Voynich (1) : The Roots of The Voynich-Manuscript

The Roots of the
Voynich-Manuscript
Joannes Richter
Fig. 1 Possible assignment of the brightest celestial objects

to the stars shown in the area of the Tal-Qadi sky table. (by Bautsch - Own work ; license: CC0)
(Source: → The Golden Gate of the Ecliptic. In Wikibook: The Tal-Qadi Sky Tablet)
Abstract
In order to analyze the MS408 (Voynich manuscript) I studied the Voynich information browser
(Version 0.4) and the Voynich site of René Zandbergen. In its concept the Voynich manuscript may
be interpreted as a professional herbal book in the class of a scientific or medical work from the
middle ages. The contents may have been protected by secret writing and probably inserting trivial
misleading text and additional illustrations.
The image of a star cluster (in page f68r3) may be interpreted as the Pleiades, which are symbolized
as the 7 female deities, who are ruling the annual supply of the fertilizing rain water. In the Voynich
manuscript the number of female deities exceeds the number 7 and may be extended to the extra
stars (Atlas, Pleiona, the Hyades, Orion, Perseus and Cassiopeia) shown in the area of the The Tal-
Qadi Sky Tablet. The complex astronomical mechanism is known as The Golden Gate of the
Ecliptic.
This essay concentrates on the role of the Atlantides, who ruled the annual rain supplies and
optionally their sky god, which may be helpful to transcribe the texts. The strategy concentrates on
the capital letter-combinations in the text of the Voynich manuscript.
Introduction
When Alexander the Great arrived at the city of Nysa1, representatives of the city met
him and told him not to capture the city and the land because the god Dionysus had
founded the city and he named it Nysa, after the nymph.[1][2] 2
One of the most fascinating, intriguing projects may be the analysis of the Voynich-Manuscript. My
interpretation of the work concentrates on the role of the Hyades and the Pleiades in their ruling the
water supply for flora (or generally “the plants”).
The Hyades star cluster and the Pleiades seem to be varying their visibility. Therefore the number of
visible stars (with the average “naked eyes”) may have been varying in the various seasons and
locations.
The archaic interpretation of the ocean, the world, planets, stars & nymphs
In the archaic mythology the earth may have been interpreted as a flat area enclosed in a ring of
sweet water, and as an earth-encircling, fresh-water stream, named ocean3.
The ~3000 Okeanides4 (Latin: Oceanids) were the eldest of the nymphs, daughters of
the great, earth-encircling River Okeanos (Oceanus). They presided over the sources of
fresh-water and were responsible for the nurture of the natural world. Their numbers
included Naiades (nymphs of springs and fountains), Nephelai (of rain-clouds), Aurai
(of cool breezes), Dryades (of trees), Epimelides (of pastures), and Leimonides (of
flowery meadows). The Hydriades (Hydriads) were fresh-water nymphs whose name is
derived from the Greek word hydros "water". They were essentially the same as the
Naiades (above).5
The nymphs were responsible for the plants, the fresh water, the clouds, the sources, lakes and
rivers. The titan Okeanos (Latin: Oceanus) was also the god who regulated the heavenly bodies
which rose from and set into his waters. The stars may have risen from and set into the Ocean's
waters at the edge to the horizon. The sky was a solid dome with the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars
embedded in it.[14]
Fig. 2 The sky was a solid dome with the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars embedded in it.[14]
Created by User:Bibi Saint-Pol as his own work based on: Anaximandermap.png (Public Domain)
1 Nysa (Nagara (Ancient Greek: Νάγαρα), also known as Dionysopolis (Διονυσόπολις), was an ancient city in the
northwest part of India intra Gangem (India within the Ganges) )
2 Nysa (mythology) - Greek Texts in Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, 5.1 and Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, 5.2
3 In modern compilations Okeanides are often mistakenly described as "ocean" nymphs. In Greek mythology,
however, their father Okeanos "Ocean" was an earth-encircling, fresh-water stream and not a salt-sea ocean.
4 The Okeanides (Oceanids) were three thousand goddess-nymphs who presided over the sources of earth's fresh-
water--from rain-clouds to subterranean springs and fountains.
5 Classification of nymphs in nymphs (Nymphai) - Nature Spirits of Greek Mythology
The nymphs in the Voynich manuscript
The Voynich manuscript seems to be concentrating on the plants, the zodiac, the sweet water of the
rain and the ocean, which was located in neighborhood of the solid hood of the stars and planets.
• The Herbal Section (f. 1r–66v) with the flora and plants
• Astronomic Section (f. 67r–73v) with the zodiac and a number of “nymphs”
• Anatomic Section (f. 75r–84v) with the water management and physical behavior, controlled
by the nymphs
• Cosmological Section (f. 85r–86v)
• Pharmaceutic section (f. 87r–102v)
• Receipts and Keys (f. 103r–116v)
Most of the manuscript may be filled with the nymphs and the fertile water, which in the archaic
world is to be sent to the plants by the stars of the month April and May.
The Hyades
In Greek mythology, the Hyades were interpreted as five daughters of Atlas and half-sisters to the
Pleiades. After the death of their brother, Hyas, the weeping sisters were transformed into a cluster
of stars that was afterwards associated with rain. In England the cluster was known as the "April
Rainers" from an association with April showers.
The Pleiades
Together with the seven Hyades, the Pleiades were called the Atlantides, Dodonides and Nysiades,
nursemaids and teachers to the infant Dionysus, who was nursed by the rain-nymphs of Nysa. They
were thought to have been translated to the night sky as a cluster of stars, the Pleiades, and were
associated with rain. In later tellings of Dionysus’s infancy, the Nysiades appear to be identified
with the Hyades. The term might have been used for the Pleiades and the Hyades as Dionysus’s
tutors altogether. After Atlas was forced to carry the heavens on his shoulders, Orion began to
pursue all of the Pleiades, and Zeus transformed them first into doves, and then into stars to comfort
their father. The constellation of Orion is said to still pursue them across the night sky6.
These mythological details added Atlas and Orion as male elements to the involved star clusters, in
which the male forces are chasing the female nymphs. According to some versions of the tale, all
seven sisters committed suicide because they were so saddened by either the fate of their father,
Atlas, or the loss of their siblings, the Hyades.
The Pleiades would “flee mighty Orion and plunge into the misty deep” as they set in the West,
which they would begin to do just before dawn during October–November, a good time of the year
to lay up your ship after the fine summer weather and “remember to work the land”; in
Mediterranean agriculture autumn is the time to plough and sow.
The Voynich-manuscript may describe the role of the nymphs (the Atlantides) in the water supply
for flora (or generally “the plants”).
The male forces (especially Orion and Atlas) may have disturbed the elementary water supply,
which had to be stabilized to avoid famine. The number of the female elements in the Voynich
manuscript seems to exceed the number seven, which is a standard number for the visible Pleiades.
The pages showing the signs of the zodiac seem to have words in provincial French. On (f66r)
Richard Salomon (1884 - 1966) says der mus del which is old German for der Mussteil (the
“Must”-section). This page may be the key for the transcription of the alphabet. Unfortunately we
need the transcription to transcript the alphabet. Salomon believed the MS to be German.
6 The Atlantides, Dodonides and Nysiades | Cradle of Civilization
The role of the Hyades and Pleiades as "April Rainers"
In Greek mythology, the Hyades were the five daughters of Atlas and half-sisters to the Pleiades.
After the death of their brother, Hyas, the weeping sisters were transformed into a cluster of stars
that was afterwards associated with rain. In England the cluster was known as the "April Rainers"
from an association with April showers.
Together with the seven Hyades, the Pleiades were called the Atlantides, Dodonides, or Nysiades,
nursemaids and teachers to the infant Dionysus. They were thought to have been translated to the
night sky as a cluster of stars, the Pleiades, and were associated with rain. The number of visible
stars in these clusters may vary in the various seasons and locations.
The Pleiades
The Pleiades were known by the Celts (Welsh Tŵr Tewdws [Tur Toodus], Irish "Streoillín"). The
earliest-known depiction of the Pleiades is likely a Northern German Bronze Age artifact known as
the Nebra sky disk, dated to approximately 1600 BC.[25]
Their names were Maia (Μαῖα)7, Electra (Ἠλέκτρα), Taygete (Ταϋγέτη), Alcyone (Ἀλκυόνη) ,
Celaeno (Κελαινώ), Sterope (Στερόπη) (also Asterope) and Merope (Μερόπη). Other sources claim
their names as Maia, Coccymo, Glaucia, Protis, Parthenia, Stonychia, and Lampado8.
The loss of one of the sisters, Merope, in some myths may reflect an astronomical event wherein
one of the stars in the Pleiades star cluster disappeared from view by the naked eye.[7][8] The star
Merope is often called the "lost Pleiad" because she was at first not seen by astronomers or charted
like her sisters. The Pleiades may correlate with “pluie” (F: rain), “pleuvoir” (F: to rain”) and in
English “fluid”9.
The Hyades
The Hyades' number varies from three in the earliest sources to fifteen in the late ones. The names
are also variable, according to the mythographer, and include: (5 names) Phaisyle or Aesyle
('shining' from phainô), Coronis, Cleeia (or Cleis), Phaeo, Eudora (leading or well-giving) [2] or
(7 names): Ambrosia, Eudora, Pedile, Koronis, Polyxo, Phyto, Thyone.[310].
In Greek mythology, the Hyades (/ˈhaɪ.ə.diːz/;[1] Ancient Greek: Ὑάδες, romanized: Hyádes,
popularly "rain-makers"[2] or "the rainy ones"; from ὕω, hýō, 'I fall as rain', but probably from ὗς,
hŷs, 'swine'[3]) are a sisterhood of nymphs that bring rain.[4]
7 eldest[5] of the seven Pleiades, was mother of Hermes by Zeus.

8 Alternative version
9 From Middle English fluid, from Latin fluidus (“flowing; fluid”), from Latin fluō (“to flow”), from Proto-Indo-
European *bʰleh₁- (“to swell; surge; overflow; run”). Akin to Ancient Greek φλύειν (phlúein, “to swell; overflow”).
Not related to English flow, which is a native, inherited word from *plew-.
10 Hyginus, De astronomia 2,21
The names of the months in the zodiacal pages
Although the word “rot” in page f4r11 may suggest a German comment the zodiacal comments seem
to have been written in Catalan or Occitan languages.
The zodiac does not start with Aries, but with Pisces (f70v2), which is very unusual. This probably
is a reference to the beginning of the Roman year. In the Legendary 10 month calendar (later
devoted to Romulus) the Roman months January and February did not exist. Its 304 days made up
exactly 38 nundinal cycles. The system is usually said to have left the remaining 50 odd days of the
year as an unorganized "winter".
In the Voynich manuscript two zodiacal signs, Aries (f70v1 and f71r, April ?12) and Taurus (f71v13
and f72r114, “May”) are both represented in two illustrations with 15 nymphs each, which represent
the number of the “Atlantic” nymphs (Hyades & Pleiades) and their parents (Atlas & Pleione) and
the “hunter” (Orion).
Roman EVA Zodiac Month Location of the non- non-EVA According to: Voynich
calendar page Voynich (Latin ?) (Latin ?) word Manuscript: Months - Sean B.
word at the center Palmer 15
1 f70v2 Pisces March Between the two fish Marc for Marc Catalan: Març;
Marc[h] Occitan: Març
2a f70v1 Aries Dark April Abril Aberil Catalan: Abril;
Occitan: Abrial
2b f71r Aries Light April Abril
Below the bulls
3a f71v Taurus Light May May May Catalan: Maig;
Occitan: Mai
3b f72r1 Taurus Dark May May
4 f72r2 Gemini June Between 2 persons Jony for June Yuny Catalan: Juny;
Occitan: Junh
5 f72r3 Cancer July At the pair of “Jolly“(?) for Jollet? Catalan: Juliol;
lobsters July Occitan: Julhet
6 f72v3 Leo August At the lion augst for August Augst Catalan: Agost;
Occitan: Agóst
7 f72v2 Virgo September Above the flower maybe septẽbr Septembr? Catalan: Setembre;
for September Occitan: Setembre
8 f72v1 Libra October Below the Scale octẽbre for Octembre Catalan: Octubre;
October Occitan: Octobre16
9 f73r Scorpio November Below the scorpio novẽbre for Novembre Catalan: Novembre;
November Occitan: Novembre
10 f73v Sagittarius December Between the figure's decẽbre (?) for Decembre Catalan: Desembre;
feet December Occitan: Decembre
(-11-) f74r Capricorn January f74r and f74v may
have been the
(-12-) f74v Aquarius February missing pages for
January and
February
Table 1: Zodiacal pages' segment in the Voynich manuscript

