THE CASTLE OF PERSEVERANCE

A modernization by Alexandra F. Johnston Based on an acting edition prepared by David M. Parry

Copyright A.F. Johnston Toronto, 1999

INTRODUCTION
The manuscript of The Castle of Perseverance has been dated from about 1440. This dating makes it the earliest full length vernacular play manuscript to come down to us. All the other major manuscripts have been dated anywhere from 50 to over 150 years after this text. It is now housed in the Folger Shakespeare Library, Washington D.C. The standard text is edited by Mark Eccles in The Macro Plays (Early English Text Society, OS 262, 1969). This modernization is based on an acting edition by the late David Parry (unpublished University of Toronto doctoral dissertation, 1985) which, in its turn, is grounded in a full-length production of the play in Toronto in August, 1979 by the Poculi Ludique Societas. The dialect in which the play is written argues that it comes from East Anglia and the case has been made that it comes from Norfolk. There is external evidence from East Anglia and Essex (a neighbouring county) of a tradition of playmaking that would have fitted with the way this play is written and was performed. We cannot precisely say where the play was produced but we do know that, sometimes, several towns in these counties would band together to put on a long and lavish play like this one, hiring professional players and a professional "director/producer" called a "property player". It has been suggested that, since the sins of the central figure, Mankind, are those of the bourgeois middle class that this play was probably aimed at the wealthy middle class wool merchants who made the fifteenth century a period of great material prosperity in the south eastern counties of England. The manuscript of the play contains a drawing, unique in the surviving evidence of early drama, that seems to provide a staging plan for the performance. Part of the purpose behind the PLS production was to test the viability of the stage drawing. This modernization is, essentially, the text that was used for the production. However, one of the lessons learned in the course of the show was that many of the Latin lines -particularly those that neither scan nor rhyme with the English verses -- are redundant to

the acting text and were probably inserted at some point before the surviving copy was made by someone wishing to use the text, not as a play, but as a meditation text or a tool for learning the basic theological points made by the playwright. Almost all the "glosses" are scriptural verses reinforcing the action. These extraneous lines have been omitted from this text according to Dr Parry's arguments and placed in footnotes. This means that the line numbering of this text and the Eccles text will not match. A second major change from the Eccles text is the numbering separately of the Prologue, Proclamation or Banns. Dr Parry's analysis led him to believe that the Prologue, as it has a been copied into the manuscript, represents the Prologue to another version of this play. The major difference between the Prologue and the text is the omission from the Prologue of any mention of the important scene near the end where the Four Daughters of God debate the merits of the salvation of man's soul. The Prologue implies that Mankind will be saved by the intercession of the Virgin Mary rather than the decision of God based on the arguments of Mercy and Peace. The stage directions in italics are editorial based on our experience in production. Those in ordinary type are in the MS. The modernization is based on the conviction that much of the flavour of the play is carried through the poetry. In the modernization, therefore, we have retained the rhymes wherever possible. From time to time, we found that there was no modern English equivalent that would fit the rhyme and metre. In those cases we have retained the sense of the passage by recasting the stanza. There are two places where there are breaks in the text because leaves have fallen from the manuscript -- one as Mankind enters the Castle and a second just after Mankind's death. Some bridging lines have been provided to cover the first break. These are printed in italics and numbered separately. No attempt has been made to fill in the lacuna near the end. AFJ December 1998

THE BANNS
1 HERALD Glorious God, in all degrees Lord most of might, That heaven and earth made of nought, both sea and land -The angels in heaven to serve him bright, And Mankind in middle-earth he made with his hand -And our lovely Lady, that is a lantern of light, 5 Save our liege lord the king, the leader of this land, And all the nobles of this realm, teach them the right, And all the good commoners of this town that before us stand In this place. In all good faith we gather you, 10 Your generous hearts we crave of you, From every harm Christ save you,

That will know of our case! 2 HERALD The cause of our coming, you to declare, Everyman in himself truly may it find: How Mankind into this world is born full bare And bare shall be buried at his last end. God giveth him to angels, active and alert -The Good Angel and the Bad -- to him does he lend. The Good teaches him goodness; the Bad sin and hurt, When the one has the victory the other goes behind By St. Loy The Good Angel covets ever the more Man's salvation And the Bad attacks him ever to his damnation And God hath given Man freedom of volition Whether he will save himself or his soul destroy. 1 HERALD Destroyed is Man piteously when he to sin assent! The Bad Angel then brings him three enemies so stout: The World, the Fiend, the foul Flesh so elegant, They lead him right lustily with sins all about; Blinded with Pride and Greed, to the World he is driven To maintain his manhood; men to him bend double! After Wrath and Envy, the Fiend hath to him given Backbiting, and Informing with all men to make trouble Full even. But the foul Flesh most familiar of all, Sloth, Lust and Lechery begin to him to call, Gluttony, and other sins both great and small. Thus is Man's soul soiled with sins more than seven. 2 HERALD When Man's soul is soiled with sin to such cost, Then the Good Angel makes much mourning That this lovely likeness of God should be lost Through the Bad Angel's false enticing. He sends to him Conscience clothed full poor, And Clear Confession with Penance-doing. They move Man to amendment that he misdid before. Thus they call him to cleanness and to good living, Without mischance. Meekness, Patience, and Charity, Soberness, Busyness and Chastity, And Generosity, virtues of good degree, Call Man to the Castle of Good Perseverance. 1 HERALD When Mankind has entered the Castle of Perseverance, Well armed with virtues, and overcome all vices, There the Good Angel makes a merry dance, For Mankind has conquered his spiritual enemies. The Bad Angel mourns that he has lost Man; 40 15

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He calls the World, the Fiend and the foul Flesh, And all the Seven Sins to do what they can To bring Mankind again to torment out of bliss With wrong. Pride assails Meekness with all his might; Anger against Patience full fast begins to fight; Envy against Charity strives at the height; But Greediness against Generosity fights overlong. 2 HERALD Greediness ever covets Mankind's fall; indeed, He gathers to him Gluttony against Soberness; Lechery with Chastity fights without heed; And Sloth-in-God's-Service against Busyness. Thus vices against virtues contend with all speed -All struggle to bring Mankind to distress. Unless Penance and Confession with Mankind intercede, The Vices are full likely the Virtues to oppress, Without doubt. Thus, in the Castle of good Perseverance, Mankind is muddled with much variance. The Good Angel and the Bad show opposite stance The Good holds him in, the Bad would bring him out. 1 HERALD When Mankind will not come out of good Perseverance The Bad Angel with Greediness begins him to assail -Finding him in poverty and penance now so numb -And makes him believe in poverty he will fail. Then he offers him goods and gold, so great a sum, If he will wend to the World, wealth to enjoy. The Bad Angel to the World lures him to come, From the Castle of Perseverance to flee, from the joy And Bliss. Then the World begins his goods to restore Had he never so much, yet he would have more -Thus, the Bad Angel teaches him his lore: The more a man ages, the harder he is. 2 HERALD

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Hard is a man in old age and covetous is his kind. When all other sins Man hath forsaken The more gold he has, the more is in his mind To gather and get goods though in evil it's taken. 95 Thus, the Good Angel is left behind, And the Bad Angel takes Man to him, Who tricks him treacherously to his last end, 'Til Death comes right dolefully, and in a ditch drops him Full low. 100 Then is Man on middle-earth vexed in his mind; He sends for his executors, full fickle to find, And his heir afterward comes ever behind -"I Wot Not Who" is his name, a man he does not know.

1 HERALD Man knows now who shall be his heir and govern his goods. 105 He cares more for his chattels than for his cursed sin. The governance of his goods, troubles his mood. He would it were meted out to his near kin. But there shall come a rascally lad with a torn hood -"I Wot Never Who" shall be his name, his clothes be full thin -- 110 He shall inherit the goods, who never was of Man's blood. When all Man's life is shrunk on the point of a pin At the last, When life is to him no longer lent, "Mercy!" he shall call at his last end: 115 "Mercy, God! Be now my friend!" With that, Man's spirit is passed. 2 HERALD When Man's spirit is passed, the Bad Angel so cruel Claims that, for greediness, Man's soul should be his, And bears it boisterously with him to hell. The Good Angel says, "Nay! The spirit shall to bliss, For at his last end, of mercy he did say, And therefore, of mercy shall he nought miss. And our lovely Lady, if she will for him pray, By mercy and mediation in purgatory he is -A bitter place!" Thus his mouth's confession And his heart's contrition Shall save Man from damnation By God's mercy and grace. 1 HERALD Grace, if God will grant us of his great might, On scaffolds with costumes the roles we will play This day sevennight, before you in sight At _____ on the green in richest array. Yea, haste you then, thitherward sirs, in delight, All good neighbours, full specially we you pray; And look that you move quickly, lithely and light, For we shall be ready by three of the day Dear friends, We thank you for all good listening, And of your part in our playing, And pray you prosperous living Until our lives' ends. 2 HERALD As our lives, we love you, thus taking our leave Ye men of ______, may Christ save you all! He maintain your mirth and keep you from grief, That was born of mild Mary in an ox stall. Now, merry be all _______ and well may you thrive, To all our faithful friends may good luck now fall! Yea and welcome be you when you come to see us contrive, 145

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And worthy to be worshipped in bower and in hall, And in every place. Farewell, fair friends Who attention will lend. Christ keep you from fiends. Trump up, let us pace!

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THE PLAY
WORLD Worthy wights in all the world wide, Living by wild woods and in the by way, To his precious prince puffed up in pride Through his proper, plain place give silence and stay. Be ready bold bachelors under my banner to abide 5 Where bright broadswords be battered and backs be played! -Yea, seemly sirs, who sit side by side -For both by sea and by land my boys have I sent. "All-the-World" my name is meant, And all about my rule is blown. 10 In every coast am I known, I make men in madness to moan, Until by my blows they be spent. Assyria, Achaia and Germany, Calvados, Cappadocia and Cananee1, Babylon, Brabant, Burgundy and Brittany, 16 Greece and Gaul and to the Greekish sea; I move also Macedonia by my mighty blow, France and Flanders and Friesland and also Normandy, Pyncecras2, Paris, Pygmyland also; Every town in Thrace bows unto me, 21 Also Rhodes and rich Rome -All these lands of which I tell, Fall under my worldly spell; My treasurer, Sir Greed, right well, 25 Has seized them wholly for me! Therefore, my sport and my glee grow full glad; Is there is any one in this world to refuse my word? Every rich ruler runs as if he were mad, In lust and liking that my laws may be heard. With fair folk in the field freshly am I fed; I dance down like a doe in the darkling dell. Whoever bids to do battle or debate with a blade, Him were better to be hanged high in a corner of hell Or burnt with bright lightning! Whoso speaks against the World, In prison he shall be hurled; My commands are held and heard Unto high heaven! BELIAL (Sitting on his scaffold, with Pride, Wrath, and

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Envy in attendance) Now sit I, Satan, steadfast in my sin, As devil doughty, like a dragon on my sack. I champ and I chew and I thrust out my chin; I am boisterous and bold as Belial the black! The folk that I grasp they gasp and they groan, From Carlisle to Kent, my carping they take! Both the back and the buttocks burst burning unbound, With works of vengeance, them wretched I make: My delight is in woe! In care I am cloyed, And foully annoyed Unless Man be destroyed, And in ditch laid right low. Pride is my prince in pearls bedecked; Wrath, this wretch, with me shall go; Envy into war with me shall I fetch; With these traitors I am fed, in faith am I so As a doughty devil in my den am I set Pride, Wrath, and Envy, I say in my saw, Kings, Kaisers and colonels and many keen knights, These lovely lords have taught them my law -To my den they will draw! But unless Mankind In hell I may bind In pain is my mind Disgrace does it gnaw! On Mankind is my trust in places I know Disguised thus so ghastly, glide I away Through Flanders and Friesland fast can I go Foolish folk in a flock to beat and to flay Where I grope on the ground, grim anger shall grow. Gather you together you boys in this green. On this broad bugle when I blast I shall blow All this world shall run mad , as I mean And to my bidding bend! But now on this side On this bench will I bide, This day, indeed To harm Mankind! FLESH (Sitting on his scaffold, with Gluttony, Lechery and Sloth in attendance) I bide like a broad-bursting gut, above on these towers. Everybody is better that to my bidding bows down. I am Mankind's fair Flesh, fashioned with flowers; My life with lust and lechery abounds. With tapestries of taffeta I trim up my towers; In mirth and in melody my mind is fair drowned. Though I be but base clay buried under bowers, Yet would I that my will in the world were found, Truly, for my part. I love well mine ease -80 40

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In lusts me to please! -Though Sin my soul seize I give not a fart. In Gluttony, gracious now do I grow -Therefore he sits seemly here by my side. In Lechery-and-Liking am I sunk low; And Sloth, my sweet son, is bound to abide. These three are noble, truly I know, Mankind to trap in treachery's tide To get birds in my bower, my blast I will blow, By ways and by woods, through this world wide, The truth to make plain. But if Man's Flesh should thrive Be strong and alive, Down to grief would I dive, And be brought into pain! And after a good feast, in faith, though I fell, Though I dive down to dust, and am dragged in the deep, Though my foolish soul were harried to hell, Whoever will follow me, I know, he shall weep Ever without an end. Behold: the World! the Devil! and me! With all our might, we kings three Night and day, busy we be To destroy Mankind If that we may. Therefore on the hill, Sit you all still, And watch with good will Our rich array! MANKIND (Rising from his bed under the Castle)

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After our fore-father's way, This night I was of my mother born. From my mother I walk, I stray; Full faint and feeble I fare you before. Naked of limb and loin as well -As Mankind is shaped and shorn. I know now whether to go or to dwell, To help myself, midday or morn. For shame I stand and tremble. Born bloody this night in misery. Naked I am, as you may see -Ah, Lord God in Trinity, How Mankind is feeble! Wherefore I was to this world brought, I know not; to woe and weeping I am born, and have right nought To help myself in any doing. I stand bewildered, of thought I am full. Bare and poor is my clothing: A little chrism on my head is all, That I received at my christening.

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I have no more, certainly. Of earth I came, I know that well As earth I stand or fall; Here Mankind is on trial -Lord God I beg thy mercy! (The Good and Bad Angels enter, and stand on either side of Mankind) Two angels are assigned to me. The one teaches me the good -On my right side you may him see -He came from Christ who died on rood. Another is ordained here to be, That is my foe by fen and flood; He is about, in every degree To draw me to these devils mad That crowd together into hell. Two such has every man alive To rule him and his wits five. When man does evil, one would him shrive The other draws him to ill. But, since these angels to me befall, Lord Jesus, from you I seek a boon: That I may follow whate'er befall The angel that came from heaven's throne. Now, Lord Jesus in heaven's hall, Hear when I made my moan! Gracious Christ, to you I call -As feeble spirit, I sight and groan, I think, I am full of thought. Ah, Lord Jesus, whither may I go? A baptism I have, and no more -Alas! Men are troubled with woe, When they are first forth brought. GOOD ANGEL Yea, forsooth, that is so true: Of woeful woe man may sing -For each creature for himself can do, Save only man at his coming. Nevertheless, turn thee from woe, And serve Jesus, heaven's king, And thou shalt, as we may show, Fare well in everything. That lord who life to thee has lent: Have him always in thy mind, That died on cross for mankind, And serve him to thy life's end -And, surely, thou shalt not want! BAD ANGEL Peace, Angel! Thy words are not wise -Thou counselest him not aright!

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He shall be drawn to the World's service, To dwell with Kaiser, King and Knight. There shall be assured his niche. Come on with me, Still-as-Stone! Thou and I to the World shall be gone, And then thou shalt see anon How soon thou shalt be rich! GOOD ANGEL Ah peace, angel -- thou speakest folly! Why should he covet World's good, Since Christ on earth, and his many All in poverty here they stood? World's wealth, wherever you go Fails and fades as fish do in flood; But heaven's riches are good and true, There Christ sits, bright as blood, Without any distress. To the World would He not flit, With him He would not sit -Example I find in holy writ: He will bear me witness3! BAD ANGEL Mankind, Mankind, believe him not, But come with me, by path or street! When thou a taste of the world have caught, Thou shalt find it good and sweet. A fair lady to thee shall be brought Who will turn all thy sorrows to treat. With rich rents thou shalt be fraught With slippery silks to sit in seat. I urge thee, let thy beads be! If thou wilt have health good And dine well with meat and food -In God's service thou never could -So come and follow me! MANKIND Whom to I stand I would But yet As wind follow, ye or ye! and study, begin to rave. be rich in great array -I would my soul to save: on the water I wave.

