OBJECTIVE:

1.

To demonstrate and conduct different mechanical tests.

2. To carry out the mechanical properties measurements of different materials, including

the hardness and compression test.

EXPERIMENT PROCEDURES:
1. Hardness Test
The hardness testing device is mounted in the middle zone of the test unit. The
hardness test will be performed according to the DIN 50351 standard.

Insert the pressure plate in the lower cross member, and mount the Brinell teste, with
a 10 mm diameter sphere of steel or tungsten carbide, on the crosshead. Allow a
minimum distance of 15mm between the test ball and the pressure plate. Select a load
factor 1.25. Now, insert the sample. Then, smoothly apply the test force of 1.5kN with
the hand wheel; hold the test force for about 5-10 seconds before releasing it. Remove
the sample and measure the diameter of the impression on the sample.
2. Compression Test
The compression testing device is the same as the hardness testing zone of the test
unit. The compressive sample is clamped between the lower cross-member and the
cross-head.

Before applying any force on the sample, measure the initial height and crosssectional area of the sample. The loading should be up to 20-50% of the damaged load
of the cylindrical sample.

RESULT AND CALCULATIONS:

1. Brinell hardness test,(HB)

Composite 1 (Fibreglass+Plastic +GRP(Glass Reinforced Plactic)

Data of the specimen: Diameter = 3.41 cm, Thickness = 1.79 cm
Force=2.0KN
Impression diameter,d
1
3.0
2
2.8
HB
3
2.9
4
3.0
= 29.7993
5
2.9
Average
2.92

Test material for Composite 2

Data of the specimen: Diameter = 4.00 cm, Thickness = 2.07 cm
Force=2.0KN
Impression diameter,d
1
3.0
2
2.8
HB
3
2.9
4
3.0
=29.3861
5
3.0
Average
2.94

Test material for Ceramic

Data of the specimen: Diameter = 3.30 cm, Thickness = 1.92 cm
Force=1.5KN
Impression diameter,d
1
3.5
2
3.3
HB
3
3.2
4
3.2
=
5
3.3
Average
3.3

17.3874

2. Compression test
a)Material used : Composite 1(Fibreglass+Plastic +GRP)
Data before test: Diameter, Do = 32.90mm
Cylindrical height, ho = 18.00mm
Data after test : Diameter, D = 33.0mm
Cylindrical height, h = 17.90mm
Engineering strain,

Stress,

Force
(KN)

Elongat
ion(mm
)

0.0

0.0

0.5

0.1

1.0

0.2

1.5

0.3

2.0

0.3

2.5

0.3

3.0

0.4

3.5
4.0

0.4
0.5

Strain
0.0000
0
0.0055
6
0.0111
1
0.0166
7
0.0166
7
0.0166
7
0.0222
2
0.0222
2
0.0277

Stres
s
(MPa)

Force
(KN)

Elongati
on(mm)

0.0000

10.0

0.7

0.5572

10.5

0.7

1.1145

11.0

0.7

1.6717

11.5

0.8

2.2290

12.0

0.8

2.7862

12.5

0.8

3.3435

13.0

0.9

3.9007
4.4580

13.5
14.0

0.9
1.1

Strain

Stress
(MPa)

0.0388
9
0.0388
9
0.0388
9
0.0444
4
0.0444
4
0.0444
4
0.0500
0
0.0500
0
0.0611

11.144
9
11.702
2
12.259
4
12.816
7
13.373
9
13.931
1
14.488
4
15.045
6
15.602

4.5

0.5

5.0

0.5

5.5

0.5

6.0

0.5

6.5

0.6

7.0

0.6

7.5

0.6

8.0

0.7

8.5

0.7

9.0

0.7

9.5

0.7

8
0.0277
8
0.0277
8
0.0277
8
0.0277
8
0.0333
3
0.0333
3
0.0333
3
0.0388
9
0.0388
9
0.0388
9
0.0388
9

5.0152

14.5

1.2

5.5725

15.0

1.3

6.1297

15.5

1.3

6.6869

16.0

1.3

7.2442

16.5

1.3

7.8014

17.0

1.3

8.3587

17.5

1.4

8.9159

18.0

1.4

9.4732
10.030
4
10.587
7

18.5

1.4

1
0.0666
7
0.0722
2
0.0722
2
0.0722
2
0.0722
2
0.0722
2
0.0777
8
0.0777
8
0.0777
8

9
16.160
1
16.717
4
17.274
6
17.831
9
18.389
1
18.946
4
19.503
6
20.060
8
20.617
4

2b)