11 Possible plant identification: O'Neill Centaurium Erythaea
12 non-voynich word "ab*i*l".
13 Below the bull in f71v is the word ``May'' in the Roman alphabet.
14 Below the bull in f72r1 is the word ``May'' in the Roman alphabet.
15 See also for the months: Voynich Manuscript: Months - Sean B. Palmer
16 Note that the second form is just from a different source of f72v, and not a separate form within the Voynich
Manuscript itself.
The months in the DOM-dictionary
In the DOM-dictionary the archaic Occitan words for the months are listed as follows:
Roman EVA non-EVA According to: Voynich DOM-dictionary en ligne Visiteurs : 460 (juil.
calendar page (Latin ?) word Manuscript: Months - Sean B. 2022) - Dictionnaire de l'Occitan Médiéval
Palmer 17
1 f70v2 Marc for Marc Catalan: Març; març adj. 'welk, faul' - L: BibCarpN
Marc[h] Occitan: Març 285va (-rça fém.); BibCarpN 321vb
(-rç) - ∅FEW 6/1:307b [ᴍᴀʀᴄɪɪ ᴅᴜѕ].
2a f70v1 Abril Aberil Catalan: Abril; abril variante(s): abrel, abri, abrial,
Occitan: Abrial abrial abriel, abrieu, abriol, abriu, abrul,
2b f71r Abril
abryel, abryl, abryol, aprial, aprieu,
april, aril, auriu, avri
3a f71v May May Catalan: Maig; mai a. 'mai'
Occitan: Mai b. 'redevance payable au mois
3b f72r1 May
de mai (?)' ou 'droit de vendre
du vin pendant le mois de mai
(?)'
4 f72r2 Jony Yuny Catalan: Juny; junh Juin' Rn 3:597b; Lv 4:279b
for June Occitan: Junh FEW 5:76a [ᴊᴜᴜɴɪᴜѕ].
5 f72r3 “Jolly“(?) Jollet? Catalan: Juliol; julhẹt julhẹt, julẹt, junhẹt - LvP
for July Occitan: Julhet s. m. 'juillet' - Lv 4:279a
FEW 5:76b [ᴊᴜᴜɴɪᴜѕ].
6 f72v3 augst for Augst Catalan: Agost; Agóst aost Citat
August Occitan: Agóst agost variante(s): agost, aguost, ahost,
ions
ahostz, ahoust, ahoustz, aogst, aos,
aost, aostz, aot, aoust, auhot, auost,
auostz, aushot, aushotz, ausohtz,
ausotz, aussotz, aust, aut, avost,
avoust, gost, hagost, haost, hastz,
haustz, host, houst, oost, ost, ous,
oust - n. m. - a. 'août'
7 f72v2 maybe septẽbr Septembr? Catalan: Setembre; setembre septembre, setembre - Rn 5:217b
for September Occitan: Setembre s. m. 'septembre'
Lv 7:633a [setembre, septembre]
FEW 11:480b [ѕᴇɪᴘᴛᴇɪᴍʙᴇʀ].
8 f72v1 octẽbre for Octembre Catalan: Octubre; octobre s. m. 'octobre' - Rn 4:365a [octobre,
October Occitan: Octobre18 octembre, octoyre ]; Lv 5:462a -
FEW 7:308b, 7:309a [ᴏɪᴄᴛᴏᴜʙᴇʀ]. –
Sternbeck 7–8.
9 f73r novẽbre for Novembre Catalan: Novembre; novembre Novembre - Rn 4:341a s. m.
November Occitan: Novembre 'novembre' - Lv 5:430b
10 f73v decẽbre (?) for Decembre Catalan: Desembre; °decembre Desembre - Rn 3:31b s. m.
December Occitan: Decembre 'décembre' - FEW 3:24a
[ᴅᴇᴄᴇᴍʙᴇʀ].
(-11-) f74r
(-12-) f74v
Table 2 Zodiacal pages' segment in the Voynich manuscript and medieval Occitan words
17 See also for the months: Voynich Manuscript: Months - Sean B. Palmer
18 Note that the second form is just from a different source of f72v, and not a separate form within the Voynich
Manuscript itself.
Roman calendar “maybe founded by Romulus”
In the oldest Roman calendar, which the Romans believed to have been instituted by their legendary
founder Romulus, the first month was Martius ("month of Mars", March), and the calendar year had
only ten months. Ianuarius and Februarius were supposed to have been added by Numa Pompilius,
the second king of Rome, originally at the end of the year. It is unclear when the Romans reset the
course of the year so that January and February came first.[1]19
The original calendar consisted of ten months beginning in spring with March; winter was left as an
unassigned span of days. These months ran for 38 nundinal cycles, each forming an eight-day week
(nine days counted inclusively, hence the name) ended by religious rituals and a public market. The
winter period was later divided into two months, January and February. The legendary early kings
Romulus and Numa Pompilius were traditionally credited with establishing this early fixed
calendar, which bears traces of its origin as an observational lunar one.20
Therefore the non-fertile winter months January and February might have been skipped in the
Voynich manuscript, which concentrated on the rainy seasons.
The visibility of the Pleiades and the Hyades

The Pleiades are visible in the winter night sky along with the constellation Orion. Beginning in
October of each year, Pleione along with the rest of the cluster can be seen rising in the east in the
early morning before dawn.[15] To see it after sunset, one will need to wait until December. By
mid-February, the star is visible to virtually every inhabited region of the globe, with only those
south of 66° unable to see it.21
The visibility of the Hyades

From the perspective of observers on Earth, the Hyades Cluster appears in the constellation Taurus,
where its brightest stars form a "V" shape along with the still-brighter Aldebaran. However,
Aldebaran is unrelated to the Hyades, as it is located much closer to Earth and merely happens to lie
along the same line of sight.
Together with the other eye-catching open star cluster of the Pleiades the Hyades form the Golden
Gate of the Ecliptic, which has been known for several thousand years.
The visibility of Orion

Orion is a prominent constellation located on the celestial equator and visible throughout the world.
It is one of the most conspicuous[1] and recognizable constellations in the night sky.[2] It is named
after Orion, a hunter in Greek mythology.
As Maia and the Pleiades are visible in the winter night sky along with the constellation Orion, the
Greek myths tell of Maia and her sisters being pursued by the giant huntsman and turned into doves
to preserve their safety.[26]
Orion's seven brightest stars form a distinctive hourglass-shaped asterism, or pattern, in the night
sky. Four stars—Rigel, Betelgeuse, Bellatrix, and Saiph—form a large roughly rectangular shape, at
the center of which lies the three stars of Orion's Belt—Alnitak, Alnilam, and Mintaka.
19 Ianuarius
20 Roman calendar
21 Pleione
The visibility of the seven orbiting bodies
Since all planets as well as the moon and the sun always move very closely along the virtual circle
of the ecliptic, all these seven orbiting bodies are regularly passing through the Golden Gate of the
Ecliptic.
From 4000 to 1500 BC the equinox was within the constellation Taurus, and therefore, this
constellation was attached great importance.[2] The 4500 year old sky tablet of the neolithic Tal-
Qadi Temple in Malta is thought to display the Golden Gate of the Ecliptic.[3] 22
The Tal-Qadi Sky Tablet

As a clumsy astronomer I decided to compose some relevant quotations to the zodiacal pages in the
Voynich manuscript, which do contain an excessive number of 15 nymphs to control the stars.
15 stars is too much for the ancient observations (by a naked eye) of the individual clusters. Only
the assembly of two clusters at the Golden Gate of the Ecliptic seemed to be suitable to explain the
zodiacal model in the Voynich manuscript.
The numbers 5 up to 6 for the Hyades and 9 for the Pleiades (including the parents Atlas & Pleione
and their 7 sisters) seemed to be a best-fit model.
The Golden Gate of the Ecliptic belonged to the well-protected religious knowledge, which may
have been circulating between scientists and rulers. Some of the rulers and scientists may have
preferred to hide the detailed documents behind a complex encoding concept.
4300 years ago, the vernal equinox was still in the constellation Taurus, 2150 years ago
in the constellation Aries (the synonym "First Point of Aries" for the vernal equinox
comes from this era) and today in the constellation Pisces. 2500 BC the spring equinox
was exactly between the Hyades and the Pleiades in the Golden Gate of the Ecliptic! 23
The conspicuous star clusters of the Pleiades and Hyades, which are easily recognizable
with the naked eye, form asterisms in the starry sky. Together with the star Aldebaran in
the Hyades (it does not belong to the star cluster itself) these objects represent the three
brightest objects in the vicinity of the ecliptic in a relatively narrow space, i.e. in an
angular range of less than 10 degrees of arc.[38] 24
All seven moving celestial objects move more or less frequently, but regularly very
close to the ecliptic, through this gate and thus between the two star clusters, viewed
from Earth. Only the Earth's moon, Venus and Mercury can occasionally hit the posts of
the Golden Gate or even pass a little outside the Pleiades due to the slightly larger
deviation from the ecliptic and their relative proximity to the earth.
The constellation Taurus has always been one of the most important constellations.[39]
In addition to the two star clusters, the bright red giant Aldebaran is particularly striking
and is often viewed as the shining right eye of the bull. In the 18th century it was also
known as the ox eye in Germany.[40] The name Aldebaran is Arabian and means "the
follower" (it follows the Pleiades when rising in the eastern morning sky).
22 Golden Gate of the Ecliptic

23 The Golden Gate of the Ecliptic. In Wikibook: The Tal-Qadi Sky Tablet
24 6.4.4 The Golden Gate of the Ecliptic
For the sake of completeness, it should be mentioned that 4500 years ago, every year at
the beginning of spring, the setting sun was on the western horizon in the Golden Gate
of the Ecliptic, although this could not be seen itself at all because of the bright sunlight.
Today this is the case on May 25th, since the vernal equinox has meanwhile shifted by a
good two months (one month corresponds to an angle of 30 degrees along the ecliptic).
The sky table of Tal-Qadi

The following map describes 15 stars in:
• the triad of the Pleiades with 9 symbolic stars and
• (the triad around the green dashed line) the Hyades with 6 symbolic stars:
These number of stars (9 for the Pleiades and 6 for the Hyades) suggest to interpret the numbers of
the 15 stars in the two zodiacal signs, Aries (f71r f71r, April ?25) and Taurus (f71v26 and f72r127,
“May”) in the Voynich manuscript as the symbols for the 5 or 6 stars in the inner band ↔ middle
band respectively the 9 stars in the middle band ↔ outer band of f71r, f71v and f72r1.
The nine brightest stars of the Pleiades are named for the Seven Sisters of Greek mythology:
Sterope, Merope, Electra, Maia, Taygeta, Celaeno, and Alcyone, along with their parents Atlas and
Pleione. Alcyone is the brightest star in the Pleiades open cluster28, followed by Atlas, Electra,
Maia, Merope, Taygeta, Pleione...
Fig. 3 The sky table of Tal-Qadi fitted into the triangle Hyades, Pleiades and Omikron Tauri. The
dashed red lines indicate the ecliptic, which is perpendicular to the right edge of the sky table, as
well as the two extreme ecliptical latitudes of the lunar orbit to the right and left of the ecliptic. The
green circle marks the equinox 4500 years ago in the centre of the Golden Gate of the Ecliptic. The
dashed green line is the line connecting Omicron Tauri and the western tip of the Hyades.
File:Himmelstafel.Tal-Qadi.eingepasst.png created by Bautsch - Own work - license: CC0

28 Alcyone
The fertility control
The fertile months seem to be rules by 15 or 16 nymphs, who may be clothed or naked and control
their own stars. The number 15 or 16, which is found in the previously documented sky table of Tal-
Qadi, may be explained from the 5 Hyades' Nymphs and the 10 Pleiades' Nymphs.
The total number of each month or zodiac symbol seems to be 30, which may represent the number
of days.
Roman EVA Zodiac Month Nymphs Inner ↔ middle band Middle ↔ outer band Outs
calend. page
cluster The Hyades' Nymphs The Pleiades' Nymphs
Graphic Hold. Dress. naked barrels Hold. Dress. naked barrels
symb.
1 f70v2 Pisc. Mar. 29 6 - 10 10 - - 19 19 -
2a f70v1 Aries D. Apr. 15 - 3 2 5 5 6 4 10 -
2b f71r Aries L. Apr. 15 5 4 1 5 10 10 - 10 -

3a f71v Taur. L. May 15 5 4 1 5 10 8 2 10 -
3b f72r1 Taur. D. May 15-16 6 1 4 5 10 - 10 - -
4 f72r2 Gem. Jun. 30 9 - 9 - 16 4 12 - 5
5 f72r3 Canc. Jul. 30 7 - 7 - 11 - 11 - 12
6 f72v3 Leo Aug. 30 12 - 12 - 18 - 18 - -
7 f72v2 Virgo Sept. 30 12 - 12 - 18 - 18 - -
8 f72v1 Libra Oct. 30 10 - 10 - 20 - 20 - -
9 f73r Scorp. Nov. 30 10 - 10 - 16 - 16 - 4
10 f73v Sagit. Dec. 30 10 - 10 - 16 - 16 - 4
Table 3 Description of the nymphs in the Voynich information browser (Version 0.4)
The following details are quoted from the description according to the Voynich information browser
(Version 0.4):
Phase 1 – March (29 naked; 29 in barrels)

In the space between the inner and middle rings of text (in f70v2, Pisces) there is a
broad band containing 10 human figures or "nymphs", each coming out of a horizontal
cylinder. Between the middle and the outer text rings are 19 (not 20) nymphs. All 29
figures are naked, and seem to be female.
Phase 2a - Dark April (6 naked nymphs; 9 dressed; 15 in barrels)

In the broad space between the outer and middle bands there are 10 human figures, or
"nymphs"; and 5 more in the space between the middle and inner bands—or 15 nymphs
in total. Every nymph is standing inside an upright cylindrical container or "barrel".
Some of the nymphs are dressed, but the nipples and body outline often show through
the dress. Most nymphs, even naked ones, wear some kind of headgear (hat, veil,
diadem, etc.)
Phase 2b - light April (1 naked nymph; 14 dressed; 15 in barrels)
In the space between the inner and middle bands (of f71r Aries, “light” April) there are
5 nymphs, and 10 more in the space between the middle and outer band. Each nymph is
standing inside an upright barrel, with a star or flower next to her head. Some stars have
tails (or stems); some nymphs are holding their stars, by a ray or by the tail, others are
pointing at them, some have their both hands on the hips. All but one of the nymphs are
heavily dressed, and none have salient breasts or visible nipples.
Phase 3a - light May (3 naked nymphs; 12 dressed; 15 in barrels)

