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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 3 GOI-UN JOINT PROGRAM ON CONVERGENCE ________________________________ ___________ 3 Box 2 ________________________________ ________________________________ __________ 3 Box 1 ________________________________ ________________________________ __________ 3 TRACING THE HISTORY OF INSTITUTIONALIZING GENDER ________________________________ 4 ___ ALL ABOUT THE STUDY ________________________________ ________________________________5 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY________________________________ ______________________________5 METHODOLOGY________________________________ ________________________________ ______ 5 THE PROGRAM MPLAD ________________________________ ______________________________6 BACKGROUND OF SCHEME ________________________________ __________________________ 6 PROVISIONS UNDER THE SCHEME ________________________________ _____________________ 6 WORKS PROHIBITED UNDER MPLAD ________________________________ ___________________ 7 GENDER ISSUE IN GUIDELINE ________________________________ ___________________________ 8 OVERVIEW OF GAYA DISTRICT ________________________________ __________________________ 8 MAJOR FINDINGS ________________________________ ________________________________ ____ 9 FUND DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE SCHEME ________________________________ _____________ 10 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS ________________________________ ____________________________ 11 Works Cited ________________________________ ________________________________ ________ 12
INTRODUCTION
This report presents the findings of an analysis of MPLAD interventions from the point of view of gender equality. In spite of the limited time span, the Given the limitations, the findings presented here are by no means conclusive. Instead, they may be treated as pointers, as unheard voices that need to be heardand acted upon. The hopes that the study will usher in a process of enquiry in terms of integrating gender: in the Program Implementation.
Box 2
11th Plan
GDP growth rate Agric ltural growth rate New work opportunities Poverty ratio Dropout rate in ele entary schools Literacy rate Gender gap in literacy rate Infant mortality rate (IMR) Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Child malnutrition Anaemia among women and girls Sex-ratio
Box 1
These gender budget statements covered allocations that were 100% targeted at women and girls and those where at least 30% of the funds were targeted at women and girls. The suggest strategies under 11th Five year plan are as follows measurement of development has to go beyond achievement of GDP growth to indicators of distributive justice and their monitoring. Women headed households have to be specifically targeted, identifying added disadvantages in the rural and urban locations with reference to different parameters of deprivation. Formulation of Gender Development Indicators to measure human Development and their use as a tool for monitoring development needs to be hastened. Out of 13 key monitoring indicators 5 are directly related to women. These are Gender gap in literacy rate, maternal mortality ratio (MMR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR), Anaemia among women and girls and Sex-ratio.
METHODOLOGY
The analysis of the MPLAD scheme was carried our using studied adopting methodology of Data analysis and validation, qualitative research, concerns, challenges. The study is based on the data given by competent authority of MPLAD and guideline of Member of Parliament Local area development scheme, Government of India. (MPLAD Guideline, 2009) Several documents of Government of India, Ministry of Women and Child and UN agencies were referred for this analysis to give a natural view. The scheme details were categorized broadly into eight categories to see how the schemes were selected and how much resource is allocated to each category. And whether the
schemes which were selected during last 5 financial years are sensitive to womens need or are gender natural.
BACKGROUND OF SCHEME
The general public approach Members of Parliament (MPs) for provision of certain basic facilities including community infrastructure in their areas. Government of India considered the need for a mechanism to respond to such requests and decided to have a scheme to meet the felt needs of the people. On 23rd December 1993 Prime Minister announced in the Parliament the Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS). Initially the MPLADS was under the control of the Ministry of Rural Development. The Guidelines were issued in February 1994, covering the concept, implementation and monitoring of the Scheme. The subject relating to the MPLADS was transferred to the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation in October 1994. The Guidelines were periodically updated in December 1994, February 1997, September 1999, 2002 and lastly in November 2005. The objective of the scheme is to enable MPs to recommend works of developmental nature with emphasis on the creation of durable community assets based on the locally felt needs to be taken up in their Constituencies. Right from inception of the Scheme, durable assets of national priorities viz. drinking water, primary education, public health, sanitation and roads, etc. are being created. In 1993-94, when the Scheme was launched, an amount of Rs. 5 lakh per Member of Parliament was allotted which became Rupees one crore per annum from 1994-95 per MP constituency. This was stepped up to Rs. 2 crore from 1998-99.
There is a greater need to develop areas inhabited by Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs). It is necessary that special attention is given for infrastructural development of such areas. The MPs are to recommend every year such works costing at least 15% of MPLADS fund for areas inhabited by Scheduled Caste population and 7.5% for areas inhabited by Scheduled Tribe population. In other words, permissible works costing not less than Rs. 30 lakh out of the annual allocation of Rs. 2 crore per MP shall be recommended for areas inhabited by SC population and Rs. 15 lakh for areas inhabited by ST population. In case, a constituency does not have ST inhabited area, such fund may be utilized in SC inhabited areas and vice-versa. It shall be the responsibility of the District Authority to enforce this provision of the Guidelines. MPLAD Scheme can be converged with the Central and State Government schemes provided such works are eligible under MPLADS. Funds from local bodies can also be pooled for MPLADS works. Wherever such pooling is done, funds from other scheme sources should be used first and the MPLADS funds should be released later, so that MPLADS fund results in completion of the work. The MPs concerned can recommend the use of MPLADS funds towards the State Government share in a Centrally Sponsored Scheme being implemented in their constituencies, provided the works under the Centrally Sponsored Scheme are permissible under MPLADS. Public and community contribution to the works recommended by MPs is permissible. In such cases, MPLADS funds will be limited to the estimated amount minus the public and community contribution. As per the provisions of the Right to Information Act, 2005 and the Rules framed there under, all citizens have the right to information on any aspect of the MPLAD Scheme and the works recommended/ sanctioned/ executed under it. This may include any information on works recommended by the MPs, works sanctioned/ not sanctioned, cost of works sanctioned, Implementing Agencies, quality of work completed, Users Agency etc. The District Authorities are responsible to provide such information to the public in the manner as required under the Right to Information Act 2005.
