IRREGULAR VERBS

Ricardo Schtz Embora os verbos irregulares se constituam numa pequena minoria em relao a todos os verbos existentes na lngua, a freqncia com que ocorrem muito alta, o que lhes d uma importncia significativa. So todos de origem anglo-saxnica e se referem predominantemente a aes comuns. Os verbos irregulares do ingls so aqueles verbos que no seguem a regra geral de formao do Passado e do Particpio Passado. A formao do Past e do PastParticiple, de acordo com a regra geral, que se aplica a todos os demais verbos, se d atravs do sufixo -ed. Portanto, todo verbo que no seguir este padro, ser classificado de irregular. interessante notar que a irregularidade dos verbos em ingls manifesta-se apenas nas formas do Past e do PastParticiple, e no na conjugao dos mesmos, como em portugus. Os nicos verbos do ingls que tm tambm uma conjugao irregular so o verbo tobe e os verbos auxiliares modais ( can, may, might, shall, should, must, etc.). interessante notar tambm que, com relao afreqncia de ocorrncia, o Past mais importante para o aluno do que o PastParticiple. Enquanto que o Past representa uma das estruturas gramaticais bsicas, o PastParticiple ocorre apenas no Perfect Tense, na formao da Voz Passiva (veja aqui sobre o uso da Voz Passiva), e na forma adjetivada do verbo. Exemplos: Have you heard the news? - Perfect Tense Toyotas are made in Japan. - Passive Voice English is a widely spoken language. - Adjective Ns aqui classificamos as formas irregulares dos verbos como uma questo de vocabulrio, uma vez que as mesmas no interferem na estruturao das frases; e do ponto de vista do aprendizado, o aluno deve assimilar essas formas da mesma maneira que assimila vocabulrio.

Base Form
------arise awake be bear beat become befall beget begin behold bend

Past Tense
------arose awoke was, were bore beat became befell begot began beheld bent

Past Participle
--------------arisen awoken been borne beaten become befallen begotten, begot begun beheld bent

Portuguese Translation

------------------surgir, erguer -se despertar ser, estar suportar, ser portador de bater tornar-se acontecer procriar, gerar comear contemplar curvar

bet bid bind bite bleed blow break breed bring broadcast build buy cast catch choose cling come cost creep cut deal dig do draw drink drive eat fall feed feel fight find flee fling fly forbid forget forgive freeze get give go grind grow have hear hide hit hold hurt keep know lay lead leave lend let lie lose make mean

bet bid bound bit bled blew broke bred brought broadcast built bought cast caught chose clung came cost crept cut dealt dug did drew drank drove ate fell fed felt fought found fled flung flew forbade forgot forgave froze got gave went ground grew had heard hid hit held hurt kept knew laid led left lent let lay lost made meant

bet bid bound bitten bled blown broken bred brought broadcast built bought cast caught chosen clung come cost crept cut dealt dug done drawn drunk driven eaten fallen fed felt fought found fled flung flown forbidden forgot, forgotten forgiven frozen gotten, got given gone ground grown had heard hidden, hid hit held hurt kept known laid led left lent let lain lost made meant

apostar oferecer, fazer uma oferta unir, encadernar, obrigar -se morder sangrar, terhemorragia assoprar, explodir quebrar procriar, reproduzir trazer irradiar, transmitir construir comprar atirar, deitar pegar, capturar escolher aderir, segurar -se vir custar rastejar cortar negociar, tratar cavocar fazer ** tracionar, desenhar ** beber dirigir, ir de carro comer cair alimentar sentir, sentir -se lutar achar, encontrar fugir, escapar arremessar voar, pilotar proibir esquecer perdoar congelar, paralisar obter ** dar ir moer crescer, cultivar ter, beber, comer ouvir esconder bater segurar machucar guardar, manter saber, conhe cer colocaremposio horizontal, assentar liderar deixar, partir daremprestado deixar, alugar deitar perder, extraviar fazer, fabricar * * significar, quererdizer

meet overcome overtake pay put quit read ride ring rise run saw say see seek sell send set ajustar ** shake shed shine shoot show shrink shut sing sink sit slay sleep slide sling speak spend spin spit spread spring stand steal stick sting stink strike string strive swear sweep swim swing take teach tear tell think throw tread undergo understand uphold

met overcame overtook paid put quit read rode rang rose ran sawed said saw sought sold sent set shook shed shone shot showed shrank shut sang sank sat slew slept slid slung spoke spent spun spit, spat spread sprang stood stole stuck stung stank struck strung strove swore swept swam swung took taught tore told thought threw trod underwent understood upheld

met overcome overtaken paid put quit read ridden rung risen run sawn said seen sought sold sent set shaken shed shone shot shown shrunk shut sung sunk sat slain slept slid slung spoken spent spun spit, spat spread sprung stood stolen stuck stung stunk struck strung striven sworn swept swum swung taken taught torn told thought thrown trodden undergone understood upheld

encontrar, conhecer superar alcanar, surp reender pagar colocar abandonar ler andar tocar (campainha, etc.) subir, erguer -se correr, concorrer, dirigir serrar dizer ver procurarobter, objetivar vender mandar premdeterminadacondio, marcar, sacudir, tremer soltar, deixarcair ** brilhar, reluzir atirar, alvejar mostrar, exibir encolher, contrair fechar, cerrar cantar afundar, submergir sentar matar, assassinar dormir deslizar, escorregar atirar, arremessar falar gastar fiar, rodopiar cuspir espalhar fazersaltar parar de p, agentar roubar cravar, fincar, enfiar picar (inseto) cheirar mal golpear, desferir, ataca r encordoar, amarrar esforar-se, lutar jurar, prometer, assegurar varrer nadar balanar, alternar tomar ** ensinar, dar aula rasgar, despedaar contar pensar atirar, arremessar pisar, trilhar submeter-se a, suportar entender sustentar, apoiar, defender

wear win wind write

wore won wound wrote

worn won wound written

vestir, usar, gastar vencer, ganhar enrolar, rodar, darcorda escrever, re digir