Between the inner ring of text (of f71v Taurus, “light” May) and the middle ring are five
human figures or "nymphs", each standing in a barrel, waist deep, holding a star. One is
naked, four are clothed. The barrel at 00:00 is ribbed. Between the middle ring and the
outer ring are 10 human figures, each in a barrel, waist deep, holding a star. Two are
naked, eight are clothed. (Taurus is April 20th to May 20th. )
Phase 3b - dark May (16 naked nymphs; 5 in barrels; 1 hiding)

Between the inner ring of text and the middle ring (of f72r1 Taurus, “dark” May) are 6
human figures or "nymphs", each holding a star. Five are standing in a barrel, waist
deep; a sixth one is peeking from behind the barrel at 08:30. Between the middle ring
and the outer ring are 10 human figures, standing. The one at 00:00 is in frontal view, all
others are in 3/4 view, between frontal and facing clockwise. The one at 02:30 has the
right arm straight back and down; all the others have the right hand on their hips. All the
figures are naked.
Phase 4 – June
Between the inner ring of text and the middle ring (of f72r2, Gemini) are 9 naked
human figures or "nymphs" with stars. Between the middle ring and the outer ring there
are 16 nymphs, standing, each holding a star with the left hand. Four are clothed, the
rest is naked. Standing on top of the diagram, outside the text circle, are another 5 naked
women, right hand on the hip, each holding a star.
Phase 5 – July
The rings of text delimit three circular bands, containing (from outside in) respectively
12, 11, and 7 human figures or "nymphs", i.e. 30 in total. All figures seem to be naked,
except for occasional headgear (hat, bonnet, diadem, and one crown).
Phase 6 - August
The three rings of text define two bands containing human figures (12 in the inner band,
18 in the outer one), all naked.
Phase 7 - September
Between the bands of text, there are two bands of naked figures ("nymphs"), 12 in the
inner one, 18 in the outer one. Most of them are clearly female.
Phase 8 - October
Between the bands of text, there are two bands of naked figures ("nymphs"), 10 in the
inner one, 20 in the outer one. Most of them are clearly female (visible breasts, long
hair). All nymphs are naked.
Phase 9 - November
Between the rings of text, there are two bands of naked figures ("nymphs"), 10 in the
inner one and 16 in the outer one. Four additional nymphs are standing on top of the
outer ring of text. Most of them are female.
Phase 10 – December
Between the rings of text, there are two bands of naked figures ("nymphs"), 10 in the
inner one and 16 in the outer one. There are 4 additional nymphs standing on top of the
outer ring of text. Most of them are female. Each nymph is holding or pointing to a star.
Obviously the nymphs are used as the symbolic switches to control the rain in the European months
April and May. In the months April and May the number of nymphs are reduced from 29/30 to
15/16. From the May the nymphs' activity of the zodiac rings seems to be stabilized until the next
raining season.
In the first episodes (f71r and f71v, light May and light April) the number of nymphs is 15. In the
last episode (dark May) the number of nymphs is 16, including one hiding nymph. These are the
months of the fertile, rainy season.
The colored dresses in May
I order to analyze the Voynich manuscript I decided to order the details in an overview, which is
easier in a book29 than at a computer terminal.
Immediately I noticed the colored dresses for the nymphs were restricted to the 2 pages f71r (April)
and f71v (L. May).
In f72r1 only one nymph (at 9 o'clock) was dressed, but not in a colored dress. This lady is holding a
“mirror” and may inspect the image of her face. In the web-data the “mirror” is a black oval, in which no
face can be identified. In the printed book 30 the oval is filled with a 5-letter word (in the upper mirror section)
and a “mirrored” face (in the lower mirror section).
Fig. 4 Dressed with a black colored mirror in f72r1
This image seems to be corrected (maybe by another spectral filtered photographic tool or a repaired black
“hole”) compared to the lady with a “mirror” and the 5-letter word (in EVA-letters “ceeey” ?) or even 2
extra letters (at the left an “l” and an letter shaped as an “8 31” at the right side) in the upper mirror section.
The lady seems to be dressed, which may be identified by the collar and her covered breasts.
Fig. 5: Lady with a “mirror” and a 5-letter EVA-word (“ceeey” ?) in f72r1
29 The Voynich Manuscript (2016), published by Raymond Clemens (Author), Deborah E. Harkness (Author)
30 The Voynich Manuscript (2016), published by Raymond Clemens (Author), Deborah E. Harkness (Author)
31 In EVA-code this “8” represents the letter “d”
Interpretation of the 5-letter EVA-word (“ceeey” ?)
If the word is mirrored it may also reflect a number of mirrored letters, which should be interpreted as
another alphabet, which may have to be interpreted as follows:
Fig. 6 Horizontally mirrored (EVA and Latin) alphabets

mirrored from the EVA (European Voynich Alphabet).
In EVA the capital letters may be used to encode variants.
Licensed: VonHaarberg, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Interpretation of the secret word & mirror

Of course the “mirror” and the word may have been designed as an important message or a hint (to decode
the EVA-language) for the readers. One of the monks in the cloisters may have turned the helpful message or
hint into a black hole, which probably has been unveiled by the removal of the black ink.
Toenote (to a secret footnote)
Obviously I had discovered a secret, which had been hidden behind the black oval in f72r1, which had been repaired in recent years between the digitizing of Beinecke MS 408 of the
Yale University Library Digital Collections and the version for the The Voynich Manuscript (2016), published by Raymond Clemens (Author), Deborah E. Harkness (Author). Both
manuscripts were supposed to represent the same object, but someone had repaired between the first digitization of 2004 32 and the The Voynich Manuscript (2016). Why had this
discovery and repair not been described in the essays in The Voynich Manuscript (2016). I knew I had to stop my research and check the possibility of other repairs. The discovery of
secrets and repairs also had to be considered as keys for the decoding of the manuscripts hidden wisdom, which may had to be remained a secret for the common readers. Probably the
real messages of the Voynich Manuscript had to be protected against discoveries by the common readers.....
I found another oval in page f15r and f15v , which probably represented a hole in the parchment. Similar ovals were found in f41r and f41v and f46r and f46v .The hole in f46v is located
at the center of the plant's root. The hole in f50r (and f50v ) suggests the usage of a “window” (in the center of the flower) to a few letters on another page.
Fig. 7 The hole in f50r (andf50v ) suggests the usage of a “window”

(in the center of the flower) to a few letters on another page
Another oval is found in page f72v1. In this case the repair (including the shape and the ink) seems to be done similar to the the black oval in f72r1. The page references the Zodiac for
month October. In The Voynich Manuscript (2016) the oval is colored brown. The shape of the oval seems to be unchanged.
The oval of the Lady with a “mirror” and a 5-letter EVA-word (“ceeey” ?) in f72r1 seems to be the only secretly hidden message in the Voynich manuscript.
32 See the chronology in The Voynich Manuscript (2016).

The explanation of the missing nymph
A curiosity has been documented in a comment to the number of nymphs in page f72r1.
[Stolfi] I count 16 nymphs in this page, but other people give the total as 15. Presumably they
are not counting the smaller nymph without barrel.
It looks as if the artist decided to add one more figure at the last minute, and had to
improvise... 33
The curiosity of the smaller nymph without barrel may be explained by the reconstruction of the mirror in
the Voynich information browser (Version 0.4, probably from 2004). Jorge Stolfi counted 16 in page f72r1 of the
The Voynich Manuscript (2016) and did not inspect the elder version of the Voynich manuscript, which only
contains 15 nymphs in page f72r1.
The 16th woman may have been the Lady with a “mirror” and a 5-letter EVA-word (“ceeey” ?) in the black
spot at page f72r1.
Interpretation of the colored dressed nymphs

In March (f70v2) the nymphs were naked and there bodies remained “uncolored”.
In the decorated dresses of the zodiacal nymphs the months April and the beginning half month of May may
be symbolized as the most important of the year. These are the weeks of the rain-makers.
Roman EVA Zodiac Month Nymphs Inner ↔ middle band Middle ↔ outer band Outs
calend. page
cluster The Hyades' Nymphs The Pleiades' Nymphs
Graphic Hold. Dress. naked barrels Hold. Dress. naked barrels
symb.
1 f70v2 Pisc. Mar. 29 6 - 10 10 - - 19 19 -
2a f70v1 Aries D. Apr. 15 - 3 2 5 5 6 4 10 -
2b f71r Aries L. Apr. 15 5 4 1 5 10 10 - 10 -

3a f71v Taur. L. May 15 5 4 1 5 10 8 2 10 -
3b f72r1 Taur. D. May 15-16 6 1 4 5 10 - 10 - -
Table 4 The colored dresses for the nymphs were restricted to the 3 pages f70v1, f71r (April) and
f71v (L. May)
33 At page f72r1 in the Voynich information browser (Version 0.4)

Statistics of the status of the nymphs
The activity of the nymphs concentrates on the halved months April and May, for which the number
of nymphs is halved from 30 to 15.
In this episode the number of dressed nymphs raises from zero to 12 in May and the number of
naked nymphs is reduced from 29 to 3 in May.
In the months June and July up to 5, respectively 12 nymphs are shifted to the outside positions.
In August the activity of the nymphs returns to the standard status of 30 naked nymphs with a slight
reduction of the number in the months of November and December. At this stage 4 nymphs are
shifted to the outside positions.
Roman EVA Zodiac Month Nymphs dressed naked barrels Outs

calend. page
1 f70v2 Pisc. Mar. 29 - 29 29 -
2a f70v1 Aries D. Apr. 15 9 6 15 -
2b f71r Aries L. Apr. 15 4 11 15 -
3a f71v Taur. L. May 15 12 3 15 -
3b f72r1 Taur. D. May 15-16 - 16 - -
4 f72r2 Gem. Jun. 30 4 21 - 5
5 f72r3 Canc. Jul. 30 - 18 - 12
6 f72v3 Leo Aug. 30 - 30 - -
7 f72v2 Virgo Sept. 30 - 30 - -
8 f72v1 Libra Oct. 30 - 30 - -
9 f73r Scorp. Nov. 30 - 26 - 4
10 f73v Sagit. Dec. 30 - 26 - 4
Table 5 Description of the nymphs in the Voynich information browser (Version 0.4)
Of course these shifts in the numbers of barrels and dressings describe several accompanying
effects of the rainfall in the spring: the filling of reservoirs, the growing of the plants, the unfolding
of the flowers and the developing of seed, respectively the harvest.
These shifts are ordered in a sequence, which may be derived from the natural procedure of the
farming process.
1. the filling of reservoirs (in April),
2. the growing of the plants (in May),
3. the unfolding of the flowers (in June)
4. and the developing of seed, respectively the harvest (in July)
5. the return of nature to the wintertime (November and December).
The Transit from Astronomy towards Biology
In the Voynich manuscript the last page (f73v) of the Zodiac suddenly switches to the Biology of
living creatures.
The following page (f75r) seems to describe the story of nymphs on their way from the sky to a
green basin at the earth. The green basin may symbolize the salted sea water.
From the sky the nymphs are showered by a blue colored fluid, which in page f75v may represent
the sweet water of the rain.
The symbolism of the colors green and blue

The first page of the Biology section (f75r) may be interpreted as the transfer of the nymphs as the
raindrops towards the green sea, where the water is supposed to be transformed to sweet water.
This transformation of salt water to sweet water may be symbolized in page f75v, in which the
nymphs are turning the salt water into sweet water.
The number of star-specifications
The Voynich manuscript contains 23 pages to describe the “stars”34.
Four pages are missing: f109r, f109v, f110r, f110v. Each page may contain an average of 14.26
stars. Therefore the missing pages might contain an average number of 4 x 14.26 stars = 57.04,
resulting in 385 as a total number of the stars (in f103r → f116r).
Page Lines stars Lines / star