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(Turns to the Bad Angel) Thou wouldst I to the World me took -(Turns to the Good Angel) And he would that I it forsook. Now, so God me help and the holy book, I know not which I should have! 225

BAD ANGEL Come on Man! Whereof hast thou care? Go we to the World, I advise, look alive For there thou shalt very well fare -Assuming that you are keen to thrive. No lord shall reach thy pitch! Take the World to thine intent, And let thy love theron be lent; With gold and silver for rich rent And soon thou shalt be rich! MANKIND (To the Bad Angel) Now, since thou hast promised me so, I will go with thee and essay. I won't stop for friend or foe, But with the World I will go play, Yes, for a while I'll go. In this World is all my trust, To live in luxury and lust. When he and I have once kissed We shall not part, I know. GOOD ANGEL Oh, nay, Man, for Christ's own blood! Return again, by street and stile. The World is wicked, and truly mad, Thou shalt live but a little while. What covetest thou to win? Man, think on thine ending day, When thou shalt be closed under clay -And if thou think of that array, Surely thou shalt not sin4! BAD ANGEL Oh, on thy soul thou shalt think soon enough -Come forth, Man, pay him no heed! Come on, let him mourn here and be in a huff, Thy flesh thou shalt foster and feed With lovely life's food. With the World thou mayest be bold 'Til thou art sixty winters old: When thy nose waxes cold Then mayest thou turn to good. MANKIND I vow to God, and so I may Make merry for most of my life! I may live for many a day -I am too young, as I believe, To do all that I ought. Might I ride by stream and fen, 265 255

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As do rich and lordly men, Surely joyful I would be then, Of death I should care not! BAD ANGEL Yes, by my faith, though shalt be a lord -Or else hang me by the neck! But thou must be at my accord: Sometimes pleasures thou wilt wreck Among thy kith and kin. Now go forth, quick! anon! To the World we must be gone -And bear thee manly ever among When thou comest out or in. MANKIND Yes, or my neck you may nip in a knot, Unless I be manly wherever I go! And though I be false, I care not a jot, If I like a lord I can rule men so! I will follow thee as I can; Thou shalt be my font of grace, For were I rich, wide in the world to pace, Then would I give not a space To God nor to a good man! (Turns away from the Good Angel, and begins to move with the Bad Angel in the direction of the World's scaffold) GOOD ANGEL I wail, wring hands and make my moan -This man with torment shall be torn! I sigh sore and grievously groan, His folly surely shall make him forlorn! I know not whither to be gone -Mankind has thus forsaken me. Alas, man, for love of thee! Yea, for thy sport and thy glee Thou shalt soon sigh sore and groan! Pipe up Music (World's scaffold. World enthroned, with Lust-Liking, Folly, and the Boy in attendance) WORLD Now I sit in my splendid salle; I twist and tremble in my true throne; And a hawk, I hop in my handsome hall; King, knight and kaiser to me make moan; Of God nor of good men I give not a damn. As a loose-living lord I loll here alone; Whoso brags any boast, wherever I am,

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Those rogues shall be terrified and pitifully groan For sure! Lust, Folly and Vainglory -All these are in my memory; Thus begins the noble story Of this world's allure. (To his aides) Lust-liking and Folly -Comely knights of renown! -Quickly through this land do cry All about, in tower and town, If any man be, far off or nigh, That to my service will set him down. If he will be trusty and true, He shall be king and wear the crown, With richest robes of rays! Whoso to the World will draw, Of God nor of good man gives he not a straw -Such a man, by land's law, Shall sit on my dais. LUST-LIKING Lo, me! here ready Lord, to fare and to flee To seek thee a servant valued and dear! Whoso will by Folly ruled be, He is worthy to be a servant here, Who slips into the Sins Seven. Whoso will be false and covetous, With this World he shall have land and house. This World's wisdom gives not a louse For God nor for high heaven! Then he descends together (with Folly) into the platea. (He speaks to the audience) Peace, people! Of peace we you pray! Sit still and listen to my saw: Whoso will be rich and in great array, Toward the World shall he draw! Whoso will be false, as much as he may, Of God himself no awe he had, And lives in lechery night and day, The World of him will be right glad To dwell in his house. Whoso will with the World have his dwelling, And be a lord of his clothing He must needs, over everything Evermore be covetous5. FOLLY Ya! Covetous he must be, And me, Folly, must have in mind! For whoso will always Folly flee,

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Shall find this world all unkind. Through worldly wisdom of great degree. Mankind never shall thrive I fear Unless he have help from me That am Folly, handsome and fair -He must be hanging on my hook! Worldly wit was never naught, Unless it were with Folly fraught: Thus the wise man has taught On this subject in his book. 6 LUST-LIKING Now all men that in this world would thrive -And ride upon a horse full high! -Come, speak with Lust-liking, look alive! And to his fellow, young Folly. Let's see who will us know! Who will come to liking and lust, And, as a fool, in folly rust On us two he may trust And live handsomely, I know. (The Bad Angel comes forward to Lust-Liking and Folly, leaving Mankind a little way off) BAD ANGEL Now , Lust-liking and Folly! Pay heed to me with good intent: I have brought along with me To the World a great present. I have tricked him craftily, For, since he was born, I've made him blind. He shall be servant good say I. Among you his will you'll find: To the World he will him take, For since he had wits, I understand, I have enticed him in every land. His Good Angel, by street and strand I have made him forsake. Therefore, Lust, my own true friend -Thou art ready always, iwis! -Of worldly laws teach him to the end That he were brought to worldly bliss. Look he be rich, the truth to tell; Help him, that quickly he may thrive; And when he rejoices most in living, Then shall he die and not be shriven, And go with us to Hell! LUST-LIKING By Satan, thou art a noble knave To guide men first away from good! Lust and liking he shall have;

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Lechery shall be his food; Of meat and drink, all kinds he'll try, With a lust-loving lady so great, He shall sit in silks of state -And be caught behind hell's gate That day he shall die! FOLLY With rich rents I shall him blind, With the World till he has a mount; And then shall I, long before his end, Make that caitiff to be bound To the World, when he is troubled sore. (He calls to Mankind, still standing a little way off) Come on, Man! Thou shalt not rue! For thou wilt be to us true, Thou shalt be clad in clothes new, And be rich evermore! (Mankind joins Folly, Lust-Liking, and the Bad Angel) MANKIND Mary, fellow, gramercy! I would be rich and of great renown. Of God I take no account, truly, As long as I be lord of tower and town, By bushes and banks so brown. Since that thou wilt make me Rich in both gold and fee, Go forth! for I will follow thee By dale and every town! Trumpe vp. Then Lust-Liking and Folly, the Bad Angel and Mankind will go to the World and Lust-Liking will say: LUST-LIKING Now, lord, look out! for we have brought A servant of noble fame. Of worldly good is all his thought; Of Lust and Folly he had no shame. He would be great of name; He would be at great honour, For to rule in town and tower; He would have to his paramour Some lovely, lofty dame. WORLD Welcome, sir, seemly in sight ! Thou art welcome to clothing sweet!

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For thou wilt be my servant day and night, In my service I shall thee foster and feed: Thy back shall be covered with gold, burnished bright; Thou shalt have building by banks broad; To thy state shall kneel kaiser and knight, Wherever thou walk at home or abroad, And lovely ladies who stare. But God's service thou must forsake, And wholly to the World thee take; And then such a man I shall thee make That none shall be thy peer! MANKIND Yes, World, and thereto here's my hand, To forsake God and his service! In return, thou must give me house and land, So that I will reign richly in my enterprise -So that I go well by street and strand While I dwell here in worldly wise. I care nothing for heaven's hand, Nor for Jesus, that gentle justice! Of my soul, I have no ruth: What should I care of doomsday, If I can be rich and of great array? I shall make merry while I may, And thereto I plight thee my troth. WORLD Now, certainly, sir, thou sayst well! I hold thee to be true from top to toe. To make you rich I will seal our deal -With you and all that will live so. Come up, my servant true as steel! Then Mankind shall ascend to the World Thou shalt be rich, wherever you go; Men shall serve thee at meal, With minstrelsy and the trumpets blow, With meat and drink so sly; Lust-and-liking shall be thine ease; Lovely ladies thee shall please; Whoso does thee displease, He shall be hung up high! Liking, be quick! Let's clothe him slick, In robes thick, With rich array! Folly, thou fool, By bench and by stool, Serve at his rule, Both night and day. LUST-LIKING (To World)

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Trustily! (To Mankind, motioning him off the scaffold) Lord, ready, Je vous pry! (To World) Sir, I say, In liking and lust He shall rust, 'Till death's dust Do him to die! FOLLY And I, Folly, Shall lift him high, 'Til some enemy Him overplay. In World's wit, That in Folly sit I think yet His soul to slay! (Lust-liking , Folly, and Mankind leave the scaffold) Trump up. (Backbiter enters into "the place") BACKBITER All things I cry against the peace To knight and knave -- that is my kind. Ya! Worthy dukes upon their dais Into bitter torment I them bind! Crying and care, chidings full chill, And sad sorrow to them I send. Ya, what a bundle of lies I tell: Of tales untrue is my intent. Man's ruin around with me I bear! I want you to know, all those that be here -For I am known both far and near -I am the World's messenger: My name is Backbiter ! With every man I walk, I go, And every man now loves me well. But with loud lies (though he does not know) To death's blow I make him fall. To speak fair before, and foul behind, Amongst men at meat and meal, Truly, lords, this is my kind: Thus I run upon a wheel! I am craftier than a fox:

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To flit about flattering is my lesson; With lies I harm both tower and town, With the letters of defamation I bear here in my box! I leap lightly throughout every land; My huge success must not be unheard: Two men may not together stand Unless I, Backbiter, be the third. I force you boys to shame and disgrace! They all will bow when I them bid, The law of the land here I deface. When tales untrue are being spread, Backbiter is wide-sprung. Through the world, by down and dales All about I make false sales; Everyman tells my tales After my false tongue! Therefore I am made messenger, To leap along the land's lay Through all the world, far and near, Unsaid sayings for to say. In this grove I hunt here, For to spy out a secret play -(He crosses the ditch into the Castle enclosure) For when Mankind is clothed so dear, Then shall I teach him the way To the Deadly Sins Seven! Here I shall wait and see what ensues, The wrong to make him straight to choose For I think that he shall lose The light of high heaven. (Lust-liking, Folly, and Mankind -- now clothed in goldtrimmed garments -- re-enter the scaffold of the World) LUST-LIKING Worthy World, in your wealth found Here is Mankind, handsome, not old! In bright gold coins he is bound, And ready to bow to you so bold. He lives in lechery no pleasure less, Wholly to you he doth him yield. Thou must make him go gay on grass, Worthy World, now him behold! This World, is well at ease -For, to God I make a vow, Mankind would rather now Grieve God with sins raw Than thou, the World, to displease. FOLLY

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Displease thee he will for no man! On me, Folly, is all his thought. Truly, Mankind now never can Think on God, that hath him bought. Worthy World, white as swan, In thy love he is truly caught. Since first he had knowledge, his life began, Thee he would forsake not, But has given himself to folly. And he has to thee been true, I advise you, forsake him for no man new: Let us please him, until he rue In hell to hang high! WORLD Now Folly, fair luck you befall! And Lust, blessed be thou aye! You have brought Mankind to my hall, Surely, in noble array. With the world's wealth within these walls I shall him endow if I may. (He turns to Mankind still at the foot of the scaffold) Welcome, Mankind! To thee I call, More cleanly clothed than any man, By hill, dale and ditch. (Mankind ascends to the World) Mankind, I advise you stand As it is best, here at my hand; Look thou obey World's command, And ever thou shalt be rich. MANKIND What should I do, but your rule hold? Thou controllest truly all my will; Thou endowest me with fen and field, And high halls, near wood and hill. In worldly wealth all my wit I wield In joy and strut with jewels gentle On a blissful bank my bower I build; In vainglory I stand still. I am keen as a knight: Whoso against the World will speak, Vengeance Mankind shall on him wreak -In a strong prison I shall him stick, Be it wrong or right! WORLD Ah, Mankind, may luck you provide That thy love on me is set!

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In my bowers thou shalt abide, And fare much the better yet. I endow you with all my dwellings wide, In the grave 'til thou be set; I make thee lord of much pride. Sir, in what your own mouth utters, I find in thee no treason. In all this world, by sea and sand, Parks, places, glades and land, Here I give thee with my hand, Sir, an open season. Go to my treasurer, Sir Greediness; Look thou tell him as I say: Bid him make thee master in his house, With pennies and pounds for it play. Look thou give not a louse For the day that thou shalt die. Messenger! do now thy use! (Backbiter runs from the Castle to the World's scaffold) Backbiter, teach him the way -Thou art sweeter than mead! Mankind, take with thee Backbiting; Leave him not for anything -Flibbertigibbet, with his flattering, Will stand you in good stead. BACKBITER Backbiting-and-Detraction Shall go with thee, from town to town. Have done, Mankind, and come down! I am thine own page. I shall bear thee witness, with my might, When my lord, the World, tells me right. Lo! where Sir Greediness sits, And waits for us in his stage. (He gestures to Greediness's scaffold, across "the place") MANKIND Sir World, I wend, In Greediness to follow my kind. WORLD Obey him in each, And then, truly, thou shalt be rich! (Mankind descends from the World's scaffold to Backbiter, and together they begin to move across "the place" to Greediness's scaffold)

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GOOD ANGEL Alas, Jesus, gentle justice, Wither may Man's Good Angel go? Now shall careful Greediness Mankind truly overthrow. His spirit heavy will be with sighs Backbiting brings him to bitter bondage. Worldly wits, you are not wise -Your lovely life amiss you spend, For that you shall sorely smart! Parks, pounds and many pence, They seem more sweet than rich incense -But God's service, nor his commandments Concern not your heart. BAD ANGEL Ya! When the fox preaches, keep well your geese! He speaks as he were a holy pope! Go, fellow, and pick off the lice That creep there upon they cope! Thy part is played all at the dice That thou shalt have here, as I hope. 'Til Mankind falls to worm's prize Greediness shall him grip and grope 'Till some shame shall him rend 'Til Man into the grave shall go He'll never say he has enough Therefore, good boy, come blow At my nether end! (Mankind and Backbiter arrive at the foot of Greediness's scaffold) BACKBITER Sir Greediness, God thee save Thy pence and thy pounds all! I, Backbiter, thine own knave, Have brought Mankind into thine hall. The World bids thou shouldst him have, And endow him well, whatso befall, 'Til gone he be to his green grave. Dress him in thy rich royal mantle, Greediness -- it were else a pity. While he walks on earthy mould I, Backbiter, to him will hold; Lust and Folly, those barons bold, To them he has sworn his duty. GREEDINESS Oh, Mankind, blessed might thou be! I have loved thee dearly many a day, And so, I know well, thou dost me. 660

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(He motions to Mankind to ascend his scaffold) Come up and see my rich array! -It were a point of pity great But Greediness held you in awe. (Mankind ascends Greediness's scaffold, and Greediness motions him to be seated) Sit up right here in this seat! I shall thee teach the world's law That fadeth as a flood. Of wealth enough you shall make boast -And yet our game would be right lost Unless thou covet more and most Than ever shall do you good. Thou must give thyself to simony Extortion and false assize; Help no man but thou knowest why; Pay not thy servants their service; Thy neighbours look that thou destroy; Tithe not in any wise; Hear no beggar, thou he cry -And then thou shalt full soon rise. And when you handle merchandise, Look that thou be subtle of sleights, And also swear all by deceits, Buy and sell by false weights -For that is natural greediness. Be not afraid of the great curse -This lovely life may long last. If the penny is in thy purse Let them curse and do their best! By the devil of hell, art thou the worse Though you break God's behest? Do as I do! I am thy nurse! Always gather, and have no rest; In winning wealth be all thy work; Of poor men, take no heed; For if you slacken in your greed -Your wealth can vanish all with speed. Thus sayeth Cato the great clerk. 7 MANKIND Ah, Avarice, long may you live! Of worldly wit you know, iwis. Thou carest for me, I believe And shouldst be cross if I did amiss. I shall never to a beggar give Meat nor drink, by heaven's bliss. Rather, before I should him ever relieve, He should starve and rot, iwis! Greediness, as thou wilt, I will do: 711 675

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Wherever I go, by fen or flood, I make a vow, by God's blood, From Mankind gets no man any good Unless he sings "si dedero"! GREEDINESS Mankind, that was well sung! Certainly, now you know some skill. Blessed be thy true tongue! In this bower thou shalt bide and dwell. More sins I would you would undertake: With greediness thee endow I will; And then some pride I'll for you make High in thy heart, to hold full well, And abide in thy body. (He takes gold and silver from his "cupboard", and presents them to Mankind) Here I endow thee, in my heaven, With gold and silver, light as the leaven. The Deadly Sins, yes, all seven, I'll quickly make to come to thee. Pride! Wrath! and Envy! Come forth, the devil's children three! Lechery! Sloth! and Gluttony! -To Man's Flesh you are fiends so free -Hasten over dales to me! Be now as happy as any be! Over hills and groves haste ye, To Mankind come, and to me, From your hidden dens! As mighty dukes do you dress! When you six be come, I guess, Then be we seven, and no less Of the Deadly Sins. (Pride speaks from Belial's scaffold, with Belial, Wrath and Envy). PRIDE Wondrous sharp shouts on high hill I heard! Greediness is calling -- his loud cries I know Some lord or some lordling now has been lured To be decked with the pearls of my proud show. Keen am I to brag and to bustle and bound Quickly caring riot to blow. No duke do I fear, by den, dale or down! Also, fast to the job wherever I go, I roar when I rise! Sir Belial, bright of hue, I commend me unto you: Have good day for I go, My fair father, to Greediness.

