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MUSIC

 Is created with feelings. It is a form of language and speech in more creative way. Sometimes, it is complex, but nice. It is an organized sound, motion of tones, meaning of time, power of sound. Definition:  Music is any set of organized sounds which has been planned or notated.  Music is defined as an organized sound, but not all sound is music. o Example: the sound of a motor engine, a drill, or thunder and lightning are not music at all. They have different beats or rhythm which are not considered music.

SOUND
 Is what we hear around us. Produced by Gods creation (nature) and mans invention (machine). Example: Sound Of Nature: y y y y y Blowing of the wind Waves of the sea Sound of the bird Rumbling of the thunder Cry of animals

Sound of Machine: y y y Guitar playing Speeding car Phone ringing

EAR most important receiver of sound

Pleasing and Not pleasing sound:


If a sound is pleasing to the ear, we can smile, laugh, sing, dance and be happy. Example: - Listen to a lullaby - Listen to a lively music - listen to a singing bird - Listen to a warm greeting

If sound is not pleasing to the ear, we can be irritated, scared, or feel unhappy. Unpleasant sound is called NOISE. Noise is an unwanted sound. Example: -Listen to the sound of thunder -Listen to the sound of a howling dog -Listen to the sound of a crying woman -Listen to the sound of two people shouting at each other

Common Musical Notational Sign:


*STAFF* - is a musical feature that is made up of 5 horizontal lines and 4 spaces.

*F- Clef and G Clef*


Clef is written on the staff as one of the main component  F Clef is the base clef

 G Clef is the treble clef

*NOTES*

1. Note is a single sound that can be heard 2. Note is a single notational symbol for a sound that is written on the staff to indicate a given sound.

Parts of note:

hook stem

head

Different kinds of Note:

head

Head + stem

Darkened head + stem


Darkened head +stem + hook

Lines and Spaces:

The lines and spaces of the staff have particular names. They are the pitches or tones. A pitch can be high or low. We call the lines as EGBDF

We call the spaces as FACE

Musical Notation: Notes and Beats

In music, the notes have number of beats. They tell us how long a particular note is sang or played with a musical instrument.

NOTES Whole note Half note Quarter note Eighth note

BEATS 4 beats 2 beats 1 beat beat

BEAT is like a pulse with a repeated movement that we can feel. The beat is the basic unit of time in music, the pulse of the mensural level (or beat level). In popular use, the beat can refer to a variety of related concepts including: tempo, meter, rhythm and groove.

Elements of Music

Beat and Meter - Beats give music its regular rhythmic pattern. Beats are grouped together in a measure; the notes and rests corresponds to a certain number of beats. Meter refers to rhythmic patterns produced by grouping together strong and weak beats. Meter may be in duple (2 beats in a measure), triple (3 beats in a measure), quadruple (4 beats in a measure) and so on. Dynamics - Dynamics are abbreviations or symbols used to signify the degree of loudness
or softness of a piece of music. It also indicates whether there is a change in volume.

Harmony - In general, harmony refers to the combination of notes (or chords) played
together and the relationship between a series of chords. But to give you a better understanding of harmony, let's first define melody. Melody refers to the tune of a song or piece of music. It is created by playing a series of notes one after another. Harmony accompanies and supports the melody. It is created by playing a group of notes (either simultaneously or as broken chords) behind the melody thus giving it musical texture.

Key - Also known as tonality; a principle in music composition wherein at the end of the piece there is a feeling of completion by going back to the tonic. The tonic (main key or home key) is the principal pitch of a composition. Simply put, key refers to the central note, scale and chord. Melody - It refers to the tune of a song or piece of music. it is the memorable tune created by playing a succession or series of pitches. Musical Instruments and Voice - Musical instruments are classified as percussion, strings,woodwinds, brass and keyboards. Another method of classifying musical instruments according to the type of vibrating material used to produce sound is called the SachsHornbostel System. Our voice is also considered a musical instrument. Each of us has a different voice type or vocal range and no two voices are alike. Music Notation - Refers to the symbols used to represent music when writing it down. These symbols specify the pitch, rhythm and meter of a piece of music. Pitch - The relative lowness or highness that we hear in a sound. The pitch of a sound is based on the frequency of vibration and the size of the vibrating object. The slower the vibration

and the bigger the vibrating object, the lower the pitch; the faster the vibration and the smaller the vibrating object, the higher the pitch. For example, the pitch of adouble bass is lower than that of the violin because the double bass has longer strings. Pitch may be definite (i.e. piano) or indefinite (i.e. cymbals).

Rhythm - It may be defined as the pattern or placement of sounds in time and beats in
music. Roger Kamien in his book Music: An Appreciation defines rhythm as "the particular arrangement of note lengths in a piece of music." Rhythm is shaped by meter; it has certain elements such as beat and tempo.

Tempo - The Italian word at the beginning of a music piece that indicates how slow or fast the piece should be played. This is called the tempo which is effective throughout the duration of the music unless the composer indicates otherwise. Texture - Musical texture refers to the number of layers as well as the type of layers used in
a composition and how these layers are related. Texture may be monophonic (single melodic line), polyphonic (two or more melodic lines) and homophonic (a main melody accompanied by chords).

Timbre - Also known as tone color; it refers to the quality of sound that distinguishes one voice or instrument from another. Timbre may range anywhere from dull to lush, from dark to bright (such as the sound of glockenspiels).

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