1 f103r 54 19
2 f103v 44 15
3 f104r 45 13
4 f104v 44 13
5 f105r 35 10
6 f105v 38 10
7 f106r 47 16
8 f106v 47 16
9 f107r 51 15
10 f107v 49 15
11 f108r 50 16
12 f108v 51 16
13 f111r 54 17
14 f111v 51 19
15 f112r 45 12
16 f112v 47 13
17 f113r 51 16
18 f113v 49 15
19 f114r 33 14
20 f114v 41 12
21 f115r 44 13
22 f115v 45 13
23 f116r 30 10
24 f116v 0 0
1045 328 3,2
34 Source: Overview
The color green as the mixture of blue and yellow
The analysis of the page f75v, which (with page f75r) directly follows the 10 circles of the Zodiac,
suggests the green fluid may be the product of a mixture of blue and yellow, which is suggested by
the alternation of the colors yellow and blue in the upper borderline of the “cloud” on top of the
following drawing. Especially the color yellow is rather fainting, but the alternation is following the
complete top borderline.
The supply channel is feeding the “cloud” with a blue fluid, which is mixed up with a yellow source
at the borderline. From here the fluid flows downwards along their yellow hair and seems to feed
the green fluid in the basin at the bottom of the drawing.
The ten ladies seem to walk in the green fluid in a circle. The four persons at the left side are
walking to the right-side, whereas they have to pass the six ladies, who are marching to the left-side.
If the 10 ladies represent the months 1,2,3...10 of the zodiac their sequence may be 4-3-2-1 at the
left-side and 5-6-7-8-9-10 at the right-side of the drawing. The month #1 is the month March, #2 is
April, #3 is May, #4 is June, #5 is July, #6 is August, #7 is September, #8 is October, #9 November
and #10 December.
Another sequence may be: #5 is March, #6 is April, #7 is May, #8 is June, #9 is July, #10 is August,
#1 is September, #2 is October, #3 November and #4 December. The support for this sequence may
be confirmed by the (shortest) 3-letter words for the month #1, respectively 4-letter words for
month #2 and #3.
In the following drawing the colors have been intensified in their usage at the Voynich manuscript.
The additional markers complete the rather clumsy coloring of the original sketch, which merely
suggest enough to indicate an alternation of the colors. The rather clumsy coloring suggests the
artist must have been in a hurry. Except for the alternation of blue and yellow his coloring style is
more or less correctly followed:
Fig. 8 The color green as the mixture of blue and yellow
This drawing may explain the thesis, that the color green symbolizes the mixture of blue and
yellow. Also the 10 ladies may be interpreted as the 10 nymphs, who rotate in a circle in the green
colored fluid of a basin.
The rainbows
The rainbows in the top segment in page f82v

The rainbows in the upper segment in page f82v may be analyzed for the most relevant words
“water” (“aqua”).
Fig. 9: Several words with references to the water (upper segment in page f82v)
The following 4 words with a reference to “water” in the top segment of the drawing are found in
page f82v (from the left to the right)35:
1. <f82v.L1.1;H> otechdy= 3. <f82v.L1.3;H> daiin. oty=

2. <f82v.L1.2;H> otedy= 4. <f82v.L1.4;H> otedal=
Several words with references to the water (upper segment in page f82v)
In these lines the core “ote“ may be transcribed as “water”. The vowels a and e may be equivalent.
The rainbows in the bottom segment in page f82v
Fig. 10: Several words with references to the water (bottom segment in page f82v)
In the 9 words for the rainbow the root “oko“ may be interpreted as “aqua”, in which the vowel “o”
~ “a” and the consonant “k” ~ “qu”.
35 Translations of Takeshi Takahashi

The word okol may be translated as “aqual(is)” (waterpot, wash basin, ewer).
The word oko-oky may be a rainbow in the sense of an “aqua-arcus”.
The 8 words in the drawing are found in page f82v (from the left to the right)36:
1. <f82v.L3.7;H> okain= 4. <f82v.L3.10;H> okedor= 7. <f82v.L3.13;H> okol=

2. <f82v.L3.8;H> olkol= 5. <f82v.L3.11;H> otedol= 8. <f82v.L3.14;H> otoldy=
3. <f82v.L3.9;H> okooky= 6. <f82v.L3.12;H> oteedy=
The rainbows in the bottom segment in page f82v
These translations may be compared to the labels in the upper segment in page f82v. The words for
otedol water may be varied between “aqua” and the core “ate” in “water”.
The words “otedal” and “otedol” may both symbolize “Rainbow” or (more precise) “water-bow”, in
which “bow” may symbolize a “dale”.
The statistics of otedol

<f43v.P.5;H> qokchedy.or.alody.otedol.chcThdy.chtey=
<f79v.P.1;H> p!!!oldShedy.olkory.qotolol.otaldy.otedol.or.olorol-
<f82v.L3.11;H> otedol=
<f114v.P.4;H> qokedy.cheo!cThedy.qoted.qotedol.chear.qotedy.okeedy.daiin.chedai!n.oky-
The statistics of otedal

<f66r.R.4;H> Shdy.qotedy.chdy.chedy.qotedal.chcFheor.ykeedy.dar.qotey.kol.ar-
<f82v.L1.4;H> otedal=
<f86v6 .P.1;H> pchey.pchdar.opor.cPhy.cher.aiin.ofy.chedy.otedalol.orairody.qotchdai!
n.qopy!!!!!!!!-
<f108v.P.7;H> pchedaiin.okedy.otedal.lkedeed.okedar.okeey.qoteol.lkedy.otey.raiin.am-
<f111v.P.5;H> qokeed.o.aiin.otedy.qokedy.chedy.!!!!!!qokeey.qokeedy.qokeol.Shedy.qotedal.lol-
<f114v.P.21;H> dair.cheeo.chy.chdaiin.qokedy.otcheo!daiin.qokchdy.otedal.dai!n.aral-
<f14v .P.34;H> olkeechy.ol.oaiin.aiin.chocThey.qotedal .ocThy.sotey.cheor.air-
<f116r.P.15;H> pchoetal.otedal.otal.oteedy.olr.daiin.okeedy.qoky.dar.al.keedy.Shdy-
May these keys help us to solve the cryptic language of the Voynich language? We will see...
36 Translations of Takeshi Takahashi

The EVA-word “oto” (“water”)
Statistics for the word OTO

Statistics for the EVA-word “oto” (“water”) may be listed as follows:
<f67r1.R.3;H>
archeor.qoikeey.oteeos.cheocKhey.oteochedy.okeohdar.dararal.okeosar.sotey.dair.y
to!y.oteos.oteees.oteo.oteesy.Sheokeey.oteodal.chokeed.sar.ainy.oto!
keedar.deeety.okeey.teodain.chekchy.dair.chparam=
<f69r.C.13;H> oto.dar.archol-
<f71r.R1.1;H>
olkeeody.okody.okchedy.oky.eey.okeodar.okeoky.oteody.oto.otol.oteey.ar.ykooar.ai
in.aekeeey.okeo!keo!keody.okeodar.chy.s.aiin.oto!
keoar.or.ar.al.otol.al.ShcKhey.oteeeodar.oteody.otol.aiin.Shoekey.sal.al.ald.che
eokseo.q!orky.choly=
<f71v.R2.1;H>
okol.Sheeor.chal.oteeos.al.Shsky.okalar.ar.okeo.dar.oty.oto.kaiin.chey.tol.otchr
.chtos.cheor.Shepchol.otor.Sheo.Shopcho.ar.aly.okeo.cheey.otal.al.Shldy.otaly.
<f72v1.R1.1;H> !!!!!
otar.air.chpaly.oteody.okchesal.otear.alShey.oleealy.Sh*etey.oteos.alal.dals.alc
hol.ytolaiin.ydaiin.chotar.ytal.oto.Shoty.otey.okchedyly.Shdary.sar.ote!
dy.oto.r!ar.Shedy.!opShey!
tey.opairaly.choShydy.otar.cheedy.otalaiin.cheeky.okalar.ysr*y.s.ok*s*t*.oteos.a
lar.
<f73v.R3.1;H> otedchor.alar.olkcho.oto.lam.okees.chory.ytaly.ylaly.otasam-
<f85r1.P.12;H> tdai!
n.okeody.lchdy.lkor.oeeseary.dar.Shedaiin.oto.daiin.dxar.a!m-
<f86v5.P.20;H> ykaiin.ykeey.ykal.chod.aiin.oeey.teod!kaiin.oto!daiin.okai!n-
<f93r.P.1;H> kodShol.o
<f101v2.P.1;H> tolchor.cheop!or.or.ody.cPheyr.Shee.fol.s!oiin.otSheey.oto!!
***-***!!kcho.pcholy.chor.or.choror.sy-dorar-okoraiin.orol!odai!n-
<f105v.P.24;H> alcheey.okaiin.otar.oto.daiin.cKheol.lkol.fchedy!paiin=
<f112r.P.40;H> sai!n.okal.lkeedy.okar.okchedy.qokal.keedy.chkey.oto.aral-
Statistics for the word OTE
Statistics for the EVA-word “ote” (“water”) may be listed as follows:
<f58r.P.10;H> tal.ar.am.Shar.chepchey.otar.aldy.otal.cheam.qokaiin.ote.ry-
<f68r3.C1.1;H> odchd.otchdy.cheoteeo.oShchey.chokol.cheody.chedy.!!ote!
odaiin.otchodal.s!ol.cheor.oteo.oteey.!
oetchdy.opcheody.dchedy.daiin.oteeody.da*!!!
cheedy.oteeody.qochecTh*m.dchreo.okeodly.do.ls.os!
chaiin.cheocKhedchy.chodal.cheody.chol.al.oteo!
dched.okedy.qokeey.choky.dol.daleesd.okinaiir.
<f72r3.R2.1;H> otochedy.otal.okoey.Sheedy.oteodar.ykeolal.ya.r.oteos.cheo!l!
aiin.ykeeoly.otaiin.Shear.oiin.or-o*.*o*a!.Sheokeor.ote!ody.!!!oekes.otees.!!
oeteos.dotsey.se**or.oteol.Shol.cheem.okeody.Sheol.Shey!.Shey!!
sy.Sho!!.teey.cheor.yoeteey.okeeoy.chy.okeeo.ykoly=
<f72r3.R4.1;H> okeo!s.a
iin.olaiin.oraiin.ocTheol.arl.okeeody.ote!os.aiin.!koly-
<f72v3.R1.1;H>
soees.otchs.otedar.oteody.oteodal.oteos.ote*k**.*eody.Sheokay.Sheody.Shedykeyl.e
teody!
s.okoleeolar.okeey.Shedy.otey.Sho.Shol.teody.okol***.yklede*y.okechly.olaiin.Sho
kche**.!lol.chopchey.teey.teoda.cher.okecheay.otechol.chsor.cheey.daein.o!
yteiedar.chr.!!!cThy.otycheedy.oteeol!y.chokory-
<f72v1.R1.1;H> !!!!!
otar.air.chpaly.oteody.okchesal.otear.alShey.oleealy.Sh*etey.oteos.alal.dals.alc
hol.ytolaiin.ydaiin.chotar.ytal.oto.Shoty.otey.okchedyly.Shdary.sar.ote!
dy.oto.r!ar.Shedy.!opShey!
tey.opairaly.choShydy.otar.cheedy.otalaiin.cheeky.okalar.ysr*y.s.ok*s*t*.oteos.a
lar.
<f113r.P.50;H> tchedy.okeey.cheeos.lkaiin.chey.otai!n.cheeody.qokeeo!
dy.okaiin.ote!edy-
Statistics for the word OKO
Statistics for the EVA-word “oko” (“water”) may be listed as follows:
<f13v .P.2;H> oko.qokol.chodal.otchol.cPhol.choty-
<f44v .P.7;H> oko.tchaiin.cThol.dy.cheol.ololy=
<f58v .P2.25;H> ykaly.qokal.ol.ar.qokeos.okal!ar.oko!
s.al.Shekar.qokair.alam-
<f68r2 .U.1;H> okeo.okor.oko.okemy.oka!isy.qokool.!cheo.qo*ol=
<f68v3 .O.1;H> oko.otol.ees.choty.chedas.otchdy.s!
or.oekaiin.oteol.dar.cheo.dais.qoeeokaiin.otchey.dal.cheky.ykes.qokeol.s!
ol.oy.ykeoees.yty.dy.dy.chody.otol!
olees.oty.sar.qoteey.otey.chey.kodar.dar.Sheody.Shees.daiin.oteeoaly.oteeosol.ol
.okol.olsey.tol.cheol.okeey.choekchchy.okchy.qokchShy.dchol.chShek=
<f68v3 .S.4;H> okeol.cheoda.qolkeey.ocheky.eeody.okchdy.oko.okos=
<f69r .S.1;H> oko!eese.dain!key.ochs.cheor.yteey.o!
kcheo.dar.cho.okchos.al.aiin=
<f70r1 .C.3;H>
okeol.choly.yky.okchedy.chkal.ofchor.qokal.opolaiin.okeos.oty.dal.choekeey.dal.c
hoekeey.dal.cheo.al.otchoky.chety.chodalar.okal.chear.aly.oteos.ar.os.al.oko!l!
air.dy-oteodas.chy.oteody.tochody.okchody.ytar.ytory-
<f70r2 .C.4;H>
otoy.ar.arodchedy.cheecPheey.oteeos.ees.cheol.Sheeey.okeedaly.cheeoekey.ykeed*.r
!!!.oteey.s.al!.s.air.oteody.!!!!!!!
dar.aiir.ody.cheeos!.chey.daiin.otoeeseor.air.chedy.oko.dar.al.Sho.chotol.d!!!!!
!al.dy-
<f90r1 .P.8;H> kor.Sheol.qodar.oko.ykeey.qokeey.qodar.qokeed.s.choky-
<f113v .P.11;H>
or.Sheor.oteeo.cheey.olkeey.otol.chotair.otar.qotar.okar.oko.lkedal.ram-
The names in the texts of the Voynich maniscript
The text of the Voynich manuscript seemed too complex to directly translate the labels of the stars,
which are labeled with EVA-words. Most languages applied their own name-giving methods for
the clusters and stars of the Pleiades and Hyades, who usually belonged to the local deities.
Of course I did some investigations and tried some simple checks, but probably we will need some
more analysis in the labels, which may be selected from the bulk texts of the Voynich manuscript.
Additionally I searched for the Name of the Sky-god, which in PIE-languages is known as DIAUS.
I documented the (rather poor) results of this research in the following chapters:
The EVA-formulas for the (7) nymphs

