WELL CONTROL

Equations Charts & Tables

WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS 1. Pressure (psi) Force (lb) = psi Area (in 2 ) 2. Pressure Gradient (psi/ft)
P. G. ( psi ) = 0.052 Mud Weigh t (ppg) ft

3.

Hydrostatic Pressure (psi) a. H. P. (psi) = 0.052 Mud Weigh t (ppg) True Vert ical Depth , TVD (ft) b. Mud Weight (ppg) =
Hydrostati c Pressure (psi) 0.052 True Vert ical Depth , TVD (ft) Hydrostati c Pressure (psi) 0.052 Mud Weigh t (ppg)

c. True Verti cal Depth, TVD (ft) = 4. Equivalent Density (ppg)

Eq. Density ( ppg) =

Pressure (psi) 0.052 TVD (ft)

5.

Formation Pressure (psi)

Formation Pressure ( psi) = Hydrostat ic Pressur e in Drill Pipe (psi ) + SIDPP (ps i)

assuming shut-in well with BHP equalized with formation pressure 6. Density to Balance Formation (ppg)
Kill Mud W eight, KMW (ppg) SIDPP (psi ) 0.052 TVD (ft) =

+ Original Mud Weight

(ppg)

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Revised 6/11/11

WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS 7. Equivalent Mud Weight, EMW (ppg)

EMW(ppg) = Leak - Off Pressu re (psi) + Leak - Off Mud Wt (ppg) 0.052 Casing Sh oe TVD (ft )

8.

Maximum Allowable Surface Pressure, MASP (psi)

MASP(psi) = Casing In ternal Yie ld (psi) .80 (safe ty factor)

Based on Casing Burst.

9.

Maximum Initial Shut-In Casing Pressure, MISICP (psi) Upon initial closure only--Based on formation breakdown @ shoe. For IWCF, written as initial MAASP.
M ISICP(psi ) =

[ EMW(ppg)

- Present M ud W (ppg t

)] 0.052

Shoe TVD (

ft)

10.

Initial Circulating Pressure (psi)

ICP (psi)

ENGINEER'S & DRILLER'S METHODS.

= SIDPP(psi ) + Slow Pump Rate Pres sure, SPRP (psi )

11.

Final Circulating Pressure (psi)

FCP(psi) = SPRP (psi )

ENGINEER'S METHOD.

Kill Mud W t (ppg) Original M ud Wt (ppg )

12.

Equivalent Circulating Density, ECD (ppg)

ECD(psi) = Annular Pr essure Los s (psi) + Mud Wt (p pg) 0.052 TVD Bit ( ft)

13.

Gas Pressure and Volume Relationship -- Boyle's Law P1V1 = P 2 V 2

P1V1 V2

The Pressure (psi) of a gas bubble times its Volume (bbl) in one part of the hole equals its Pressure times its Volume in another. Disregards effects of Temperature (T) and gas compressibility (z) or
V2 = P1V1 P2

P2 =

14.

Pump Output (bbl/min)

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Revised 6/11/11

WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS

Pump Outpu t(bbl / min) =

bbl strokes stroke min

15.

100% Triplex Pump Output (bbl/stroke)

Pump Output(bbl / stk) =

[ Liner ID (in)]
1029

Stroke Length (in) 3 12

16.

Surface To Bit Strokes (strokes)

Strokes = Drill String Internal Volume (bbl) bbl / stroke

17.

Circulating Time (min)

Min = Volume (bb l) Pump Outpu t (bbl / min)

18.

Open Hole Capacity Factor (bbl/ft)

Capacity(b bl / ft)

[ Open Hole Diameter ( in)] =

1029

19.

Pipe Capacity Factor (bbl/ft)

Capacity(b bl / ft) =

[ Pipe Insid e Diameter ( in )]

1029

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WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS 20. Annulus Capacity Factor, ACF (bbl/ft)

Capacity(b bl / ft) =

[ Open Hole

Diameter ( in) ]

- [ Pipe Outsi de Diamete r (in) ] 1029

or

Capacity(b bl / ft) =

[ Casing Ins

ide Diamet er (in) ]

- [ Pipe Outsi de Diamete r (in) ] 1029

2

21.

Pipe Displacement (bbl/ft)

Disregarding tool joints.

- [ Pipe Insid e Diameter (in) ] 1029
2 2

Displaceme nt(bbl / ft) =

[ Pipe Outsi de Diamete r (in) ]

22.

Total Pipe Displacement Including Capacity (bbl/ft)

Displaceme nt(bbl / ft) =

Disregarding tool joints.

