INTGLOS

Introduction to Global Society

4. Quest for Hegemony and World War I

EUROPE BEFORE THE TREATY OF

VERSAILLES

THE TR EATY OF

VERSAILLES

FINANC IA

WAR GU ILT CLAU SE LEAGUE OF NATION S TERRITO RIES MILITAR Y

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES:

THE ECONOMIC AND REPARATIONS CLAUSE AND ITS IMPACT TO THE POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE 1920S

THE ECONOMIC AND

REPARATIONS CLAUSE

EATY TR

VER OF

S ILLE SA

ARTICLE 232

into er taking quate, aft make t ade ny are no sent Treaty, to of Germa re sources s of the p that the re provision gnize other ents reco sult from Governm rces which will re ciated and Asso s of such resou he Allied on T t diminuti age. ermanen p and dam account such loss for all paration mplete re co

nts, overnme ed G Associat ake and he Allied she will m f the T , that no dertakes populatio any un ilian erm riod re, and G ge done to the civ erty during the pe t equi ins ma rop owever, r h for all da ower aga in to their p tion and ed P nd Associat ompensa sociated Powers c the air, a llied or As from an A llied and each as sea and A , by cy of s, in ndertake n by land l hereto. elligeren eb ssio ermany u e Treaty of gre of th lgium, G of th la ti n r B y such ag in Anneox plete restoranoeqfoencee of the vioovtionments up to ed en, as to c m ny b ern defin g o s u Germa h r, ocia magenyasledges, already thiv Part provided fom aseaAcllied and Ashssumte.dTGis amountesaasllpbeial h l all daith Germa 's p elsewhere in is borrowed fro th num on suc s hwith to mak ec generacordance w an ium has ) per an damage pon fort

u r erm elg In ac r cent (5% kes there nsation fo all sums which B n of the G etermined of five pe ernment underta e compe f the optio to th nt o e rate ll be d or, at addition burseme rest at th an Gov onds sha 1, 1926, to take make reim together with inte the Germ of such b ich has authority , on May s gold n, and e form 839, to 1 8, g, th , wh missio in mark r 11, 191 e foregoin tion Commission tion Com payable Novembe ra e Repara bject to th t amount len y th epa . Su

ion mpensat co er o r w h i ch by an Int a ma g e f ed ed determin the abov s i isn ommietosTo unt of hall be s r to V C The amo Germany epaexastiIIon II inclusive her . h R by callehdrethder and in Ann e be made . The is to to bee set forth e un e be heard ity to ss n, opportun ommrim anido ith the pow rs nt adjust w rnme an Gove AlliedtuCd in the fo f damage the Germ to e to ti te s and giv and cons e a mo u n the claim th ider the hall cons sion as to d and notified to mission s Com mis nting the the Com of n cl u d e s represe o 2 ,a me findings shall be c fore May 1, 19a s1 edule of payirty ntsars ch ove ye ab up f th dr r e er e lan fined as on omisbion shall concurrrenotlbyligaawn within a rpobiogdaoons, any baars,ce de tio mentThe Com s ing the enti li ti ern n t ye ge h . an Grovnt's obligationscuring and discharg , Germany fails to discrhsaerttleme nt in subsaecquedance with m e Gerof that Gove nme nner for se cor fo entioned ostponed m , acting in p
nts ma be riod extent overnme mission, time and in the pe ociated G ibing the . If, however, with retion of the Com Ass prescr disc 921 llied and . May 1, 1 r as the A , shall determine within the y, ne from uch man esent Treaty npaid ma gu in s remainin otherwise the pr

EATY TR

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ARTICLE 233

TIONS OF REPARA TOTAL SUM

$ 64 billion

THE BIG THREE: COMMON INTEREST OR COMPROMISE?

USA
- focused on Fourteen Points of Wilson - believed that Germany should be punished but in a way that would lead to European reconciliation as opposed to revenge - a growing desire for the government not to intervene and leave Europe to its own devices

AN C E FR
- wanted destruction of German economy, beneficial for their trade and economy - Carthaginian Peace is inevitable - France wanted to "set the clock back"

France

BRITAIN REAT G
- concerned with extra-European empire - believed that the Treaty of Versailles is too harsh for Germans - wanted the German economy to recover - wanted Germany to be a barrier against the Soviets

France

THE GERMAN

REACTION

MANY GER
- didn't want Carthaginian Peace - Treaty of Versailles is too harsh for them - German people don't believe that they lost the war - "stab-in-the-back legend - period of isolation of Germany, excluded in international politics - lost her sources of raw materials, colonies were taken away

France

IMPACT IN THE 1920S

Allied WERS ALLIED POPowers THE

- ideological rift between France and Great Britain - isolationist policy of the United States

MANY GER
- impossibility to pay the reparations - growth of nationalist sentiment of the Germans

REPARATIONS

BITTERNESS OF THE GERMANS

"I am going to fulfill the vow I made to myself five years ago when I was a blind cripple in the military hospital - to know neither rest nor peace until the November criminals had been overthrown, until on the ruins of the wretched Germany of today there should have arisen once more a Germany of power and greatness, of freedom and splendor."

REPARATIONS

GERMAN BITTERNESS 1920: 25 POINTS 1921 JULY: RESIGNATION

ADOLF HITLER

1923 NOVEMBER: COUP DETAT

1923 JULY: HYPERINFLATION

1924 APRIL: IMPRISONED 1919: JOINED THE GERMAN WORKER S PARTY 1929: THE GREAT DEPRESSION

1924 DECEMBER: FREED

1926: THOUGHT OF LEADING THE NAZI PARTY AGAIN

THE TIME HAS COME

"A fire was kindled from whose flame one day the sword must come which would regain freedom for the Germanic Siegfried and life for the German nation.