Q.1 Give the scientific name of the plant that flowers once in twelve years. Q.

2 Why are Date palm plants referred to as dioceous? Q.3 What is the relationship between the number of chromosomes in meiocytes and gametes ? Q.4 Why are male gametes produced in thousands while female gametes are few ? Q.5 Define parthenogenesis. Q.6 Name the type of life-cycle in which the zygote undergoes : (i) mitosis and (ii) meiosis, respectively. Q.7 Differentiate between a zoospore and a zygote. Q.8 Higher organisms have resorted to sexual reproduction in spite of its complexity. Why? Q.9 What is the mode of asexual reproduction in : (i) Yeast, (ii) Amoeba, (iii) Hydra and (iv) Sponges. Q.10 Differentiate between oestrous cycle and menstrual cycle. Q.11 What do the following parts of a flower develop into, after fertilisation ? (i) Ovary (ii) Zygote (iii) Ovary wall (iv) Ovules Q.12 Identify each part in a flowering plant and write whether it is haploid (n) or diploid (2n): (a) Ovary (b) Anther (c) Egg (d) Pollen (e) Male gamete (f) Zygote. Q.13 Draw the diagram of a gemmule of a sponge and label four parts. Q.14 (i) What are the three clear-cut phases in the life of annual and biennial type of plants? (ii) Why is it difficult to define these phases in perennial species of plants? Q.15 Define (a) Juvenile phase, (b) Reproductive phase, (c) Senescent phase. Q.16 Define life span of an organism. Mention the life span of : (i) Crocodile (ii) crow (iii) parrot and (iv) butterfly. Q.17 Show only by diagrams, the binary fission in Amoeba. Q.18 Draw a labeled diagram of conidia of Penicilium. Q.19 What are vegetative propagules ? Name any four of them along with an example for each. Q.20 Name the three phases in sexual reproduction of an organism and mention what major events occur in each of them? Q.21 (i) Name two animals showing external fertilization. Why are more gametes produced by such animals? (II) Name two animals showing internal fertilization. What are the characteristics of the gametes produced by such animals?

Q.1 During fertilization, hundreds of sperm cells are in the vicinity of an egg cell. But only one sperm enters the ovum. How is this achieved? Q.2 How many eggs do you flunk were released by the ovary of a female dog, which gave birth to six puppies? Q.3 What is ejaculatory duct? Q.4 Name the cells formed after meiosis I of the primary oocyte. Q.5 Define foetal ejection reflex. Q.6 How is the milk production by hormones in human female ? Explain. Q.7 What is pregnancy hormone ? Why is it so called ? Name two sources of this hormone in a human female. Q.8 Who discovered Sertoli cells? Mention their role in spermatogenesis. Q.9 Draw a labelled diagram of a part of the transverse section through seminiferous tubule of human testis showing the various stages of spermatogenesis. Q.10 Describe the external genitalia of a human male. Q.11 How many sperms are (approximately) present in an ejaculate of human males ? What proportion of them should have normal size and shape and what proportion should have vigorous motility for normal fertility? Q.12 Differentiate between morula and blastula of mammals. Q.13 Bring out the differences between secondary and tertiary follicles. Q.14 Describe the events that take place in the reproductive organs of a human female during luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Q.15 Define parturition. Where do the signals for it originate from? Q.16 A sperm has just fertilized a human egg in the fallopian tube. Trace the events mat the fertilized egg will undergo upto the implantations of the blastocyst in the uterus. Q.17 Name the hormones involved in the regulation of spermatogenesis. Q.18 Draw a labeled diagram of a sperm. Q.19 Represent schematically the process of spermatogenesis indicating the number of chromosomes in the cell at various stages. Q.20 Draw a flow-chart showing hormonal control of human female reproductive system. Highlight the positive and negative feedback mechanism in it. Q.21 Represent diagrammatically the process of oogenesis in a human female, indicating the 'number of chromosomes at various stages. Q.22 Explain the role of the following hormones proteins with reference to hormonal control of human male reproductive system. (i) GnRH, (ii) LH (iii) FSH, (iv) Inhibin (v) Testosterone

Q.23 Write the functions of the following : (i) Corpus luteum (II) Endometrium (iii) Acrosome (iv) Sperm tail (v) Fimbriae Q.24 What is spermatogenesis ? Briefly describe the process of spermatogenesis.