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WRATH When Greediness cried and complained of care, Then must I, mad Wrath, walk and go High over hills as hound after hare. If I delayed and were the last he would give me a blow! I will flourish my staff by banks full bare! Some boy shall be beaten and brought to me bound: Wrath shall avenge him and measure all his ware. Destroyed shall all be, for gay games in land As a rascally page. Sir Belial, black and blue Have a good day! Now I go To destroy thy foe With a wicked wage! ENVY When Wrath begins to walk, on someone to pounce, Envy flies as a fox, and follows fast. When you start, or stare, or stumble upon stones, I leap as a lion -- I am loath to be last! Ya! I breed bitter torments in body and in bones: I fret in my heart, I cast myself in care. Go we to Greediness, all three at once, With our grisly gear, a lad for to scare: This day shall he die! Beelzebub, now have good day! For we will go in good array, All three together as I say -Pride, Wrath and Envy! BELIAL Farewell now, children, have me in mind! Do now well your old use: When you come to Mankind, Make him wrathful and envious; Work fast, do him find -To his soul brew a bitter juice. When he is dead, I shall him bind In hell, as a cat does a mouse. Hasten forth, do not abide! I am as gay as any may be, For Mankind in every country, Is ruled by my children three: Envy, Wrath and Pride! (Pride, Wrath, and Envy descend from Belial's scaffold to "the place" but do not yet move towards the scaffold of Greediness. Gluttony begins to speak from Flesh's scaffold) GLUTTONY A lad has called out gaily over the ground; Of me, gay Gluttony was all his tale. I stamp, and leap, but then stagger around; To a certain death I swoon so pale. Whatever boys with their bellies, in my bonds be bound, Both their bodies and blood through torment I trail.

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I incite folk to fight 'til their death be found; When some have drunk a drought, they drop down all pale -On me is all their mind! 810 Man's flourishing flesh, Fair, frail, and fresh, I trap in my mesh, For that is my kind. LECHERY In Man's loins I intend my castle to keep. 815 I, Lechery, with sexual pleasure am loved in each land. With my sweet honey-suckle, I sit and I sleep; Many ladies I bring to my bitter bond. In woe and in pain wicked wits shall weep, That from my wild dwellings out will not go. 820 When Mankind is forced into his grave to creep, Then to those rascals, for their lechery, I shall deal a blow, Truly to tell. Sir Flesh, now I go, With lust down below, 825 Mankind's way to show To the devil of hell! SLOTH Ya! What sayest thou of Sir Sloth, with my sour sight? Mankind loves me well, yes, as I know. Men of religion I rule as my right: I hinder God's service, the truth forth to show. In bed I breed lechers with my ladies bright; Lords, ladies and lollabouts to my lore go. Much of Mankind in my cloaks shall be knit, 'Till death drive them down to the pit below. We may no longer abide: Sir Flesh, comely king, In thee is all our breeding; Give us now thy blessing, For Greediness has cried. FLESH Gluttony and Sloth, go without fear! Joy and prosperity is now all your right. And Lechery, my daughter so dear, Hold you so haughty on height All three, my blessing ye shall have here. Go now forth, for nought but your delight. Your way now is clear To drive Mankind to the scourge of Hell's spite Away from the bright bliss of heaven. (He turns to the audience) The World, the Flesh, and the Devil we know Are great lords, that much we owe; And in all mankind we set and sow 850

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The Deadly Sins Seven! (Gluttony, Lechery, and Sloth descend from Flesh's scaffold) Then Pride, Wrath, Envy, Gluttony, Lechery and Sloth will go to Greediness and Pride will say: PRIDE What is thy will, Sir Greediness? Why hast thou after us sent? When you cried out, we rushed to rise, And come to thee now par asent: Our love is on thee lend. I, Pride, Wrath and Envy Gluttony, Sloth and Lechery We have come, all six, at thy cry To be at thy commandment. GREEDINESS Welcome be you, brothers all -And my sister, sweet Lechery! Do you know why I began to call? For you must give me help, quickly. Mankind is come now to my hall, With me to dwell, as you may see; Therefore you must, whate'er befall, Endow him with your folly -Otherwise you do him wrong. For when Mankind by kind is covetous, He is proud, wrathful and envious; Gluttonous, slothful and lecherous Are ways he is also among. Thus every sin attracts another, And makes Mankind to be a fool. We seven fall in together, To chase Mankind to the ducking stool. Therefore, Pride, good brother -And brethren all -- take each your tool. Let each go his own way or other, And set Mankind on a stumbling stool While he is here alive. Let us lull him with our lust 'Til he be driven down, damned to dust! Cold care shall be his only crust When him to death we drive. PRIDE This glorious game makes me grow glad! Mankind! take good heed, And do as Greediness thee bad: Take me in thine heart -- precious Pride! Look thou be not over-lead; Let no young knight thee misguide; 890 855

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Make all hold you in fear and dread; Beat your servants 'til they bleed; Make them suffer doleful days! Friend, father, or mother dear Obey them not in any manner; Consider that no man is thy peer -And live in these new ways: Look thou brag much in boast, And wear long toes upon thy shoes; Frill thy clothes whatever it cost, Lest men should think thee a silly goose! It is thus, Man, well thou knowest. Therefore do as no man does; Insults at all men see thou throwest; And thyself thou must praise the most. Vaunt up thyself on every side: All men insult, bend to thy will; Of every man see thou think ill, 'Till death's blow thy body kill. Put wholly thine heart in Pride. MANKIND Pride, by Jesus, thou sayst well -Who allows it is pushed around all day! While I sit high on Fortune's wheel, I shall not allow it, if that I may. Much mirth, at meat and meal, I love right well, and rich array. Truly, I think I'll make a deal, Each day to have clothes so gay, And of myself to take close guard. Much mirth thou wilt me make, To live like a lord, by land and lake; My heart wholly to thee I take Into thine own award. PRIDE In thy bower to abide, I come to dwell by your side. (Pride ascends to Mankind on Greediness'scaffold) MANKIND Mankind and Pride Shall dwell together whate'er betide! WRATH Be also angry, as if you were mad; Make men dread thee, by deeds so slick; Whoso angers thee, by fen or flood, Look thou be avenged and that right quick; Be ready to spill man's blood!

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Look that thou frighten them, with a nasty trick. Always, Man, have an angry mood; My loathsome laws look thou take, Be advise, for any thing. At once, take vengeance, by me be led, And no man shall be ahead of thee; But of thee they shall have much dread And bow to thy bidding. MANKIND Wrath, to your gracious council I bend, Have thou God's blessing, and my own That wretched man of my kind That will not bow, for that he'll groan! My vengeance shall I to him send, And avenge myself, by God's eye! Sooner than I shall bow or bend, I should be stuck as swine in sty, With a loathly lance. Be it early or late, Whoso makes with me debate, I shall him hit right on the pate, And take at once vengeance! WRATH With anger toward other, I come to thee, Mankind, my brother. (Wrath ascends to Mankind on the scaffold) MANKIND Wrath, my fair father Makes each man to be avenged on other! ENVY Envy with Wrath along must drive To haunt Mankind also. When any of thy neighbours thrive, Look thou have Envy thereto; In God's name, I charge thee: look alive And backbite him whatever you do! Kill him, anon without any knife, And tell tales of him wherever you go, By dales and meadows dry! Speak of thy neighbour much shame; Put on him some false fame; Look thou undo his noble name, With me, that am Envy! MANKIND Envy, thou art both good and kind, And shall be of my council chief. Thy counsel is known throughout mankind, For each man calls other "Whore!" and "thief!"

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Envy, thou art the root and rind, Throughout this world of much mischief. In bitter sorrow I shall them bind, That slander thee, in my belief. Come up to me above, For more Envy than is now reigning There never was since Christ was king! Come up, Envy, my dear darling -Thou hast all Mankind's love! ENVY I climb from this croft, With Mankind to sit aloft. (Envy ascends to Mankind on the scaffold) MANKIND Come, sit here soft -For in abbeys thou dwellest full oft. (Envy sits himself beside Mankind) GLUTTONY In gay Gluttony a game thou begin: Ordain thee meat and drinks so good; Look that no treasure thou part in twain, But thee endow and feed with all kinds of food. With fasting man never shall win! These great fastings, I hold them mad -Though thou eat and drink, it is no sin! Fast no day, I say by the rood, Though they chide, these fasting churls. Look thou have spices of good odour, To fill and feed fleshly flower -Then mayst thou be bold in thy bower, And mount all thy gay girls! MANKIND Ah, Gluttony, thee well I greet! Thy sayings are sure and full of truth: No day am I by sty or street, Till I have well filled my mouth! Fasting is kicked under feet; Though I never fast, I care not a straw; He does no good: by the rood, I'll eat! He only makes a man's guts to gnaw -To fast I just can't stand! I shall not spare, as I hope for rest, To have a morsel of the best -The longer then my life shall last, With great luxury in land. GLUTTONY

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Wherever you lead Good vomit you speed! (Gluttony ascends to Mankind on the scaffold) MANKIND While life I lead, With fair food my flesh shall I feed! LECHERY Ya, when thy flesh is fair fed, Then shall I, lovely Lechery, Bounce up and down with thee in bed. For this serve food and drinks so dry -In love thy life shall be led. Be a lecher 'til thou die: Thy needs shall be the better sped If thou give thee to fleshly folly 'Til death's river thou shalt leap! Lechery, since the world began, Hath advanced many a man; Therefore, Mankind, my dear lemman Into my cunt thou shalt creep! MANKIND Ah, Lechery, wealth follow thee! Man's seed in thee I'll sow. Few men will forsake thee, In any country that I know. Adultery is a friend right free -Men use it all the time now! Lechery, come sit by me; Thy words of wisdom all men know; Pleasure is in thy nether end. One nor other, I see no wight That will forsake thee, day nor night -Therefore come up, my lady bright, And rest thee with Mankind! (Lechery ascends to Mankind on the scaffold, and sits by him) LECHERY I may truly sing, "Mankind is caught in my sling!" MANKIND Let's not wait for any thing, To bed thou must me bring! SLOTH 1050 1035 1020

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Ya, When you be in bed both, Wrapped where your desires lead, Then I, Sloth, will be wroth Unless two lechers I may breed. When the mass-bell goes, Lie still, man, and take no heed; Lap your head then in a cloth, And take a chill, pills to need -Church going thou forsake! Sluggards in land I lift, And put men to much unthrift; Penance that men are given in shrift Is powerless; and that I make! MANKIND Oh, Sloth, you match my will! Men use thee much, God it wot. Men love well now to lie still In bed, to take a morning sweat; To go to church is not their will; Their beds they think good and hot. Harry, Geoffrey, Joan, and Jill, Are laid with each other in one cot, By your wicked charms. All mankind, by the holy rood, Are now slothful in works good. Come near, my friend, mine own fair food, And lull me in thine arms. SLOTH I make men, I know, In God's service to be right slow. MANKIND Come up, do not go -Such men you shall find here, you know! (Sloth ascends to Mankind on the scaffold, and sits by his side) "Mankind" I am called, by my kind -With cursedness of ways I sit. In sour sweetness my sight I send, With seven sins sadly beset. Much mirth excites my mind, With melody at my very lip. My proud power shall never end, 'Til I be put in the painful pit -To hell snatched from hence! In the vale of sorrow till we are down, We shall be clad in a gay gown. I see no man but they use some Of these seven Deadly Sins.

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For nowadays, it is seldom seen, That he who now is lecherous, By other men he is disdained, And he's proud and covetous: In sin each man is found. Neither poor nor rich by field nor fen Who all these seven will forsake -But with one or other he shall be taken, And be in their bitter bonds fast bound! GOOD ANGEL So much the worse -- waif full of woe! That ever Good Angel was assigned to thee! Thou art ruled by the fiend that is thy foe, And no way, surely, ruled by me. Wellaway! Wither may I find my way? Man makes me pale for very shame; His sweet soul he will now slay; He shall regret his sport and game Time and again! You see well truly in sight, I strive so hard, both day and night, To bring his soul to bliss so bright -But he himself will bring it to pain! BAD ANGEL No, Good Angel, thou art not in season! Few men in thee their faith they find, For thou has shown a threadbare reason. Good sir, come kiss my hole behind! Truly Man will not have chosen A pathway by thy God designed. For he that would know Christ's lesson, In penance his body he must bind, And forsake the World's mind. Men are loath on thee to cry, Or do penance for their folly -Therefore, now have I mastery Well nigh over Mankind. (He exits from "the place" triumphantly) GOOD ANGEL Alas! Mankind Is mocked and misled as the blind! In faith, I find To Christ he cannot be kind. Alas! Mankind Is soiled and sogged in sin! He will not win When body and soul part in twain. Alas, God is offended! Amiss Man's life has been expended,

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By fiends defended. Mercy, God, that Man were amended! (Shrift enters into "the place" and speaks to the Good Angel) SHRIFT What, Man's Angel, good and true Why sighest thou, and sobbest sore? Surely, sore it shall me rue, If I see thee make mourning more. May any cure now comfort you? Or anything thy state restore? For all fellowships, old and new, Why weepest thou more and more, Tormented wailings strange to thee? Why was this mourning here begun, With sore sighing under the sun? Tell me and I shall, if I can, Cure thee of thy misery. GOOD ANGEL From bitter sorrow thou may me keep, Sweet Shrift, if that thou wilt, For Mankind it is that I weep: He is at the point of being spilt! He sits in the Seven Sins' seat, And surely will 'til he be killed. With me he thinketh never more to meet; He hath forsaken me, I have no guilt -No man will him amend! Therefore, Shrift, so God me speed, Unless thou help at this need, Mankind will get no other meed But pain without an end! SHRIFT What, Angel? Be of comfort strong, For thy Lord's love that dies on tree! For me, Shrift, it shall not be long -Until thou shalt the truth see. If he will confess his wrong, No thing conceal but tell it me, And do penance these among, To joy he's be restored through me A joy that ever shall last. Whoso will confess his sins all, I promise him true heaven's hall. Therefore, go we hence, whate'er befall, To Mankind fast! (They then will go to Mankind and Shrift will say:) SHRIFT

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What, Mankind! How goes this? What dost thou do with these devils seven? Alas, alas, Man all amiss! Rejoice in the name of God in heaven, I urge, as I hope for rest. These loathly lords now cast adrift, And come down and speak with Shrift, And turn thee quickly unto thrift, Truly, it is the best! (Sloth has spoken some words into Mankind's ear. Mankind turns and speaks to Shrift) MANKIND Ah Shrift! thou art well known To Sloth here, that sits herein. He says you should come to Man's home On Palm Sunday, that's the time -Thou art come all too soon! Therefore, Shrift, come what may, Go forth until Good Friday! Listen to thee then I may -Now other things must be done. SHRIFT O that harlot Sloth is now too bold -In sorrow he binds Man, I believe. Tell Sloth I charge him that he should Find a pardon for thy life. Man! thou mayst be under mold Long ere that time, killed with a knife -With frogs and toads many-fold! Therefore prepare thee now to shrive, If thou wilt come to bliss! Thou sinnest! Ere sorrow with thee dispense, Behold thine heart -- thy privy sense -And thine own conscience, Or, surely, thou dost amiss. MANKIND Ya! Peter! others do too --

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(He indicates the whole audience) We have eaten garlic everyone! Though I should to hell go, I know well I shall not go alone, I tell thee truly! I did never so evil, I am not so sly, But others have done as evil as I. Therefore, sir, let be thy cry And go hence from me!

