RUBIACEAE Botanical name: Mitracarpusscabrum Common name: Button grass FWTA ed.

2:222 Local names: Yoruba: Hausa: lgbo: Description IHabitat An annual weed about 30m tall or much smaller with white which are crowded at the nodes. Leaves are elliptic to whitish veins, found on roadsides, waste places and grass Mitracarpushirtus lrawo -ile googamassu Mmaanngindu, Chemical compounds: Uses Glycoside Coumarin The plant or water extract is rubbed to treat skin like ringworm, eczema and other fungal int

RUBIACGAE Botanical name: MorindalucidaBenth Common name: Brimstone tree FWTA, ed.2, 2:189 Local names: Yoruba: Oruwo lgbo: Eze-ogu, Njisi Description /Habitat A perennial shrub to small tree bearing a dense crown of slender crooked branches with very green leaves, small terminal clusters of white fragrant owers and an inferior ovary with 2 carpels. Forest specie found in coastal areas particularly in secondary jungle. Part used: whole plant Chemical compound: - Oruwacin (Adesina&Adesogan, 1972; Adewunmi& Adesogan, 1984) Uses - The bark, root and leaf are bitter and are used in infusion or decoction for the treatment of yellow fever and other forms of fever. - Twigs are used as chewing stick. - A preparation from this plant is given for any febrile condition in childbirth. - The very bitter leaf-decoction is applied to the breast of women at weaning of their infants.

RUTACEAE Botanical name Citrus sinensis (Linn) Common name Orange, Sweet orange FVVTA ed 2 1684 Local names Yoruba Hausa Leemu Oroma lgbo: Benin Osanorombonla alemolegwa, alimoi Description IHabltat Atree up to 12m high Fruit produces non essential aromatic oil on peeling the rind and very sweet when suc base Forest tree specie thrives well in humus rich soil Part used peel owers, and leaves mam M, M, mmumamxmm

l ked Leaves have wings Chemical compounds Essential oils Uses lnfusion is used to reduce fever Grange peel is boiled together with pineapple peel and lemon peel and drunk to treat waist pain

SAPINDACEAE Botanical name: Lecaniodiscuscupanioides Planch. Ex. Bth FWTA ed. 2,1:270-1 Local names: Yoruba: Akika, aaka, arika Hausa: Kekerakuchi lgbo: Okpu Benin: Utantan Description /Habitat A tree ofi12m high or more with low branching spreading crown. Found in forests and savannah zones. Part used: leaves, bark and roots _ Chemical compounds: Uses Saponins Tannins Crushed leaves are used as dressing for boils, burns, cuts and wounds. Bark infusion is used as purgative. Roots used with ldiApata roots to strengthen a weak child.

SAPOTACEAE Botanical name: _ Chrysophyllumalbidum Q: Common name: African star Apple FWTA ed. 2, 2: 27 Local names: ' Yoruba: Agbalumo lgbo: Benin: olien Udara, Udala * Description IHabitat green when young and yellowish or reddish when ripe. Seeds A perennial tree up to 40m high, stems with buttresses. Fruits: a dark brown coat. Fruit produces white latex when split open, it becomes gummy upon aeration. it is common in both primary secondary forests, maybe conserved around homes because fruits. Part used: seed and stem-bark Chemical compounds: Uses alkaloid, avonoids Stem bark decoction is used for cold and fevers. Powder of the seed is used for leucorrhoea and Leaves are used to wrap talisman The tree is a religious tree regarded as god of male impotency.

botanical name: Capsicum annum L. Common name: African pepper, cayenne, chilli, red pepper ~.;. FVVD\ed.2,2:238 i ~>. < V3 = .1 Local names: l or 1 ~.. Yoruba: Ata jije \. ~: st. Hausa: Barkono ..

__.= lgbo: Ose Benin: ehie E k: ntokon Description IHabitat An annual plant with a taproot and an erect, simple branched stem of Li to 1m high. The owers arise from the branchlet axils of the stem on i short, slanting peduncles; they have a small copular calyx terminating in 5 lobes. The fruits are large pendulous berries in various shapes from

long and narrow to round, conical or quadrangular with which are numerous pale, at, circular seeds. Part used: fruit Chemical compound: - Essential oils, capsaicin, essence, carotene, Vitamin C - Capric acid (Agbakwuru et al, 1981) Uses - Fruits are counter irritant, anti atulent and laxative. - Fruits are taken for colds and fevers. It is an ingredient in most herbal remedies. - An infusion of the matured leaves is used to stop vomiting in fever.