2

[ Pipe Outsi de Diamete r (in) ]

1029

23.

Height of Influx (ft)

Height(ft) = Pit Gain ( bbl) Annulus Ca pacity Fac tor (bbl / ft)

24. 25.

Pressure Gradient of Influx (psi/ft)

Bit on bottom.

SICP (psi) - SIDPP (ps i) Influx Gra dient(psi / ft) = Pressure Gradient o f Mud (psi / ft) - Height of Influx (ft )

26.

Rate of Kick Rise (ft/hr)

Well Shut-In.

Change in SICP (psi) R. O. R. (ft / hr) = 0.052 Mud Wt (p pg) Elapsed T ime for Ch ange in SI CP (hr)

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Revised 6/11/11

WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS 27. Weight per Foot of Drill Collars (lb/ft)
lbs / ft = 2.67 [ O (in) ] ID(in) D [
2

]2)

28.

Force (lb)
Force(lbs) = Pressure (psi) Area (in 2 )

29.

Area (in2)
[ Diameter (in)] Area(in ) = , 3.142 4
2 2

30.

Degrees API (@ 60oF)

O

API =

141. 5 - 131. 5 Specific Gravity

31.

Specific Gravity (@ 60oF) Specific Gravity =

O

141. 5 API + 131. 5

32.

Mud Weight from Specific Gravity (ppg)

Mud Weight (ppg) = Specific G ravity 8.33 ppg

(Fresh Water weighs 8.33 ppg)

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Revised 6/11/11

WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS 33. Hang Off Weight (lb) Weight of Block + Kelly Weight + Weight of Compensator + Air Weight of Drill Pipe (KB to Hang - Off Ram) + 10, 000 lbs Weight on Indicator after hangoff (lb) 34. Barite Requirement For Weight-up (100 lb sxs)
15 Increase in MW Barite (sxs) = Volume to weight up (bbls) 35.0 - KWM

35.

Cutting Back or Weighting Up One Fluid with Another to Obtain Desired Fluid Density

Volume ofMixing Flu to Add (bbls) = id luid Wt (ppg) Desired Fl id Wt (pp u g) Starting F Vol of Starting Fluid (bbls) u g) id ) Desired Fl id Wt (pp Mixing Flu Wt (ppg
36. Final Density of a Mixture of Fluids, (ppg)

Final Flui Wt (ppg)= d

[ Fluid Wt 1(ppg) Volume Fluid 1 (gals)] + [ Fluid Wt 2(ppg) Volume Fluid 2 (gals)]
Volume Flu 1 (gals) + Volume Flu 2 (gals) id id
37. Final Density of a Mixture of a Fluid and a Solid, (ppg)

Final Fluid Density (ppg) =

[ Fluid Density (ppg) Volume Fluid (gals)] + Weight of Solid Added (lb)
Weight of Solid Added (lb) Volume Fluid (gals) + True Density of Solid (ppg)

38.

Weight of Solid to Add to a Fluid to Obtain Desired Fluid Weight, (lb)

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Revised 6/11/11

WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS

W eig h t o fo lid to d d (lb )= S A V o lu m e o fta r tin glu id (g a)ls T r u e D en si o f S odli(p p g ) S F ty D e sir ed u id W t (p p S ta r tin glu id W t p g ) Fl g) F (p ty Fl g ) T r u e D e n si o f S odli(p p g ) D e sire d u id W t (p p

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WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS VOLUMETRIC CONTROL EQUATIONS 39. Pressure Increment, PI (psi)
PI = Safety Fac (psi) tor = psi 3

40.

Fluid Increment, MI (bbl) MI = PI (psi) Annulus Capacity Factor (bbl / ft) = bbl 0. 052 Mud Wt (ppg) See Equation 25 above.
= ft hr

41.

Rate of Bubble Rise, ROR (ft/hr)

ROR =

Change in Casing Pre ssure (psi ) 0.052 Mud Wt (p pg) Elapsed T ime for Ch ange (hr)

42.

Time to Bubble Penetration, BPT (hr)

BPT = Depth of B ubble (ft) - Depth of Bit (ft) = hr ROR (ft / hr) + Stripping Speed (ft / hr)

LUBRICATE AND BLEED 43. Pressure that can be bled off after lubricating in a given volume of fluid, (psi)
Volume Lub ricated (b bl) 0.052 Fluid Wt (ppg) = psi Capacity F actor (bbl / ft)

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WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS

STRIPPING AND SNUBBING EQUATIONS

STRIPPING
[ OD (in) ] 4
2

44.

