FINAL TEST ENGLISH THE CHARACTERISTIC OF PEAK FLOOD OF RIVERS IN JAVA ISLAND

By William M. Putuhena, Wanny K. Adidarma, and Sri Mulat Yuningsih Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Sumberdaya Air

Group 1
Role Moderator Presenter 1 Presenter 2 Responden 1 Responden 2 Summerizer Name Andreas Priyo H. Aldilla Dezjona P. Aji Pakar Wirawan Akma Puspita Said NIM 0810480010 0810480007 0810480005 0810480006

Aditya Nugraha Putra 0810480004 Achmad Sauki 0810480003

UNIVERSITY BRAWIJAYA FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE STUDY PROGRAM OF AGROECOTECHNOLOGY MALANG 2010

MODERATOR

Name : Andreas Priyo Handoko NIM : 0810480010 Good morning ladies and gentlemen, welcome to this seminar on The Characteristics of Peak Flood of Rivers in Java Island by William M. Putuhena, Wanny K. Adidarma, and Sri Mulat Yuningsih in Before starting the topic, I would like to introduce our group. We are S-1 student of the study program of agroechotechnology, the faculty of agriculture, Brawijaya University, Malang. As you might have noticed, there are six members, and starting from your left is :  Miss Aldilla who is in charge of presenting the first part af the article : namely the introduction up to the material and method.  Next to her is Mr Aji who is in charge of presenting the second part of the article. Starting from the findings through the conclusion and suggestions.  Then comes Miss Akma who will respond to the first question/ comment.  Mr Aditya will be in charge of answering the second question/comment.  Next to Mr Aditya is Mr Achmad Sauki who will summarize our discussion today.  And I am Mr Andreas, in charge of ushering through this seminar. This morning, our group is going to describe about Characteristics of Peak Flood of Rivers in Java Island. Our data show that the frequency distributions of floats have been moving sideways. It is supported by the globally climate changes based on annual maximum discharge (instantaneous) in 66 gaging stations from 1919 to 2001. Well start by looking at overall figures and then look at data and setting, descriptive, model and result in turn. Finally, well make recommendations for awaring the people to solve the peak flood of rivers in Java Island based on these figures. At the end of the presentation there will be time for any questions you have.

Presentation Now so as to starting the program, allow me to invite Miss Aldilla to present the first

part of the article Miss Aldilla the time is all yours. Ladies and gentlemen, that was the first part of the article. Now we are going to hear the second part, Therefore, I would like to invite Mr Aji to deliver the second part of the article Mr Aji the time is all yours. y Questions and Answers Ladies and gentlemen, we have just listened to the presentation of the topic. There may be mattes not well-understood, or questions and comment you would like us to respond to. All your questions and comments would be very useful feedback for our group. Therefore, do not hesitate to raise your questions/comments. However, as the time is limited, we can only respond to two questions/comments. All the other questions and comments can be expressed in written form and will be answered by correspondence, so do not forget to state your postal or e-mail address. To the questioner/commentator, please mention your name, and the group you represent before you raise the question/comment. Thank you. Akma, would you please answer question 1? Well, Miss/Mr.. are you satisfied with the answer? The next question/comment, please. Aditya, would you please answer question 2? Well, Miss/Mr.. are you satisfied with the answer? y Summing up Ladies and gentlemen, that was the fourth session of todays program. We have now come to the fifth session, which is the summing up session. Mr Achmad Sauki, would you please sum up the discussion of today? y Closing Ladies and gentlemen, that ends our seminar on The Characteristics of Peak Flood of
Rivers in Java Island. We do hope that the information we have shared would be useful to us

all. Thank you for being with us throughout this seminar. God Bless you.

PRESENTER 1 Name : Aldilla Dezjona Putri NIM : 0810480007 Major flooding occurs frequently lately in areas that were previously rarely flooded. Very complex factors that cause flooding. One of the root causes of flooding are the environmental factors represented by rainfall and water flow in rivers that are hydrological described as a hydrograph with a peak and flood volume. The flow of water in the river that is quickly ascending to form a hydrograph in which the maximum flow rate achieved is often referred to as the peak flood. The greater flood that occurred, the chances of getting smaller. Characteristics of peak floods during the last decade The period after 1990 is a period in which the extreme values of the (flood) and small (drought) is common. This may occur because of global climate change that occurred recently due to global warming. The change or shift in the probability distributions characterizing the deviation, especially if the shift resulted in the possibility of discharge becomes increasingly larger. Characteristics of peak flood plan The study of the nature storm Flood analysis plan applied to a few locations scattered heading suspect water in the Java Island. To give an idea about the size of the maximum flood that occurred in each square mile watershed, the magnitude of flood peaks, especially for periods of 2 years divided by watershed area. Hydrological flood prone areas have a characteristic size of the flood plan is quite high per square kilometer.

PRESENTER 2 Nama NIM : Aji Pakar irawan : 0810480005

Assessment of watershed area Peak flood greater than 1 m 3 / sec / km 2, as already described are not included in the calculation of similarities between peak flood and watershed area due to the influence of rain is
very dominant in that case. From Figure 6 shows that very large variation of floods West Java. Major flooding occurred in Central Java, Banten and North, while Cimanuk, Citarum, and

Citanduy be under 0.6 m 3 / sec / km 2 so did South Central Java and East Java.