Q.1 Expand MMR and IMR. Q.2 What is the growth rate of Indian population according to 2001 census report? Q.3 Mention the principle of natural methods of birth control. Q.4 What do the oral contraceptive pills contain ? What is principal of their action? Q.5 Is the use of contraceptives justified? Give reasons. Q.6 Removal of gonads cannot be considered as contraceptive options. Why? Q.7 What is Saheli? Where has it been developed? Q.8 Mention any four characteristics that an ideal contraceptive should have. Q.9 Describe the technique by which genetic disorder in a developing foetus can be detected. Why it has been banned? Q.10 What are Assisted between ZIFT and GIFT. Reproductive Technologies. Difference

Q.11 Why are MTPs carried out ?What is the suitable time for it? Q.12 Name the age group where STDs are reported to be very high, Mention three practices to avoid them. Q.13 Write short-notes on oral contraceptives. Q.14 Rpresent diagrammatically tubectomy in the diagram of female reproductive system.

Q.15 Write the scientific names of the causative agent of the following: (i) Syphilis, (II) Gonorrhoea, Q.16 Enumerate the complications that untreated STDs can lead to. Q. 17 What are IUDs? Name 3 different types of IUDs with example. Give principle behind working of IUDs. Q.18 What is the artificial insemination? In which case is it done?

Q.1 If a double stranded DNA has 20 per cent of cytosine, calculate the percentage of adenine in the DNA. Q.2 Define the term induction in context of gene expression. Q.3 What do you call the kind of mutation in which a single base is added to a base-strand ? Q.4 How are the consecutive nucleotides linked togetber in a polynucleotide strands ? Q.5 Write the scientific name of the plant on which Taylor et al performed their experiments. Q.6 Mention the dual functions of AUG. Q.7 What is meant by unambiguous code ? Q.8 Why is genetic code said to be degenerate? Q.9 AUGGACCUGAUAUUUUGA is the base sequence in a strand of mRNA, (i) Write the base sequence of the DNA strand from which it has been transcribed. (ii) Upon translation, how many amino acids will the resulting peptide have ? Q.10 Differentiate between repetitive DNA and satellite DNA. Q.11 Mention the number of base pairs in the DNA of each of the following : (1) 174 phage (ii) Lambda phage (iii) Escherichia coli (iv) Human being. Q.12 Difftifferentiate between euchromatin and heterochromatin. Q.13 Why is it that transcription and translation can be coupled in prokaryotic cells but not in eukaryotic cells ? Q.14 What are UTRs? Where are they located ? Q.15 Explain VNTR as the basis of DNA-fingerprinting. Q.16 A tRNA is charged with the amino acid phenylalanine. (i) At what end of the tRNA is the amino acid attached ? (ii) What is the mRNA codon that codes for phenyl alanine ? (iii) Name the enzyme responsible for this attachment.

Q.17 The base sequence of one strand of DNA is TAG TAG GAT. (i) Give the base sequence of its complementary strand. (ii) What is the distance maintained between the two consecutive pairs of bases in theDNA molecule ? (iii) Who contributed the base complementarity rule ? Q.18 How is a nucleosome formed ? Draw the diagram of a nucleosome. Q.19 Name the three major components of a 'transcription unit and mention their functions. Q.20 Describe the process of DNA replication. Difference between continuous and discontinuous synthesis. Q.21 Explain the steps involved in a polypeptide synthesis. How are the amino acids activated during polypeptide synthesis ? Q.22 What does lac operon consist of ? How is the operator switch turned on and off in the expression of genes in this operon ? Explain. Q.23 Describe briefly the experiment performed by Meselson-acid stalh to show that DNA replication is semi-conservative. Q.24 Define bacterial transformation. Who demonstrated it experimentally and how? Q.25 What is a genetic code ? Name the scientists and their contribution in deciphering the genetic code.

