Introduction : Physiology Means Natural Knowledge the term arrived from Greek roof of Physiologikos (Or) physiologice.

This word is used 1st Time by Jean Fernal in 1542. This word did of come to common used till 19th century. History: Before 16th Century 450-370 Hippocrates in the ancient, Greek physician. The History and growth of Physiology are in separably connected with those of medicine. Medicine is the mother of all Branches of Natural Science. Medicine means for the Maintaining of Health and cure of Disease (Diagnosed and Treatment of Disease). In older days Two system of Medicines were practiced which is indigenous to the soil is the Ayurvedic and the Unani (Or) Graeco Arabian system. This unani was based on the science of grace and Egypt. These two system of Medicine were the only once taught and practiced in India. The any system of medicine, some Hypothesis as regards the normal functions of the different organs of the body are essential in order that morbid Processes occurring in different diseases may be given as rational explanation. The Humoral Physiology of the Ayurvedic medicine Presupposes three principal Humours Or fluids in the body namely Vata or wind Which has its seats between the feet and the umbilicus. Pitta between the umbilicus and Heart and the Kapa between the Heart and top of the Head. Health is associated with the Normal Conditions of these Humours, Disease with their derangement. The unani system was noted specially for its emphasis on chemistry. charaka and susruta are the great physician of the ancient Ayurvedic medicines and Rhayes and Avicenna, the famous Persian Physicians who practice the Unani system. The greek master mind of medicines of the past and rank in the Hippocrates. The Famous greek physician of Antiquity. Before 16th centure 450 - 370 B.C Hippocrates is the Ancient greek Physician. He was born in 460 BC in the island of COS close to Asia Minor. He was father of medicine. He Believed that health and sickness are due to such factors seasons, Climates water, soils food, and exercise. The Collections of Hippocrates have been Translated in many languages and in studying the works no one can failed remark his high standard of ethical conduct, in his instant of prognosis, His accuracy of observations and his clarity of recording cases. He was the first man to separate medicine from Philosophy and set up a high standard of ethics who washed to follow the Art of medicine.

Hippocrates knew little of Anatomy and physiology. He had not the clinical Thermometer nor stethoscope, Yet he practiced Auscultation by placing ear to the chest and able to describe the friction Sound of the pleurisy as creaking of leather. He tried to fondant out the real causes of epilepsy (Or) fever. The logical writing of the different facts are seen in the different aphorisms. He did not confine his practice to medicine. He was a good Surgeon. He drained pus, set fracture, Reduced dislocations and even trephine the skull. He used of Tar for wounds is surprising for runner of the antiseptic method. The work of Hippocrates is nofa mere malter of histore interest. The idea of focusing fulf attention on the patient. Rather than moserentifie theories of Disease@clab prate laberatory Tests was revived by sydenham and Boahawne and today is again engaging theatention of some of the best mind in medicine. We cant be too fregn ently@ Too Forcefully reminded of the faely that our Natures are the physicians of our Diseases. The physician and the specialist Whatever his field shmild smdy the entire parent and his environment and should now Disease with the eye of the Natrualist that if the message of Hippocrates as fresh today as it was 2400 years ago. The posibum of the patient, Nrtine of reapiration apperarance of the sprtum mere stressed by with for prognosis, But unfortunately he made little use of drug and depended on natural diet etc., for cure (Vice Medicares Naturae) Aris to the and his influence (384-322 BC). He was born in hthens & was a student of plato. He was nofonly a profennd phrlosopher@ a great Biologist but an esteemed scholar medicines. He closely following Hippocrates in printer of time was one who through not himself a physician, Exercised a preformed influence upon the practice of medicine. His Home was in Athens where her was a pupil of Plato and later the was tutor to the son of Philip of Macedon Alexander the great. He followed the Hippocrates and others on Believing that Human body prosses four. Fundamentally genialities that Hof@cold, The drg and Mins ant it composed of tons Humans, He blood Phlegm, Yellow Bile and block Bile, He blood, Phlean, Yellow Bile and block Bile, The other Primacy scats of ocscase. Anithhames on the ralatine pre-dominance of any of the Humors carshmite Disease. The Ment of his work was that he advocated the necessity of a Knowledge of anatomy of Physiology and direct clinical observation. He introduce & Scientific sprit and ethical Idoas in to medicine. GALAN (131 200 Ao) was born at Perganosin Asia Manant pracheis Rame. He follmed the Hoppo Crates method, Accpting the Doctrine of Hnmours. Which regarded the body as composed of blood, Phlalagm yellow Bile and Block Bile. Sangine, Phlesmatic Melancily, Choleric.

He recognized the caefty if prechis po causes of Disease. He is the 1st Eaperimental physiologist. He Reopnised the value of Anatomy inprachee of medicine of the Descehum of Human body . He find out the 1st pairs of Gremial nerve 1st pan optic the pairs fanal. He ahshgrushed between the sensory of motor merve & also lympathetic nerve our system. Glanderded Diseases in to three classes: 1. Those affectry similar parts @ simple issue (Muscle 2. Organic (Affectry combinedisso) 3. General of Humeral and Drycrasnas organic discates (Comprises mal formatters and abnormalities of single, Posihas of No of causes of Diseases are @ Procatarity (or) Excity 4. Predisposing Physiology Means Natural Knowledge, the term derived from Greek roof of Physiologikos@physiologice. This word is used Ist Time by Jean Fernal in 1542. This word did of come to common used till 19th century. Evolution of Physiology. Before 10th century 450-370 Bc Hippocrates is the Ancient greak physician the believed that health & Sickversare due to snehfactors seasons climates, water, sorts food farceuse . Nerve the four humors, blood, phlegm yellow Bile & Black Bile. The merit of his work was the advocated the accessity of a knowledge of anatomy & Physiology and direct ahmealohsa vation He introduced scientipic sprit & ethical ideasim to medicine. The gatar cause 131-200 A,D. He is a another greak physician practiced in rome. He was a greatest Experimental physiologist. Before Willam Harvey. He elaborated a system of physiology and suggested that sprits of pneuma pevecrated all parts of body. The preached that the blood Received natural sprits its liver and vital sprits in the Heart (Roftrentricle) while him Converted to Animal sprits in the brain he proceeded to caplain every they Taught by Hippocrates. In the year 1543 Andreas Vesalius protessy of physiology Padilla this father of Anatomy. He published his clinical book fabricea human corporis in this book physiology & anatomy are beautifully blended together. It is based on his own observation mate by Desenchan of the Dead body. The neat great event was the advent of William Hervey 1578 1657. Here a father of Physiology and fomored of Modern physiology. He was Dricokeser of the evaluation of blood which he was crebeaths his classification books De mother cordis. It consist in introducing the experimental method in 1651 Physiological Investigation. This was a great contribution which has had a protomat in Hence on modern physiology & Medicine

The micros cope had been invented by Galileo 1706. Its half century the corpus microscope were used by Anatomy leenmen hoek in 1915 stepher Hales. 1st measmed the blood pregance in a man in 1733. Bernonlli study povement of hunds pries scheele Discovered O2. Henry Cavendish Discovered composition of H2O IN 1781.air in 1784. THE CONCEPT OF PHYSIOLOGY The interaction between a living organism and its environment is fundamental concept of physiology. Internal Environment -