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AGRICULTURE IN EGYPTION

CIVILIZATION
Egypt, like all the great early civilizations, was an agricultural society.
The wealth of Egypt and the richness of the civilization which it
spawned was based fundamentally on agriculture. Egyptian agriculture
was organized around the annual Nile flood. For 3 months out of the
year the fields along the Nile were flooded and fertilized by rich silt
brought by the flow of the river. The Nile water, rich silt, and semi-
tropical climate resulted in highly productive harvests that served as the
basis for Egyptian civilization over several millennia. The average
Egyptian lived and worked in his village and knew little of the wider
world. Egypt was a closed society in which a son followed his father's
calling. Generations of Egypt's toiling masses over millennia worked in
the fields. Even in the New Kingdom the only opportunities offering
advancement outside of the laboring
caste was the army. Egyptian peasants
were illiterate and attended no
schools. The whole family toiled in the
field. The younger children were
assigned tasks such as protecting the
crop from birds or gleaning the
stubble after harvest. Some Egyptians
owned their own land, many toiled as
tenants on the estates of the great temples or nobility. Officials would
assess the yield for taxation. Later after the harvest officials would
arrive to collect the tax as a share of the harvest to fill the state
granaries.
There were three seasons in ancient Egypt, each tied with the
Nile and agriculture. The agricultural season was quite different to that
experienced with agriculture conducted in temperate countries. The
cycle was not dependant on changes in temperature controlling the
growing season. Crops in Egypt could theoretically be grown year
round. The key factor is the availability of water provided by the Nile.
Aketo was the annual inundation or flooding of the Nile. It regularly
occurred from July through December on our modern calendar. During
this period the corves was often demanded by state officials. Some of the
farmers tended the irrigation canals to ensure the life-giving Nile waters
were directed to areas that they did not normally reach. Peleto was the
season when the Nile water
receded. This was the
relatively cool season and it
was when planting took place
after which the crop was
cultivated. It extended from
December through March.
Syumuu was the dry or
harvest season which
normally occurred from
March to July. This was the busiest time of the year. Harris It was also
the time of year when taxes were collected..
Natural river irrigation shaped the early landscape of
ancient Egypt. Drainage was not required for the Valley to become
livable. It may have constituted a problem in the lower lying parts of the
Delta which were often marshy. With the natural flooding and draining
of the floodplain, the annual inundation permitted a single crop-season
over two-thirds of the
alluvial ground. Organized
by regional authorities,
every Egyptian had to
move about thirty cubic
meters of soil in about ten
days every year. With this relatively small investment of labor, they
kept the system in working order. Once the main canals, many of them
natural, were in place, they just had to be dredged yearly to prevent
their clogging up; the levees had to be raised, and smaller ditches had to
be re-excavated

In most countries heavy ploughs have to be used to turn over the soil, so
that the growing plants get enough nutrients, but in Egypt the Nile flood
deposited the nutrients on top, and the ploughing served just to break
up the top soil before sowing or for covering the seed afterwards.
The Egyptian plough was lightly built and tied to the horns of the
cattle. Cows were generally used for ploughing, which caused their milk
production to decrease during ploughing time. A helper, often a child,
led the animals, sometimes urging them on with a stick. When draft
animals were unavailable, humans would pull the plough or one might
try to borrow some cows as did Sarapion when he wrote to his most
esteemed Antonius Minor sometime in the second century CE:

Hoeing was another way of loosening the soil. Because the handles of the
hoes were very short (a feature of these tools
even today in southern countries), this was
back-breaking work.
The sower walked back and forth over the
still moist field, a bag in one hand and
spreading the seed with the other, or having
a two handled woven basket tied around his
neck, both his hands free for sowing.
Sometimes a plough covered the seeds with earth. Driving hogs or sheep
over the field served the same purpose.
many Important crops were sowed like emmer which stopped being
grown by the Roman period, barley, used for baking bread and brewing
beer, the significance of which declined during the Roman Period when
wine replaced beer to a large extent, wheat, an unidentified sort of
cereal, flax for the production of cloth and ropes, the naturally
occurring papyrus reeds (which became extinct in Egypt and were
recently reintroduced), used for paper, boats, ropes, mats and many
other things and the castor oil plant, from the fruit of which oil for
many purposes (among others as a sort of money) was prDomesticated
in Mesopotamia, the opium poppy may have been grown on a
commercial scale near Thebes during the New Kingdom, and opium
thebaicum was possibly traded by Phoenicians to southern Europe, the
Levant and North Africa. Jewellery and small, perhaps foreign,
containers looking somewhat like poppy-heads dating to the 18th
dynasty have been found, but few - if any - traces of the plant itself or its
products.
Oil was extracted from poppy seeds in the Fayum during the third
century BCE. Some scholars think that the production of opium for
medicinal purposes was introduced into Egypt
only in Roman times eased.
Gardening was much more labor intensive
than agriculture. Gardens, orchards, and
vineyards were often on high ground and quite
a distance from the Nile. They had to be
irrigated by hand with the water drawn from
wells or the river. Vegetables like
onions, garlic, balls, and Agaythae castor, flax
was the division of fields into ponds and Breha
Bahadov as well as work on the cultivation of
many kinds of fruit trees and wood and under.
Also known as the cultivation of fruits of all kinds of famous Sycamore,
figs, grapes, olives, pomegranate, and the transfer to Egypt of different
types of trees from Asia and Africa.
Egyptians had many gods one of their god was Osiris,Osiris plays a key
role and is a central figure in the ancient Egyptian mysteries and in the
Order Of The Morning Star. It was Osiris who was the beloved pharaoh
of Egypt. It was Osiris who taught the people of the land of Egypt about
farming. Osiris was and is one of the first "Green Men", in that he was
also the god of vegetation. When Osiris became ruler over the land of
Egypt, the people were engaged in the practice of cannibalism. Osiris
helped them to evolve beyond cannibalism and to learn farming skills.
Osiris is the husband of Isis. In that after thousands of
years all female goddesses became merged as an aspect of
Isis, she too is central to Egyptian symbolism. Most
scholars know of the tragic story of the death of Osiris.
He was murdered by his evil brother Set. Set is equated
with Typhon-Apophis of the Greeks. Set is the destructive
aspect that the alchemical principal must undergo, and
thus be reborn into a new and purified creation. (Satan is
based on the personage of Set) That is exactly what
happened to Osiris. His death or as the alchemist would
say his putrefaction was carefully evolved through the
power of Isis under the magical direction of Thoth.
Essentially, a formula was being created in the mythos. It is the
alchemical formula of I.A.O., Isis, Apophis, Osiris, Birth, Death,
resurrection. To the Adept this is a powerful process of transformation
that unlocks the keys of magical power and of immortality.
For as Osiris died, through the power of Birth (Isis) under the authority
and skill of Thoth (The Higher Genius) Osiris arose on the physical
plane as the great avenging god Horus, his son. On the spiritual plane
Osiris became the great god of the underworld. Like Christ he became
the god that the Egyptians needed to become in order to be saved. What
this means is that unless the initiate allows for the complete
transformation of the self under the direct guidance of the Higher, no
true and lasting power can be obtained. Osiris is the reconciler with the
Lower Selfhood in which no birth or death is necessary. We can refer to
it as "The Bornless One."
To the Egyptians one must become Osiris. In that no one can or could
deliver the forty-two negative confessions in the hall of truth, because no
one is perfect in earthly life. By identification with Osiris the candidate
who stands in the Hall of Truth can indeed deliver the negative
confession. The reason is clear, it is not him, but him in Osiris that is
delivering the negative confession. The candidate in the Hall of Truth is
redeemed by his unification with Osiris.This unification in the Morning
Star system takes place in the grade of 5=6, Adeptus Minor. Of the
details I can speak no more.
In the Hall of the Neophyte it is the Hierophant who sits in the Osirisian
position on the path of Samekh outside of Tiphareth. Osiris is the one in
the Hall of the Neophyte who confirms the initiation on the new
candidate. This is done after the candidate has taken the oath and is
placed in the northwest part of the hall.
"I am the only being in an abyss of Darkness. From an abyss of
Darkness came I forth ere my birth, from the silence of a primal sleep.
And the voice of ages said unto my soul, 'I am he who formulates in
Darkness, the Light that shineth in the Darkness, yet the Darkness
comprehendeth it not.' Let the mystical circumambulation take place
onto the Path of Darkness that leadeth unto Light with the Lamp of
Hidden Knowledge to guide the way."
On the whole the ancient Egyptians seem to have been accomplished
farmers, and they were certainly lucky with their system of irrigation
which prevented the Stalinization of the soil which other cultures
relying on artificial irrigation suffered from. Diodorus Siculus, a Roman
historian writing during the first century BCE, had a high opinion of
the agricultural expertise of the Egyptians.

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