Q.1 What is 'fitness' according to Darwin ? Q.2 Name the period in the geological history when lycopods flourished. Q.3 Name die type of fish that was caught in South America in 1938, that is considered as ancestor of modem amphibians. Q.4 What was Lamarck's theory of evolution ? Explain the theory by quoting an example. Q.5 Evolution is not a directed process but a stochoactive process, based on chance event(s). Justify. Q.6 Bring out die differences between de Vries' mutations and Darwinian variations. Q.7 How does industrial melanism in Biston betularla illustrate the action of natural selection ? Explain briefly.

Q.8 Any pesticide manufactured is effective only for a limited period. Explain how natural selection plays a role in mis with a suitable example. Q.9 Explain antibiotic resistance observed in bacteria in light of Darwinian selection theory. Q.10 Try to trace the various components of human evolution. Q.11 Describe Miller and Urey experiment, along with the products obtained. What is the significance of this experiment ? Q.12 Describe one example of adaptive radiation. Define adaptive radation. Q.13 Mention the names of six groups of plants for which Psilophyton is the ancestor. Q.14 (i) When and where did Neanderthal man live? (ii) What was his brain capacity ? (iii) Mention the advancements he showed over Hamo erectus. Q.15 Show that Darwins's natural selection is based on factual observation, with an example for each. Q.16 Difference between convergent and divergent evolution.

Q.1 What is 'ori'? Q.2 Name two commonly used vectors for genetic engineering. Q.3 Do eukaryotic cells have restriction endonucleases ? Justify your answer. Q.4 What is a recombinant protein ?

Q.5 From what you have learnt, can you tell! Whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size ? How did you know? Explain briefly chitinase. Q.6 How are the DNAs separated in the gel electrophoresis later observed ? Q.7 Represent diagrammatically the E.coli cloning vector PBR322. Q.8 Describe the importance of cloning site in a vector, with an example. Q.9 How is DNA isolated from prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells ? Q.10 Write a short note on GEAC. Q.11 Why is Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation described as natural genetic engineering in plants ? Q.12 Why ate cloning vectors necessary in cloning ? Name any two such vectors that are used in experiments with Escherichia coli. Q.13 What is genetic engineering ? list the steps involved in rDNA technology. Q.14 How does a restriction enzyme function ? Show it along with a diagrammatic representation of an example. Q.15 Enumerate the steps in the construction of recombinant DNA. Q.16 Represent only by diagrams the steps in die construction of recombinant DNA.
Q.17 Describe the two techniques that enabled the birth of modern biotechnology. Q.18 Bring out the disadvantages in conventional hybridisation as compared to rDNA technology. Q.19Who was the first to construct rDNA ? Name the bacterium from which they isolated the genes. Q.20 What are the functions of the enzymes isolated by Stewart Linn and Werner Arber ? Q.21 What is microinjection ?
Q.22 Define gene gun. Q.23 Name the enzyme used to digest cell wall of (i) bacteria and (ii) fungi respectively, for gene

Q.1 Name two diseases that spread by droplet infection. Q.2 Name the two limbs of acquired immunity. Q.3 Why is the antibody-mediated immunity called humoral immunity ? Q.4 Which kind of cells are responsible for rejecting organ transplants ? Q.5 Why is mother's milk considered essential for new born infants, apart from nutrition ? Q.6 Name the organisms where antigenic polypeptides are produced by recombinant DNA technology. Q.7 Define adolescence. Q.8 How is oxygen deficiency caused in the body by consuming tobacco ? Q.9 Why does blood pressure or heart rate increase by tobacco consumption ? Q.10 What is addiction with reference to drugs? Q.11 What is heroin chemically ? Q.12 Write the formula of cannabinoid molecules. Q.13 Give the scientific name of the plant from where cacaine is obtained. Q.14 Name the chemicals and their source cells which cause allergic response in our body.
Q.15 What is a vaccine ? Give an example of a vaccine produced by recombinant DNA technology. Name the diseases against which DPT vaccine develops immunity. Q.16 What are interferons ? How do they help in developing resistance to infection ? Q.17 What are hallucinogens ? Give their two examples. Mention their clinical use, if any. Q.18 Define innate immunity. Name and explain the category of barrier which involves macrophages Q.19 What is incubation period? How long is it for AIDS virus ?