Office and residential buildings belonging to Central, and State Governments, their Departments, Government Agencies/ Organizations and Public Sector Undertakings. Office and residential buildings, and other works belonging to private, cooperative and commercial organizations. All works involving commercial establishments/units. All maintenance works of any type. All renovation, and repair works except heritage and archeological monuments and buildings with specific permission available from the Archeological Survey of India. Grants and loans, contribution to any Central and State/UT Relief Funds. Assets to be named after any person. Purchase of all movable items except vehicles, earth movers, and equipments meant for hospital, educational, sports, drinking water and sanitation purposes
belonging to Central, State, UT and Local Self Governments. (This will be subject to 10% of the Capital Cost of the work for which such items are proposed) Acquisition of land or any compensation for land acquired. Reimbursement of any type of completed or partly completed works or items. Assets for individual/family benefits. All revenue and recurring expenditure. Works within the places of religious worship and on land belonging to or owned by religious faith/group.
slightly increased from 922 (1991 census) to 938 (2001 census) but it is having declining trend in last century. 29 percent comprise of SC population and only less than percent is ST population. Gender gap in literacy is 26.6 points.
The district level health survey (DLHS-3, 2008) data also shows that early marriage is 50.4 percent in Gaya district. 22 percent of respondents have Access to toilet facility. Only 20.7 percent women have gone for Institutional delivery which is 15.2 percent in rural area.
P Y pP d Y @ @ @ X P 9 Y Q G F @ a Pb IG A Q ` F EE X U W S VSSR
0 2 '$ ' '' $ ' ( 6 # 5 '' 5 % $ ' $ ( 0 $' 4 ' '$ '' $ 3 ( 0 ' ' '$ ' ' 2 & ' 1 0 '$ ' ( ( ' $' ' $' 0 ' $ ( ( 0 ' $ $ ) $ ' '$ ( ( ' % $ & #" !
MAJ
We e o ie e e i i ie we e e i e o Co i i i e O e w few
FINDINGS
1901
1037
1911
1035
1003
1921
1931
1001
of e e e wi e o ize iz Co e i i io D i i i e ief o
1941 1001 1951 995 1961
996
e fo o i Ro Co e i i w e A i e e i i i i i
1971 961 1981 966 1991
922
2001
938
A e o e e i
Drinking Wat r
C nn tivity R a
the year Thi hart early how the ele tio of he e e tor wi e D ri erio total he e were re o e e y o t of whi h erce t i for CC roads. If we club this with illage road .5%) and bridges .5%) the share increases to 58 ercent. econd big ie %) is for sanitation in this category ost of the che es were for drainage with CC road or other type of Roads. Only a few sche es were selected where e clusi e drainage work was done. e t to this, percent in the abo e pie, ostly for the ring boring and drinking water, this is other type of andpumps. Out of andpumps ot e en a single hand pump was gi en in the name of Anganwari centers/ ealth ub centers. where in aya district AWCs are there. Well, this percent schemes are directly contributing to the ender component depending on the location of these handpumps. In community hall %) it is usually made in the anchayats land, out of the illage where women hardly go for anything. This needs to be looked into for ideal location so that women can use these places for their meeting or other gatherings. O erall the number of schemes for sustainable li elihoods such as irrigation schemes for agriculture is only .5% which shows the lack of informed choices.
v r u d d s r t v v d
s u x w r y
r q
v x u vv s v u sr s
s r
C mmunity ha
p
C nn tivity Bri g
w y xw p r
Oth r
Sanitati n
Agri u tur
u t qs t
s r
Community ha 8%
Oth r 4%
Drinking Wat r 2%
This chart clearly shows that the schemes selected during last five years are not in line of ender responsive budgeting. And hence care should be taken before scheme selection and honorable ember of arliament should be informed and aware on gender related issues.
KE RECOMMENDATIONS
To help the s to prioritize the felt needs of various groups of population, the RIs may be asked to provide a list of works to be recommended to the annually . as RIs represents 50% women this will ensure the gender inclusive planning s so they should be informed about gender issues before making choices for a particular scheme. It is open and only bar a few activities so wide range and issues related to gender should be given in the guideline.
~ ~ ~
Sanitation 18%
Agri u tur 3%
Works Cited
(2009 December). Retrieved from MPLAD Guideline: www.mplads.nic.in DLHS-3. (2008). District Level Health Survey. Ministry of Health and family welfare, Govt. of India. Gender Budgeting Handbook forGovt of India Ministries and Departments . (2007). Ministry of Women and Child, Government of India.