In the supposed EVA-formulas (f75r) the seven names of the nymphs are: “sal. okeedy”, “da!ly.
ychey”, “sols. daro”, “ychty”, “saino”, “saldy”, “dainy”. The three leading EVA-names 37 “sal.
okeedy”, “da!ly. ychey”, “sols. daro” may be related to the Zeus' consorts Maia (Μαῖα)38, Electra
(Ἠλέκτρα), Taygete (Ταϋγέτη).
Comparison of a few nymphs

In many languages the Pleiades had and still have a proper name:
Old High German thaz sibunstirri (das Siebenstirn), Polish baby (crones), Russian baba
(crone), Japanese Subaru (assembly), Turkish Ülker, Aztecan Tianquiztli (market place),
Sumerian Mul-Mul (stars), Akkadian Zappu (heap), Latin Vergiliae (meshwork), Greek
heptasteros (sevenstar), Arabian Al-Thurayya (candelabrum)[27], Hebrew Kimah (little heap),
Maori Matariki, Hawaiian Makaliʻi, Aragonesian As Crabetas, Welsh Twr Tewdws, Finnish
Seulaset (little sieve or seven brow), ...39
The names of the nymphs may vary from language to language or even from dialect to dialect. The
relation of the names to the individual stars seems to be difficult for moving objects. None of these
names seemed to fit tot the EVA-formulas for the nymphs (as specified in f75r).
Pleiades Pleiades Hyades Character EVA-formulas
[Tur Toodus] Variants for the nymphs
Streoillín (f75r)
1 Maia midwife Maia Phaisyle / Aesyle Ambrosia filtered light sal. okeedy
(vine)
2 Electra comet Coccymo Coronis Koronis Crow da!ly. ychey
3 Taygete Glaucia Cleeia (or Cleis) Polyxo famous sols. daro
4 Alcyone Protis Phaeo Phyto (“plant”) dainy
5 Celaeno dark one Parthenia Eudora Eudora generous saino
6 (A)Sterope lightning Stonychia Thyone (Semele ?) ychty
7 Merope lost Pleiad Lampado Pedile dim saldy
Table 6 Overview of the name-giving of the nymphs
37 EVA → (European Voynich Alphabet)

38 Maia, the eldest[5] of the seven Pleiades, was the mother of Hermes by Zeus.
39 → The Golden Gate of the Ecliptic. In Wikibook: The Tal-Qadi Sky Tablet (5.3 Tradition)
The nine brightest stars of the Pleiades are named for the Seven Sisters of Greek mythology:
Sterope, Merope, Electra, Maia, Taygeta, Celaeno, and Alcyone, along with their parents Atlas and
Pleione. Alcyone is the brightest star in the Pleiades open cluster40, followed by Atlas, Electra,
Maia, Merope, Taygeta, Pleione...
In the Voynich information browser (Version 0.4) I found three EVA-labels for a relevant star-
cluster (probably the Pleiades) or individual stars which may be useful to be compared to
corresponding suitable names:
Fig. 11 The labels dchol.dal= (star), doaro=(cluster) and oalcheol= (tail) in EVA in page f68r3
40 Alcyone
For the Pleiades in other mythologies, see Pleiades in folklore and literature. Only for the clusters
(Pleiades and Hyades) an EVA-word “doaro” may be associated to “Atlas” or “Orion”, which both
contain two vowels as “doaro”: the “a” in Atlas and the “o” in “doaro” and “Orion”:
EVA- Topic Greek Celts Persians Arabs

word
Welsh Irish Hindi Urdu
doaro cluster Pleiades Tŵr Tewdws Streoillín Parvīn Parvī al-Thurayya
(Tur Toodus) ath-thurayya
Hyades
dchol.dal Star 1 Alcyone
doaro Star 2 Atlas
Star 3 Electra
Star 4 Maia
Star 5 Merope
Star 6 Taygeta
Star 7 Pleione
oalcheol tail comet
Table 7 Comparison of the EVA-words to the historical words for the Pleiades
(in Greek, Celts, Persians, Arabs)
The analysis of Arabian expressions
I also inspected a few Arab expressions: (quoted in the German original language):
Mit dem beduinischen Sternbild Hände der Thuraya (grüne durchgezogene Linien).
Die anatomischen Bestandteile von unten Mitte über die Plejaden (Thuraya) nach rechts
oben: die amputierte Hand (al-kaf al-jadhma'), Thuraya (die kleine Reichliche, ath-
thuraya), das Schulterblatt (al-'atiq), die Schulter (al-mankib), der Oberarm (al-'adud),
die Ellenbogenspitze (ibrat al-mirfaq), der Ellenbogen (al-mirfaq), die
Ellenbogengrube (al-ma'bid), der Unterarm von Thuraya (dhira’ ath-thuraya), die
Tätowierung de Handgelenks (washm al-mi'sam), die Henna-gefärbte Hand (al-kaf al-
khadib).[1]
Thuraya wird von den Beduinen auch als der fette Schwanz des Asterismus Lamm (al-
hamal) interpretiert. Dies entspricht dem griechischen Sternbild Widder (Aries). Der
Stern Hamal steht für die kleinen Hörner des Lammes.[2] Der Arm der Thuraya mit der
amputierten Hand und der Asterismus Lamm bilden zusammen einen Trichter, durch
den die Wandelgestirne auf der Ekliptik (rot gepunktete Linie) in das Goldene Tor der
Ekliptik eintreten. Der Vollmond befindet sich in der Aufnahme zirka drei Bogengrad
südlich der Ekliptik zwischen den Plejaden und Menkar. 41
The derivation of the labels

# The seven-star cluster can only be the Pleiades. So perhaps
# "doaro" means "Pleiades" in Voynichese?
#
# inner star cluster (Pleiades), at 10:00
<f68r3.X.1;H> doaro=
#
One star in f68r3

# Labels on stars in sectors
# Last edited on 1998-12-08 23:18:00 by stolfi
#
# "U" transcription by J. Stolfi from scanned image
# "V" transcription by John Grove.
#
# Sector 10:00, lone star and a star cluster
#
# inner star cluster (Pleiades), at 10:00
<f68r3.X.1;H> doaro=
#
# tail near Pleiades
<f68r3.X.2;H> oalcheol=
#
# outer lone star, at 10:00
<f68r3.X.3;H> dchol.dal=
#
41 Source: Thurayya
Sector 01:00, two stars
#
# outer star (over crease, hard to read)
<f68r3.X.4;H> otory.{crease}=
#
# inner star
<f68r3.X.5;H> okos=
#
Sector 04:00, three stars

#
# outer star, at 04:15
<f68r3 .X.6;H> okolchy=
#
# inner star, at 04:00
<f68r3.X.7;H> a..{crease}cphy=
#
<f68r3 .X.8;H> chdy.yky=
#
Sector 07:00, four stars

#
# middle star, at 07:00
<f68r3 .X.9;H> darall=
#
<f68r3 .X.10;H> o.cthyd=
#
<f68r3 .X.11;H> okchoda=
#
# inner star, at 07:00
<f68r3.X.12;H> oty!dm=
Inner ring of text, around the moon

#
## <f68r3.C2> {}
# Inner ring of text, around moon
# Last edited on 1998-12-08 19:53:01 by stolfi
#
# No discernable starting point.
# Transcription clockwise from 09:30.
#
# "U" transcription by J. Stolfi from scanned image
# "V" transcription by John Grove.
#
<f68r3 .C2.1;H> otchody.chokchy.okol.cheol.dar.cho.keol.dolaiin.okeol.oly.
Letter-Statistics in the texts of the Voynich manuscript
The Voynich manuscript seems to apply a few additional variants (symbolized by capital letters) for
some letters. These additional symbols may simply be generated by a short stroke to a standard
letter. This encoding concept may be used for sacred or more important words such as the names for
gods or the sky-god. Of course I checked the name-giving of the nymphs' names, but did not find a
suitable matched word in capital letters.
I also checked the applications of capital letter-combinations of 2 or 3 capital letter-combinations,
which is documented in this chapter.
The EVA (European Voynich Alphabet)

In the following table of the EVA (European Voynich Alphabet) additional variants of the 5 EVA-
vowels A, E, (H), I, O (and Y) are identified. Additionally the EVA-consonants F, (H), K, P, S, T
and Y seem to represent variants as well. The Y may also be interpreted as a vowel U or I or a
consonant J. Some of these additional variants (symbolized by capital letters) may be defined in the
alphabet, but often are not found in the manuscript.
Statistics of the capital letters in the Voynich manuscript

In the Voynich manuscript the variant I are identified in the combinations 26 x ITh, 32 x IKh, 8 x
IPh, and 6 x IFh. There are no words with an isolated capital letter I.
These combinations of the variants may be interpreted as a highlighting for these cores. In the
combinations the consonants F, K, P, T are only used as soft versions: ITh, IKh, IPh, IFh.
The combination IS (and also ISh) are absent. In my analysis the capital letters V and H are absent
as well.
Abb. 12 EVA (European Voynich Alphabet).

In EVA the capital letters may be used to encode variants.
Licensed: VonHaarberg, CC BY-SA 4.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0>, via Wikimedia Commons
Fig. 13 The 7 names of the Pleiades (?), maybe encoded in the EVA-
formulas (f75r). Terms of Use https://guides.library.yale.edu/about/policies/access
The Voynich manuscript contains only one vowel I in capital letters. The absence of the capital
letters for the vowels A, E, O, U, Y is a strange fact, but these symbols may have been found in
other non-standard analyses.
My analysis only used data from the transcriber Takeshi Takahashi in the standard parameter of the
Extractor42.
My statistics of the the vowels, consonants and the letter-combinations IFh, IKh, IPh, IS and ITh is
listed in the following table:
additional variants (& combinations) Counted letters / combinations in the manuscript

1 The vowels A,E,H,O,U,Y (except I) -
2 The consonants H and V -
3 S The consonant S is (often or only ?) found at the beginning
of words
4 T The consonant T is (often or only ?) found in cT- or IT-
combinations
5 IFh 6
6 IKh 32
7 IPh 8
8 IS or ISh -
9 ITh 26
Table 8 Statistics of the additional variants (Capital Letters) and their combinations
The pentagrams
In the Indo-European languages the Creator God may be symbolized as the pentagram DYAUS. In
this coding system the Creator is based on the 5 sources 43 (lingual, palatal, guttural, labial, dental)
for the alphabetical letters.
According to the EVA-alphabet the EVA-word ThIEFS may be a valid PIE-keyword for the
Voynich manuscript. The letters I and Th seem to be combined to Ith. The other letters a, e, o, u or
y, s or r may be added to this core.
In the root combinations the dental letters R and S are rather rare, which restricts the pentagrams to
raIThy and saIThy. Often the trailer letter is an Y, which suggests the pentagrams may also be spelled
backwards ThIasf.
42 I only activated the option: automatically capitalized EVA

43 Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4, paragraph 3),
wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew alphabet and classifies them
in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph ( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds]
produced from the depth of the tongue with the opening of the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫)פ‬
are [labial sounds] made by the release of the lips and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬, yōd (‫)י‬,
kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by the width of the tongue [against the palate] with the [emission
of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬, ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau (‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-
section of the tongue with the [emission of] sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (
‫ )ש‬are [dental sounds] produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.”
Analysis of roots in the text of the Voynich's manuscript
Overview
Although the Herbal Section covers the largest number of pages the most important section seem to
be the Cosmological Section, in which the months for the rain are to be explained.
The nymphs are responsible for the rainy seasons and fertility. In Greek mythology the important
three nymphs are consorts of the main deity Zeus or in other societies the sun.
The Herbal Section 66 f. 1r–66v
Astronomic Section 6 f. 67r–73v
Anatomic Section 9 f. 75r–84v
Cosmological Section 1 f. 85r–86v
Pharmaceutic section 15 f. 87r–102v
Receipts and Keys 13 f. 103r–116v
The Herbal Section (f. 1r–66v)

Key EVA-Text
1 1 <f24r.P.2;H> okaiIKhal
1 2 <f24r.P.19;H> otaIPhy
1 3 <f30v.P.3;H> chtoIThy
1 4 <f34r.P.9;H> Ikhy
1 5 <f40v.P.11;H> aIThy
1 6 <f45r.P.1;H> shaIKhy
1 7 <f46r.P.11;H> oIFhedy
1 8 <f51r.P.14;H> daiiIThy
1 9 <f58v.P2.29;H> sheoIKhy P2
1 10 <f58v.P2.33;H> aIPhey P2
Table 9 The Herbal Section (Kräuterkundliche Sektion) (f. 1r–66v)

Astronomic Section (f. 67r–73v)
The word between the fish in page f70v2 could be "(m|n)((a|ci)(v|r)|w)(c|g)" in Latin
script, and is traditionally read "mars". Mars is French for March. The first letter (M)
resembles the last letter of <f116v.P.1> (the "michiton44" line).45
The label at the "Central star" in f70v2 is interpreted as “otral=” or “otylal=” or

“otalal=”.
The page f68v1 may represent the time-table for the visibility of the stars, which is explained as a
fertility power in the natural environment. The time-table is documented as a Twofold Timetable
with stars
• 4 4 4 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 6 5 5 5 (16)
• 8 7 7 8 9 9 8 7 (8)
Key EVA-Text Comments