SOLANACEAE Botanical name: Nicotianarustica L. Common name: Tobacco FWTA ed. 2, 2: 326 Local names: Yoruba: Tabajuku Hausa: Taba lgbo: E k: otaba, utaba unwon, ungwong Description IHabitat A stout annual herb up to 2m high with thick stem, erect and unbranched with woody base. Simple leaves spirally arranged either clockwisely or anticlockwise. Flowers borne on terminal panicle racemes, which may be white, reddish, pink or sometimes yellowish. Fruits, ovoid capsules of 1.5-2cm long with numerous brownish miniscule seeds. Part used: leaves, stem and root Chemical compounds: Uses Alkaloids (nicotine) Saponins Tannins For smoking, chewing and snuf ng The leaves are applied to the gums to relive tooth ache

Poultice of leaves is used for dressing open wounds, ulcers and painful tumors. The plant is made into preparations used to stop depression and certain kinds of aches. Leaves are used to treat convulsion in children

SOLANACEAE Botanical name: Solanumnigrum L. Common name: Black nightshade FWTA ed. 2,2: 335 1 Local names: Yoruba: Odu, Hausa: gautankaji lgbo: Description IHabitat An annual herbaceous plant, which grows up to 1m with a whitish taproot. The leaves are ovate, rhomboidal or ovate-rhomboidal. Th< owers are white and 5- lobed bone on apical corymbs. The berries green at rst but become juicy and black as they ripen; they contain many small, kidney-shaped seeds. Part used: whole plant Chemical compounds: _ . . . . . . ., Uses S. americanum Mill anara, ugumakpe Solamn, asparagmes, rutm, tannin, |lflO|6lC and palm: acids, solangustin. Scopoletin (Adesina, 1985; Gbile and Adesina, 1985) scoparone (Ghani, 1985) Leaf sap is used to treat eye problems and also to rec yellowcolour of the eyes in treatment of jaundice. 1 Fresh leaves are used to treat convulsion in children. Narcotic.

:- > I4<$l&>;).~ ;, v 4"l' w '94 -M. Q, STERCULIACEAE Botanical name: Common name: FWTA ed. 2,1: 321 Local names: Yoruba: Hausa: lgbo: Benin: SterculiatragacanthaLindl African tragacanth Owun, Ekudo Kukkukinrafi oloko ,orotopo opo po Description /Habitat A medium sized tree with broad ovate leaves and velvety kola |ike olive green fruits when immature and red when ripe. Found in dry forest and forest savannah. Part used: leaves Chemical compounds: - Karaya gum. Uses

- Leaves used as enema to cure diarrhea, dysentery or other abdominal affection. - Leaf decoction is taken to cure gonorrhea. - Leaf is taken to treat pile

TILIACGAE Botanical name: Cochorusolitorius L. Common name: Bush okra, toss jute FWTA, ed. 2,1: 308 Local names: Yoruba: Hausa: lgbo: Ewedu, oyoyo Laaloo Ahihara Description IHabitat An herb or small shrub characterized by yellow owers and many seeded elongated capsules with tailed prominently nerved leaves. There are two varieties of this common vegetable. lt is commonly found as weed on farmlands or cultivated in the savannah and tropics. Part used: leaves and roots Chemical compounds: Uses Glucosides (seed) infusion of dried leaves used as stomachic, tonic, fever and worms in children. . The leaves are squeezed and the extract given to women in labour to ease delivery. _ was Decoction of dried root is given in diarrhea and also used to treat abscesses

TILIACEAE Botanical name: Glyphaeabrevis (Spreng.) FWTA, ed. 2,1: 308 Local names: Yoruba: Atori |9bo: Akpoti, anyasu Benin: uwenriotan ljaw: itolon Description IHabitat A spreading straggly shrub, climber or small tree up to 8m high. Flowers are golden yellow in few- owered in orescence. This plant is found in undisturbed forests and secondary forest along riverbanks and low plains. Part used: leaves & bark Uses - Both bark and leaves are used in the treatment of gonorrhea. - Decoction of stem-bark is used for the treatment of diarrhea, fever and other respiratory ailments. - The leaves are used for the treatment of intestinal heat and also for dressing of wounds. - A decoction of the plant is recommended to boost sperm count in men.