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(Penance enters into "the place" and travels across it to Greediness' scaffold as she speaks) PENANCE With the point of penance I shall him pierce, Man's pride to fell. With this lance I shall disburse Truly a drop from mercy's well. Sorrow of heart is what I mean -Truly, there may no tongue tell What washes souls more clean From the foul fiend of hell Than sweet sorrow of heart! God, that sits in heaven on high, Asks no more, e'er that thou die, But sorrow of heart with weeping eye, For all thy sins smart. They that sigh in sinning, In sad sorrow for their sin, When they shall make their ending, All their joy is soon to begin. Then mingles there no mourning, But joy is joined with gentleness fierce. (She reaches Greediness' scaffold, and addresses Mankind, seated above) Therefore, Mankind, in this tokening, With point of spear I will thee pierce: God's laws so dear instruct. With my dagger of sorrow sweet, I reach to thine heart's root. Thy shame shall show thee what is right -Mankind! go shrive thee quick! (She pierces Mankind's heart with her lance) MANKIND A seed of sorrow in me is set; Certainly, for sin I sigh sore! The moans of mercy in me are met -For the world's mirth I mourn more! In weeping woe my joy is wet. Mercy! thou must my state restore! From our Lord's light thou had me kept, Wretched sin, thou grisly gore! Out on thee deadly sin! Sin does Mankind's bliss prevent; In deadly sin my life is spent -Mercy, God omnipotent! In your grace I begin. For though Mankind has done amiss, If he will fall in repentance 1240

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Christ shall him bring to the bower of bliss, If sorrow of heart prick him with lance. My lords, see well all this: Mankind has been in great mischance -I now forsake my sin, iwis, And take me wholly to Penance. On Christ I cry and call! Ah, Mercy, Shrift! I will no more -For deadly sin my heart is sore! Fill Mankind with thy store, And have him to thine hall. SHRIFT No man has Shrift ever forsaken. When Mankind cries, I am ready. When sorry of heart thee hath taken, Shrift profiteth, truly. Whoso for sin will sorry make, Christ heareth him when he will cry. Now, Man, let sorrow thy sin slake; And turn not again to thy folly, For that maketh mischance! And if thou turn again to sin, For God's love, lie not long therein; Always to do evil, and never restrain, That asks a great vengeance. MANKIND Nay, certainly, that shall I not do! Shrift, thou shalt the truth see -For thou man towards sin is wont to go, I will now amend me: I come to Shrift, with my whole heart, lo! (Then he descends to Shrift: he turns and speaks to the Sins, who are still aloft on Greediness' scaffold) I forsake you, Sins, and from you flee! You make for man a sorry shore When he is beguiled in this degree: You mar him while you may! Sin, you bring a sorry store; You make Mankind to sink sore; Therefore of you I'll have no more -(He turns away from the Sins to Shrift) I ask Shrift, for charity! SHRIFT If thou wilt acknowledge here Each and every trespass, I shall thee shield from hell fire,

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And put thee from pain, in a precious place. If thou wilt not make thy soul clear, But keep sins in thy heart's case, Another day their heads they'll rear, And sink thy soul to Satanas, In ghastly glowing coal! Therefore, Man, that here does grieve, If you would worthy in heaven live, At once yourself you now must shrive, Of thy misdeed all! MANKIND Ah, yes, Shrift! Truly, I know, I shall not refrain nor any miss, I shall reckon them all on a row, My sins that I may enter bliss! To my Lord God I acknowledge, That sits above in highest heaven, That I have sinned as you allege In the Deadly Sins Seven, Both in home and hall: Pride, Wrath, and Envy, Greediness and Lechery Sloth and also Gluttony -I have used them all. The ten commandments broken I have, And my five wits used amiss; I was then mad and began to rave -Mercy, God, forgive me this! When any poor man alms did crave, I gave him nothing; that makes me repent, iwis. Now Saint Saviour, ye me save, And bring me to your bower of bliss! All, I cannot say -But to the earth I kneel down (He kneels in front of Shrift) Both with beads and orison, And ask my absolution, Sir Shrift, I you pray. SHRIFT Now Jesus Christ, God holy, And all the saints of heaven kind -Peter and Paul, apostles be To whom God gave power to loose and bind -He forgives thee thy folly That thou hast sinned with heart and mind. And I by my power thee assoil That thou hast been to God unkind Quantum peccasti. In Pride, Ire, and Envy Sloth, Gluttony and Lechery

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And Greediness, continually, Vitam male continuasti I thee assoil, with good intent Of all the sins that thou hast wrought In breaking of God's commandment, In word, work, will and thought, I restore to thee the sacrament Of penance, for which thou gave not a jot; Thy five wits were so misspent In sin, which thou shouldest not; Quicquid gesisti, Seen with eyes, with ears hearing, Smelled with nose, with mouth speaking, And all thy body's bad working Vitium quodcumque fecisti. I thee assoil with mild mood, Of all that thou hast been, full mad In the forsaking of thine Angel Good, And thy foul flesh that thou hast fed, The World, the Devil of wicked brood, And followed thine Angel that is so bad. To Jesus Christ, that died on rood, I restore thee again indeed. Noli peccare! And all the good deeds that thou hast done, And all thy tribulation, Stand thee in remission: Potius noli viciare! MANKIND (He rises to his feet and looks around "the place") Now, sir Shrift, where may I dwell, To keep me from sin and woe? A comely counsel, kindly tell, To defend me now from my foe! If these Seven Sins hear tell That I am from them gone away, The World, the Flesh and the Devil of hell Shall seek my soul that they may it slay In hell's bower! Therefore, I pray you, put me In some place of surety -That they may not harm me With no sins sore! SHRIFT To such a place I shall thee bring, Where you may dwell without mischance And always keep thee from sin -Into the Castle of Perseverance. If thou wilt to heaven win, And keep thee from the World's advance

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Go to yon Castle, and keep thee therein, For it is stronger than any in France. To yonder castle I thee send! That castle is a precious place, Full of virtue and of grace: Who liveth there his life's space No sin shall ever him rend. MANKIND Ah, Shrift, blessed might thou be -This castle is here right at hand! Thither quickly will I be, Surely over this solid land. Good perseverance God send me, While I live here in this land! From foul filth now I flee; Forth I go, oh gift so grand, To yonder precious port. Lord, but man has a merry living When he is of his sins full shriven! And all his grief away is driven -Christ is my comfort! (He begins to walk towards the Castle. The Bad Angel re-enters "the place" and sees Mankind) BAD ANGEL Hey! what the devil Man! whither away? Would you draw now to holiness? Go, fellow, go thy way -Thou art forty winters old -- go well, Go again the to Devil's way And play thee awhile with Joan and Jill! Shrift would do nothing, the old hag, (He indicates Penance contemptuously) But put thee to penance and distress She cheats behind her smile! Let those who are on the pit's brink Forbear to have both meat and drink, And do penance as they good think -But come thou and play a while! GOOD ANGEL Oh, Mankind! wend forth on thy way, Heed not his call. He would thou lead so far astray In crooked paths to the grave. Of cursedness he keeps the key. To bake thee a bitter bread. In a vale of woe, 'til thou shouldst die In wickedness he would thee lead, In sin to have mischance.

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Therefore speed now thy pace Quickly, to yon precious place, That is all grown full of grace -The Castle of Perseverance! MANKIND Good Angel, I will do as thou wilt, On land while my life may last -For I find well in holy writ Thou counselest ever for the best! ***************

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(Here one complete leaf or approximately 96 lines are missing. The lines contain the entry of the Virtues into the lower level of the Castle or their appearance within it. Humility and Patience deliver their opening speeches to which Mankind, standing outside the moat or ditch replies. We have provided a bridge of only two stanzas (26 lines) in which Humility and Patience welcome Mankind and describes their essences.)
[HUMILITY Welcome, Man, to Perseverance. Here may we help you grow in grace! I, Meekness, shall provide the chance For you to put your Pride in place. When Lucifer would his state enhance And puff himself before God's face -He fell, and our deliverance Comes only through God's gentle grace. Jesus, the humble and the meek Showed us all the proper way To live our lives through every day On the night he was betrayed -By washing his disciple's feet. PATIENCE I, Patience, lived in Christ as well. He taught Man how to handle Wrath When standing bound in Herod's hall He nothing said. The Man who hath Such Patience shown has saved us all. Therefore, when anger blocks thy path Think on His passion -- mark it well! And think on bale and bliss both. Then shalt thou choose Which path that thou must go. But through faith thou'lt always know For His example doth thee show. Through Patience thou canst not lose.] ************* 15

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CHARITY To Charity, Man, have an eye! In all things, Man, this concede: All thy doing, as dross, is dry Unless in charity thou dost thy deed. I destroy always Envy -So did God when He began to bleed. For sin he was hanged so high, And yet sinned he never in deed, Of mild mercy the well. Paul in his epistle puts it best: 'But Charity is the greatest' Therefore, Mankind, now request In Charity to dwell. ABSTINENCE In Abstinence lead thy life! Take but careful reflection, For Gluttony kills without a knife And destroys thy complexion. Whoso in eating is excessive, Swells up with corruption. This sin brought us all to strife, When Adam in sin down fell From precious paradise. Mankind learn now our lore: Who eats or drinks more Than will sensibly his state restore, I hold him nothing wise. CHASTITY Mankind, take heed of Chastity, And follow close the maiden Mary! Fleshly folly look thou flee, That courteous queen, what did she? 8 Kept herself clean, and steadfastly; In her was enclosed the Trinity; Through spiritual grace she was worthy, Because she was so chaste. Who keeps himself so, and will not sin, When he is buried deep earth within, All his joy will then begin -Therefore, come to me in haste! INDUSTRY In Busyness, Man, look thou be, With worthy works, good and quick To Sloth if thou abandon thee, It shall thee draw to thoughts most sick;9 It puts a man in poverty, And pulls him to hell's painful prick. Do something always for love of me -Though thou shouldst but whittle a stick. 1485 1460

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With prayer beads sometimes thee bless; Sometimes read, and sometimes write, And sometimes play at thy delight. The devil thee waiteth with keen spite When thou art in idleness! GENEROSITY In Generosity, Man, lay thy love! Spend thy wealth as God it sent. In worship of Him that sits above On all men let your goods be spent. When to the grave men shall thee move, Little love is on thee lent. The executors shall say it's their behoof "Let's make us merry, for he is spent That all this wealth did rule." Lay thy treasure and thy trust In a place where no corroding rust May it corrupt to dross or dust But all to help thy soul. MANKIND Ladies in land, luminous, light, Lovely lilies, you be my leech! I will bow to your bidding bright -True doctrines you me teach! Dame Meekness, in your might I will me turn from the wicked wretch; All my purpose I order right, Patience to do as you do preach -From Wrath you shall me keep; Charity, you will me attend: From foul Envy you me defend! Man's mad mind you may amend, Whether he wake or sleep; Abstinence, in your I trust: From Gluttony you shall me draw; In Chastity to live, not lust, That is Our Lady's law; Busyness, we two have kissed -Sloth, I forsake your slippery maw! Generosity, in you I trust Greediness right now to slay. This is a courteous company! Why should I more moans make? The Seven Sins I forsake, And to these Seven Virtues I me take. Maiden Meekness, now, mercy! HUMILITY Mercy may amend thy woes. Enter here at thine own will! We shall defend thee from thy foes,

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If thou keep in this castle still. 10 (Then he will enter) Stand herein, as still as stone, Then shall no deadly sin thee spill. Whether sins be come or gone, This place shall be thy dwelling still; With virtues we shall thee advance. This castle is crafted without and within That whoever holds himself herein, He shall never fall in deadly sin -It is the Castle of Perseverance! 11 (Then they will sing HUMILITY Now blessed be Our Lady, of heaven empress! Mankind from folly has taken his fall, And is in the Castle of Goodness. He haunts now a heavenly hall That shall bring him straight to heaven. Christ, that died upon the cross, Keep Mankind in this castle close, And put always in his purpose To flee the foul Sins Seven. BAD ANGEL Nay, by Belial's bright bones, There shall he no time dwell! He shall be won from here at once By the World, the Flesh, and the Devil of Hell -They shall my vengeance wreak! The Sins Seven, those kings three, To Mankind have enmity: Fiercely they shall all help me This castle for to break! (He shouts for Backbiter) How! Flibberdigibit, Backbiter! (Backbiter runs to him) Fast our tidings look thou take! Quickly about look thou art! Say Mankind his sins forsakes; With yon wenches in dwelling fair All to holiness himself he takes. In my heart it hurts me dear, The boast those wenches make -My guts all in me grind! Flibberdigibit, run all in a rush: Bid the World, the Fiend, and the Flesh Come now to fight all fresh 1570 1560 1550 1541

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"Eternal King Most High" et cetera)

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To win again Mankind! BACKBITER I go! I go on ground full glad, Swifter than a ship with rudder! I make men mazed and mad, And every man to kill another, All men me fear! I am glad, by Our Lady of Hailes, Of malice to spread foul tales, Both in England and in Wales -(He turns to the audience, and indicates them as the subject of the next line) In truth, at many I jeer! (Then he will go to Belial. Backbiter addresses Belial on his scaffold) Hail, set on thy throne, all hail! Hail, worthy devil in thy dell! Hail, lord of Hell! I come to thee, tales to tell. BELIAL Backbiter, boy, You're excited forsooth! Say now, I say, What tidings? Tell me the truth! BACKBITER Terrible tales I may thee say, To thee no good, as I guess: Mankind is now gone away Into the Castle of Goodness; There he will both live and die, In the grave till death shall him dress. He hath thee forsaken, forsooth I say, And all thy works both more and less! To yon castle he did creep. Yon mother Meekness, truth to maintain, And all those maidens on yon plain, For to fight they be full fain. Mankind for to keep! (Then he will call Pride, Envy and Wrath. Pride, Envy and Wrath leave Greediness' scaffold, move across "the place", and ascend Belial's scaffold) PRIDE Sir king, what's up? We be ready throats to cut!

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BELIAL Grief-begetters, the gods give you all evil grace! A dire death may you die! Why did you let Mankind from you pass, Into yon castle, from us away? With pain I shall you pay! Now I'll pounce! Away at once! (He drives them down from his scaffold) By Belial's bones You shall obey! (And he will beat them on the ground) BACKBITER Ya! before God this was well done, Thus to work with backbiting! I work both wrack and ruin, And make each man at others swing. I shall go about as you'll be shown And make more blows to ring! (Turns and directly addresses the audience) You backbiters, your work must be done -Make discord about to spring Between sister and brother! If any backbiter here be left, He may learn from me his craft; Of God's grace he shall be bereft, And every man shall kill another! (To Flesh) Hail, Hail, Hail, Hail, FLESH king, I call! prince, well dressed with all! handsome in your hall! sir king! good luck you befall! (Sitting on his scaffold) 1640 1635 1620

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Boy Backbiting, Full loud your voice does ring, Full glad tiding, By Belial's bones, I trust you bring! BACKBITER Ya! Before God! Shame I cry On thy two sons, and thy daughter young! Gluttony, Sloth and Lechery Hath put me in great mourning.

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They let Mankind go up high, Into yon castle at his liking, Therein to live and die; With those ladies to make his ending -Those flowers fair and fresh! He is in the Castle of Perseverance, And has put his body to strong penance. Hard luck to you, lost is thy chance. Sir king, Mankind's Flesh. (Then Flesh will cry aloud to Gluttony, Sloth and Lechery. Gluttony, Sloth, and Lechery leave Greediness' scaffold, and approach Flesh) LECHERY Say now thy will, Sir Flesh, why criest thou so shrill? FLESH Ah, Lechery, thou scurvy mare! And thou Gluttony, God give thee woe! And vile Sloth, evil may you fare! Why let you Mankind from you go Into yon castle go great? Bad luck hit you all in the snout! Now I am placed in great doubt! Why looked you not better about? By Belial's bones, I shall you beat! (He descends from his scaffold driving them before him. Then he will flog them in the place) BACKBITER Now, by God, this is good game! I, Backbiter, now bear me well: If I had lost my fame, Pity it were in God's name! I drive those shrews to much shame: They fight each other hard, pell mell! I backbiter, with fake fame Do break and burst hoods of steel! All through this country men me know. Now will I begin forth to go, And make Greediness have a knock or two -And then, there'll be no more to do Of my job I'll have you know! (To the World ) Hail, Hail, Hail, Hail, strong on thy mound! gaily girt upon ground! fairest flower to be found! sir World, you dress me astounds!

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WORLD

(Sitting on his scaffold) 1685

Backbiter, come thou out, Thou tellest lies again, no doubt, You are so strong and stout. What tidings bring you about? BACKBITER Nothing good -- that thou shalt know! Mankind, sir World, hath thee forsaken; With Shrift and Penance he does go, And to yon castle he hath him taken, Among yon ladies; he's returned your token -Lo, Sir World! you should sigh with vexedness That you've been served in this distress! Go and play with Sir Greediness Until his crown is broken!