Pressure-Area Force, Fp (lb)

Fp =

Well Head Pressure ( psi)

45.

Buoyed Weight of Tubulars, W (lb)

65 .4 Mud Wt (ppg) W = WAIR (lb) 65 .4

46. 47.

Barrels to Bleed per Stand, (bbls/stand) Volumetric Control Considerations

[ OD (in) ] 2 BBL / Stand =

1029

Stand Leng th (ft)

Pressure Increment, PI (psi) Fluid Increment, MI (bbl)

See Equation 37 above. See Equation 38 above.

Surface Pressure Increase due to Penetration of the Bubble, SPINCR (psi)

( L K ( DP OH ) L K ( OH ) ) ( PG MUD PG GAS ) = psi

Open Hole Kick Length, LK(OH) (ft)
L K ( OH ) = Kick Volum e at penetration (bbl) ACFOH (bbl / ft)

DP by Hole Kick Length, LK(DP OH) (ft)

L K ( DP OH ) = Kick Volume at penetration (bbl) ACFDP OH (bbl / ft)

Rate of Bubble Rise, ROR (ft/hr) Time of Bubble Penetration, BPT (hrs)

See Equation 40 above. See Equation 41 above.

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WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS SNUBBING 48. 49. Snub Force, SF (lb) Neutral Point
SF = Fp + Friction F orce W

SF = 0;

Fp = W

50.

Effective String Weight, WE (lb/ft)

WE (lb / ft) =

W (lb) L (ft)

51. a)

Calculating Effective String Weight and Change in Effective String Weight after Filling Effective String Weight with no fluid in the workstring:

WE (E ffectivS trin g W lb/ ft) = e , t

A ir W t (lb / ft)

[ O D(in ])2

F lu id W tE L L(p p g) W 2 45 .

Note that WE and Air Wt both have units of lb/ft. For example, the air weight of 2-7/8 tubing normally would be 6.5 lb/ft. b) Increase in the Effective String Weight after the pipe is filled with the same Fluid Weight that is in the well:
WE (lb / ft) =

[ ID ( in)] 2

Fluid WtWELL (ppg) 24.5

c)

Increase in the Effective String Weight after the pipe is filled with a different Fluid Weight than the Fluid Weight that is in the well:
WE (lb / ft) =

[ ID ( in)] 2

Fluid WtFILL (ppg) 24.5

d)

After filling the pipe, the Effective String Weight will be:

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Revised 6/11/11

WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS

WE (AFTER F ILLING) (lb / ft) = WE + WE

= Air Wt (lb / ft)

[ OD (in) ]

Fluid Wt WELL (ppg) [ ID (in) ] Fluid Wt FILL (ppg) + 24.5 24.5

2

In this case, note that Fluid WtFILL in the last term above will be Fluid WtWELL if filled with the same fluid. NOTE: This the GENERAL EQUATION for the Effective Buoyed Weight of the String. It works regardless of the fluid that is inside or outside the pipe. If the fluid is gas at fairly low pressure, use 0 lbs/gal for the fluid wt. 52. Predicting the Neutral Point Combining Equations 47 and 48 above gives an equation for the length L (ft) of pipe that must be run into the well to reach the Neutral Point:

Fp (lb )= W (lb) L (ft) = Fp (lb) WE (lb/ ft)

an d

WE (lb/ ft) =

W (lb ) L (ft)

a)

The Neutral Point occurs in unfilled pipe when the length of pipe run into the well is:
L (ft) = AIR Wt (lb/ ft)

[ OD (in)]

Fp (lb)
2

Fluid WtWELL (ppg) 245 .

b)

The Neutral Point occurs in filled pipe when the length of pipe run into the well is:

L (ft) = AIR W t (lb ft) /

[ O D (in)2 ]

Fluid W W ELL(ppg) [ ID (in) Fluid WFILL (ppg) t t ] + 245 . 245 .

2

Fp (lb)

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Revised 6/11/11

WELL CONTROL EQUATIONS Accumulator Sizing 52. Bottle Capacity Required (gals)
Bottle Vol ume (gals) = Volume Flu id Require d(gals) Precharge Pressure Precharge Pressure Minimum Op erating Pr essure Maximum Op erating Pr essure

53.

Volume Useable Fluid Available (gals)

Volume Use able Fluid (gals) Precharge Pressure Precharge Pressure = Bottle Vol ume (gals) Maximum Op erating Pr essure Minimum Op erating Pr essure

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Revised 6/11/11