Q.20

Bring out the differences between benign tumour and malignant tumour. Q.21 How do viral oncogenes (V-onc) differ from cellular oncogenes (c-onc) ? Q.22 How is molecular biology helpful in preventing cancer? Q.23 How does cocaine function in our body? What are its common names ?

Q.24 Q.26

Name the type and give the effects of the following drugs in human. (i) LSD (it) Morphin (iii) Barbiturates Q.25 How are auto-immune diseases differerent from immunodeficiency diseases ? Give one example of each in humans. Explain the terms 'primary lymphoid organs and 'secondary lymphoid organs' with suitable examples. Q.27 Differentiate between active immunity and passive immunity. Give any one example where passive immunisation is needed. Q.28 How does the cell-mediated immune system work when our body is infected ? Q.29 Differentiate between the following and give examples of each : innate and acquired immunity. Q.30Draw a well labelled diagram of an antibody molecule. Q.31 Write the scientific name of the causative organism of typhoid. How does it spread? Name the confirmatory test for typhoid.

Q.32

Enumerate the symptoms of common cold. Name the category of the organism causing it.

Q.33 Write the scientific name of the organism causing amoebiasis. How does it spread ?

Q.34

Enlist the symptoms of ascariasis. How does it spread ? Q.35 Write the scientific names of the species that causes filariasis. Mention its symptoms and mode and spreading. Q.36 What are carcinogens ? Name any two carcinogens. Also explain the term malignancy. Q.37 To which category of cells do B-cells and T-cells belong ? How do they differ from each other with reference to their formation and response to antigens ? Q.38 How is a cancerous cell different from a normal cell? Q.39 List the harmful effects caused by alcohol/drug abuse. Q.40 What are allergens ? Name any four examples. Q.41 What are the common symptoms of allergy ?Name two types of drugs that can help combat allergies. Q.42 Write the full name of the organism that causes AIDS. Mention the category of people, who are at high risk of getting this disease. Q.43 What is drug abuse ? What are the causes for it? Q.44 What is meant by withdrawal syndrome ? Whatare its characteristic features ? Q.45 What are the two major groups of cells that work for specific immunity? Explain four unique features of specific immunity. Q.46 What is the mechanism by which the AIDS virus causes deficiency of immune system of the infected person ? Q.47 The following are some well-known abbreviations, which have been used in this chapter. Expand each one to its full form. Q.48 Write the scientific name of the bacteria that cause pneumonia. What happens in this disease ? What are its symptoms ? Q.49 Name the three species of fungi that cause ringworm. Mention the symptoms of this disease. Q.50 Describe the life cycle of Plasmodium. Q.51 Discuss the different barriers of our innate immunity. Q.52 Explain the different ways of diagnosing cancer. Q.53 Describe the different methods of treatment of cancer.

Q.1Define animal husbandry. Q.2 Name the two major practices included in animal husbandry. Q.3 What is the purpose of animal breeding ? Q.4 What is dairying ? Q.5 Name the two factors on which the yield of milk depends. Q.6 Define inbreeding depression. Q.7 How is inbreeding depression got rid of ? Q.8 Define apiculture. Q.9 What are the benefits of honeybee-keeping ? Q.10 Name the most common species of honeybee. Q.11 What is meant by the term 'breed' ? What are the objectives of animal breeding ? Q.12 Why is inbreeding necessary or what are the advantages of inbreeding ? Define artificial insemination. Q.13 What are its advantages over conventional breeding ? Q.14 Define inbreeding. What is the danger of inbreeding ? Q.15 What is meant by outbreeding ? Describe the different methods of outbreeding in animals. Q.16 Expand MOET with reference to animal breeding. Describe the process and use of it. Q.17 Enumerate the points that have to be considered for successful bee-keeping.