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Source: www.cancerbacup.org.uk
www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Prevention
Regular cervical screening tests are the best way to identify abnormal changes in cells of the cervix early on. Women aged 20-64 are invited for screening every three years. It is important to make sure your GP surgery has your up-to-date contact details so that you carry on getting screening invitations. If you have been treated for abnormal cervical cell changes, you will be invited for screening more frequently for some years following treatment. How regularly you need to go depends on how severe the cell change is. There is a strong link between certain types of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV), and the development of cervical abnormalities, which may develop into cancer. HPV is spread through unprotected sex, so the best way to prevent it is to use a condom. Before sleeping with a new partner, it is also a good idea for you both to get tested for any sexually transmitted infections at a sexual health (GUM) clinic, but it should be noted that HPV is not routinely tested for. All tests are free and confidential. You can find your nearest sexual health clinic on the Department of Health Playing Safely web site or by phoning NHS Direct on 0845 46 47.
Source: www.nhsdirect.nhs.uk, WCISU
www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk
Summary
Over the period 1995-2004 there is a decreasing trend in incidence cases of cancers of the cervix. Unlike most cancers, cancer of the cervix is more common in younger women and the highest frequencies of cases are found in those aged between 30 and 49. The percentage annual change in the European Age Standardised Rate at -3.0% was statistically significant at the 1% level. Relative risks are significantly higher than Wales as a whole in Conwy, Pembrokeshire and Rhondda Cynon Taff and significantly lower in Powys, Monmouthshire and Newport.
Registrations per Annum (1995-2004) Relative Frequency Rank Mean Age at Diagnosis (years) Cumulative Rate 0-64 years Cumulative Rate 0-74 years Percentage Annual Change in EASR (1) Percentage Death Certificate Only Deaths per Annum (1995-2004) Mortality : Incidence Ratio (1995-2004) Females 170 2.2% 13th 54.5 0.6% 0.8% -3.0%** 1.7% 70 42.9%
(1)
* **
Incidence
FEMALE Under 5 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ All Ages Crude Rate EASR WASR 1995 0 0 0 0 2 6 15 25 21 14 12 12 8 17 21 16 9 7 185 12.43 10.93 8.61 1996 0 0 0 0 4 5 23 9 17 19 17 21 10 15 22 19 10 8 199 13.35 11.68 9.05 1997 0 0 0 0 2 14 16 19 8 13 16 20 16 16 14 13 7 4 178 11.94 10.87 8.70 1998 0 0 0 0 1 12 17 17 23 22 16 18 12 16 14 10 10 4 192 12.87 11.84 9.54 1999 0 0 0 0 0 10 14 18 19 20 9 17 11 14 14 9 11 1 167 11.19 10.21 8.22 2000 0 0 0 0 2 8 22 15 18 17 13 6 6 9 14 8 16 10 164 10.94 9.43 7.62 2001 0 0 0 0 2 2 12 27 16 21 10 13 13 6 4 11 12 4 153 10.19 9.14 7.30 2002 0 0 0 0 2 8 15 14 12 13 15 12 13 7 16 5 9 7 148 9.80 8.75 7.04 2003 0 0 0 0 1 11 12 17 15 16 13 12 9 16 7 10 7 12 158 10.45 9.27 7.53 2004 0 0 0 0 0 4 12 25 15 17 16 18 11 7 13 11 2 6 157 10.34 9.38 7.40
F req uen cy %
10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 Under 5 80-84 85+ 5-9
15 10 5 0
8 6 4 2 0 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 U n d er 5 80-84 85+ 5-9
Age Group
Age Group
Female
Female
Relative Risk
FEMALES
RR significantly below 1 RR below 1 RR above 1 RR significantly above 1
For small populations, such as a Local Health Board, the individual age-specific rates are often unstable, or even zero. Under these circumstances, indirect standardisation is used. This uses the observed age-specific rates for a larger population, e.g. Wales, and calculates an expected number of cases for the smaller area, e.g. Rhondda Cynon Taff. The observed number for Rhondda Cynon Taff is compared with this expected number, and expressed as a ratio. A value of 1 indicates Rhondda Cynon Taff experiences the same incidence rate as Wales. A value higher than 1 indicates Rhondda Cynon Taff experiences a higher rate than Wales and a value less than 1 indicates Rhondda Cynon Taff experiences a lower rate than Wales. If the 95% Confidence Intervals for the Relative Risk does not cross 1, the result is statistically significant at the 5% level.
www.wcisu.wales.nhs.uk