2 1 <f67r1.R.1;H> choIKhedy R Unit: "Circular text around diagram"
Timetable with 24 segments
2 2 <f68v1.C.1;H> choIKh C Unit: "Circular text around diagram"
Twofold Timetable with stars
4 4 4 3 4 4 5 6 6 6 7 7 6 5 5 5 (16)
8 7 7 8 9 9 8 7 (8)
2 3 <f69r.R.2;H> ITho!r.ary R Unit: "Radial lines between "flower stalks""
2 4 <f70r2.C.1;H> choIKhy C Unit: "Circles of text around diagram, outside in."
2 5 <f70r2.C.1;H> DoIThy C
DeIThy (?)
2 6 <f70r2.C.1;H> choIKhy C
2 7 <f72r3.R1.1;H> chekaIThhy R1 Unit: "outermost text ring" Cancer (?)
2 8 <f72r3.S2.11;H> olaIKhy S2 "Labels on stars, Cancer, middle"
2 9 <f72v2.R1.1;H> chekaIPhy R1 Unit: "Outer ring of text, starting from wide gap at
09:00 (on the crease)"
Table 10 Astronomic Section (Astronomische Sektion) (f. 67r–73v)
44Line 1 Roman: nuchiton.ola6àba8.+.mûLcø8.+.te.+,tar.cevç,+.porta8.+M++-

45 f70v2
Anatomic Section (f. 75r–84v)
3 1 <f75r.P.19;H> IThey
3 2 <f78r.X.3;H> daloIKhy X Unit: "Outer ring of text, starting from
wide gap at 09:00 (on the crease)"
3 3 <f79r.P.11;H> ShoIKhy
3 4 <f79r.P.20;H> oIKhy
3 5 <f80v.P.5;H> oIThy
3 6 <f80v.P.19;H> olpoIKhy
3 7 <f81v.P.13;H> IPhy
3 8 <f82r.P2.32;H> IKhey P2 Text Paragraph 2
3 9 <f82v.P.29;H> aITh!y
3 10 <f84r.P.33;H> IThhy
Table 11 Anatomic section (Anatomisch-balneologische Sektion) (f. 75r–84v)
Cosmological Section (f. 85r–86v)
Key EVA-Text
<f86v6.P.17;H> ShoIFhy
<f86v6.P.22;H> taIKhy
<f86v5.P.13;H> aIThy
Table 12 Cosmological Section (Kosmologische Sektion) (f. 85r–86v)

Pharmaceutic section (f. 87r–102v)
<f88r.P2.6;H> koaIPhhy P2 Unit: "Outer ring of text, starting from wide
<f88r.P2.9;H> ShoIKhy P2 gap at 09:00 (on the crease)"
<f88v.P2.15;H> ShoIKhy P2 "panel f88v, bottom text (2 paragraphs)"
doIKhy
<f89r1.P2.10;H> *oaIThy P2 Unit: "panel f89r1, middle text"
<f89r1.P2.11;H> qoaIKhy P2 Unit: "panel f89r1, middle text"
<f89v1.t.2;H> otoIKhy t2 "top row of labels"
<f90v2.P.1;H> cPhdaIThy First word in the beginning (?)

<f90v2.P.2;H> IKheeos
<f90v1.P.7;H> etodaIThey
<f93v.P.6;H> qochoIThy
<f94v.P.1;H> dar-opchaIKhy
<f101r1.P.10;H> aIThy
<f102v2.P1.4;H> oeoIKhy P1 Unit: "first block of text"
<f102v1.P1.8;H> aIKhek!y P1 Unit: "first block of text"
Table 13 Pharmaceutic section (Pharmazeutische Sektion) (f. 87r–102v)

Receipts and Keys (f. 103r–116v)

<f103r.P.11;H> daIKhyky
<f103v.P.10;H> oIThy
<f103v.P.20;H> ShaIKhy
<f103v.P.21;H> ShaIKhhy
<f103v.P.39;H> IThy
<f104r.P.16;H> ocheoIThey
<f104v.P.35;H> okaIFhhy
<f105v.P.25;H> aIFhhy
<f105v.P.32;H> aIPhhey
<f106v.P.24;H> okaIFhy
<f107r.P.18;H> aIPh!y
<f107r.P.22;H> ShoIKhy
<f107r.P.30;H> aiiIKhe!dy
<f107r.P.43;H> aIThy
<f107r.P.49;H> aIFhy
aIThty
<f108r.P.16;H> saIThy
<f108v.P.10;H> ka!IThy
<f111r.P.11;H> aIKhy
<f111r.P.25;H> oIKhy
<f112v.P.6;H> cheaIKhy
<f113r.P.20;H> cPhoIThy
<f113v.P.21;H> aIThchr
<f114r.P2.36;H> aIKhdy P2
<f115v.P.17;H> raIThy
<f115v.P.41;H> choIPhy
Table 14 Receipts and Keys (Rezepte und Schlüssel) (f. 103r–116v)

Two capital letter-combinations in the EVA-formulas
The Root-combinations
The capitalized vowels in the Voynich-manuscript may be restricted to the vowel “I”, which always
seem to be combined with 3 capitalized consonants Θ, Χ, Φ. Strange as it may seem is the standard
display of the EVA-formula in lower case letters. The capitalized letters seem to be suppressed.
The fundamental letter “I” may be shared with the Hebrew root letter “iota”, the smallest symbol of
the Hebrew alphabet. In English this capitalized letter “I” symbolizes the “ego” of Man.
The most prominent letter combinations may be dual combination of 2 capitalized letters. The
capital letter I (the vowel or J) is combined with 3 or 4 other “soft” consonants Θ, Χ, Φ. The capital
letter I seem to be always combined with these consonants.
The root-combinations ITh, IKh, IPh, IFh may be interpreted as follows:
Priority Greek Roman German
Lingual 1 ΙΘ ITh Ith
Palatal 2 ΙΧ IKh Ich
Labial 3 ΙΦ Iph Ief
IFh If
Table 15 The root-combinations ITh, IKh, IPh, IFh
These roots may be extended with predecessor vowels a, e or o:
Priority Greek Roman German

Lingual 1 aΙΘ aITh aIth
Palatal 2 aΙΧ aIKh aIch
Labial 3 aΙΦ aIph aIef
aIFh aIf
Lingual 1 eΙΘ eITh eIth
Palatal 2 eΙΧ eIKh eIch
Labial 3 eΙΦ eIph eIef
eIFh eIf
Lingual 1 oΙΘ oITh oIth
Palatal 2 oΙΧ oIKh oIch
Labial 3 oΙΦ oIph oIef
oIFh oIf
Table 16 The root-combinations *ITh, *IKh, *IPh, *IFh
raIThy and saIThy.
The Root-combinations for A-words (“ighty”, “ikely”)
These root-combinations may be listed as A-words (“ighty”, “ikely”), which may be a deteriorated
extension for words like lightly, mighty, likely, etc...
Key EVA-Text
4 7 <f89r1.P2.10;H> *oaIThy P2
6 10 <f105v.P.25;H> aIFhhy
6 17 <f107r.P.49;H> aIFhy
aIThty
6 15 <f107r.P.30;H> aiiIKhe!dy
6 25 <f114r.P2.36;H> aIKhdy P2
6 2 <f102v1.P1.8;H> aIKhek!y P1
6 20 <f111r.P.11;H> aIKhy
6 13 <f107r.P.18;H> aIPh!y
6 11 <f105v.P.32;H> aIPhhey
3 9 <f82v.P.29;H> aITh!y
6 24 <f113v.P.21;H> aIThchr
6 16 <f107r.P.43;H> aIThy
6 0 <f101r1.P.10;H> aIThy
4 3 <f86v5.P.13;H> aIThy
3 2 <f78r.X.3;H> aloIKhy X
Table 17: The Root-combinations for A-words (“ighty”)

The Root-combinations for the ch-words (“choIKe”, “cheIK”)
These root-combinations may be listed as ch-words, which seem to be interpreted as variants of the
root-combinations ITh, IKh, IPh, IFh:
Key EVA-Text Sample
6 22 <f112v.P.6;H> cheaIKhy che(k)-aIKhy
2 9 <f72v2.R1.1;H> chekaIPhy R1 chek-aIPhy
2 9 <f72v2.R1.1;H> chekaIPhy R1 chek-aIPhy
2 7 <f72r3.R1.1;H> chekaIThhy R1 chek-aIThhy
2 7 <f72r3.R1.1;H> chekaIThhy R1 chek-aIThhy
2 2 <f68v1.C.1;H> choIKh C ch-oIKh
2 2 <f68v1.C.1;H> choIKh C ch-oIKh-edy
2 1 <f67r1.R.1;H> choIKhedy R ch-oIKh-edy
2 1 <f67r1.R.1;H> choIKhedy R ch-oIKh-edy
2 6 <f70r2.C.1;H> choIKhy C ch-oIKh
6 27 <f115v.P.41;H> choIPhy choIPhy
5 0 <f90v2.P.1;H> cPhdaIThy cPhd-aIThy
6 23 <f113r.P.20;H> cPhoIThy cPh-oIThy
Table 18 root-combinations may be listed as ch-words
The Root-combinations for the d-words (“deITy”)

These root-combinations may be listed as d-words (“deity”), which also contain the basic root-
combinations Ith, IKh, Iph, Ifh, which also may be extended to aIth, aIKh, aIph, aIfh, by a vowel
predecessor a, e, or o.
Key EVA-Text Sample
6 3 <f103r.P.11;H> daIKhyky de-ichiki “deitytic”
5 4 <f94v.P.1;H> dar-opchaIKhy dar-opch-aIKhy
2 5 <f70r2.C.1;H> doIThy C do-IThy “deity” (?)
5 2 <f90v1.P.7;H> etodaIThey e-to-daIThey e-to-”deity”
Table 19: Root-combinations for the d-words (“deity”)

The Root-combinations for the I-words (“IK” and “IT”)
These root-combinations may be listed as i-words (“ic”, “if” and “it”):
Key EVA-Text Sample
5 1 <f90v2.P.2;H> IKheeos Icheos
3 8 <f82r.P2.32;H> IKhey P2 Iche
3 7 <f81v.P.13;H> IPhy Ivy
3 1 <f75r.P.19;H> IThey Ithey
3 1 <f84r.P.33;H> IThhy Ithey
0
2 3 <f69r.R.2;H> ITho!r.ary R Ithorary
2 3 <f69r.R.2;H> ITho!r.ary R Ithorary
6 7 <f103v.P.39;H> IThy Ithey
Table 20 Root-combinations for the I-words (“I”)
Root-combinations for the K-words (“Co-IThy” and “Co-IPhy”)

These root-combinations may be listed as i-words (“co-ic” and “co-if”):
Key EVA-Text
6 19 <f108v.P.10;H> ka!IThy ka-IThy
4 4 <f88r.P2.6;H> koaIPhhy P2 ko-aIPhy
Table 21 Root-combinations for the C-words (“Co-IThy” and “Co-IPhy”)
The Root-combinations for the O-versions (of “IKh”, “IPh” and “ITh”)
The O-words may also be interpreted as O-combination with other words:
Key EVA-Text
6 8 <f104r.P.16;H> ocheoIThey ocheo-IThey oche-o-IThey
6 1 <f102v2.P1.4;H> oeoIKhy P1 oeo-IKhy
6 21 <f111r.P.25;H> oIKhy o-IKhy
3 4 <f79r.P.20;H> oIKhy o-IKhy
6 4 <f103v.P.10;H> oIThy o-IThy
3 5 <f80v.P.5;H> oIThy o-IThy
6 9 <f104v.P.35;H> okaIFhhy ok-aIFhhy ok-a-IFhhy
6 12 <f106v.P.24;H> okaIFhy ok-aIFhy ok-a-IFhy
2 8 <f72r3.S2.11;H> olaIKhy S2 ol-aIKhy ol-a-IKhy
3 6 <f80v.P.19;H> olpoIKhy olp-oIKhy olp-o-IKhy
4 9 <f89v1.t.2;H> otoIKhy t2 ot-oIKhy ot-o-IKhy
Table 22 Root-combinations for the O-versions (of “Ich”, “Iph” and “Ith”)
Other variants of the Q-, R-, S- and T-words
The following variants of the root-combinations Ith, IKh, Iph, Ifh may be interpreted as
combinations of the A-words, Qo-, Ra-variants, Sh-variants and T-variants.
raIThy and saIThy. These words are found in normal text, in which no evidence for an interpretation
may be found.
Key EVA-Text variants variants Pentagram

4 8 <f89r1.P2.11;H> qoaIKhy P2 qo-aIKhy qo-a-IKhy
5 3 <f93v.P.6;H> qochoIThy qoch-oIThy qo-cho-IThy
6 26 <f115v.P.17;H> raIThy ra-IThy r-a-IThy RAIThY
Table 23 Other variants of the Q-, R-, S- and T-words
Key EVA-Text variants variants Pentagram

6 18 <f108r.P.16;H> saIThy sa-IThy s-a-IThy SAIThY
6 6 <f103v.P.21;H> ShaIKhhy Sha-IKhhy Sh-a-IKhhy
6 5 <f103v.P.20;H> ShaIKhy Sha-IKhy Sh-a-IKhy
4 1 <f86v6.P.17;H> ShoIFhy Sho-IFhy Sh-o-IFhy
6 14 <f107r.P.22;H> ShoIKhy Sho-IKhy Sh-o-IKhy
4 5 <f88r.P2.9;H> ShoIKhy P2 Sho-IKhy Sh-o-IKhy
3 3 <f79r.P.11;H> ShoIKhy Sho-IKhy Sh-o-IKhy
4 6 <f88v.P2.15;H> ShoIKhy P2 Sho-IKhy Sh-o-IKhy
doIKhy do-IKhy d-o-IKhy
Key EVA-Text variants variants