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(Then he (World) will blow a horn for Greediness. Greediness leaves his scaffold and approaches World) GREEDINESS Sir, princeling proud, Tell me why you blow so loud? WORLD Loud, louse? the Devil burn thee! I pray God ill luck give thee! Say, why lettest thou Mankind Into yon castle to escape? I believe you're beginning to rave! See here as Mankind is now gone, Our gracious game cannot be won: Therefore a beating long, Harlot thou shalt have! (He descends from his scaffold. Then he will beat him) GREEDINESS Mercy! mercy! I can stand no more! Thou hast me pushed and pulled in pits! I scowl! I sob! I sigh sore! -My head is beaten all to bits! To all your state I'll you restore, If you'll abate your beastly blows: Mankind, now lost and more I'll make come out from yon cursed cows To your gracious hall. If you will no more mangle me I'll make Mankind come out freely. He shall forsake, as thou shalt see, 1700

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The fair Virtues all. WORLD Get to it, then, the devil thee tear! Thou shalt be pickled in hell pit! Hurry, my banner up thou bear, And besiege we the castle quick, Mankind for to steal! When Mankind there grows good, I, World, am in mad mood! Those bitches we'll bind with their own blood, With sturdy strokes of steel! Quick, let my banner flutter free, And hold we high our hideous hand! Those bitches' bane I bear with me -There shall no virtues dwell in my land! Meekness is that mother that I mean: For her I brew a bitter bond! She shall die upon this green If she comes near my hand. Yon rascals with their rumps! I am the World! It is my will The Castle of Virtue for to spill! Proclaim it high upon yon hill, You traitors, with your trumps! (A fanfare is blown for the World. Then World, Greediness, and Folly will go to the Castle with a banner and the Devil will say:) BELIAL I hear trumpets in terror to tremble: The worthy World walks to war, Yon castle to crush and to crumble -Those maidens' mercies for to mar! Spread my pennon on the field, And strike we forth, now, under star! Shape up now your shining shield, Yon scurvy scamps for to scare Upon yon green grass! Come on boys, look alive, Forever now I'll greatly strive! While Mankind lives a holy life, I'll not be well at ease. Make you ready, all three, Bold battle to boast in pride! To yon field let us flee, And bear my banner far and wide! At yon castle I will be. Those murmuring mothers shall have their meed, Unless they yield up to me: With bitter blows they shall bleed;

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Of their rest I'll them bereave; In woeful waters I'll them wash! Have done fellows, be we brash, And go we thither, in a rush, That castle for to cleave! PRIDE Now, now! Now, go now! -On high hill let us shout! For in Pride is my prowess you know, Thy bold banner to bear about. To Goliath I make a vow: For to shoot each of you scamps On her arse, so black and blue. I shall both strap and stamp, And give Meekness much mischance! Belial, bright, at thy behest I, Pride, go with thee next, And bear thy banner before my breast With a comely countenance!

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(Pride raises Belial's banner, and Belial and his lieutenants arm themselves and make preparation to go into battle, with shouts and much noise) FLESH I hear a hideous shouting on high! Quick, bid my banner forth to blaze! When I sit in my saddle, its a fabulous sight; I gape like Gog-magog when I start to gaze. 1785 To this worthy, wild world I'll wager my weight I'll wreak them to rubble, their smiles I shall smash! Both with shot and with sling I'll cast with great sleight And yon comely castle I'll cause for to crash In my flood! 1790 I am Man's Flesh: where I go I am Man's greatest foe; I'll bring him to woe When he turns to good. Therefore, you bold boys, burst from your bench! Sharply on their shields your shafts you shiver! And Lechery, lady, attack thou a wench -Let us Mankind from yon castle recover! Help we must him win: Attack we all apace With our gear and good grace, To snatch Mankind from that place, Into deadly sin! GLUTTONY Lo, Sir Flesh, how I fare to the field, With a faggot in hand, those bitches to burn! 1805 1795

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(Gluttony displays a bundle of sticks and a firebrand of wood intended for firing the Castle) With a wreath made of wood, my weapon I wield. From my long lance those ladies a lesson will learn! Go we with our gear: Those bitches shall blanch and blubber; I shall make each one shudder, With my smoke I'll them smother, They shall shit for fear!

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(Then they will descend into the platea. When all the forces of the three great powers have come down into "the place" and are drawn up ready for battle, the Bad Angel begins to speak) BAD ANGEL (He speaks to Belial:) Aux armes! As a herald, high now I shout! Devil, dress thee as a duke, to cause those damsels doubts! Belial, as a bold boy, thy shield to bear I choose: 1815 Help drive Mankind from the villains' house! Pride, spread thy banner of rage for to wreck: Make mother Meekness melt to a speck! Wrath, pester Patience, that silly sack! Envy, to Charity turn thy attack, 1820 Do not stare! With Pride, Wrath, and Envy, These devils, doughty three, As comely, king, I decree, Mankind will catch with care! 1825 (To Flesh:) Flesh, frail and fresh, fatly fed: With Gluttony, Sloth, and Lechery, Man's soul slay now! As a doughty duke, make them thee dread! Arm thee with arms from top to toe -Shoe this day thou art a king royally fed! Gluttony, slay thou Abstinence, with wicked woe! By Chastity, thou -- Lecher -- must not be led! Sloth, beat thou Busynesss on the buttocks blue! Do now thy part, so all these may thee know. (To World:) Worthy, witty, well dressed and so wise, Let Greediness shout and yell his loud cries! (He turns to the audience) Here be bold bachelors all thy allies -Mankind to harm with a blow! MANKIND (On the battlements of the Castle) That great duke that died on rood, 1835

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This day my soul keep and save! When Mankind draws to good, Behold what enemies he shall have! The World, the Devil, the Flesh are mad -For Mankind's soul they plot right well! Bitter woe they wish he had, Poor Man, in torment, sunk in hell, Sirs, the truth to say. Therefore each man, beware of this! For while Mankind full clean is, His foes shall tempt him to do amiss, If they can by any way!12 Therefore, sirs, be now glad With alms-deeds and orison For to do so our Lord bade: Stiffly withstand your temptation. With this foul fiend I am near mad! (He indicates the Bad Angel) For battle they dress them down. Surely I should be over-led -(If I were not in this castle town) -With sins so sore they smart! Whoso will live out of distress, And lead his life in cleanliness, In this castle of virtue and goodness He must wholly have his heart.13 GOOD ANGEL (In the Castle, with Mankind and the Virtues) Ah, Meekness, Charity, and Patience -Joyous gentles that conscience pricks! Chastity, Business, and Abstinence My hope, ladies in you is bent! Help, thou beloved sweeter than incense, Red as the rose that from stalk has been rent! This day, prepare ye a good defence! Although Mankind has a good intent, His wayward will defend. Mankind though now behind this wall (He indicates the Castle defences) Through weakness is inclined to fall; Therefore, ladies, I pray you all, Help this day Mankind! MEEKNESS God, that sitteth in heaven on high, Save all mankind, by sea and sand! Let him swell here and be us by, And we shall give him a helping hand. Yet, forsooth saw never I

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That any fault in us he found, But that we saved him from sin so sly If he would by us stiffly stand, In this castle of stone. Therefore dread thee not, Man's Angel dear -If he will dwell with us here, The seven sins shall not him snare, Nor his enemies, each one! Now, my seven sisters sweet, This day falls to us the fate Mankind for to shield and keep From deadly sin that God does hate. His enemies stray all around, To kill Mankind with cruel spite! Therefore, our flowers let us float down, And keep we him, as we have shown, Among us in this hall. Therefore, seven sisters sweet, Let our virtues like raindrops beat! This day we will our Mankind keep Against these devils all! BELIAL This day the vanguard I will hold: Lift high my banner precious Pride! Mankind to drive to sorrows cold, Bold battle now will I bide. Bustle boys in every way! -All men that to me now do hold, Both the young and the old, Envy! Wrath! -- ye boys so bold -With battering blows rush on, I say! PRIDE Aux armes! Meekness I am thy fate, All with pride painted and dressed (He raises his pennon) What sayest thou, hypocrite, I thee so hate With robes so rich and purely pressed -Great gowns! -- I shall thee hack. To mar thee, Meekness, I'm obsessed, No worldly wit I lack -Lo! thy castle is all beset! Mothers how shall ye do? Meekness, yield thee to me, do not bide! My name in land is precious Pride; My bold banner I do not hide: Mother what sayst thou thereto? MEEKNESS (Raising a banner of the Passion) Against thy banner of pride and boast,

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A banner of meekness and mercy I put, against pride, well thou knowest, That shall counter thy cursed cry! This meek king is known in every coast, That was crucified in Calvary. When he came down from the heavenly host. And I lighted with meekness in Mary, This Lord thus descended low. When he came from the Trinity, Into a maiden lighted he -And all was for to destroy thee, Pride, this shalt thou know! 14 For when Lucifer fell to hell, Thou, Pride, were the sin chosen, And -- thou devil with wicked will! -In Paradise trapped us with treason. So thou us bound in fetters ill -This may I prove by right reason: 'Till this duke that died on hill, In heaven man might never have season. The Gospel says it right: "For, whoso loves him shall be high." Therefore, they shalt not come us nigh; And though thou be never so sly, I shall counter thy fight!15 WRATH Dame Patience, what sayst thou to Wrath-and-Ire? Put Mankind from thy castle clear, Or I shall tear at thine attire With the stiff stones that I have here! I shall shoot my bolts at thee, higher and higher, And be avenged hastily here -Thus, Beelzebub, our great sire, Bad me burn thee with wild fire, Thou bitch black as coal! Therefore, fast -- foul scum -Put Mankind thee from, Or I'll beat thee like a drum, Thou mother! thou suck-hole!. PATIENCE From thy beating, Christ me shield This same day and all mankind!16 Thou wretched Wrath, mad and wild, Patience shall cause thy end! For Mary's son, meek and mild, Tore thee up, root and rind, When he stood, meeker than a child, And let boys him beat and bind. Therefore, wretch, be still! Of those despoilers he could dispose, For he is God, -- as Mankind knows --

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And yet, to be crucified on the cross He suffered all their will. Thousands of angels he might have had To avenge him there full quick; And yet, to die there he was glad, To teach us patience we should pick. Therefore, boy, with thy boisterous blade, Go away with thy thoughts so sick! -For I will do as Jesus bad: And ward off wretches from these walls thick With a strong defence! If thou triest to come aloft, I shall drive you from this croft With these roses, sweet and soft, Painted with Patience! (She shows to Wrath and the audience the roses which will be the Virtues' chief weapon in the ensuing battles) ENVY Out! My heart begins to break! For Charity, that stands so stout, Alas, my vengeance now I'll wreak! Yield up this castle, thou dish clout! It is my manner, foul to speak -False slanders to bear about Charity! may the devil thee check Unless I strike thee with blows so stout, Thy shield for to tear! Let Mankind to us come down, Or I shall let fly to this castle town A full foul defamation! -Therefore this bow I bear! CHARITY Although thou spread slanderous fame, I shall not fail to do my deed. Whoso smears falsely another man's name, Christ's curse he shall have indeed: 17 "Whoso will not his tongue tame," -Take it as true as mass-creed -"Woe, woe to him and much shame!" In holy writ, this I read. Forever thou art a shrew Though thou speak evil, I don't care a curse -I shall do never the worse! At the last, the true verse Surely himself shall show. Our lovely Lord, without a flaw Gave example of Charity, When he was beaten, black and blue, For trespass that never did he: Nor any virtue did he lack, 2005

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And yet for sin, for all to see, He took his cross upon his back, Sinful man, and all for thee! Thus he made defence. Envy, with thy slanders thick, I live again his suffering sick; Yet I will do good against the wicked, And keep in silence. BELIAL What! for Belial's bones, What about chatter ye? Have done, ye boys! All at once Beat down these wenches now, all three! Work wrack upon these walls! The vanguard is granted me: Make these wenches utter wails -Your doughty deeds now let's see! Sear them all with stripes! Beat them, boys, blue and black -Cause these wenches woe and wrack! Clarions! cry up at a crack! And blow your broad bagpipes!

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(Then they will fight for a long while. At conclusion of this attack, which fails to breach the outer defences of the Castle, Pride, Wrath, and Envy are driven off by a shower of roses thrown down on them by Meekness, Patience, and Charity) PRIDE Out! My proud back is bowed! Meekness beastly has me beat: Pride by Meekness has been cowed! I wail and weep, with wounds so wet -I am beaten in the head! My proud pride down is driven. So sharply Meekness hath me shriven That I may be no longer living: I feel that I am dead! ENVY All my enmity is not worth a fart: I shit and shake all in my sheet! Charity, that tawdry tart, With fair roses my head did break! My skin's in a scabrous manner! With worthy words, and flowers sweet, Charity makes me so meek I dare neither cry nor creep -Not a shout of slander. WRATH

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I, Wrath, may cry for woe! Patience gave me a sorry dint: I am beaten all black and blue With a rose that from rood was rent! My speech is almost spent! Her roses fell on me so sharp That my head hangs just like a harp; I dare neither cry nor carp, She is so patient! BAD ANGEL (To Belial and his forces) Go hence! You are not worth a turd! Foul fall on you, all four! (He goes to Flesh and his forces) Attack now! sharp's the word! Sir Flesh, with thine eyes sour! For fear I shit and cower! Sir Flesh, with thy company, Quick, quick, make a cry! Help us hold up our villainy, That this day may be ours! FLESH Ware! Ware! Let Man's Flesh go to -I come with a company! Have done, my children! now let's go! Gluttony, Sloth, and Lechery! Each of you must glory show! Let now Mankind win mastery -Let him be slung in a foul slough, Try to endow him with folly! Do now well your deed: Quick let's see how you'll begin Mankind to tempt to deadly sin. If you can this castle win, Hell shall be your meed! GLUTTONY Ware! Glutton's smoke shall make a stench Against the castle, I vow! Abstinence, though thou blanch, I look on thee with bitter brow! I have a firebrand here, thou fop! With it I'll set Mankind aflame! My foul flame thou shalt not stop, I vow to God, by name! Therefore put him out here In disease-ridden Gluttony. With good meats and drinks you see I nourish my sister Lechery, 'Til Man runs on fire!

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ABSTINENCE Thy meat and drink are all unkind When they the mean of measure lack: They make men mad and out of mind, And work them both woe and wrack. Though for her thou dost here kindle, Certain, thy sureness shall be shorn By the bread that brought us out of hell, And on the cross was rent and torn -I mean the sacrament! That same blissful bread That hung on high 'til he was dead Shall temper so my maidenhead That thy purpose shall be spent. (She addresses the audience) In abstinence this bread was brought, Surely, Mankind, and all for thee! For forty days ate he nought, And then was nailed to a tree. 18 Example was us taught: In soberness he bad us be (She turns back to Gluttony) Therefore, Mankind shall not be caught, Gluttony and be like thee. The truth shalt thou see: Though fattening with food is all thy way, Abstinence shall take it away 'Till thou be closed all under clay And wishing thou couldst flee! LECHERY Lo, Chastity, -- tight as a tick -This day here thou shalt expire! I make a burning in Man's prick, That leaps up as any fire! (She raises the firebrand she is carrying) These cursed coals I bear about, To put Man to pain for aye. Men and women have no doubt With pissing pockets they all play. I bind them in my chains! I have no rest, (by my Fame) With men and women all the same, 'Til I, Lechery, be set aflame In all Mankind's loins! CHASTITY I, Chastity, have power in this place, 2135 2125 2105

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Thee, Lechery, to bind and beat! Maiden Mary, well of grace, Shall quench that foul heat.19 Our Lord God made thee no space When his blood flowed in the street. From this castle he did thee chase, When he was crowned with thorns great And green. When death's dart pierced our Lord so bright, And ruffians did him great despite, In Lechery had he no delight, And that was clearly seen! From Our Lady I learn my lesson: To lead a chaste life 'til I be dead. She is queen, and bears the crown --. And all was for her maidenhead! Therefore, go from this castle town, Lechery, now I thee bid, For Mankind bringest thou not down To sully him with sinful seed! In care thou wouldst him cast. And if thou come up to me, Truly, thou shalt beaten be With the rod of Chastity While my life may last! SLOTH Ware! Ware! I dig with a spade! "Lord Sir Sloth" men call me.

