Sociolinguistic and Linguistic Differences

Sociolinguistic and Linguistics are 2 different disciplines. A sosiolinguist basically different from the linguist. It could be a sosiolinguist doubles as a Linguist. But to be sosiolinguist not have to first become a linguist. What distinguishes the sociolinguistic and linguistic factors field study of their respective disciplines. Linguistics: just examine the languages of the reality structure, only to see language as a structure patterned. So Linguistics remove language from the social context. Linguist is a task, generate rules of language. Sociolinguistic: to see the events in relation to language and cultural life of the user community. A Sosiolinguist see far into the events of language (speech act) that. He studied how the rules of the language to grow and function in society. A Sosiolinguist always curious to see the fact that the language of eklompok different social groups have ways of expressing the same thought or language. The review of the symptoms had established a presumption in sociolinguistics that speech is a social behavior. Thus, studying the same language by studying the behavior of individuals within a social context. When studying the language discussed without linking it with the community, as well as by studying the behavior of the community regardless of the relationship between the individuals in it. This can result in: a person will not find the social reality of the use of the language. As we all know, language is also one alternative in the identification of social groups. It was clear and was generally known the difference between sociolinguistics and Linguistics. However not all take it for granted that distinction. Since language is a form of social behavior, which is only used to communicate will also have socio-cultural functions. Therefore, assessment of language should not only focused on the structure of language, regardless of human language and their culture tells people where he is. So all activities listed for review of the language fitting of Linguistics.

The Difference Between Speech and Language

The difference between "speech" and "language" has been a confusing point for many people. I have been called a Speech Therapist, Speech Teacher, Teacher, or Speech-Language Pathologist depending on who is saying it. Some people think I teach others how to give speeches, some think I teach kids how to speak and some think I am an English or reading teacher. One of the biggest confusions in public schools is when kids "go to speech" but we work completely on language goals. Some kids, as well as teachers and other adults, are confused by this contradiction. To alleviate this confusion just a bit, I will provide some definitions and explanation to help differentiate. This is just the quick explanation.

SPEECH (ARTICULATION): In the context of my profession, speech is the physical process by which we verbalize language. It is a method of communication that uses voice and coordinated movements of the speech articulators (tongue, lips, jaw, teeth etc.). When I am addressing "speech" in therapy, I am working on the person's ability to have adequate strength and coordination of the speech musculature through oral-motor exercises. I am working on teaching them correct articulation or placement of articulators for production of specific consonant and vowel sounds. For example, when a child produces an "f" instead of a "th" sound I first make them aware that they need to place their tongue between their top and bottom teeth, and blow gently rather than gently biting their bottom lip with their top teeth for making an "f." Once they learn the correct placement, we practice the sound alone, then we practice it at the syllable level, we practice it in all positions of short words, we progress to multi-syllable words, then phrases, sentences, and finally conversation. It is a lengthy process to correct an error sound because there is conscious effort needed on the person's part. Eventually, with practice, there is muscle memory and a change from voluntary concentration on the sound to an involuntary carry over of correct production to all contexts. It can be compared to anyone attempting to change a habit. LANGUAGE: The understanding and use of our language is the focus of language therapy. A few of the things I might address are concepts, grammar, use of language in social settings (pragmatics), morphology (plural markers, possessive markers, irregular verb tense...), word finding, vocabulary, synonyms, homonyms, and written expression. This is not a complete list, but it gives you an idea of the category. When children are evaluated for their language abilities, there are assessments done in receptive and expressive language areas separately. Children generally have better receptive skills than expressive skills since they can understand things before they can express the same things. Testing for specific areas of weakness helps to guide the development of goals for each child. Receptive Language: The general definition of receptive language is the processing and understanding of language. Expressive Language: Expressive language is the use of the language. This can be in any form such as oral or written.
Speech community is a group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language. Speech communities can be members of a profession with a specialized jargon, distinct social groups like high school students or hip hop fans (see also African American Vernacular English), or even tight-knit groups like families and friends. In addition, online and other mediated communities, such as many internet forums, often constitute speech communities. Members of speech communities will often develop slang or jargon to serve the group's special purposes and priorities. However, the relative importance and exact definitions of these also vary. Some would argue that a speech community must be a 'real' community, i.e. a group of people living in the same location (such as a city or a neighborhood), while more recent thinking proposes that all people are indeed part of several

communities (through home location, occupation, gender, class, religious belonging, and more), and that they are thus also part of simultaneous speech communities.