Material used : Ceramic

Data before test: Diameter, Do = 34.30mm
Cylindrical height, ho = 18.70mm
Data after test : Diameter, D = 34.60mm
Cylindrical height, h = 18.50mm
Stress,

Engineering strain,

For
ce
(KN
)
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5

Elongati
on
(mm)
0.00
0.86
0.87
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.
95
0.95
0.97
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.01
1.01
1.02

Strain
0.0000
00
0.0459
9
0.0465
2
0.0475
9
0.0481
3
0.0486
6
0.0492
0
0.0497
3
0.0502
7
0.0502
7
0.0502
7
0.0508
0
0.0508
0
0.0518
7
0.0524
1
0.0524
1
0.0529
4
0.0540
1
0.0540
1
0.0545
5

Stress
(MPa)

Force
(KN)

Elongat
ion
(mm)

0.0000

10.0

1.02

0.5411

10.5

1.03

1.0822

11.0

1.04

1.6234

11.5

1.05

2.1645

12.0

1.06

2.7056

12.5

1.07

3.2467

13.0

1.07

3.7878

13.5

1.08

4.3289

14.0

1.1

4.8701

14.5

1.11

5.4112

15.0

1.12

5.9523

15.5

1.14

6.4934

16.0

1.15

7.0345

16.5

1.15

7.5757

17.0

1.16

8.1168

17.5

1.17

8.6579

18.0

1.18

9.1990

18.5

1.19

9.7401
10.2812

Strain
0.0545
5
0.0550
8
0.0556
1
0.0561
5
0.0566
8
0.0572
2
0.0572
2
0.0577
5
0.0588
2
0.0593
6
0.0598
9
0.0609
6
0.0615
0
0.0615
0
0.0620
3
0.0625
7
0.0631
0
0.0636
4

Stress
(Mpa)
10.8224
11.3635
11.9046
12.4457
12.9868
13.5279
14.0691
14.6102
15.1513
15.6924
16.2335
16.7747
17.3158
17.8569
18.3980
18.9391
19.4802
20.0214

2c)

Material used : Composite 2

Data before test: Diameter, Do = 37.90mm
Cylindrical height, ho = 16.90mm
Data after test : Diameter, D = 38.10mm
Cylindrical height, h = 16.80mm

Stress,

Engineering strain,

Force
(KN)

Elongatio
n
(mm)

0.0

0.00

0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0

0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

Strain
0.0000
0
0.0236
7
0.0295
9
0.0295
9
0.0355
0
0.0355
0
0.0355
0
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414

Stres
s
(MPa)

Force
(KN)

0.0000

10.0

0.4432

10.5

0.8864

11.0

1.3296

11.5

1.7728

12.0

2.2160

12.5

2.6592

13.0

3.1024

13.5

3.5456

14.0

3.9888

14.5

4.4320

15.0

4.8752

15.5

5.3184

16.0

5.7616

16.5

6.2048

17.0

Elongatio
n
(mm)
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0

Strain
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0473
4
0.0473
4
0.0532
5
0.0532
5
0.0532
5
0.0591

Stress
(MPa)
8.8640
9.3072
9.7504
10.1936
10.6368
11.0800
11.5233
11.9665
12.4097
12.8529
13.2961
13.7393
14.1825
14.6257
15.0689

7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5

0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7
0.7

2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2
0.0414
2

6.6480

17.5

7.0912

18.0

7.5344

18.5

7.9776
8.4208

1.0
1.0
1.0

7
0.0591
7
0.0591
7
0.0591
7

15.5121
15.9553
16.3985

Figure 1.1: Stress vs Strain graph for Composite 2

DATA ANLYSIS & DISCUSSION:

1. Hardness Test

In hardness experiment, we used composite 1(Fibreglass+Plastic+GRP),

composie 2 and ceramic to test and compare the hardness with each other by
applying stress to the materials. From the result as above, the highest hardness
is composite 1, HB= 29.7993 follow by composite 2, HB = 29.3861 and the
lowest hardness is ceramic, HB=17.3874. Composite 1 is slightly stiffer and
stronger compare with Ceramics which is much more brittle than Composite
material.

2. Compression Test

During the experiment, we measured the height and diameter of the polymer.
Hence, we increase the force by 0.5kN for each material and then measured the
height and diameter of the polymer. After the compression experiment test, each
of the material diameter is increased and height of material is decreased.

CONCLUSION :

In hardness test, material for ceramic has the lowest hardness if compare to
composite 1 and composite 2. In compression test, material for ceramic has the highest tensile
strength compare to composite 1 and composite 2.