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(Sloth digs at the bank or wall of the Castle moat with his spade) Ghostly grace I spill and spread: The water of grace from this ditch I empty! (He turns and addresses the other Sins) You shall come here right soon enough, By this dry ditch where springs no seed! (He then addresses Busyness as he continues to dig) Thirty thousand that I will know, In my life lovely I lead, Who had rather sit at the ale, Three part songs to sing aloud, Than toward the church for to crowd. Busyness, thou bitch, thou bawd! -I brew for thee thy bale! INDUSTRY A, good men, beware now all Of Slug-and-Sloth, this foul thief! To the soul he is more bitter than gall -2175

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Root he is of much mischief! God's service that leads us to heaven's hall, This rascal's hinderings are rife. Whoso will shrive him of his sins all, Will put this rascal to much mischief, That Mankind would miscarry. Sloth proclaims penance worth not a piss! He would that man would never confess, But always he wants Mankind, as he, Forever in sin to tarry. (She indicates Sloth, still digging at the bank or wall of the Castle moat) Therefore he makes this ditch dry, To put Mankind to great distress: He makes deadly sin a ready way Into the Castle of Goodness! But with pain I shall him tie, Through the help of heaven's empress, With my beads, for it he'll pay! And other occupations, more and less, I'll devise to shame him, indeed, For whoever will Sloth put down With beads and with orison Or some honest occupation -As a book that he may read.20 FLESH Ye, for our Belial's bones, the King, Why stand you here about all day? Caitiffs, let be your cackling, And strike at them in good array! Gluttony, thou gut guzzling, Slay Abstinence, if thou may! Lechery, with thy working To Chastity make a wicked way As well you know. And while we fight For our right From horns on height Let blasts now blow!

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(Then they shall fight a long time. During this second assault, the outer defences of the Castle -- the moat or other barriers -- are breached by Sloth, but the Sins are driven back by the Virtues from the Castle itself) GLUTTONY Out, Gluttony! down I drive! Abstinence has me so hurt! Sir Flesh, I shall never thrive -I am not worth the devil's turd! I've been beaten like a skivvy! I am all beaten, top and tail! --

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With Abstinence no more I'll deal! I will go hide and quail At home in your privy. LECHERY Out on Chastity, by the rood, She hath me beaten and drenched! May she have the curse of God, For all my fire the queen has quenched! For fear I fall on my face. At the end of a rope may she ride! Here dare I no longer abide -Somewhere my head I would hide, As an urchin in disgrace! SLOTH Out, I die! -- lay on water! I swoon, I sweat, I faint, I'm ill! Yon whore with her pitter-patter Has dashed to bits my scabbed skull -It is as soft as wool! Ere I take another bash, I'll creep away to find a splash, Where I may my balls wash, And play shall me rule. BAD ANGEL Ya! The devil drive you to the pit! For sorrow I mourn here on ground! I carp, I cry, I curse, I shit! I fret, I fart with fearful sound! And myself befoul. (To the World) Now, Sir World, whatever it costs, Help now, or this we will have lost: We must now not give up the ghost -That thought does make me howl! WORLD Now, Greediness! your banner advance! Here comes a battle, noble and new -For since thou was a small infant, Greediness, thou hast been true. Now end off that damsel -- do her daunt! Bitter torment for her brew! Thy reward, boy, I thee grant: On the Canwick gallows to hang in view -That would suit you well! Go, Sir Greediness! Work on in the best wise; Make Mankind come and rise

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From yon virtues all1 GREEDINESS

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(Walks forward and shouts to an unseen Mankind within the Castle) How, Mankind! you me offend Because you are in that stronghold. Come, and speak with thy best friend, Sir Greediness -- thou knowest me of old. What, devil, will you live there longer With great penance, in that castle cold? In the world -- if thou wilt -- wander, Among men and bear you bold, Why not, by Saint Giles? Now, Mankind, I thee say, Come to Greediness, I thee pray! We two shall together play -If thou wilt -- a while. GENEROSITY Ah, God help! I am dismayed! I curse thee, Greediness, as I can, For surely, traitor, thou hast betrayed Now nearly every earthly man. So many have been harassed By Greediness since the world began. God almighty is not pleased Since thou, fiend, are the World's bane. Thy net full wide thou cast! You prey on men till they are mad -They go to hell for World's good! But that Lord that rested on the rood Will make an end at last! There is no dispute nor debate Through this wide world so round, Day or night, early or late, But that Greed is the source. Thou nourishest Pride, Envy and Hate -Thou Greediness -- I give a curse! Christ ward you off from our gate, And keep us from thee safe and sound, That thou no good here win! Sweet Jesus, gentle justice, Keep Mankind from Greediness -For truly he is, in all wise The root of sorrow and sin! GREEDINESS What ails thee, Lady Largit -Damsel so dainty upon thy dais? I didn't speak at all to thee, Therefore, I pray thee, hold thy peace! 2310 2285

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(He ignores her, and shouts again to Mankind, still unseen within the Castle) Now, Mankind! Come speak with me! Come, lay thy love here in my lease! Greediness is a friend right free, Thy sorrow, Man, to slake and cease. Greediness hath many a gift -Mankind thine hand hither thou reach! Greediness shall be thy leech: The right way I shall thee teach To prosperity and thrift. MANKIND (Mankind appears on the battlements of the Castle, now an old man) Greediness, whither should I wend? Which way do you wish I should hold? To what place wouldst thou me send? I begin to grow hoary and old; My back begins to bow and bend; I crawl and creep and wax all cold. Age man's life does expend -Body, and bones, begin to fold! My bones are feeble and sore; I am arrayed in a slop; As a young man, I may not hop; My nose is cold and begins to drop; My hair grows grey and hoar. GREEDINESS Peter! Thou hast the more need To have some goods in thine age -Marks, pounds, lackeys to lead, Houses, homes, castle and cage! Therefore do as I caution: With Greediness thou should engage. Come! I'll now present thy petition. To worthy World who'll give thee wage, Not a little, its true. Come on, old man! it is no disgrace That Greediness favours your face. If you die in distress, The blame is all on you. MANKIND No, no, these ladies of great goodness Will not let me go amiss; And though I be a while in distress, When I die, I shall go to bliss. It is but folly, as I guess -All of this world's happiness, These lovely ladies, more and less, 2350 2315

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In wise words they tell me this -The Book of Nature is clear. I will not do these ladies despite, And forsake them all so light. To dwell here is my delight -My best friends truly are here! GREEDINESS Ya! Up and down if you take your way, Through this world to walk and wend, And thou shalt find, true to say, Thy purse shall be thy best friend! Though thou sit all day and pray, No man shall come to thee nor send. But if thou have a penny to pay, Men shall to thee then listen and tend, And cure all thy care. Therefore to me cling, with me engage -Be covetous and so be sage! If thou be poor and needy in age, Thou shalt often evil fare. MANKIND Greediness thou advisest well. So great God me advance, All thy bidding do I will: I forsake the Castle of Perseverance! With Greediness I will be kept For to get some sustenance. Before a meal, men must meat get; It is good, for all chance, Some goods somewhere to hide. (To the audience) Surely, this you will know: It is good, however the wind blow, A man to have somewhat of his own, What hap soever betide. GOOD ANGEL A, ladies! I pray you of grace! Help to keep here Mankind! He will forsake this precious place, And draw again to deadly sin. Help, ladies, lovely in lace -He goes from this worthy dwelling! Greediness away you chase, And shut Mankind somewhere herein, Among your worthy ways. (Then he descends to Greediness) Oh, wretched Man! Thou shalt be wroth --

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That sin shall be to thee full loth! A, sweet ladies, help! -- he goeth Away with Greediness! HUMILITY Good Angel, what may I do thereto? -Himself may his soul spill. Mankind to do what he will do, God hath given him a free will. Though he drown and his soul slay, We must let him do as he would. Since in this castle he came to stay We have done with him what we could -And now he hath us refused. As long as he was within this castle wall, We kept him from sin -- you saw well all; And now he wills again to sin to fall, I pray you hold us excused. PATIENCE Reason will excuse us all: He held the axe by the helve; Thou he will to folly fall, No one's to blame but himself. While he chose to dwell in this hall, From deadly sin we did him keep. He brews himself a bitter gall, When by death's dints he's stricken deep. This game he'll regret indeed! His is endowed with wits five For to rule him in his life. We virtues will not with him strive -He'll deserve what he will get! CHARITY Of his deed there's nought to be done: He will no longer by us be led. When he asked ought, we heard his boon, And of his presence we were right glad. But, as thou seest, he's forsaken us soon -As Christ him bade, he will not do! Mary, thy Son above the moon Make Mankind both steady and true, In grace for to go! For if he will to Folly flit We may not hinder it -(She now addresses the audience) He is of age, to use his wit You all of you well know! ABSTINENCE (To the audience)

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Every one, you know he is a fool, In Greediness to do his deeds. World's wealth is like a three-footed-stool: It fails a man at his most need!21 When he is dead in Death's dole, The judgment book I shall him read. His pain shall take a terrible toll When he shall burn on coals so red. He shall him learn a new law! Be he never so rich with Worldly wealth, His executors shall help themselves: "Make us merry, let's drink our health -He was a good fellow." CHASTITY (To the audience) When he is dead, their sorrow is least. The one executor sayeth to the other, "Make we merry with a rich feast, And let him lie, in death's dark smother." -- 22 So his part shall be the smallest. The sister servith thus the brother. I think a man no better than a beast, No man can learn by the faults of another Till his own web he has spun.

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(She addresses Mankind who has by now joined Greediness in "the place") Thou shalt see that day, Man, a prayer bead Shall stand thee more in stead Than all the wealth you might get, Surely, under the sun! INDUSTRY Mankind, of one thing I have wonder -That thou takest not into thy mind, When body and soul shall be parted in sunder No Worldly wealth shall with thee wend. 23 When thou art dead, and in earth laid under, Ill-gotten wealth thee shall destroy: In the scales of justice, have no wonder, It shall weigh light at thy end, Thy soul in hell to bind! (She now addresses the audience) And yet, Mankind -- as it is seen -With Greediness goes on this green: This traitor all our harm has been And his at his life's end! GENEROSITY Out, I cry! -- with roaring rough -On Greediness, as I well may. Mankind saith he hath never enough 2480 2475

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'Til his mouth be full of clay. 24 When he is slain by death's blow, What help's riches or great array? It flies away as any snow, At once after thy ending day, To World's wild service. Now, good men -- all that here be -Have my sisters excused, and me. Though Mankind from this castle flee, Blame it on Greediness! BAD ANGEL (In "the place", to Mankind) Ya! Go forth, let the whores blether -Where women are, are many words! Let them go hop with their feathers -Where geese sit are many turds! With Greediness shalt thou now settle, And hang thine heart upon his hoards. Thou shalt be shaken in my shackle! Unbind thy bags on his boards, On his benches above. By God thou art no part of mankind, Unless Greediness be in thy mind. If ever thou think to expand, On him lay thou thy love! MANKIND Needs must my love to him be lost, With Greediness to toss and wave. I know no one of all my kind That wealth does not covet to have. Penny-man is much in mind -My love in him I lay as a slave! Where that ever I walk or wend, In weal or woe he will me have. He is great of grace: Whereso my footsteps do me lead, Penny-man best may speed; He is a duke to do a deed Now in every place!

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(He begins to walk with Greediness, to Greediness' scaffold) GOOD ANGEL Alas, that ever Mankind was born! On Greediness is all his lust. Night and day, midnight and morn, In Penny-man is all his trust. Greediness shall make him lorn When he is driven down to dust -To much shame he shall be shorn, With foul fiends he'll rot and rust! Alas! What shall I do? Alas! Alas, so may I say

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Man goes with Greediness away! Have me excused, there is no way I can do aught thereto. WORLD Aha! This game goes as I would.! Mankind will never the World forsake; Till he be dead and under the mould, Wholly to me he will him take; By Greediness he hath him stood; With my wealth he will awake! For a thousand pounds I would That Greediness were Man's mate, For sure, in every wise! All these games he shall bewail, For I, the World, am of this entail: In his most need I shall him fail -And all is for Greediness!

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(The World and his retinue, and all the remaining forces on the battlefield in "the place", return to their scaffolds. Mankind and Greediness have reached the foot of Greediness' scaffold) GREEDINESS Now, Mankind, take heed of this: Thou art now well on in age; I would thou not fare amiss. Let me show you my castle cage. (Mankind and Greediness ascend Greediness' scaffold) In this bower I shall thee bless: Worldly wealth shall be thy wage! More cash than is thine, iwis, Take thou at this special stage, And look that thou do wrong. Greediness, I'll show my lore: And thee endow with a full store, But always, always say "more and more" -And that shall by thy song MANKIND Ah, Greediness, may you have good grace! Surely thou bearest the truest tongue: "More and more" in many a place, Surely that song is often sung. I never knew a many anywhere, Who said 'til he in the grave was flung, "Enough!" -- "enough" I never hear! That silly song 'twas never sung, Nor will I now begin. Good Greediness, I thee pray That I might with thee play. Give me wealth enough before I die, 2545

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The joy of the World to win! GREEDINESS (Opens his "cupboard", and takes out money which he gives to Mankind) Have here, Mankind, a thousand marks! I, Greediness, have thee this got. Thou mayst buy with it both pond and park, Do with it much of note. Lend no man of this, for no one care, Thou he should hang by the throat! -Monk nor friar, priest nor clerk. Nor help with it church nor cot, Till death thy body fell. Though he should die in a cave, Let no poor man of it have. Till thou be in thy grave Keep all just for thyself. MANKIND I vow to God, it is great husbandry! Of thee I take these coins so round. I shall hurry, so no man me spy, To hide this gold under the ground. There shall it lie until I die -It may be kept there safe and sound. Though my neighbour be hung so high, Of it gets he neither penny nor pound! Yet I am not well at ease: Now would I have castle walls, Strong steeds, sturdy in stalls. With tall words and high halls, For me Greediness, get these! GREEDINESS All shalt thou have, all ready -- lo! -At thine disposition. All this wealth take thee to: (He gives Mankind the "cupboard" full of riches) Cliff and coast, tower and town, This hast thou got by sinful blow From thy neighbour by extortion. "More and more" say yet; to and fro! (Mankind begins to descend from the scaffold, carrying the "cupboard") Till thou be dead and dropping down, The World's deceptions you must make! "More and more" say yet with speed For more than enough thou hast need. All this world where'er you lead, 2600 2570

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Thy greediness may not slake! MANKIND Slake? -- it never no man may! Great enough my pile will never grow! There's no Worldly Wealth, night nor day, But that I think it is too slow. "More and more" yet I say, And shall ever, while I may blow! In Greediness my faith I lay, And shall till death me overthrow. "More and more" -- as I am given. If I might always dwell in prosperity, Lord God then it were well with me: I would take my reward, and forsake thee, And never come to heaven. 2610

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(Mankind has by this time reached his bed, under the castle. He puts the "cupboard" of riches from Greediness down at the foot of the bed, and takes out its contents in preparation for hiding them in the ground. Death enters into "the place", carrying a lance) DEATH Oh! now the time is nigh To fell Mankind with Death's dint! In all his works, he serves folly; Much of his life he has misspent. To Mankind I draw nigh; With bloody blows he shall be rent! When I come, each man dreads me, But I will not relent, On high hill, holt, nor heath. You shall me dread, everyone! When I come, you shall groan! My name on earth is left alone -I am called dreary Death.! Dreary is my death draught: Against me may no man stand. I lie in wait and bring to nought, Lords and ladies in every land. Those whom I have a lesson taught, Scarcely afterwards may he stand In my harmful clothes he shall be caught. Rich, poor, free, and bond -When I come, they go no more! In every land my way does lead, Every man of me has dread. I will not cease, for reward indeed To smite sad and sore! Noble dukes are in dread When my blasts to them I blow; Princes of price are out-played -With this lance I lay them low!

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Kings keen and knights well bred, I do them bury by a throw; In the grave I make them a bed -Sad sorrow to them I sow! I harm them, as I know. Though they fret like a foal at a fence, Against me is no defence. In the great pestilence, Then was I well known! But now they me almost forget: Men to Death they pay no heed. In Greediness their Wealth they get -Great fishes eat the small, indeed! But when my deadly dart I deal, Those proud men I shall abase; Help them shall neither drink nor meal Till they're driven to death's dark place. My law they shall learn: There is neither penny nor pound That shall save you, safe and sound When you are buried under the ground -There may no man me spurn! (He turns towards Mankind) To Mankind now my arm I'll reach -He hath his whole heart on Greediness. A new lesson I will him teach, That shall him neither suit nor please! No living person shall be his leech. To him I'll prove my enterprise: With this point his flesh I'll breach, And strike him in a woeful wise! (He raises the lance, and moves towards Mankind) Nobody shall take his part. I shall thee shape to shame and shock: Now I kill thee, with my knock; I strike thee, Mankind, with my stroke Unto the root of my heart! (He strikes Mankind with the lance. At this blow, Mankind turns and sees Death for the first time. Death turns and walks out of "the place".) MANKIND Ah Death! Death! Bitter is thy blow! -Dead is my destiny! My head is cleft all in two! For this shaft of sorrow now I cry. My eye-lids may I not lift; My brain has waxed all empty; I may not once my head uplift -With Death's blow now I die!