4 2 <f86v6.P.22;H> taIKhy ta-IKhy t-a-IKhy

Three capital letter-combinations in the EVA-formulas
I found the three capitalized letter-combinations in the EVA-formulas are Sh-o-IFhy, Sh-*-IKhy and
cPh-*-IThy. These words are found in normal text, in which no evidence for an interpretation may
be found.
Key EVA-Text variants variants 3-capitalized letter-
words
f86v6.P.17;H ShoIFhy Sho-IFhy Sh-o-IFhy Sh-o-IFhy
f45r .P.1;H ShaIKhy Sha-IKhy Sh-a-IKhy
f58v .P2.29;H SheoIKhy P2 Sheo-IKhy Sh-eo-IKhy
f79r .P.11;H ShoIKhy Sho-IKhy Sh-o-IKhy
f88r .P2.9;H ShoIKhy P2 Sho-IKhy Sh-o-IKhy Sh-*-IKhy
f103v .P.20;H ShaIKhy Sha-IKhy Sh-a-IKhy

f103v .P.21;H ShaIKhhy Sha-IKhhy Sh-a-IKhhy
f107r .P.22;H ShoIKhy Sho-IKhy Sh-o-IKhy
f90v2 .P.1;H cPhdaIThy cPhda-IThy cPh-da-IThy
cPh-**-IThy
f113r .P.20;H cPhoIThy cPho-IThy cPh-o-IThy
Table 26 Three capital letter-combinations in the EVA-formulas
IF-combinations (ShoIFhy)
<f86v6.P.17;H> par.or.aiin.dar.aiiin.qcKhear.ShoIFhy.qotedy.opchdy.olai!
n.ar.alkar.am-
IK-combinations (Sh*IKhy)
<f45r.P.1;H> pykydal.ShaIKhy.oty.Shey.qop.char.opchal.ypchar.ofchar-
<f58v.P2.29;H> daiin.SheoIKhy.ykey.Sheky.qokal.qokeey.okain.okar.ol.dam-
<f79r.P.11;H> ShoIKhy.chedy.tShey.dShdy.otchar.Shek.chcThy.otal.ory-
<f88r.P2.9;H> teol.chor.olSheody.qokeol.ShoIKhy.ol.Sheeol.Sheol.dg-
<f88v.P2.15;H> daiin.Sheor.Sheedy.daiin.ShoIKhy.qokeody.doIKhy.dair-
<f103v.P.20;H> pol.char.otar.okai!n.ShaIKhy.oteal.okai
<f103v.P.21;H> tokai!n.Shal.qokeed.oteedy.Sheoky.ShaIKhhy.tar.teor.otam.oll-
<f107r.P.22;H>
ykSheol.okaiiin.ShoIKhy.daiin.qotalal.lShedy.qokal.r.aiiin.okair.lldy-
IP-combinations
No entries.
IT-combinations (cPh*IThy)
<f90v2.P.1;H> cPhdaIThy.qocFhey.opol.raiin.ofchedol.rs-
Shese.Shodaiin.Sheos-
<f113r.P.20;H> kSho!raiin.qokeeo.ar.Shoteol.lklcheol.qokar.chdai!
n.cPhoIThy.chor.aiin.cKhydy-
The 4 Signatures at the first page (?)
The page layout suggests four quotes with attributions, or signed endorsements.
In the first page 4 paragraphs may have been signed with the individual signatures:
<f1r.T1.6;H> ydar!aiSh!!!y= ydaraishy=

<f1r.T2.10;H> dain.os.teody= dain. os. teody=
<f1r.T3.21;H> otol.daiiin= otol. daiiin=
<f1r.T4.28;H> dchaiin= dchaiin=
Table 27 Signatures of the first page
The fourth signature may be extended by an “S” with a (deteriorated) “curled symbol” at the end of
the last line.
Fig. 14 The fourth signature dchaiin may be found at the end of the first page f1r
The 4 paragraphs and signatures at the first page
Paragraph 1
<f1r.P1.1;H> fachys.ykal.ar.ataiin.Shol.Shory.cTh!res.y.kor.Sholdy!-
<f1r.P1.2;H> sory.cKhar.o!r.y.kair.chtaiin.Shar.are.cThar.cThar.dan!-
<f1r.P1.3;H> syaiir.Sheky.or.ykaiin.Shod.cThoary.cThes.daraiin.sa-
<f1r.P1.4;H> ooiin.oteey.oteos.roloty.cTh*ar.daiin.otaiin.or.okan-
<f1r.P1.5;H> dair.y.chear.cThaiin.cPhar.cFhaiin=
<f1r.T1.6;H> ydar!aiSh!!!y=
Shol.Shory.cTh!res
Sholdy!sory.cKhar
Shar
cThar.cThar.
Sheky
Shod.cThoary.cThes
cTh*ar
cThaiin.cPhar.cFhaiin
ydar!aiSh!!!y
Paragraph 2 – The Sh-Section

<f1r.P2.7;H> *.odar.o.!!!!y.Shol.cPhoy.oydar.Sh!.s.cFhoaiin.Shodary-
<f1r.P2.8;H> yShey.Shody.okcho!y.otchol.chocThy.os!chy.dain.chor.kos-
<f1r.P2.9;H> daiin.Shos.cFhol.Shody=
<f1r.T2.10;H> dain.os.teody=
Shol.cPhoy
Sh!.s.cFhoaiin.Shodary-yShey.Shody
chocThy
Shos.cFhol.Shody
Paragraph 3- The Ph-section
<f1r.P3.11;H> *.ydain.cPhesaiin.ol.s.cPhey.ytain.ShoShy.cPhodal!es-
<f1r.P3.12;H> okSho.kShoy.otairin.oteol.okan.Shodain.scKhey.daiin-
<f1r.P3.13;H> Shoy.cKhey.kodaiin.cPhy.cPhodaiils.cThey.She.oldain.d!-
<f1r.P3.14;H> dain.oiin.chol.odaiin.chodain.chdy.okain.dan.cThy.kod!-
<f1r.P3.15;H> daiin.ShcKhey.ckeor.chor.Shey.kol.chol.chol.kor.chal-
<f1r.P3.16;H> Sho.chol.Sh!odan.kShy.kchy.dor.chodaiin.Sho.kchom-
<f1r.P3.17;H> ycho.tchey.chokain.Sheo.pShol.dydyd.cThy.daicThy-
<f1r.P3.18;H> yto.Shol.She.kodShey.cPhealy.das!ain.dain.cKhyds-
<f1r.P3.19;H> dchar.ShcThaiin.okaiir.chey.rchy.!potol.cThols.dlocta-
<f1r.P3.20;H> Shok.chor.chey.dain.cKhey=
<f1r.T3.21;H> otol.daiin=
cPhesaiin.ol.s.cPhey
ShoShy.cPhodal!es-okSho.kShoy
es-okSho.kShoy
Shodain.scKhey
Shoy.cKhey
cPhy.cPhodaiils.cThey.She
cThy
ShcKhey
Shey
Sho
Sh!odan.kShy
Sheo.pShol
cThy.daicThy-yto.Shol.She.kodShey.cPhealy
cKhyds-dchar.ShcThaiin.
cThols
Shok
cKhey
Paragraph 4
<f1r.P4.22;H> cPho.Shaiin.Shokcheey.chol.tShodeesy.Shey.pydeey.chy.ro.d*-
<f1r.P4.23;H> *doin.chol.dain.cThal.dar.Shear.kaiin.dar.Shey.cTh!ar!!!-
<f1r.P4.24;H> !cho*!o.kaiin.Shoaiin.okol.daiin.far.cThol.daiin.cTholdar-
<f1r.P4.25;H> ycheey.oka!y.oky.daiin.okchey.k!okaiin.**chol.k**chy.dal-
<f1r.P4.26;H> d*eeo.Shody.koShey.cThy.ok!chey.keey.keey.dal.chtor-
<f1r.P4.27;H> !*eo!.chol.chok.choty.chotey=
<f1r.T4.28;H> dchaiin=
cPho.Shaiin.Shokcheey
tShodeesy.Shey
cThal.dar.Shear
Shey.cTh!ar!!!-!cho*!o
Shoaiin
cThol cTholdar-ycheey
Shody.koShey.cThy
The labels in cosmological and astronomical pages
The labels in cosmological and astronomical pages may be helpful in decoding formulas:
Single
word
Cosmological <f57v.T.1;H> dairol= dairol "The 4 times 17 sequence"
Astronomical f67r1
Cosmological f67r2 "The seven planets"
Cosmological f67v2 "Four constellations with faces"
Astronomical f67v1 "Happy sun"
Cosmological f68v3 "Spiral Nebula"
Cosmological f69r
Cosmological f69v
Cosmological f70r1
Cosmological f70r2
Zodiac f70v2 "Pisces"
Zodiac f70v1 "Aries dark"
Table 28 The labels of cosmological and astronomical pages
The 4 numbered lists

<f57v.Y.1;H> oralaror=
<f57v.Y.2;H> okchoy=
<f57v.Y.3;H> ocfhor. okear=
<f57v.Y.4;H> ackaldy=
<f57v.X.1;H> olkchdal=
<f57v.X.2;H> oparairdly=
<f57v.X.3;H> otardaly=
<f57v.X.4;H> otodarod=
The 12 numbered lists
<f67r1.S.1;H> otaldy=
<f67r1.S.2;H> otoky=
<f67r1.S.3;H> seeoar=
<f67r1.S.4;H> ykas. asa=
<f67r1.S.5;H> sosaiir=
<f67r1.S.6;H> oteey. dar=
<f67r1.S.7;H> yto. daiir=
<f67r1.S.8;H> sheosam=
<f67r1.S.9;H> ykeeody=
<f67r1.S.10;H> okeol. sal=
<f67r1.S.11;H> okeey. sar=
<f67r1.S.12;H> dalary=
"The seven planets"
<f67r2.L.2;H> dylchsody=
<f67r2.L.4;H> okal=
<f67r2.L.6;H> okain. am=
<f67r2.L.7;H> opcholdy=
<f67r2.L.8;H> dfar. oeoldan=
<f67r2.L.9;H> ytoaiin=
<f67r2.L.12;H> yfain=
<f67r2.X.1;H> okadar=
<f67r2.X.2;H> qotoear=
<f67r2.X.3;H> dchodar=
<f67r2.X.4;H> ysaldal=
<f67r2.X.5;H> ytodal=
<f67r2.X.6;H> tol. daiin=
<f67r2.X.7;H> otardy=
<f67r2.X.8;H> chodalg=
<f67r2.X.9;H> ytchodyy=
<f67r2.X.10;H> octhys=
<f67r2.X.11;H> ytokar=
<f67r2.X.12;H> otolor=
<f67v2.F.1;H> otararain=
<f67v2.F.2;H> okchosam=
"Four constellations with faces"
<f67v2.S.1;H> soaiin- {plant}dalam=
<f67v2.S.2;H> sory- {plant}okoral=
<f67v1.X.1;H> dch*sykchy=
<f67v1.X.4;H> ykeodar=
<f67v1.X.5;H> dechoekol=
<f67v1.X.6;H> ockhosam=
<f67v1.X.7;H> kochardy=
<f67v1.X.8;H> ochodare=
<f67v1.X.9;H> ols. aiiny=
<f67v1.X.13;H> damamm=
<f67v1.X.14;H> dairkal=
<f67v1.X.15;H> okal. ary=
<f67v1.X.16;H> dor. echkolal=
<f67v1.X.17;H> okolaldy=
Six labels on sectors inside star
<f70r1.X.1;H> okeody=
<f70r1.X.2;H> otody=
<f70r1.X.3;H> ypolol=
<f70r1.X.4;H> chodal=
<f70r1.X.5;H> okosd=
<f70r1.X.6;H> ykeal=
Statistics
The 19 labels for the 19 Golden numbers (?)
On another line, many of the days were marked with one of 19 symbols representing the
19 Golden numbers, for the years of the Metonic cycle. In early calendars, each of the
19 years in the cycle was represented by a rune; the first 16 were the 16 runes of the
Younger Futhark, plus three special runes improvised for the remaining three years.
The Metonic cycle has been implemented in the Antikythera mechanism which offers
unexpected evidence for the popularity of the calendar based on it.[6]
Golden numbers refer to the position of the moon compared to that of the sun. The four-
week moon-cycle does no run exactly the same as the sun’s year cycle. It takes 19 years
for the moon to be on the same positions, meaning, every 19 years, the full moons are
on the same days. If this is the case, a year has the golden number 1, the next year, 2,
etc. and there are 19 golden numbers. The Udval calendar makes a perfect example. The
symbols in the bottom line are nothing more than numbers: 46
The following 19 labels are interpreted as numbers 1, 2, 3... 19, to be used as the 19 golden
numbers, which are used in astrology:
Key number core
<f70v2.S2.1;H> oty= o t y 1 oty I
<f70v2.S2.2;H> oky. ody= o k y . o d y 2 oky.ody .ody II
<f70v2.S2.3;H> oty. or= o t y . o r 3 oty.or .or III
<f70v2.S2.4;H> okaly= o k a l y 4 okaly ly IV II x 2
<f70v2.S2.5;H> otody= o t o d y 5 otody dy V
<f70v2.S2.6;H> otald= o t a l d 6 otald ld VI V+I
<f70v2.S2.7;H> otal. dar= o t a l . d a r 7 otal.dar .dar VII V + II
<f70v2.S2.8;H> okody= o k o d y 8 okody dy IIX IV x 2
<f70v2.S2.9;H> opys. am= o p y s . a m 9 opys.am .am IX
<f70v2.S2.10;H> chckhhy= c h c k h h y 10 chckhhy X
<f70v2.S2.11;H> otaly= o t a l y 11 otaly y XI
<f70v2.S2.12;H> otal. rar= o t a l . r a 12 otal.rar rar XII
<f70v2.S2.13;H> otal. dy= o t a l . d y 13 otal.dy dy XIII
<f70v2.S2.14;H> okeoly= o k e o l y 14 okeoly ly XIV
<f70v2.S2.15;H> okydy= o k y d y 15 okydy dy XV
<f70v2.S2.16;H> okees= o k e e s 16 okees es XVI
<f70v2.S2.17;H> otalalg= o t a l a l g 17 otalalg lalg XVII
<f70v2.S2.18;H> okasy= o k a s y 18 okasy sy XIIX
<f70v2.S2.19;H> otar{fold}= o t a r 19 otar r XIX
Table 29 The 19 Golden numbers, for the years of the Metonic cycle (??).
46 An excellent article on rune calendars, with illustrations from http://www.gangleri.nl/