Community language
Community Languages are languages spoken by members of minority groups or communities within a majority language context. Some of these are languages which have been used for hundreds of years in Britain, others are of more recent origin. There is, in fact, no precise information available about how many such languages are currently in use in the country as a whole. However, a recent survey carried out in London has identified some 307 languages, 20 of which have over 2000 speakers. And the others definition is The Community Language Learning is the method which are use by the teachers to consider their students as whole persons . Whole persons means that teachers consider not only their students intellect, but also have some understanding of the relationship among students feelings, physical reactions, instinctive protective reactions, and desire to learn. The teachers who use this method want their students to learn how to use the target language communicatively. They focuses not only on the language but also on the being supportive of learners in their learning process. In the class, the teachers become counselor. It is doesn t mean the teachers trained their students in psychology. In this method, the teachers use tape-recorded, transcription, reflection on experience, reflective listening, human computer, and small group tasks to see our whole persons . With use tape-recorded, they can learn about conversation easily. The teacher give them some chunks on the transcript, they must repeat it with her. In this method, the teachers use small groups to help the students can get more practice with the target language and allow them to get to know each other better.

Dialect and register differences

A dialect is a variety of language used by different speech communities. A register is a variety of language associated with people's occupation. Register is to do with variation in language use connected with topic matter. "One's dialect shows who (or what) he/she is, while one's register shows what he/she is doing" However, the way I understand it: Register has to do with the formality of the speech. Certain things one says are very formal. Others are very familiar. Dialect is completely independent from this. Dialect refers almost to a "language within a language". It can refer to separate ethnic groups or cultural groups. Dialects should be mutually intelligible to those who speak the prestige dialect, even if the prestige speakers don't consider the dialect to be "proper" speech.

But within any given dialect, there will be registers. There are ways you would address your grandmother, your mother, and important people within your community. This will cause you to change your register so that you put your "best linguistic foot forward" so to speak.

Code switching and code mixing differences

CODE-MIXING AND CODE-SWITCHING. Terms in SOCIOLINGUISTICS for language and especially speech that draws to differing extents on at least two languages combined in different ways, as when a Malay/English bilingual says: This morning I hantar my baby tu dekat babysitter tu lah (hantar took, tu dekat to the, lah a particle marking solidarity). A code may be a language or a variety or style of a language; the term codemixing emphasizes hybridization, and the term code-switching emphasizes movement from one language to another. Mixing and switching probably occur to some extent in the speech of all bilinguals, so that there is a sense in which a person capable of using two languages, A and B, has three systems available for use: A, B, and C (a range of hybrid forms that can be used with comparable bilinguals but not with monolingual speakers of A or B). There are four major types of switching: (1) Tag-switching, in which tags and certain set phrases in one language are inserted into an utterance otherwise in another, as when a Panjabi/English bilingual says: It's a nice day, hana? (hai n isn't it). (2) Intra-sentential switching, in which switches occur within a clause or sentence boundary, as when a Yoruba/English bilingual says: Won o arrest a single person (won o they did not). (3) Intersentential switching, in which a change of language occurs at a clause or sentence boundary, where each clause or sentence is in one language or the other, as when a Spanish/English bilingual says: Sometimes I'll start a sentence in English y termino en espaol (and finish it in Spanish). This last may also occur as speakers take turns. (4) Intra-word switching, in which a change occurs within a word boundary, such as in shopp (English shop with the Panjabi plural ending) or kuenjoy (English enjoy with the Swahili prefix ku, meaning to ).

Definition the isogloss

An `isogloss` is the geographical boundary of a certain linguistic feature, e.g. the pronunciation of a vowel, the meaning of a word, or use of some syntactic feature. Major dialects are typically demarcated by whole bundles of isoglosses