TILIACEAE Botanical name: TriumfettarhomboideaJacq. Common name: ' r Chinese bur FWTA, ed. 2,1: 309 Local names: Yoruba: llasaomode, akobolo-bolo lgbo: udo Description /Habitat An erect shrubby perennial up to 2.5m high. Leaves vary in size, fruit is round indehiscent capsule. Ubiquitous in waste areas, savannah and cultivated elds. Part used: leaves, root, seed Uses - The leaf decoction is taken by men to boost sperm count and also treat stomach problems. - The seed is laxative. - Root and bark is used for diarrhoea, haemorrhage and gonorrhoea.

ULMACEAE Botanical name: Tremaorientalis (L.) Blume Common name: Charcoal tree FWTA, ed. 2,1: 592-3 Local names: Yoruba: Afe, Afefe Hausa: Ajenana lgbo: telemukien Benin: ehunigo Description IHabitat A shrub or small tree to 12m high widespread in forest and in secondary jungle. Pioneer species in secondary clearings, quickly occupying open spaces. Part used: leaves, whole plant Chemical compounds: - Saponins - Tannins - Alkaloids (bark) Uses - Infusion of stem bark and leaves is used to treat fever, cough and dysentery. - Extract of the leaves is used to treat weakness during pregnancy. - Infusion of the roasted chip wood is taken for dysentry - The plant is used to treat skin infections.

URTICACEAE Botanical name: Laporteaaestuans (Linn.) Chew 1 e Fleuryaaestuans (L.)Gaud.exMiq. Common name: Tropical nettle weed FWTA, ed. 2, 1: 619 as Fleuryaaestuans Local names: Yoruba: Fiya ya, ofuefue, ipeeri Hausa: bulsumfage lgbo: ilenkita Benin: oho-ghogho, eben- owuasue Description IHabitat An herbaceous plant with stems growing up to 1.5m long .the leaves are slightly mucilaginous. Found in waste places and quickly appearing in new cultivations and fallows. Part used: leaves Chemical compounds: - Saponins - Tannins - lnulin Uses - Decoction of the plant is recommended for toothache and for Mouthwash. - Poultice of the leaves is used for treatment of in ammation. - Leaves are eaten in potherb as spinach and in soups for indigestion and constipation. - Leaves used as blood purifier and to rectify excessive menstruation.

VITACEAE Botanical,Name: Cissusquadrangularis Linn FWTA, ed.2, 1:676 Common Name: Edible-stemmed vine Local Names Hausa: Yoruba: Igbo: DescrlptlonIHabitat A fleshy, climbing, herbaceous plant. About 10-15m long and with quadrangular stems and branches. Part used: whole plant Uses Tsattsarar, da ddorl Eyun, Ororo Ogbakiikii Powdered shoot used as stomachic and for digestive and gastrointestinal complaints. Stems and leaves taken in enema to treat syphilis and gonorrhoea Paste of fresh stem used to aid suppuration of whitlow

ZINGIBERACEAE Botanical name: Zingiberof cinales Roscoe. Common name: Ginger FWTA, ed. 2,3: 70 Local names: Yoruba: atale ,ata -ile Hausa: cittar lgbo: jinja Description IHabltat A monocot perennial plant with leaves longer than broader and usually light green. A tropical plant which thrives well in humus soil. Part used: rhizome Chemical compounds: - Phellandrine - Zingiberine - Cineol - Citral and borneol Uses - The powdered rhizome is used externally to reduce pain. - An infusion of the rhizome is drunk to soothe the stomach and remove atulence. - The rhizome is used for weight management and hypertension. - The rhizome is used as a condiment and flavouring agent - Useful in early pregnancy nausea and vomiting.

STERCULIACEAG Botanical name: SterculiatragacanthaLindl Common name: African tragacanth FWTA ed. 2,1: 321 Local names: Yoruba: Owun, Ekudo Hausa: Kukkukinra lgbo: oloko , orotopo Benin: oporipo Description IHabitat A medium sized tree with broad ovate leaves and velvety kola-like olive green fruits when immature and red when ripe. Found in dry forest and forest savannah. Part used: leaves Chemical compounds: - Karaya gum. Uses - Leaves used as enema to cure diarrhea, dysentery or other abdominal affection. - Leaf decoction is taken to cure gonorrhea. - Leaf is taken to treat pile.