina and partly
covers the lip area. A female condom provides a barrier between partners to
prevent sharing bodily fluids like semen, blood, or saliva. This helps ensure
that sexually transmitted infections are not passed and pregnancy does not
occur. Female condoms are 79-95% effective.
Advantages:

 Can be inserted up to 8 hours before sex to allow more spontaneity

 Woman can make sure she is somewhat protected against STIs
 No medical visit required, available over the counter
 Can be safely used with individuals who have latex allergies

Disadvantages:

 Requires careful sexual practices during intercourse

 Noise made during intercourse can be distracting, if occurs add more
lubricant
 In one study, 88% of females disliked using the female condom
 Somewhat difficult for new users
 Possible increase risk of UTI
 Possible difficulty inserting and removing devise

2 MALE CONDOM
Advantages:

 Some men maintain erections longer with condoms

 If the partner puts the condom on it can increase the pleasure
 Makes sex less messy by catching the ejaculate
 Intercourse may be more pleasurable because of the fear of
pregnancy and STI’s may be decreased
 Cost effective
 Opportunity of couples to improve communication and negotiating
skills

Disadvantages:
  Use may be perceived as interrupting love making
 Requires discipline to resist impulse to progress to sexual act after
erection
 May cause loss of erection.
 Decrease the sensation

Special Considerations:

• Users must avoid oil based lubricants (latex condoms)

• Use of N-9 coated condoms may be associated with an increased risk
of contracting HIV
• Embarrassed about purchasing condoms due to the stigma.

3 ABSTINENCE ----- falta referir (falam no powerpoint)