The labels in the Zodiacal page titled "Pisces"
The following labels nay represent the “Central” Star (Sun)
• <f70v2.C.1;C> otral=
• <f70v2.C.1;H> otylal=
The first label otaral also may correlate to the label otral:
Month
<f70v2.S1.1;H> otaral= otar march
<f70v2.S1.2;H> otalar= otal april
<f70v2.S1.3;H> otalam= otal may
<f70v2.S1.4;H> dolaram= dola june
<f70v2.S1.5;H> okaram= okar july
<f70v2.S1.6;H> oteosal= oteo august
<f70v2.S1.7;H> salols= salo september
<f70v2.S1.8;H> okaldal= okal october
<f70v2.S1.9;H> ykolaiin= ykol november
<f70v2.S1.10;H> sar. am= sar december
Table 30: The labels in the Zodiacal page titled "Pisces"
The labels in the Zodiacal page titled "Aries dark"

Some of the following labels may be shared with other Zodiacal pages. These names seem to be
based on a common fundamental rule:
<f70v1.S2.1;H> otalchy. tar. am. dy=
<f70v1.S2.2;H> opchey. sal=
<f70v1.S2.3;H> otokaiman=
<f70v1.S2.4;H> okalal=
<f70v1.S2.5;H> otyly=
<f70v1.S2.6;H> oalcheg=
<f70v1.S2.7;H> otchodals=
<f70v1.S2.8;H> okolshy=
<f70v1.S2.9;H> otshshdy=
<f70v1.S2.10;H> otol. ypsharal=
<f70v1.S1.1;H> okoly=
<f70v1.S1.2;H> otolaiin=
<f70v1.S1.3;H> oteo. alols. asaly=
<f70v1.S1.4;H> oteoeey. otal. okeal. ar=
<f70v1.S1.5;H> oteas. araydy=
Table 31 The labels in the Zodiacal page titled "Aries dark"

Summary
In order to analyze the MS408 (Voynich manuscript) I studied the Voynich information browser
(Version 0.4) and the Voynich site of René Zandbergen.
In its concept the Voynich manuscript may be interpreted as a professional herbal book in the class
of a scientific or medical work from the middle ages. The contents may have been protected by
secret writing and probably inserting trivial misleading text and additional illustrations.
The image of a star cluster (in page f68r3) may be interpreted as the Pleiades, which are symbolized
as the 7 female deities, who are ruling the annual supply of the fertilizing rain water. In the Voynich
manuscript the number of female deities exceeds the number 7 and may be extended to the extra
stars (Atlas, Pleiona, the Hyades, Orion, Perseus and Cassiopeia) shown in the area of the The Tal-
Qadi Sky Tablet. The complex astronomical mechanism is known as The Golden Gate of the
Ecliptic.
This essay concentrates on the role of the Atlantides, who ruled the annual rain supplies and
optionally their sky god, which may be helpful to transcribe the texts. The strategy concentrates on
the capital letter-combinations in the text of the Voynich manuscript.
In the Voynich manuscript the zodiac does not start with Aries, but with Pisces (f70v2), which is
very unusual. This probably is a reference to the beginning of the Roman year. In the Legendary
10 month calendar (later devoted to Romulus) the Roman months January and February did not
exist. Its 304 days made up exactly 38 nundinal cycles. The system is usually said to have left the
remaining 50 odd days of the year as an unorganized "winter".
In the Voynich manuscript two zodiacal signs, Aries (f71r, April ?47) and Taurus (f71v48 and f72r149,
“May”) are both represented in two illustrations with 15 resp. 16 nymphs each, which represent the
number of the “Atlantic” nymphs (Hyades & Pleiades) and their parents (Atlas & Pleione) and the
“hunter” (Orion). The number 15, resp. 16 may deviate from the regularly visual number of stars in
the Hyades and Pleiades clusters. Especially the expanding clusters in the Golden Gate of the
Ecliptic may seem to lose one or two stars.
Especially the sky table of Tal-Qadi fitted into the triangle Hyades, Pleiades and Omikron Tauri. In
the Voynich manuscript the number of stars in the Hyades (6) and Pleiades (9) may be correlating
with the zodiacal signs Aries (f71r, April) and Taurus (f71v and f72r1), in which the nymphs are
distributed in analogy to their clothing (dressed, naked or in barrels) and the stars or flower in their
hands. In April all 15 nymphs were dressed and in the later month May all 16 nymphs were naked.
This symbolism suggests the undressing of the nymphs may symbolize the raining phase.
Obviously the nymphs are used as the symbolic switches to control the rain in the European months
April and May. In the months April and May the number of nymphs are reduced from 29/30 to
15/16. From the May the nymphs' activity of the zodiac rings seems to be stabilized until the next
raining season.
In the first episodes (f71r and f71v, light May and light April) the number of nymphs is 15. In the
last episode (dark May) the number of nymphs is 16, including one hiding nymph. These are the
months of the fertile, rainy season.
Of course I invested some time to translate some of the nymphs' names, but the variety of the names
in different languages is too impressive. Also the role of the additional versions of the letters (the
capital letters in EVA) could not be helpful in solving the encoding-system of the Voynich-
manuscript.

Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
The archaic interpretation of the ocean, the world, planets, stars & nymphs..................................2
The nymphs in the Voynich manuscript...........................................................................................3
The Hyades......................................................................................................................................3
The Pleiades.....................................................................................................................................3
The role of the Hyades and Pleiades as "April Rainers"......................................................................4
The Pleiades.....................................................................................................................................4
The Hyades......................................................................................................................................4
The names of the months in the zodiacal pages...............................................................................5
The fertility control........................................................................................................................10
The colored dresses in May...........................................................................................................13
The Transit from Astronomy towards Biology...................................................................................17
The symbolism of the colors green and blue.................................................................................17
The number of star-specifications......................................................................................................18
The color green as the mixture of blue and yellow............................................................................19
The rainbows......................................................................................................................................20
The rainbows in the top segment in page f82v .............................................................................20
The rainbows in the bottom segment in page f82v .......................................................................20
The EVA-word “oto” (“water”)..........................................................................................................22
The names in the texts of the Voynich maniscript..............................................................................25
The EVA-formulas for the (7) nymphs..........................................................................................25
Letter-Statistics in the texts of the Voynich manuscript.....................................................................30
The EVA (European Voynich Alphabet)........................................................................................30
The pentagrams..............................................................................................................................31
Analysis of roots in the text of the Voynich's manuscript..................................................................32
Overview........................................................................................................................................32
The Herbal Section (f. 1r–66v).....................................................................................................32
Astronomic Section (f. 67r–73v)...................................................................................................33
Anatomic Section (f. 75r–84v)......................................................................................................34
Cosmological Section (f. 85r–86v)...............................................................................................34
Pharmaceutic section (f. 87r–102v)...............................................................................................35
Receipts and Keys (f. 103r–116v).................................................................................................36
Two capital letter-combinations in the EVA-formulas ......................................................................37
The Root-combinations..................................................................................................................37
The Root-combinations for A-words (“ighty”, “ikely”)................................................................38
The Root-combinations for the ch-words (“choIKe”, “cheIK”)....................................................39
The Root-combinations for the d-words (“deITy”).......................................................................39
The Root-combinations for the I-words (“IK” and “IT”)..............................................................40
Other variants of the Q-, R-, S- and T-words.................................................................................41
Three capital letter-combinations in the EVA-formulas.....................................................................42
IF-combinations (ShoIFhy)............................................................................................................42
IK-combinations (Sh*IKhy)..........................................................................................................42
IP-combinations ............................................................................................................................42
IT-combinations (cPh*IThy)..........................................................................................................42
The 4 Signatures at the first page (?)..................................................................................................43
The 4 paragraphs and signatures at the first page..........................................................................44
The labels in cosmological and astronomical pages...........................................................................47
The 4 numbered lists......................................................................................................................47
The 12 numbered lists....................................................................................................................48
"Four constellations with faces"....................................................................................................50
Six labels on sectors inside star.....................................................................................................50
Statistics.........................................................................................................................................51
The 19 labels for the 19 Golden numbers (?)................................................................................53
The labels in the Zodiacal page titled "Pisces"..............................................................................54
The labels in the Zodiacal page titled "Aries dark" ......................................................................54
Summary.............................................................................................................................................55

Voynich (1) : The Roots of The Voynich-Manuscript

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Voynich (1) : The Roots of The Voynich-Manuscript

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The Roots of the

Fig. 1 Possible assignment of the brightest celestial objects

7 eldest[5] of the seven Pleiades, was mother of Hermes by Zeus.

Table 1: Zodiacal pages' segment in the Voynich manuscript

The visibility of the Pleiades and the Hyades

The visibility of the Hyades

The visibility of Orion

The Tal-Qadi Sky Tablet

22 Golden Gate of the Ecliptic

The sky table of Tal-Qadi

File:Himmelstafel.Tal-Qadi.eingepasst.png created by Bautsch - Own work - license: CC0

25 non-voynich word "ab*i*l".

2b f71r Aries L. Apr. 15 5 4 1 5 10 10 - 10 -

6 f72v3 Leo Aug. 30 12 - 12 - 18 - 18 - -

7 f72v2 Virgo Sept. 30 12 - 12 - 18 - 18 - -

8 f72v1 Libra Oct. 30 10 - 10 - 20 - 20 - -

9 f73r Scorp. Nov. 30 10 - 10 - 16 - 16 - 4

10 f73v Sagit. Dec. 30 10 - 10 - 16 - 16 - 4

Phase 1 – March (29 naked; 29 in barrels)

Phase 2a - Dark April (6 naked nymphs; 9 dressed; 15 in barrels)

Phase 3a - light May (3 naked nymphs; 12 dressed; 15 in barrels)

Phase 3b - dark May (16 naked nymphs; 5 in barrels; 1 hiding)

Fig. 4 Dressed with a black colored mirror in f72r1

Fig. 5: Lady with a “mirror” and a 5-letter EVA-word (“ceeey” ?) in f72r1

Fig. 6 Horizontally mirrored (EVA and Latin) alphabets

Interpretation of the secret word & mirror

Fig. 7 The hole in f50r (andf50v ) suggests the usage of a “window”

32 See the chronology in The Voynich Manuscript (2016).

Interpretation of the colored dressed nymphs

2b f71r Aries L. Apr. 15 5 4 1 5 10 10 - 10 -

33 At page f72r1 in the Voynich information browser (Version 0.4)

Roman EVA Zodiac Month Nymphs dressed naked barrels Outs

The symbolism of the colors green and blue

Page Lines stars Lines / star

Fig. 8 The color green as the mixture of blue and yellow

The rainbows in the top segment in page f82v

1. <f82v.L1.1;H> otechdy= 3. <f82v.L1.3;H> daiin. oty=

The rainbows in the bottom segment in page f82v

35 Translations of Takeshi Takahashi

1. <f82v.L3.7;H> okain= 4. <f82v.L3.10;H> okedor= 7. <f82v.L3.13;H> okol=

The statistics of otedol

The statistics of otedal

36 Translations of Takeshi Takahashi

Statistics for the word OTO

The EVA-formulas for the (7) nymphs

Comparison of a few nymphs

37 EVA → (European Voynich Alphabet)

EVA- Topic Greek Celts Persians Arabs

The derivation of the labels

One star in f68r3

Sector 04:00, three stars

Sector 07:00, four stars

Inner ring of text, around the moon

The EVA (European Voynich Alphabet)

Statistics of the capital letters in the Voynich manuscript

Abb. 12 EVA (European Voynich Alphabet).

additional variants (& combinations) Counted letters / combinations in the manuscript

42 I only activated the option: automatically capitalized EVA

The Herbal Section (f. 1r–66v)

Table 9 The Herbal Section (Kräuterkundliche Sektion) (f. 1r–66v)

The label at the "Central star" in f70v2 is interpreted as “otral=” or “otylal=” or

Key EVA-Text Comments

Table 10 Astronomic Section (Astronomische Sektion) (f. 67r–73v)

25 non-voynich word "abil".

47 non-voynich word "abil".