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(He calls to World on his scaffold) Sir World! I am taken! World! World, have me in mind! Good Sir World, help now Mankind! Unless thou help me, Death shall me end -His stern stroke has me stricken! World! my wit waxes wrong; I change both hide and hue; My eyelids with tears are wrung -I shall grieve unless help come from you! Now, hold to what you've promised so long, For fellowship, both old and new: Release me of my pains strong; Some balm for me I would thou brew, That I may sing thy praise! World, for old acquaintance, Help me from this sorry chance! Death has struck me with his lance -I die but for thy grace! WORLD (On his scaffold) 2695

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Oh, Mankind! Hath Death with thee been? -Against him there's no help in rage. I would thou were under grass so green, And another had thy heritage. Our bond of live I soon shall break; And cold clay shall be thy cage. Now shall the World on thee vengeance wreak: For thou hast done so great outrage, Thy wealth thou shalt forego. World's goods thou hast thee forsworn, And by devils dark thou shalt be torn -Thus have I left forlorn Hundred of souls before you! MANKIND O World, World may you go in woe! (He turns to Greediness on his scaffold) And thou, sinful Greediness! -When that a man must from you go, You work with him in wondrous wise! The wit of this World is sorrow and woe. Beware, good men, of his disguise! Thus he hath served others too: Sorrow is all his final prize! He bears a harmful tongue: While I gave him all my lot, You see what joy from him I got -And now he would I were a clod, In cold clay for to cling!

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(He falls to the ground, under the Castle. World calls to the Boy sitting on or by his scaffold) WORLD Hey boy, arise! (The Boy jumps up) Now must thou wend On my errand, by step and stall: Go! -- brew Mankind a bitter bond, And put him out of his hall! Let him therein no longer stand, Burst to pieces may be his gall. For thou art not of his kind, All his heritage will to thee befall: Thus fare my fair confrres! Oft times to you I've said, Those men whose lives are led, Away from you, not near your bed, Shall be your next heirs. BOY Worthy World, in wealth all wound, I thank thee for thy great gift! I go glad upon this ground, To put Mankind out of his thrift. Behold he stinks upon his mount. Into a pit I shall him lift; His parks, places and pennies round, With me shall stay, by this shift, In hap as they are bound. For I think for to deal, I vow to God, neither corn nor meal. If he has a shroud, it suits him well, Wherein he may be wound. (Then he goes to Mankind.) How fare you Mankind? Art thou dead? 2765 2740

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(He lifts Mankind's fallen body with some difficulty) By God's body, I'd say "yes" -He is heavier than any lead! (He carries the body out of the castle, and lets it fall to the ground) I would he were buried under grass! (He makes to return to the castle. Mankind raises his head and calls out to him) MANKIND

Wait! I stir and raise my head! What art thou? What do you intend? Do you come for evil or good? Grief's pricks do me torment, The truth to say. Tell me now, so God thee save, From whom comest thou, good knave? What dost thou here? What wouldst thou have? -Tell me before I die. BOY I am come to have all that thou hast -Ponds, parks and every place! All thou hast got, both first and last, The World has granted it me, of his grace, For I have been his page. He knows well thou shalt be dead, Nevermore to eat bread; Therefore he now has said Who shall have thine heritage. MANKIND What the devil! Thou art not of my kin! Thou did me never so manner of good! I'd rather some nephew or some cousin, Or some man had it of my blood: My kin I would it had! If I must leave behind my wealth, And have no good of it myself. By God and by his apostles twelve, I think the World be mad! BOY Ya! Ya! Thy wish shall mean the least! Die on -- for I am master here! I'll make for thee a noble feast, Then get to work, I have no fear. (He takes the bags of riches Mankind received from Greediness) The World bad me this gold arrest, Woods and halls and castles clear. The World's joy and his gentle jest Is now thine, now mine, both far and near. Go hence -- for this is mine! Since thou art dead -- must die today -By thy death, sir, I am made gay: Though thou know not the World's way, He has given me all that was thine! MANKIND I pray thee now, since this wealth thou shalt get,

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Tell me thy name ere I go. BOY Look thou it not forget -My name is "I don't know who"!

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(He takes the bags of Mankind's riches, and leaves "the place". Mankind picks himself up from the ground, and speaks to the audience) MANKIND "I don't know who?" -- so well away! Now am I sorry for my life! I have purchased, many a day, Lands and rents, with much strife. I have purchased woods and hay, Parks and ponds, and bowers blithe, Good gardens, with groves gay, For my children and my wife In death when I go to grave Of my purchase I make great woe! -For, what I thought, it is not so, But a gadabout, "I don't know who" Hath all the World said I should have. Now, alas, my heart is broke -Bitter sorrows being to brew! Surely, a verse that David spoke In the psalter, I find it true25 "Treasure, treasure, thou hast shown: It is other men's, old and new." Oh! Oh! -- My wealth goes all to ruin. Sore Mankind may rue. God keep me from despair! All my goods, without fail, I have gathered with great travail, The World has ordained, of his entail, "I don't know who" to be my heir! (Mankind moves towards his bed, under the Castle) Now, good men, take example by me: Provide for yourself, while you have space -For many men thus served be, By the World in diverse places! I swell, turn pale, thus you may see, And as a flower fades my face. To Hell I shall both go and flee Unless God grant me of his grace. (He lies down on the bed) I die, certainly! Now my life is done for: My heart breaks -- I sigh sore! 2840

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A word may I speak no more. I put me in God's mercy! (Mankind dies and, as he does so, the Soul emerges from beneath his bed) SOUL "Mercy"! -- This That ever my body But Mercy help me Of damning drink, was my last tale had here. in this vale, I sorely fear.

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(The Soul turns and addresses the body of Mankind) Body thou didest brew a bitter ale, When do your lusts you began to yield! Thy silly soul must freeze in hell: I pay for thy deeds with painful thrusts -And all it is for guile! Ever thou hast been covetous, Falsely to get both land and house. For me thou hast brewed a bitter juice, So wellaway the while! (The Soul leaves the Castle, and moves towards the Good Angel in "the place") Now sweet Angel, what shall I do? With good advice now to me reach! Now my body to death shall go, Help me now and be my leech. Put thou me from the devil's dread -Thy worthy way thou me teach! I hope that God will help, and be my head, For "Mercy!" was my last speech: Thus made my body his end. ******************** 2865

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(The second leaf is missing here. There was probably a longer lament by the Soul and possibly more exchange with the Bad Angel. Perhaps there was also some rejoicing by the Vices We have simply finished the Soul's speech and provided the beginning of that of the Bad Angel.)

[Thou, by sin defiled! Son of Mary mild, That heavenly child -Christ me defend! BAD ANGEL Oh soul of man, he'll do no good! 5

Thy corpse, thine angel did forsake And wallowed wild in flesh and blood! Whatever end that he did make For many years in sin he stood. There is no chance his doom to break! Though virtues fed him with holy food. He them forsook for the World's sake And left the Castle good.] Witness of all who've been about, Sir Greediness, he had him out -Therefore he'll come, without a doubt With me to hell pit! GOOD ANGEL Ya! Alas and wailful woe, 'Gainst Greediness can I not tell! Reason wills I from thee go, For, wretched Soul, thou must to hell. Greediness he was thy foe. He hath thee shaped a shameful home -Thus hath he served many more, Till they be put to death's doom, To bitter sorrow's bower! Thou must to pain, by right reason, With Greediness -- for he was chosen. Thou are trapped, full of treason Unless Mercy be thy succour. For, this I have found right well: Against Righteousness may I not hold. Thou must with him to the cave of hell, For many reasons he hast told. (The Good Angel begins to move away from the Soul) From thee away I wander and weave; For thee I cry with cares so cold; Alone now I thee leave, While thou fallest in the fiend's hold, In hell to hide and dwell. Justice wills that thou must wend Forth away with the fiend. Unless mercy will to thee send, For thy help I have no skill. (The Good Angel leaves "the place") SOUL Alas! Mercy I wait too long! Of sad sorrow now I sing. Holy writ, it is all wrong, Unless Mercy surpass all thing. I am ordained to pains strong; In woe is prepared my dwelling;

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In hell on hooks I shall be hung! Unless Mercy from a well doth spring, This devil will have me away. (Indicating the Bad Angel) Wellaway! I was full mad That I forsook my Angel good, And with Greediness stood Till the day that I should die. BAD ANGEL Ya! Why wouldst thou be covetous, And to sin again thee turn? I shall brew thee a bitter juice! In swelling bonds thou shalt burn! In high hell shall be thine house, In pitch and tar to groan and ache! Thou shalt be drowned as a mouse -For it no man there may thee take! For that same will That day the ladies thou forsook, And to my counsel thou thee took, Thou were set to hang on a hook Upon a gibbet hill! Foul farter! Thou shalt be flayed Till thou be raw and bloody bleed! Foully thou wilt be dismayed That of thee such mastery shall be made! Since Greediness thou has sore tried, In bitter sorrow thou shalt roast! All mankind may be satisfied How Greediness makes good his boast. With blows I thee sting! (He beats the Soul) We shall to hell, both two -And suffer "in inferno Nulla est redemptio" For no thing! Now, jog we hence, a dog-trot! In my dungeon I shall thee put: On thee is many a sinful spot; Therefore, away these spots I'll cut When thou comest to my nest. Why wouldst thou -- fool, happy thou'lt never be! -In thy life follow me, When thy Good Angel taught thee Always of the best? Ya! Thou wouldst not him believe; To Greediness always thou drew! Therefore none shall thee relieve;

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Foul sin thy soul has slain -(He indicates Greediness) I shall seek thee to grieve, And harness thee in pain's plow. Have this! There shall be no reprieve! (He beats the Soul) For thou saidst never "Enough, enough," Thus lash I thee thus low! (He beats him to the ground. The Soul cries out in pain) Though thou new as a cat, For thy covetise, have thou that! (He beats him again) I shall thee hit with my bat, And rough you up in a row!

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(He beats the Soul again, and then produces a written list of Mankind's sins, which he fastens on the Soul's back). Lo! -- sinful tiding, Boy, on thy back bring! Speedily thou spring! (He forces the Soul to rise, and to jump onto his back) Thy Placebo I shall sing. To the devil's dell! I shall thee bear -- to hell! (He addresses the audience) I will not dwell: Have good day -- I go to hell! (The Bad Angel carries the Soul to Belial's scaffold, accompanied by Greediness, and they ascend. The Four Daughters of God enter into "the place") MERCY A moan I heard of "Mercy!" brief, And to me, Mercy, a cry and call. Unless it have mercy, sore it shall me grieve -For else it shall to hell fall! Righteousness, my sister above, This ye heard -- so did we all. For we were made friends in love When the Jews offered Christ aloes and gall On Good Friday, 2970 2965

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God grant that remission, Mercy, and absolution, Through virtue of his Passion, To no man should be said nay. Therefore, my sisters Righteousness -Peace and Truth -- to you I tell, When man cries "Mercy!" and will not cease, Mercy shall be his cleansing well -Witness by holy kirk. For, the least drop of blood That God bled on the rood, It promised satisfaction good For all Mankind's work. RIGHTEOUSNESS Sister, you speak with special skill, That mercy surpasses Man's misdeed; But, take mercy whoso will, He must it ask with love and dread. Every man that will fulfil The Deadly Sins, and foul misdeed, To grant them mercy, I think it ill. And therefore, sister, pay you heed, Let him pay for his misdeed! For, thou he lie in hell and stink, It serves him right, as I think. As he brewed, so let him drink! The devil shall pay him just meed.26 Believe you that when a man shall die, Then if that he mercy crave, That at once he shall have mercy? -Nay, nay, so Christ me save!27 For should a man do no good All the days of his life, But expect mercy, by the rood, That would result in war and strife And cause great grievance! Whoever in hope doth Deadly Sin To his life's end, without ceasing Justly, then, he shall win Christ's great vengeance! TRUTH Righteousness, my sister free, Your judgment is good and true: In good faith, so thinketh me, Let him still his own deeds rue! I am "Veritas" and true will be, In word and work, to old and new. Was never man lacking me Damned or saved but it was due. I am ever at Man's end. When body and soul are cut in twain,

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Then weight I his good deeds and his sin -And which of them has greater been, He shall it right soon find! For I am Truth -- and truth will tell As great God himself us bid. There shall nothing the soul fell Except the sin that the body did. (Indicating Mankind's body on the bed under the Castle) Since that he died in greediness, I, Truth, will that he go to pain. Of that sin he could not cease; Therefore his soul shall be ta'en To the pit of hell! -Else should we, both Truth and Righteousness, Be put in over-much distress; And every man should be the worse That thereof might hear tell. PEACE Peace, my sister, Verity! I pray you, Righteousness, be still! Let no man by you damned be; Nor doom you no man unto hell! He is akin to us three, Though he have not now all his will. For his love that died on a tree, Let's save Mankind from all peril, And shield him from mischance! If ye two put him to distress, It should make great heaviness Between us two, Mercy and Peace -And that were great grievance! Righteousness and Truth by me be led -And Mercy; go we to yon high place. (She indicates God's scaffold) We shall inform the high Godhead, And pray him to judge this case. (She turns to Truth and Righteousness) You shall him tell of your intent Of Truth and Righteousness; And we shall pray that his judgment May be tempered by us, Mercy and Peace. All four now go we hence, Quickly to the Trinity, And there shall we soon see Just what his judgment shall be From which there is no defence. 3065 3035

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(Then they all will ascend together to the Father and Truth will say:) TRUTH Hail, God of might! We come, thy daughters in sight: Truth, Mercy and Right, And Peace, in a peaceable fight. MERCY We If If In come to see Man that was so dear to thee, his home henceforth shall be hell or heaven as judgeth thee.

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RIGHTEOUSNESS I, Righteousness Thy daughter, I confess, Let me nonetheless At thy judgment be expressed. PEACE Peaceable king, I, Peace, thy daughter young May you hear my praying When I pray to thee, Lord, grace to bring. GOD You are welcome here, Brighter than blossoms on briar, My daughters dear! Come forth and stand me near. TRUTH Lord, as thou art king of kings, crowned with crown, As thou lovest me, Truth, thy daughter dear, Allow never me, Truth, to fall down, My faithful Father, without peer!28 For in all truth stands thy renown Thy faith, thy love, and thy power, Let it be seen, Lord, now, at thy doom, That I may have my true prayer To do Truth by Mankind. For, if Mankind be judged by right And not by Mercy, most of thy might, Here, Lord, my troth I plight -In prison shall Man be confined! Lord, how should Mankind be saved, Since he died in deadly sin, 3090 3085

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And all thy commandments he depraved, False greediness had drawn him in?29 The more he had, the more he craved, While there was life left within. Unless he be damned, I am betrayed; Truth should come of Justice's kin -And I am thy daughter, Truth! Though he cried "Mercy" moriendo, Nimis tarde paenitendo, Talem mortem reprehendo.30 Let him drink as he brewith! If late repentance Man should save, Whether he worked well or wickedness, Then every man would be brave To trespass in trust of forgiveness! To sin in hope is damned, I hold -Forgiven is never his trespass! He sins in the Holy Ghost, many fold; That sin, Lord, thou wilt not release In this world nor in the other. Quia veritas manet in aeternum, Tendit homo ad infernum; Nunquam venit ad supernum, 31 Thou he were my brother! Man on earth hath wealth sublime, Lust and liking; his soul we prick By teaching and preaching at every time -But he forgets thee, Lord, full quick! High of heart, fortune, and health, Gold and silver, child and wife, Dainty drink at meat from wealth -Scarcely he thanks thee in his life In any manner of thing! When Man's wealth begins to awake, Full soon, Lord, he thee forsakes. As he has brewed and baked, I, Truth, decree that he drink! For, if Man have mercy and grace, Then I, thy daughter Truthfulness, At thy judgment shall have no place, But be pushed aside, by wrong duress. Lord, let me never flee from thy face To make my power any less! I pray thee, Lord, as I have space, Let Mankind have due distress -To hell-fire to be sent! In pain look he be still, Lord if it be thy will, Or else I have no skill By thy judgment. MERCY O Pater misericordiarum et Deus totius consolationis,

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qui consolatur nos in omni tribulatione nostra!32 O thou Father, of might most, Merciful God in Trinity, I am thy daughter, well thou knowest, And Mercy from heaven thou broughtest me. Shew me thy grace in every coast! In this case my comfort be! Let me, Lord, never be lost By thy judgment, whatsoever it be, Of Mankind. Had man's sins not become a case I, Mercy should never on earth have place. Therefore, grant me, Lord, thy grace, That Mankind may be find! And mercy, Lord, have on this man, According to thy mercy, that great is, Unto thy grace that he be ta'en, Of thy mercy that he not miss! As thou descendest from thy throne, And alighted in maiden's womb, iwis -Incarnate was in blood and bone -Let Mankind come to thy bliss, As thou art King of Heaven! For Worldly vainglory, He hath been full sorry -Punished in purgatory33 For all the sins seven. Did Adam not sin here before, And the highest in Paradise did offend, Never of thy mother would thou have been born -From heaven to earth to have been sent. But thirty winters here, and more, Bound, and beaten, back all bent, Scorned and scourged, sad and sore, On the rood rudely rent, Passus sub Pilato Pontio.34 As thou hung on the cross, Aloud thou cried with thy voice -For Man's heath, as the Gospel says -When thou saidest "Scitio"35 Then the Jews that thee did hate, Prepared thee drink of aloes and gall. To taste it there, it was thy fate, But said "Consummatum est,"36 was all. A knight with a spear so sharp, When you forgave your foe-men all, He struck thee, Lord, unto the heart. The water and blood began to well -Aqua baptismatis et sanquis redemptionis.37 The water of baptism, The blood of redemption, That from thy heart ran down, Est causa salvationis.