Figure 6 Especially for Solo watershed area of more than 5,000 km 2, clearly visible in Figure 7, the flood peak specific plans to grow small when a large watershed area increases. Despite the flood return period of 2 years for Babat, Bojonegoro, Cepu, Kauman, and Napel not sequential magnitude in accordance with its catchment area compared with Babat, Bojonegoro, and Cepu (Table 1), but if calculated on the basis of specific discharge (Figure 7) , shows that the bigger area the smaller the discharge banjr specific. Accourding to this means that the peak decreases but volume of hydrograf is bigger if the watersheed area increases.

Figure 7 The study of the ratio of design flood return period of 50 years and 2 years The size comparison between flood period of 50 years to 2 years ranged from 1.1 to 5.0. Flood in West Java raised from 1.1 to 5.0. Central Java and East Java, ranging from 1.1 to 3.0.

SUMMARIZER Name NIM : Achmad Sauki : 0810480003

To sum up our discussion today, we would like to say that we have talked about The Characteristic Of Peak Flood Of Rivers in Java Island. Our main point was.. 1. Floods culminate or annual maximum floods [at] period of year 1970-2000 (a thousand nine hundreds seventy until two thousands.) experiencing of change compared to yrs. previously. There is indication that a more regular deluges happened. This matter happened because some cause factor like impact of change of added by global climate of change of second farm function of him race floods culminate to be is big 2. River in area of Banten and of Jateng North basically naturally the including floods gristle according to result of plan floods analysis looked into from nature of rainstorm. Mount crisis will mount if/when triggered by transfer of forest farm function or rice field become urban.

RESPONDEN 1 Name : Akma Puspita Said NIM : 0810480006 PERTANYAAN : Apakah yang menjadi penyebab karakteristik banjir puncak untuk sungaisungai di Pulau Jawa atau tepatnya secara statistik mengalami pergeseran distribusi peluang? JAWABAN : Berdasarkan data debit maksimum tahunan yang terkumpul di 66 lokasi pos duga air yang tersebar di Pulau Jawa dari tahun 1919 sampai dengan 2001, dapat dihitung besaran banjir rencana dengan berbagai periode ulang serta distribusi peluang dari dua kelompok seri data. Dari kajian tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada indikasi pergeseran distribusi di Citarum-Nanjung, Cikapundung-Gandok, dan Cisadane-Batubeulah.

Besaran banjir puncak spesifik mengecil bilamana luas daerah aliran sungai membesar. Di beberapa lokasi, banjir puncak spesifik membesar karena pengaruh dari hujan badai terpusat yang digambarkan melalui peta isohit. Jadi, besarnya banjir puncak sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi badai setempat selain perubahan iklim global serta pemicu lain seperti perubahan fungsi lahan.

RESPONDEN 1 Name : Akma Puspita Said NIM : 0810480006 QUESTION : What is the cause of the characteristics of flood peaks for rivers in Java or rather statistical distribution shifted opportunity? RESPOND : Based on the annual maximum flow data collected at 66 locations suspected of heading the water that spread across the island of Java from 1919 to 2001, can calculate the amount of flood plans with different return periods and probability distributions of the two groups of data series. From these studies it can be concluded that there is an indication of a shift in the distribution in the Citarum-Nanjung, Cikapundung-Gandok, and Cisadane-Batubeulah. The amount of specific flood peak decreases when the total area of watershed enlarged. In some locations, the specific flood peak enlarged because of the influence of thunderstorms centered isohit depicted through maps. Thus, the magnitude of flood peak is strongly influenced by local storm conditions in addition to global climate change and other triggers such as changes in land use.

RESPONDEN 2 Name : Aditya Nugraha Putra NIM : 0810480004 PERTANYAAN : Sebenarnya apa yang menjadi faktor akar permasalahan banjir? JAWABAN : Terimakasih moderator, sebelum saya menjawab pertanyaan dari

saudara bayu saya akan mengulang pertanyaan, factor apa yang menjadi akar permasalahan dari terjadinya banjir, benar demikian? Salah satu akar permasalahan banjir adalah faktor lingkungan yang diwakili oleh hujan dan aliran air di sungai yang secara hidrologis digambarkan sebagai hidrograf dengan puncak dan volume banjir. Kejadian debit maksimum atau banjir puncak hanya beberapa saat, tetapi mampu menimbulkan saat kritis yang dapat menghancurkan tanggul atau tebing; limpasan permukaan karena melebihi kapasitas tampung sungai,

menyebabkan bendungan atau bangunan air lainnya jebol. Dampak dari kejadian tersebut adalah penggenangan air di wilayah permukiman dan lahan pertanian. Oleh karena itu dianggap perlu untuk mengkaji karakteristik banjir puncak ditinjau dari perubahannya dalam dekade terakhir maupun kemampuan dari daerah aliran sungai (DAS) dalam menanggapi hujan badai. Kembali ke moderator,

RESPONDEN 2 Name : Aditya Nugraha Putra NIM : 0810480006 QUESTION : what is the factor underlying causes flood? RESPOND : Thank for moderator, before Ill try to answer the question, I would like to repeat the question from Mr Bayu, what is the factor underlying causes of peak flood, isnt it? One of the root cause of flood is the environmental factors that represented by rainfall and water flow in rivers. The hydrological described as a hydrograph with a peak and flood volume. The phenomenon of maximum flow or peak flood just a few moments but it have capability to causing a critical time that can destroy the embankment, cliff and also run off, because it exceeds the capacity of the river. It also causing a dam or other water buildings collapsed. The impact of these events is the inundation of water in residential and agricultural areas. Therefore, necessary to examine the characteristics of the peak flood in terms of changes in the last decade as well as the ability of the river basin (DAS) in response to the rain storms. Back to the moderator