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Lord, though that Man has done more wrong than good, If he die in very contrition, Lord, the least drop of thy blood For his sin makes satisfaction. As thou died, Lord, on the rood, Grant me my petition: Let me, Mercy, be his food, And grant him thy salvation. Quia dixisti "Misericordiam servabo."38 "Mercy" shall I sing and say, And "Miserere"39 shall I pray For Mankind ever and aye! Misericordias Domini in aeternum cantabo!40 RIGHTEOUSNESS Righteous king, Lord God of might, I am thy daughter Righteousness. Thou hast loved me ever, day and night, As well as other, as I guess.41 If thou Man's kind from pain acquit, Thou dost against thine own process. Let him in prison now be put For his sin and wickedness! This boon I of thee pray: Full oft does he, Lord, thee forsake, And to the Devil he hath him take; Let him lie in hell's lake -Damned forever and aye!42 For, when Man to the world was born, He was brought to holy kirk, Devoutly baptized at the font-stone And washed from original sin so dark. Satan and his devils he forsook as one All his pomp and all his work -And promised to serve thee alone. To keep thy commandments, do thy work. Sicut justi tui.43 But when he was come to man's estate, All his promises he forgot, He should be damned just for that, Qui oblitus est Domini creatoris sui. For he hath forgotten thee, that him wrought And formed him like thine own face, And with thy precious blood him bought, In this world to give him space. All thy benefits he set at nought, But took him to the Devil's place! The Flesh, the World, had he most in thought, And purpose to please them at every place, So grimly on ground! I pray thee, Lord lovely, Of Man have no mercy, But, dear Lord, let him lie!

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In hell, let him be bound! Man hath forsaken thee, King of Heaven, And his Good Angel's governance, And sullied his soul with sins seven, By his Bad Angel's encumbrance. Virtues he put wholly away, When Greediness did him advance. He thought that he should live for aye -Till death tripped him in his dance! He lost his wits five. Too late he called confession; To little was his contrition; He made never satisfaction: Damn him to hell, as I live!. For if thou take Man's soul to thee Against thy righteousness, Thou dost wrong, Lord, to Truth and me, And rob us of our properness. Lord, let us never from thee flee, Nor constrain us never in duress, But let thy doom be by us three, Mankind in hell to press! Lord, I thee beseech, For Righteousness, dwell ever willing To judge Man after his deserving -For to be damned, it is his doing! On Man thy vengeance wreak!44 MERCY Mercy, my sister Righteousness! -Through thee Mankind shall die! Dear sister, let by thy hardness; To save Mankind, let us try! For, if Man be damned to hell's darkness, Then must I wring my hands That ever my state shall be less, My freedom tied in bands. Mankind is of our kin! For I, Mercy, pass all things That God made at the beginning, And I am his daughter young, Dear sister, let be thy din!45 Vengeance on Mankind do not wreak, By day nor by night, For God himself hath been his leech, Of his merciful might. To us both God gave him -- each -Mercy and Right. For him will I pray and preach, To gain him free respite -And my sister, Peace. For His mercy is without beginning And shall be without ending, 3290

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As David sayeth, that worthy king -In Scripture are no lies!46 TRUTH Of Mercy is Mankind not worthy -Though thou the psalms recite and read! -For he would never the hungry Neither clothe nor feed, Nor drink give to the thirsty, Nor poor men help at need. For if he did none of these, you see, In heaven he gets no meed -So sayeth the Gospel! For he hath been unkind To lame and to blind, In hell he shall be pinned -Thus reason I with skill. PEACE Peaceable king in majesty, I, Peace, thy daughter, ask thee a boon For Man, howsoever it be. Lord, grant me my asking soon, That I may evermore dwell with thee, As I have ever yet done; And let me never from thee flee; Especially at thy doom Of Man, thy creature. Though my sisters, Right and Truth, For Mankind have no ruth, Mercy and I full sore us move To take him in our cure. For when thou made earth and heaven, Ten orders of angels thou put in bliss, Lucifer -- was brighter than lightning -Till, when he sinned, he fell, iwis -To restore that place full even, Thou madest Mankind for this: To occupy his place in heaven. If thy reason it is That, he should in peace and rest Among thine angels bright Worship thee before thy sight, Grant this, Lord God of might! -And so I hold it best. For thou Truth, that art my sister dear, Argue that Man should dwell in woe, And Righteousness, with her power, Would earnestly wish that it were so, But Mercy and I, Peace, both together, Shall never, in conscience, agree thereto. Then shall we ever argue here, And stand at enmity, friend and foe, 3315

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In heaven a great mischance. Therefore, my counsel is, Let us four sisters kiss, And restore Man to bliss, As was God's ordinance!47

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For if ye, Right and Truth should have your will, I, Peace, and Mercy should ever have been transgressed. Then between us had been a great peril, That our joys in heaven should have been less. 3370 Therefore, gentle sisters, consent to my will -Else between ourselves should never be rest! Where there should be love and charity, let there come no ill: Look that our joys be perfect -- and that I hold the best -In heavenly bliss! 3375 For there is peace without war; There is rest without fear; And charity that is so clear -Our Father's will so is!48 Therefore, gentle sisters, at one word -Truth, Right and Mercy kind -Let us stand at one accord In peace without an end! Let love and charity be at our board, All vengeance away wend. To heaven that Man may be restored, Let us be all his friend. Before our Father's face We shall devoutly pray At dreadful doomsday -And I shall for us say -That Mankind shall have grace!49 3380

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(The Four Daughters kiss, and turn to address God once more) Lord, for thy pity, and distress Thou sufferest in thy Passion -Bound and beaten without redress, From the foot to the crown -Tanquam ovis ductus es50 When guttae sanguinis ran a-down, Yet the Jews would not cease, But on thing head they trust a crown, And on the cross thee nailed -As piteously as thou were pained, Have mercy on Mankind, So that he may find That our prayer may him avail! FATHER (Sitting on his throne) Ego cogito cogitationes pacis, non afflictionis.51 Well spoken, Peace, my daughter dear! On thee I think, and on Mercy. Since you all be accorded here, After your will shall my judgment be --

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Not after his deserving, nor as he fears, Not damning Man to torment. See, -Bring him to my bliss full clear, In heaven to dwell endlessly. Your boon granted shall be, To make my bliss perfect, I mingle with my might All Peace, some Truth, and some Right And most of my Mercy! Misericordia Domini plena est terra. Amen.52 (He will say to his daughters) My daughters kind, Joyful in my consent, Go to yon fiend And from him take Mankind! Bring him to me And set him here by my knee, In heaven to be In bliss, with joy and glee! TRUTH We shall fulfil Thy commands, with reason and skill, From yon spirit ill Mankind to bring to you!

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(The Four Daughters of God leave God's scaffold, and cross "the place" to Belial's scaffold. Then they will all ascend to the Bad Angel, and Peace will say:) PEACE Ah thou foul wight! Let go that soul thou holdst so tight! In heaven bright Mankind soon shall be set. JUSTICE Go thou to hell -Thou devil bold as a bell! -Therein to dwell, In fire and brimstone to boil! (The Bad Angel releases the Soul, and descends to the pit of hell at the lowest level of Belial's scaffold. The Soul descends with the Four Daughters into "the place", and together they cross to the scaffold of God. The Four Daughters remain in "the place" while the Soul goes before the judgment seat. Then he will ascend to the throne.) MERCY

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Lo here is Mankind! Lighter than leaf in the wind, That has been chained. Thy mercy, Lord, let him find! FATHER (Sitting in judgment) 3446

Sicut scintilla in medio maris.53 My mercy, Mankind, give I thee. Come -- sit at my right hand! (Mankind takes his place at the right side of God)

Full well I have loved thee, Unkind though I thee found. As a spark of fire in the sea, 3450 My mercy is sin-quenching. Thou hast cause to love me Above all things in land, And keep my commandment. If thou me love and dread, 3455 Heaven shall be thy meed; My face shall thee feed: This is my Judgment! Ego occidam and vivificabo, percutiam et sanabo; et nemo est qui de manu mea possit eruere.54 King, kaiser, knight, and champion, Pope, patriarch, priest and prelate in peace, Duke doughtiest in deed, by dale and by down, Humble and mighty, the more and the less: All states of this world must serve my throne; To me shall they give reckoning at my high dais When Michael blows his horn at my dread doom! The search of their conscience shall cause them distress, They must give a reckoning. Of their time, how they it spend, And of their true talent, At my great Judgment An answer to me shall bring! Ecce, requiram gregem meum de manu pastoria.55 And I shall inquire of my flock and their pastors, How they have lived and led their people subject. The good on the right side shall stand full sure; The bad on the left side there shall I set. The seven deeds of mercy, whoso made sure To fill -- the hungry for to give meat, Or drink to the thirsty; the naked vesture; The poor or the pilgrim home for to fetch; Thy neighbour that hath need; Whoso doth mercy with all his might To these sick, or in prisoner's slight, He doth to me -- I shall him requite: Heaven's bliss shall be his meed! 3460

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Et qui bona egerunt, ibunt in vitam aeternam; qui vero mala, in Ignem aeternum.56

And they that do well in this world, their joy shall awake: In heaven they will exalted be in bounty and in bliss. And they that evil do, they shall to hell lake, 3490 In bitter sorrow to be burned -- my judgment it is. My powers in heaven then shall they quake; There is no man in this world that may escape this! All men example hereat may take To maintain the good and mend their miss. 3495 Here the actor playing God will remove his mitre and mask and address the audience) Thus end our games: To save you from sinning, Ever at the beginning Think on your last ending! Te Deum laudamus! ****

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Copyright 1998 Alexandra F. Johnston.

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The Castle of Perseverance: Notes

Copyright 1998 by Alexandra F. Johnston Notes 1. Cananee: Canaan; Middle English form preserved for the rhyme. 2. Pyncecras: the land of Pinecenarii in Thrace.

3. MS has inserted at this point the non-metrical Latin line: Divitias et paupertates ne dederis mihi, Domini. 4. MS has inserted at this point the non-metrical Latin line: Homo, momento finis, et in aeternum non peccabis. 5. MS has inserted at this point the non-metrical Latin line: Non est in mundo dives, qui dicit abundo. 6. MS has inserted at this point the non-metrical Latin line: Sapientia penes Domini. 7. MS has inserted at this point the non-metrical Latin line: Labitur exigno quod partum tempore longo. 8. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Quia qui in carne viuunt Domino placere non possunt. 9. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Otiositas parit omne malum. 10. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Cum sancto sanctus eris et cetera 11. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Qui perseveraverit usque ad finem hic salvus erit. 12. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Omne gaudium existimate, cum variis temptationibus incideritis. 13. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Delectare in Domino, et dabit tibi petitiones cordis tui. 14. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Deposuit potentes de sede, et cetera. 15. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Qui se exaltat, humiliabitur, et cetera. 16. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Quia ira viri justitiam Dei non operatur. 17. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Vae homini illi per quem scandalum venit. 18. MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Cum jejunasset quadraginta diebus, et cetera. 19.MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Mater et Virgo, exstingue carnales concuiscentias. 20.MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Nunc lege, nunc ora, nunc disce, nuncque labora. 21.MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Mundus transit, et concupiscentia eius. 22.MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Et sic relinquent alienis divitias suas.

23.MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Non descendet cum illo gloria eius. 24.MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Avarus nunquam replebitur pecunia. 25.MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Thesaurizat, et ignorat cui congregabit ea. 26.MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Unusquisque suum onus portabit. 27.MS inserts non-metrical Latin line: Non omne qui decit "Domine, Domine" intrabit regnum caelorum. 28.MS inserts unmetrical Latin line: Quoniam veritatem dilexisti 29.MS inserts unmetrical Latin line: Aurum sitisti; aurum bibisti. 30."Though he cried "Mercy", dying,/ Repenting too late:/ Such a death I condemn." 31."Because truth endures forever./ Man goes to hell;/ Never comes he to heaven." 32."Oh Father of mercies and the God of all comfort: who comforteth us in all our tribulation." cf II Corinthians 1: 3-4. These lines appear immediately under the speech heading which begins the page. They appear to be part of the text, not a gloss. They are numbered as one line in this edition. 33.A Latin text written in the right margin of the ms in the same hand but more cramped writing: Si pro peccato vetus Adam non cecidisset, Mater probato nunquam gravidata fuisset. 34."He suffered under Pontius Pilate" cf the Apostles' Creed. 35."I thirst", John 19: 28. A Latin text written in the right margin of the ms in the same hand but more cramped writing: Scilicet, salutem animarum. ("That is to say, for the salvation of souls") 36."It is finished" John 19:30. 37.This quotation must be taken with the rhyming line (3210) "The water of baptism and the blood of redemption ... Is the cause of salvation." 38."Because you have said, `I will keep my mercy' (i.e. for man)" cf Psalm 89:28. 39."Mercy" 40."The mercies of the Lord I will sing for ever." Psalm 89:1.

41.A Latin text written in the right margin of the ms: Justitias Dominus justitia dilexit ("The just lord has loved justice"). 42.A Latin text written in the right margin of the ms: Quia Deum, qui se genuit, dereliquit. ("Because he has forsaken God, who created him") 43.This quotation must be taken with the rhyming line (3249): "In accordance with your just ordinance...Because he has forgotten the Lord that created him." 44.A Latin text is written in the right margin of the ms: Laetabitur justus cum viderit vindictam. ("The just shall rejoice when he shall see the revenge.") 45.A Latin text is written in the right margin of the ms: Et misericordia eius super omnia opera eius. ("His mercy is over all his works") cf Psalm 145:9. 46.A Latin text is written in the right margin of the ms: Et misericordia eius a progenie in progenies et cetera. ("And his mercy is from generation unto generations, etc'") Luke 1:50 -- a part of the Magnificat. 47.A gloss is found in the right-hand margin: Misericordia et Veritas obviaverunt sibi; Justitia et Pax osculatae sunt. ("Mercy and Truth have met each other and Justice and Peace have kissed each other") Psalm 85:10. 48.A gloss is found in the right-hand margin: Hic pax, hic bonitas, hic laus, hic sempter honestas ("Here is peace, here is goodness, here is glory, here forever is virtue."). 49.A gloss is found in the right-hand margin: Et tuam, Deus, deposcimus pietatem, ut ei tribuere digneris licidas et quietas mansiones. ("And we ask for your pity, O God, so that you will deign to grant to him light and peaceful resting-places.") A liturgical prayer used for souls in purgatory. 50."You were led as a sheep." cf. Acts 8:32 51."I think thoughts of peace, not of affliction." cf. Jeremiah 29:11 52."The earth is full of the mercy of God. Amen" Psalm 33:5. 53."Like a little spark in the midst of the sea". 54. "I will kill and I will make to live. I will strike, and I will heal; there is none that can deliver out of my hand." Deuteronomy 32:39. Treated as on line in this text."Behold, I will require my flock at the hand of the shepherd.: cf. Ezekiel 34:10. 55."And those that will do good will go to life eternal; truly those who do evil to eternal fire." From the Athanasian Creed. Cf also Matthew 25:46. Treated as one line in this edition.

Copyright 1998 Alexandra F. Johnston.

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